人有双眸，如天之有两曜，乃一身之至宝，聚五脏之精华。其五轮者，应五行；八廓者，
象
数看日月，频视星火，夜读细书，月下观书，抄写多年，雕镂细作，博弈不休，久处烟火，
泣泪过多，刺头出血多，若
此者，俱丧明之本。复有驰骋田猎，冲冒尘沙，日夜不息者，亦
伤目之媒。又于少壮之时，不自保惜，逮至四十，以渐昏蒙。故善卫养者，才至中年，无事
常须暝目，勿使他视，非有要事，勿宜辄开，则虽老而视不衰。大抵营卫顺则斯疾无由而生
，营卫衰则致病多矣。且伤风冷则泪出，虚则昏蒙，劳力则 赤，白肿则脾家受毒，生疮则
风热侵肺，黄乃酒伤于脾，血灌瞳仁及赤色，俱是心家有热。羞明见红花为肝冷，黑花则肾
虚，青花胆有寒，五色花为肾虚兼热，不可一概为治。若虚不补而实不泻，亦难收效。然上
虚乃肝虚，下虚乃肾虚，肝虚则头晕、耳聋、目眩，肾虚则虚壅生花，耳作蝉鸣，尤宜补肝
益肾。其有热泪交流，两睑赤痛，乃肝之极热，迎风有泪，为肾虚客热，凉肝泻肾，必得其
宜。至于五脏，各以类推。虚则生寒，实则生热，补泻之用，须在参详，毫厘之差，千里之
谬。余则无非有所触动，或大病之后，所患不一。至如暴赤一证，多因浮热冲上，或眠食失
时，饱食近火得之，加以劳役失于调摄，过食毒物，变成恶证。医者不原本始，但知暴赤属
阳，或以散血之剂，或以凉心之药，纵使退散，遂致脾经受寒，饮食不进，头目虚浮，五脏
既虚，因成内障。亦有见其不进饮食，俾更服热药，遂致三焦暴燥，热气上攻，昏涩眵泪。
或犯盛怒，辛苦重劳，遂生 肉。心气不宁，风热交并，变为攀睛，症状不一，是为外障。
又若读书、博弈等过度而致疾者，名曰肝劳。不可但投以治肝之剂，及作他证治之，卒于莫
效，惟须闭目珍护，不极远视，庶乎可瘳。若夫患风疹者，必多眼暗，先攻其风，则暗自去。
妇人胎前产后，用药亦须避忌。小儿所患，切且善治，惟略加淋洗，披镰针灸，端不可施，
犹须戒其用手频揉，或因兹睛破，至于莫救。以上诸证，专是科者，宜留意焉。
人拥有双眼，就像上天拥有日月一样，是身体中最宝贵的宝物，汇聚了五脏的精华。眼睛的五轮对应五行；八廓象征天数。频繁注视太阳和月亮，长时间盯着火花看，在夜晚阅读细小的书籍，在月光下看书，多年从事抄写工作，雕刻精细的作品，不停地下棋博弈，长期处于烟雾火光之中，哭泣流泪过多，刺破头部出血过多，像这样的情况，都是导致失明的根本原因。又有骑马打猎，冲撞冒犯尘土沙尘，日夜不停的人，也是损伤眼睛的媒介。如果在年轻力壮的时候，不自我爱惜保养，等到四十岁时，视力就会逐渐变得昏花模糊。所以善于养生的人，刚到中年，没事时常常需要闭上眼睛，不要让他物分散视线，没有重要事情，不要轻易睁开，这样即使年老视力也不会衰退。大体上，营卫之气顺畅则这种疾病无从产生，营卫衰弱则致病就多了。况且感受风寒冷邪则流泪，正气虚弱则昏花模糊，过度劳累则眼睛发红，眼睑肿胀则是脾脏受毒邪侵袭，生疮疡则是风热侵犯肺脏，眼白发黄则是饮酒损伤了脾脏，血液灌入瞳仁以及眼球发红，都是心脏有热邪的表现。怕光且看到红花是肝脏寒冷，看到黑花则是肾脏虚弱，看到青花是胆腑有寒，看到五色花是肾脏虚弱兼有热邪，不能一概而论进行治疗。如果虚证不补而实证不泻，也很难收到疗效。然而上部的虚损乃是肝虚，下部的虚损乃是肾虚，肝虚则出现头晕、耳聋、目眩，肾虚则虚火壅滞生出眼花，耳朵发出蝉鸣声，尤其应当补肝益肾。如果有热泪交流，上下眼睑红肿疼痛，这是肝脏极热的表现，迎风流泪，是肾虚兼有客热，治疗宜凉肝泻肾，必定适宜。至于其他五脏的情况，可以以此类推。虚证则生寒，实证则生热，补法和泻法的应用，必须仔细参详，毫厘之间的差错，会导致千里之谬。其他的无非是有所触动，或者在大病之后，所患病症不一。至于突然发生的暴赤眼（急性结膜炎）这一证候，多因浮热冲逆向上，或者睡眠饮食失去节制，饱食后靠近火源所致，再加上劳役过度缺乏调理摄养，过食有毒食物，变成恶性的证候。医生如果不探究病因始末，只知道暴赤属于阳证，或者使用散血的药剂，或者使用清心的药物，纵使症状退散，却导致脾经受寒，饮食不进，头目虚浮，五脏既然虚弱，因此形成内障。也有见到患者不能进食，便让服用热药，于是导致三焦突然燥热，热气向上攻冲，导致眼睛昏涩、眵泪增多。或者触犯盛怒，辛苦重劳，于是生出胬肉（攀睛）。心气不宁，风热交并，变为攀睛，症状不一，这称为外障。又如读书、下棋等过度而导致疾病的，名叫肝劳。不可以仅仅投用治疗肝脏的药剂，以及当作其他证候来治疗，最终没有效果，只有必须闭目珍视保护，不极度远视，或许才可以痊愈。如果是患有风疹的人，必然多有眼睛昏暗，先祛除风邪，那么昏暗自然去除。妇女怀孕前和产后，用药也必须避开禁忌。小儿所患的眼病，切且要妥善治疗，只能稍微加以淋洗，绝对不可施用披针切割或针灸，还必须戒除他们用手频繁揉搓，如果因此导致眼球破裂，以至于无法救治。以上各种证候，专门从事眼科的医生，应当留意啊。
Humans possess two eyes, akin to Heaven having the Sun and Moon; they are the supreme treasures of the body, gathering the essence of the Five Zang Organs (Zang-Fu Organs). The Five Wheels of the eye correspond to the Five Elements (Wu Xing); the Eight Palaces (Ba Kuo) symbolize numerical patterns. Frequently gazing at the Sun and Moon, staring intently at sparks, reading small print by night, viewing books under moonlight, copying for many years, carving fine details, playing games without rest, dwelling long in smoke and fire, weeping excessively, or pricking the head causing much bleeding—such conditions are all roots leading to blindness. Furthermore, galloping in hunting fields, rushing through dust and sand day and night, also serves as a medium for injuring the eyes. If one does not cherish and protect oneself during youth and strength, by the age of forty, vision will gradually become dim and blurred. Therefore, those who are skilled in nurturing life should, upon reaching middle age, often close their eyes when idle, avoid letting their gaze wander elsewhere, and not open them unless there is an urgent matter; thus, even in old age, vision will not decline. Generally, when Ying and Wei Qi (Defensive and Nutritive Qi) flow smoothly, such diseases cannot arise; when Ying and Wei Qi decline, diseases multiply. Moreover, contracting wind-cold causes tearing; deficiency leads to blurriness; overwork causes redness; swelling of the eyelids indicates the Spleen has been affected by toxicity; sores indicate Wind-Heat invading the Lungs; yellowing indicates alcohol damaging the Spleen; blood flooding the pupil and redness both indicate Heat in the Heart. Photophobia with seeing red flowers suggests Cold in the Liver; seeing black flowers indicates Kidney Deficiency; seeing blue flowers indicates Cold in the Gallbladder; seeing flowers of five colors indicates Kidney Deficiency combined with Heat; treatment cannot be uniform. If deficiency is not tonified and excess is not purged, efficacy is hard to achieve. Upper deficiency refers to Liver Deficiency, lower deficiency refers to Kidney Deficiency. Liver Deficiency causes dizziness, deafness, and vertigo; Kidney Deficiency causes virtual stagnation generating visual spots and cicada-like tinnitus in the ears; it is especially appropriate to tonify the Liver and benefit the Kidney. Profuse hot tears and red, painful eyelids indicate extreme Heat in the Liver; tearing in the wind indicates Kidney Deficiency with exogenous Heat; cooling the Liver and purging the Kidney is most suitable. As for the other Zang Organs, similar reasoning applies. Deficiency generates Cold, Excess generates Heat; the use of tonification and purgation must be carefully considered, for a difference of a hair's breadth can lead to an error of a thousand miles. Other cases are merely triggered by various stimuli or occur after severe illnesses, presenting diverse symptoms. For instance, sudden acute redness (Acute Conjunctivitis) is mostly due to floating Heat rushing upward, or irregular sleep and diet, eating full meals near fire, compounded by overwork and lack of care, or consuming toxic foods, turning into malignant syndromes. Physicians who do not investigate the origin, but simply know that acute redness belongs to Yang, may use blood-dispersing agents or Heart-cooling medicines. Even if symptoms subside, this may cause Cold in the Spleen Meridian, loss of appetite, and floating edema of the head and eyes. With the Five Zang Organs now deficient, internal cataracts (Internal Obstruction) may form. Some, seeing the patient cannot eat, administer hot medicines, leading to sudden dryness of the San Jiao (Triple Burner), with Heat Qi attacking upward, causing blurry vision, sticky discharge, and tearing. Or, provoked by extreme anger and heavy labor, fleshy growths (Pterygium) may appear. Restless Heart Qi combined with Wind-Heat transforms into Pterygium; these varied symptoms constitute External Obstructions. Similarly, diseases caused by excessive reading or gaming are named Liver Fatigue (Liver Labor). One should not merely administer Liver-treating formulas or treat it as other syndromes, as this yields no effect; rather, one must keep the eyes closed and protected, avoiding extreme distance viewing, so that recovery might be possible. Those suffering from Wind-Rashes often have dim vision; first attack the Wind, then the dimness will clear. Women before pregnancy and after childbirth must observe medication taboos. Pediatric eye conditions require careful treatment; only mild washing should be applied. Incision with blades or acupuncture must absolutely not be used. It is also necessary to forbid children from frequently rubbing their eyes, lest the eyeball rupture, leading to incurable damage. These various syndromes should be noted by specialists in ophthalmology.