治人无渐忽然振寒,皮肤曲尘出,小便赤涩,大便时秘,气无异,饮食不妨,
服诸汤不除,因为久黄方。
苦参 黄连 瓜蒂 黄柏(去皮) 大黄(蒸,各一分) 葶苈(炒,半两)
上为细末。每服一大钱,饮调服,当吐下。随时消息加减。
治黄胆,小便色不异,欲自利,腹满而喘者。不可除热,热去必哕。
半夏(汤洗七次)
上为锉散。每服三钱,水二盏,姜十片,煎七分,去滓,不拘时。
养荣汤 治五疸脚弱,心忪口淡,耳响微寒,发热气急,小便白浊。当作虚劳治之
。(方见虚损门)
《内经》有鼓胀,《太素》作谷胀,治法虽详,而不论其所因。原其胀满之端,皆胃与
大肠二阳明为二太阴之表,大抵阴为之主,阳与之正,或脏气不平,胜克乘克,相感相因,
致阴阳失序,遂有此证。假如怒伤肝,肝克脾,脾气不正,必胀于胃,名曰胜克;或怒乘肺
,肺气不传,必胀于大肠,名曰乘克。忧思聚结,本脏气郁,或实或虚,推其感涉,表里明
之,皆内所因;或冒寒暑风湿,随其经络,传至阳明,致胀满者,属外所因;饮食饥饱,生
冷甜腻,聚结不散,或作痞块,膨胀满闷,属不内外因。当知胀满,该涉三因,须以人迎气
口分其内外,脉息虚实审其温利,详而调之,无失机要;不尔,则为腹心痼疾,坐受困踣,
不可不谨。
治疗患者无明显诱因突然感到寒战,皮肤出现如曲尘般的黄染,小便短赤涩痛,大便时而秘结,气息正常,饮食无碍,服用各种汤药无效,因此制定此治疗久发黄疸的方剂。
苦参、黄连、瓜蒂、黄柏(去皮)、大黄(蒸制,各一分)、葶苈子(炒制,半两)
以上药材研为细末。每次服用一大钱,用温水调服,服药后应当出现呕吐和腹泻的症状。根据病情随时酌情加减剂量。
治疗黄疸病,小便颜色没有明显异常,想要自行排便,腹部胀满且伴有喘息的患者。不可使用清热法,若热邪去除,必然会导致呃逆。
半夏(用汤水清洗七次)
以上药材切碎成散剂。每次服用三钱,加水两盏,生姜十片,煎煮至七分水量,滤去药渣,不拘泥于固定时间服用。
养荣汤:治疗五种黄疸引起的下肢痿弱无力,心悸心慌,口淡无味,耳鸣微恶风寒,发热气急,小便白浊。应当作为虚劳病来治疗。(方剂见虚损门)
《内经》中有鼓胀病的记载,《太素》中称为谷胀,治疗方法虽然详细,但未论述其病因。推究胀满产生的根源,都是胃与大肠这两个阳明经与脾与肺这两个太阴经互为表里,大致上是阴气为主宰,阳气予以匡正,或者是脏腑之气不平衡,出现相克、相乘的关系,相互感应关联,导致阴阳失去秩序,于是产生这种病症。假如愤怒损伤肝脏,肝木克制脾土,脾气不正,必然在胃部发生胀满,这叫做“胜克”;或者怒气侵犯肺脏,肺气不能正常宣发传导,必然在大肠发生胀满,这叫做“乘克”。忧愁思虑郁结,本脏之气郁滞,或实或虚,推究其受感牵连的情况,表里关系明确,都属于内因;或者冒犯寒暑风湿之邪,随着经络传变到达阳明经,导致胀满的,属于外因;饮食饥饱不均,生冷甜腻之物积聚不散,或者形成痞块,导致膨胀满闷,属于不内外因。应当知道胀满涉及三因学说,必须通过比较人迎脉和气口脉来区分内外病因,通过脉象虚实来判断温通或利下的治法,详细地进行调理,不错失关键要点;否则,就会成为腹心部的顽固疾病,坐以待毙,不可不谨慎。
To treat a patient who suddenly experiences chills without gradual onset, skin yellowing resembling "qu chen" (fine dust-like discoloration), scanty and painful red urine, intermittent constipation, normal breath, and unimpaired diet. When various decoctions fail to resolve the condition, this formula is prescribed for chronic jaundice.
*Shenkang* (Radix Sophorae Flavescentis), *Huanglian* (Rhizoma Coptidis), *Gua Di* (Fructus Momordicae), *Huangbai* (Cortex Phellodendri, peeled), *Dahuang* (Rhubarb Rhizome, steamed, each 1 fen), *Tingli* (Semen Lepidii/Descurainiae, stir-fried, 0.5 liang).
Grind the above ingredients into a fine powder. Take one large qian per dose, mixed with water. Vomiting and purging are expected outcomes. Adjust dosage according to the patient's condition.
To treat jaundice where urine color is not significantly altered, the patient desires spontaneous defecation, presents with abdominal fullness and wheezing. Heat-clearing methods should be avoided; if heat is removed, hiccups will inevitably occur.
*Xia Ban* (Rhizoma Pinelliae, washed seven times in hot water).
Grind the above ingredient into a coarse powder. Take three qian per dose, with two zhan of water and ten slices of ginger. Decoct until approximately 0.7 zhan remains, strain, and take at any time.
*Yangrong Tang* (Nourishing Prosperity Decoction): Treats five types of jaundice accompanied by lower limb weakness, palpitations, bland taste in the mouth, tinnitus with slight aversion to wind/cold, fever with rapid breathing, and turbid white urine. It should be treated as consumptive disease (Xu Lao). (See Formula Section on Deficiency Damage)
The *Neijing* (Inner Canon) records "Gu Zhang" (Drum Distension), referred to as "Gu Zhang" (Grain Distension) in the *Tai Su*. Although treatment methods are detailed, the etiology is not discussed. Investigating the origin of abdominal distension, it stems from the relationship between the Stomach and Large Intestine (Yangming meridians) and the Spleen and Lungs (Taiyin meridians), which are exterior-interior pairs. Generally, Yin acts as the master, while Yang provides correction. Imbalance of organ qi, involving overcoming (Ke) or insulting (Cheng) relationships, leads to mutual influence and disorder of Yin and Yang, resulting in this syndrome. For instance, anger injures the Liver; Liver wood overcomes Spleen earth. If Spleen qi becomes abnormal, distension occurs in the Stomach, termed "Sheng Ke" (Overcoming); or anger attacks the Lung; if Lung qi fails to transmit, distension occurs in the Large Intestine, termed "Cheng Ke" (Insulting). Grief and worry cause accumulation and stagnation of the affected organ's qi, whether excess or deficiency. Analyzing the involvement clarifies the interior-exterior dynamics, all falling under internal causes. Alternatively, exposure to cold, heat, wind, or dampness transmits via meridians to the Yangming, causing distension, which belongs to external causes. Irregular eating habits, consumption of raw, cold, sweet, or greasy foods leading to accumulation, formation of masses, bloating, and fullness belong to neither-internal-nor-external causes. One must understand that distension involves the Three Causes theory. Differentiate internal and external causes by comparing the Renying and Qikou pulses; assess warmth or purgation needs based on pulse excess or deficiency; regulate carefully without missing key points. Otherwise, it becomes an intractable abdominal or cardiac disease, leading to helplessness and death. Caution is essential.