尝谓用药如用刑，一有所误，人命系焉。故《书》曰∶言之非艰，行之维艰。如张仲景
伤寒一百一十三方，犹缺其一，三百九十七法，偻指未即周知，盖谓此也。夫处方大法，则
有七方十剂。七方者，奇方、偶方、大方、小方、缓方、急方、复方。十剂者，宣、通、补、
泻、轻、重、涩、滑、燥、湿。然积学而用之则可矣。伤寒之病，太阳属膀胱，非发汗则不
愈，必用麻黄之类，盖其性能通阳气却外寒也。阳明属胃，非通泄不能愈，须用大黄、芒硝
以利之。少阳属胆，无出入道，柴胡、半夏能利能汗，佐以黄芩则解矣。太阴属脾，性恶寒
湿，非干姜、白术不能燥。少阴属肾，性畏寒燥，非附子不能温。厥阴属肝，藏血养筋，非
温中之药不能润。此外，有汗下吐三法，毫厘不可差误。经云，桂枝下咽，阳盛则毙，承气
入胃，阴盛以亡。故在表宜汗，在里宜下，在胸宜吐，半表半里宜和解。表里俱见，随证渗
泄；
身热不渴为表有热，渴而烦闷为里有热。伤寒见风，大青龙汤为治之最。阳毒内外结热，轻
者白虎汤，重则承气汤之属。阳厥亦用，舌卷焦黑，鼻中如烟煤，非水渍法不可。阴毒，疾
势困重，面黑，四肢厥冷，则理中汤、四逆汤投之。未效，则灼艾法惟良，复以葱熨法佐之。
阴厥，同此法治之。发热下利，白头翁汤、黄连阿胶丸最为的切。中寒则急KT 置暖室，
燃以薪火向之，令通身暖透。或置于热炕上，令有力人扶策，仍以手附火或人怀令热，亟摩
病患手足胸腹间，续用姜附汤并服。若犹未省，则根据上法灸。伤风主治之法，汗出恶风者，
当解其肌。里证虽具，恶风未罢，亦须先解其外也。伤风见寒，大青龙汤均为调理。中风昏
闷，先须通关散，探鼻令喷嚏，次以苏合香丸行其气，仍须分辨冷热为治，不可混滥。五脏
正中者，迅雷不及掩耳。手足偏中者，但徐服顺气疏风豁痰等药，不宜用大风药，急治则不
得尽其天年。其有牙关紧闭，亦用通关散搐鼻，喷嚏即开矣。伤暑者，暑气耗血消气生痰，
速用解暑之剂，仍辍热汤，得汗即苏。若中之者，急扶在阴凉处，不可与冷。当以布巾衣物
蘸热汤熨脐中及气海，以汤淋布上令透彻，脐腹暖即渐醒矣。如仓卒无汤处，则掬道上热土
置脐上，以多为佳，冷即易之。古法，道途无汤，即掬热土于脐中，仍拨开作窝，令人溺其
中，以代汤淋，续与解暑毒药，并急嚼生姜一大块，冷水送下。如已迷闷，则嚼大蒜一二瓣，
冷水送下，如不能嚼，即用水研，灌之立苏。但遇无汤处，则嚼生葱二寸许，津咽下，可抵
饮水二升。伤湿、中湿、只宜利小便，忌不得以火攻，并转利之。若湿家下之，额上汗出微
喘
宽中进食，仍须怡养，以温平之药调之。如宿血滞气停凝，结为症瘕，腹中坯块，坚硬作楚
，当以破气药伐之。或以类相从，如败梳治虱瘕，铜屑治龙瘕，曲 治米瘕，锻石治发瘕等
类，所谓医者意也。气急膨痛至甚，或有热痞结聚，须宣泄之。虚损为之，宜大作汤剂，峻
补者，乌、附、天雄、姜、桂之属不可无；润补者，鹿茸、当归、苁蓉之类安可缺；清补则
天门冬、麦门冬、人参、地黄之类宜用也。至于诸热为治，有泛热，有实热。泛热者，荆芥
、薄荷、栀子、黄芩等投之，正其所宜。实热者，非大黄、芒硝则不能效。若夫总说为治之
备要，如南北风土之殊，人物浓薄之异。北方土浓水深，水性沉下，人体多实而少虚，且所
餐无非肉曲，寒则衣重裘坐暖炕。若有所治，则宜多以清凉之剂，如南方用大黄、巴豆之属
，其分两皆当倍而用之。或用水渍法，或寻甜水一二瓯饮之即苏。间有所禀稍弱，不自保惜
，劳役致虚，则亦但当润补之，无有不愈。南方属火，火性轻炎，人体多虚而少实，况所食
不过蔬食而已，必须投以温和之药以调之。其有习尚北方之风，置酒终日，非至醉不已，烧
爆肥鲜，恣其厌饫，偶有所患，亦须以平昔所禀，施以凉剂。然虚者亦不可妄施。 疟热多
者，投以半冷半热解散，分阴阳减寒热之剂，度其所作之日，先一时进以抵截之药，去其痰
水，则收效矣。寒多者投以半生半熟壮脾进食之剂，次以抵截之药，则痰癖去而疾愈矣。犹
须令其戒慎饮食，谨起居，则无复攻之患。若久疟而复作，虚浮不食者，未之有瘳。时疫之
治，须以时斟酌，不可偏执，治之者须辨其所因，而投之以药，不可以日满自差，遂至枉
亡，良可太息。至于病愈，必须汤食竞进，折其毒势，不可令病气攻人，则屏息矣。或有
云斯疾之召，或沟渠不泄，秽恶不修，熏蒸而成者。或地多死气，郁发而成者。或官史枉抑
，怨读言而成之者。可于州治六合处，穿地深至三尺，阔亦如之，取净沙三斛实之，以醇酒
三升沃其上，俾使君祝之，斯亦消除疫疠之良术，故并记之。喘急虚者升降镇坠，热者清心
凉肺，未有不愈。下痢感于四气者，先须随其所感解散，分利阴阳。次须辨其冷热，手足和
暖则为阳，中和之剂可用，手足厥冷则为阴，温燥之药可行，无不切效。大法，虚者补之，
实者泻之，滑者涩之，闭者通之。有积者推之，热则凉之，冷则温之，冷热不调者平之。失
血，明其所因，辨其冷热，如血下鲜红，则治以清和，纯下瘀色，则当温养。二便秘则须润
滑以行之，胀满则须正气，以虚实平治之。肿满，实者利水，虚者壮脾元兼用消浮等剂，自
有奇效。仍须戒咸断欲，庶不再复。霍乱须明辨虚实所因，亟治无迟，迟者则殒命。至于干
霍乱，则犹为难治也。三消治法，滋肾为主，抑心火兼之。然须多服汤圆，俾水升火降，而
引饮无度，莫之见矣。真心痛者，手足青至节，不在治疗之数。真头痛者，上穿风府，陷入
泥丸，非药能愈。金疮主治，备见后科，用药之工，诚可嘉叹。中蛊毒之法，以败鼓皮烧灰
为末，饮服一匕，则病患自呼蛊家姓名，可语令呼唤，将去则愈矣。瘵疾一染人，当其未深
入之时，则宜先取其虫，不尔则损于心、肺。盖心主血，肺主气，人身舍气血之本，其能生
乎？取虫而后相忘世虑，和以润养药食，庶几可瘳，伤晚则不及也。魇寐、产乳、自缢、压
溺诸暴绝，须平时熟记后所载治法，并产蓐一科，临用庶不仓惶，应验在顷刻间。不然则世
无良医，枉死者半是也。厉风初发，则宜宣泄，风毒去而病渐愈。久之，惟当幽隐林泉，根据
法
则宜外寻禁避厌禳法以除之。外此，病有六不治，骄恣不论于理，一不治也；轻身重财，二
不治也；衣食不能适，三不治也；阴阳并，脏气不定，四不治也；形羸不能服药，五不治也
；信巫不信医，六不治也。生候尚存，形色不改，病未深入腠理，针药及时，能将息调理，
委以良医，病无不愈。至于五味，亦可对治五脏之病，肝酸、心苦、脾甘、肺辛、肾咸，用
之中病则止；过则酸走筋，咸走血，辛走气，苦走骨，甘走肉，则无益矣。又如，所宜而治
者，肺燥咳嗽，嚼芝麻，啖油饼，疟疾脾冷，糟鲤鱼，糟藏瓜。久冷痢，野鸡、馄饨等类是
也。瓜果亦可随冷热施之，愈疾必矣。若夫炮制之法，又当以相需、相合、相反、相恶。相
需者，以桂得葱而软。相合者，磁石引针。相反者，大戟、芫花等反甘草之类也。相恶者，
如牛黄忌龙骨是也。且方中各有避忌，此亦举其略。或以甘草击起芫花之性而用者，犹在斟
量。更须甄别药味新陈，选择州土所生，采取时月，分君臣佐使，俾分两无差，炙爆炮 ，
精虔不苟，斯为治之善也。其有自恃己长，不肯访问，以意臆度，攻寒以寒，疗热以热，妄
施一匕，邀为己功。偶或中之，实非的见，不过侥幸于万一。其或不中，则十手所指，十目
所视，所谓一瓯之药，误入于咽，五脏俱裂，生可再复，可不戒之。况医者人之司命，有病
急召，慎勿以远近暑寒而拒之。若至病家，尤须敬谨，勿为他务，以败正事。给药亦量其多
寡，表汗宜四，吐下宜一，加二极矣。补药愈多愈效，余则随证为之轻重，明批汤引。病若
未愈，嘱其再来，庶病可瘳，而治有方矣。仆少而学之，长而行之，所谓治病之道尽在是矣
。（古云∶凡曰治病，推其所因，生死预定，方为医人。敬之。）
我常认为用药如同执行刑罚，一旦有所差错，人命便系于此。所以《尚书》说：“说话并不难，难的是实行。”像张仲景的《伤寒论》中有一百一十三首方剂，尚且缺漏一首；三百九十七种治法，屈指计算也难以完全知晓，说的就是这种情况。
制定处方的基本原则，有“七方”和“十剂”。所谓“七方”，是指奇方、偶方、大方、小方、缓方、急方、复方。“十剂”，是指宣、通、补、泻、轻、重、涩、滑、燥、湿这十类功效。然而，只有经过长期积累学问并加以运用才可以。
治疗伤寒病，太阳经归属于膀胱，如果不通过发汗则不能痊愈，必须使用麻黄之类的药物，因为它们的药性能通达阳气、驱除外寒。阳明经归属于胃，如果不通过通泄则不能痊愈，必须使用大黄、芒硝来利导通便。少阳经归属于胆，没有直接的出入通道，柴胡、半夏能利窍并能发汗，配合黄芩就能解除病邪。太阴经归属于脾，性质厌恶寒湿，不使用干姜、白术就不能燥湿。少阴经归属于肾，性质畏惧寒燥，不使用附子就不能温阳。厥阴经归属于肝，主藏血并滋养筋脉，不使用温中的药物就不能滋润。
除此之外，还有汗、下、吐三种治疗方法，毫厘之差也不可出现错误。医经说：“桂枝汤服下，若阳气过盛则会致死；承气汤入胃，若阴气过盛则会亡故。”所以在表证适宜发汗，在里证适宜攻下，在胸膈适宜催吐，在半表半里适宜和解。如果表里症状同时出现，应根据证候进行渗泄处理。身体发热但不口渴，说明表有热；口渴且烦闷，说明里有热。
伤寒见到风邪，大青龙汤是最适宜的治疗方剂。阳毒症内外结聚热邪，轻症用白虎汤，重症用承气汤之类。阳厥症也适用此法，若见舌体卷缩焦黑，鼻中如烟煤状，非用水渍法不可。阴毒症，病情危重，面色发黑，四肢厥冷，则投用理中汤、四逆汤。如果无效，则艾灸法是良策，再辅以葱熨法辅助治疗。阴厥症，也用同样的方法治疗。
发热伴下利，白头翁汤、黄连阿胶丸最为确切有效。中寒症则急需将其安置在温暖的房间，点燃薪火对着烘烤，使全身暖透。或者放置在热炕上，让有力的人扶持按摩，仍然用手靠近火源或放入怀中使其温暖，迅速按摩患者的手足胸腹部，随后服用姜附汤并内服。如果仍未清醒，则按照上述方法进行灸疗。
伤风的主治方法，出汗且恶风的，应当解肌发表。虽然具备里证，但恶风未止，也必须先解除表邪。伤风兼见寒邪，大青龙汤均作为调理方剂。中风导致昏闷，首先需用通关散，探入鼻腔令其打喷嚏，其次用苏合香丸行气，仍须分辨冷热进行治疗，不可混淆滥治。五脏直接受邪者，如迅雷不及掩耳般危急。半身不遂者，只需缓慢服用顺气、疏风、豁痰等药物，不宜使用猛烈的大风药，急于求成则无法享尽天年。如果有牙关紧闭的情况，也用通关散搐鼻，打喷嚏后牙关即开。
伤暑者，暑气耗伤气血并生痰，应速用解暑之剂，并停止饮用热汤，得汗后即可苏醒。如果是中暑者，急忙扶至阴凉处，不可给予冷饮。应用布巾衣物蘸热汤熨烫脐中及气海穴，用热汤淋在布上使其透彻，脐腹暖和后患者会逐渐苏醒。如果在紧急情况下没有热水，则捧取道路上的热土置于脐上，以多为佳，冷了即更换。古法中，路途无热水时，就捧热土放在脐中，并拨开做成窝状，让人溺尿其中，以代替热汤淋洗，随后给予解暑毒药，并急嚼一大块生姜，用冷水送下。如果已经昏迷，则嚼一二瓣大蒜，用冷水送下；如果不能嚼，就用水研磨灌服，立即可苏醒。只要遇到没有热水的地方，就嚼生葱约二寸长，津液吞咽下去，可抵得上饮水两升。
伤湿、中湿，只宜利小便，忌用火攻，并禁止过度利尿。如果湿病患者被误用攻下法，导致额头微汗出、轻微气喘，需宽中进食，仍需调养，用温平的药物调理。如有宿血滞气停凝，结为症瘕（腹内结块），腹中有硬块疼痛，当用破气药攻伐。或以同类相从的方法治疗，如败梳治虱瘕，铜屑治龙瘕，曲蘖治米瘕，锻石治发瘕等类别，这就是所谓的“医者意也”。
气急胀痛至极，或有热痞结聚，须宣泄之。虚损导致的病症，宜制成大型汤剂，峻补者，乌头、附子、天雄、干姜、肉桂之类不可缺少；润补者，鹿茸、当归、肉苁蓉之类怎可缺失；清补则天门冬、麦门冬、人参、地黄之类适宜使用。至于各种热证的治疗，有泛热，有实热。泛热者，荆芥、薄荷、栀子、黄芩等投用，正是适宜。实热者，非大黄、芒硝则不能见效。
若总述治疗的备要，如南北风土的差异，人体禀赋厚薄的不同。北方土地深厚，地下水深，水性沉下，人体多实证而少虚证，且所食无非肉类面食，寒冷时穿厚皮衣坐暖炕。若有疾病需要治疗，则宜多用清凉之剂，如南方使用大黄、巴豆之类，其分量都应当加倍使用。或者用水渍法，或寻找甜水一二碗饮下即可苏醒。间或有禀赋稍弱，不自爱惜，因劳役导致虚弱，则也只当润补，没有不愈的。
南方属火，火性轻炎，人体多虚证而少实证，况且所食不过是蔬菜而已，必须投用温和的药物来调理。那些习惯北方风气，整日饮酒，不到醉不休，烧烤肥鲜食物，肆意饱食，偶尔患病，也须根据其平昔禀赋，施以凉剂。然而虚证者也不可以妄施凉剂。
疟疾发热多的，投用半冷半热的解散剂，分阴阳以减轻寒热，推算其发作的日子，提前一小时进服截疟之药，去除痰水，即可收效。寒多者，投用半生半熟以壮脾进食的剂型，随后用截疟之药，则痰癖去除而疾病痊愈。仍须令患者戒慎饮食，谨慎起居，则不再有复发的隐患。若是久疟复发，身体虚浮不食的，从未有过痊愈的案例。
时疫的治疗，须根据时令斟酌，不可偏执，治疗者须辨别病因，然后投药，不可以日期满自认为好转，以致枉死，实在令人叹息。至于病愈，必须尽快进食汤粥，折减毒势，不可令病气反扑伤人，否则会导致呼吸停止。有人说这种疾病的招致，或因沟渠不通，秽恶不修，熏蒸而成；或因地多死气，郁积爆发而成；或因官吏冤屈，怨气言词而成。可在州治六合之处，挖地深三尺，宽亦如之，取净沙三斛填满，用醇酒三升浇在上面，让君主祈祷，这也是消除疫疠的良好法术，所以一并记录。
喘急虚者，宜升降镇坠；热者，宜清心凉肺，无不痊愈。下痢感于四气者，先须随其所感进行解散，分利阴阳。其次须辨别冷热，手足和暖则为阳证，可用中和之剂；手足厥冷则为阴证，可行温燥之药，无不切效。大法则是：虚者补之，实者泻之，滑者涩之，闭者通之。有积滞者推逐之，热则凉之，冷则温之，冷热不调者平调之。失血，须明辨其原因，辨别冷热，如血色鲜红，则治以清和；纯下瘀血色，则当温养。二便秘结则须润滑以行之，胀满则须调正气，以虚实平治之。肿满，实证利水，虚证壮脾元兼用消浮等剂，自有奇效。仍须戒咸断欲，才可能不再复发。
霍乱须明辨虚实病因，亟治不可迟缓，迟缓则殒命。至于干霍乱，则更加难以治疗。三消（消渴）治法，以滋肾为主，抑制心火为辅。然须多服汤圆，使水升火降，则引饮无度的症状自然消失。真心痛者，手足青紫至关节，不在治疗之列。真头痛者，痛感上穿风府，陷入泥丸宫，非药物所能治愈。金疮主治，详见后科，用药之精妙，诚可嘉叹。中蛊毒之法，以败鼓皮烧灰为末，饮服一匕，则病患自呼蛊家姓名，可语令呼唤，将去则愈矣。
瘵疾（肺结核等慢性消耗性疾病）一旦感染人，当其未深入之时，则宜先取其虫，不然则损伤心、肺。盖心主血，肺主气，人身舍气血之本，其能生乎？取虫而后相忘世虑，和以润养药食，庶几可瘳，伤晚则不及也。魇寐、产乳、自缢、压溺诸暴绝，须平时熟记后所载治法，并产蓐一科，临用庶不仓惶，应验在顷刻间。不然则世无良医，枉死者半是也。
厉风（麻风病）初发，则宜宣泄，风毒去而病渐愈。久之，惟当幽隐林泉，根据法则宜外寻禁避厌禳法以除之。外此，病有六不治：骄恣不论于理，一不治也；轻身重财，二不治也；衣食不能适，三不治也；阴阳并，脏气不定，四不治也；形羸不能服药，五不治也；信巫不信医，六不治也。生候尚存，形色不改，病未深入腠理，针药及时，能将息调理，委以良医，病无不愈。
至于五味，亦可对治五脏之病，肝酸、心苦、脾甘、肺辛、肾咸，用之中病则止；过则酸走筋，咸走血，辛走气，苦走骨，甘走肉，则无益矣。又如，所宜而治者，肺燥咳嗽，嚼芝麻，啖油饼，疟疾脾冷，糟鲤鱼，糟藏瓜。久冷痢，野鸡、馄饨等类是也。瓜果亦可随冷热施之，愈疾必矣。
若夫炮制之法，又当以相需、相合、相反、相恶。相需者，以桂得葱而软。相合者，磁石引针。相反者，大戟、芫花等反甘草之类也。相恶者，如牛黄忌龙骨是也。且方中各有避忌，此亦举其略。或以甘草击起芫花之性而用者，犹在斟量。更须甄别药味新陈，选择州土所生，采取时月，分君臣佐使，俾分两无差，炙爆炮，精虔不苟，斯为治之善也。
其有自恃己长，不肯访问，以意臆度，攻寒以寒，疗热以热，妄施一匕，邀为己功。偶或中之，实非的见，不过侥幸于万一。其或不中，则十手所指，十目所视，所谓一瓯之药，误入于咽，五脏俱裂，生可再复，可不戒之。况医者人之司命，有病急召，慎勿以远近暑寒而拒之。若至病家，尤须敬谨，勿为他务，以败正事。给药亦量其多寡，表汗宜四，吐下宜一，加二极矣。补药愈多愈效，余则随证为之轻重，明批汤引。病若未愈，嘱其再来，庶病可瘳，而治有方矣。仆少而学之，长而行之，所谓治病之道尽在是矣。（古云∶凡曰治病，推其所因，生死预定，方为医人。敬之。）
I often maintain that administering medicine is like executing punishment; if there is any error, human life hangs in the balance. Therefore, the *Book of Documents* states: "It is not difficult to speak, but difficult to practice." For instance, Zhang Zhongjing's *Treatise on Cold Damage* contains 113 prescriptions, yet one is still missing; its 397 methods are so numerous that even counting on fingers cannot fully encompass them. This is what is meant by this statement.
The general principles of prescribing include the "Seven Forms" (Qi Fang) and the "Ten Categories" (Shi Ji). The Seven Forms refer to Odd Form (Qi Fang), Even Form (Ou Fang), Large Form (Da Fang), Small Form (Xiao Fang), Slow-acting Form (Huan Fang), Rapid-acting Form (Ji Fang), and Compound Form (Fu Fang). The Ten Categories refer to Dispersion (Xuan), Unblocking (Tong), Tonification (Bu), Purging (Xie), Lightness (Qing), Heaviness (Zhong), Astringency (Se), Slipperiness (Hua), Dryness (Zao), and Dampness (Shi). However, these can only be applied after accumulating knowledge through study.
Regarding the treatment of Cold Damage disease: The Taiyang channel belongs to the Bladder; without sweating, it will not heal, so herbs like Ephedrae Herba (Mahuang) must be used because their nature can unblock Yang Qi and repel external cold. The Yangming channel belongs to the Stomach; without purgation and drainage, it will not heal, so Rhizoma et Radix Rhei (Dahuang) and Natrii Sulfas (Mangxiao) must be used to promote drainage. The Shaoyang channel belongs to the Gallbladder, which has no direct exit or entry pathway; Bupleuri Radix (Chaihu) and Pinelliae Tuber (Banxia) can facilitate flow and induce sweating, and when assisted by Scutellariae Radix (Huangqin), the pathogen is resolved. The Taiyin channel belongs to the Spleen, whose nature abhors Cold-Dampness; without Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens (Ganjiang) and Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma (Baizhu), dampness cannot be dried. The Shaoyin channel belongs to the Kidney, whose nature fears Cold and Dryness; without Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata (Fuzi), warmth cannot be restored. The Jueyin channel belongs to the Liver, which stores blood and nourishes sinews; without Middle-Warming herbs, moistening cannot occur.
Beyond this, there are three methods: Sweating (Han), Purgation (Xia), and Vomiting (Tu); a discrepancy of a hair's breadth is unacceptable. The Classics state: "If Guizhi Tang enters the throat while Yang is excessive, death ensues; if Chengqi Tang enters the stomach while Yin is excessive, demise follows." Therefore, for exterior syndromes, sweating is appropriate; for interior syndromes, purgation is appropriate; for chest/thoracic syndromes, vomiting is appropriate; for half-exterior/half-interior syndromes, harmonization is appropriate. If exterior and interior signs appear simultaneously, treat according to the syndrome with渗泄 (shen xie - permeating and draining). Body heat without thirst indicates Heat in the Exterior; thirst with irritability indicates Heat in the Interior. When Cold Damage presents with Wind, Da Qinglong Tang is the most suitable treatment. For Yang Du (Yang Toxin) with internal and external binding heat, mild cases use Baihu Tang, while severe cases use Chengqi Tang and similar formulas. Yang Jue (Yang Reversal) also uses this method; if the tongue is curled and scorched black, and smoke-like coal appears in the nose, Water Immersion Method (Shui Zi Fa) is indispensable. For Yin Du (Yin Toxin), where the disease is critical, the face is black, and limbs are cold, Lizhong Tang and Sini Tang should be administered. If ineffective, Moxibustion is excellent, assisted by Cong熨 (Cong Yi - Green Onion Fomentation). Yin Jue (Yin Reversal) is treated similarly.
For Fever with Diarrhea, Baitouweng Tang and Huanglian Ejiao Wan are most precise. For Zhong Han (Cold Strike), urgently place the patient in a warm room, ignite firewood to warm them until the whole body is thoroughly warm. Or place them on a hot kang, have strong people support and rub them, keep hands near fire or in bosoms for warmth, and quickly massage the extremities, chest, and abdomen. Subsequently administer Jiangfu Tang internally. If still unconscious, apply moxibustion according to the above methods.
For Shang Feng (Wind Injury): If sweating and aversion to wind occur, release the muscle layer. Although interior signs exist, if aversion to wind persists, the exterior must first be resolved. For Wind Injury combined with Cold, Da Qinglong Tang is used for regulation. For Zhong Feng (Wind Stroke) causing coma, first use Tongguan San, probe the nose to induce sneezing, then use Suhexiang Wan to move Qi. Differentiate between Cold and Heat for treatment; do not mix them up. If the Five Zang organs are directly struck, it is as sudden as lightning. For hemiplegia, slowly administer herbs for regulating Qi, dispersing Wind, and resolving Phlegm; avoid harsh Wind-dispersing herbs. Rushing treatment prevents reaching a full lifespan. For locked jaw, use Tongguan San to snuff the nose; sneezing opens the jaw.
For Shang Shu (Summerheat Injury): Summerheat consumes Blood and Qi and generates Phlegm; quickly use Summerheat-resolving agents, stop hot drinks, and recovery occurs upon sweating. For Zhong Shu (Summerheat Strike), urgently move to a cool place; do not give cold drinks. Use cloth or clothes dipped in hot water to foment the navel (Shenque) and Qihai acupoint. Pour hot water over the cloth to penetrate; once the navel and abdomen are warm, the patient gradually regains consciousness. If no hot water is available in an emergency, scoop up hot earth from the road and place it on the navel (more is better); replace when cold. Ancient methods: if no hot water is available on the road, scoop hot earth into the navel, make a depression, and have someone urinate into it to substitute for hot water. Then administer Summerheat-resolving drugs, and urgently chew a large piece of fresh Ginger, swallowing with cold water. If already comatose, chew 1-2 cloves of Garlic, swallow with cold water; if unable to chew, grind with water and灌 (administer) to restore consciousness immediately. In places without hot water, chew about 2 cun of raw Scallion, swallow with saliva, which is equivalent to drinking two sheng of water.
For Shang Shi (Dampness Invasion) and Zhong Shi (Dampness Strike), only promote urination is suitable; forbid Fire therapy and excessive purgation. If a Dampness patient is wrongly purged, leading to sweat on the forehead and slight panting, soothe the middle and promote eating, and regulate with mild-warm herbs. If old Blood stasis and stagnant Qi condense into Zheng Jia (masses), forming hard, painful abdominal lumps, use Qi-breaking herbs to attack them. Or use "like attracts like" methods: e.g., broken combs for Lice-masses, copper filings for Dragon-masses, Qu (fermented starter) for Rice-masses, and Steel scale (Duanshi) for Hair-masses. This is called "The physician relies on intuition."
For severe Qi urgency and distending pain, or Heat Pi (glomus) accumulation, must vent and drain. For deficiency consumptions, prepare large decoctions; for vigorous tonification, Aconite (Wutou), Prepared Root of Aconite (Fuzi), Tianxiong, Ginger, and Cinnamon are indispensable; for moistening tonification, Deer Antler (Lurong), Angelica Sinensis Radix (Danggui), and Cistanche Deserticola (Rongrongs) are essential; for clearing tonification, Asparagi Radix (Tianmendong), Ophiopogon Japonicus Radix (Mendong), Ginseng Radix (Renshen), and Rehmanniae Radix (Dihuang) are suitable.
Regarding various Heat treatments: There is General Heat (Fan Re) and Excess Heat (Shi Re). For General Heat, Schizonepetae Spica (Jingjie), Menthae Haplocalycis Herba (Bohe), Gardeniae Fructus (Zhizi), and Scutellariae Radix (Huangqin) are appropriate. For Excess Heat, only Rheum Palmatum Radix et Rhizoma (Dahuang) and Natrii Sulfas (Mangxiao) are effective.
General principles of treatment consider regional differences. Northern soil is dense, groundwater deep, water nature sinks; people tend to have Excess patterns rather than Deficiency, and diet consists mainly of meat and fermented grains. In cold weather, they wear heavy fur and sit on heated beds. If treating illness there, use more cooling agents; e.g., Southern use of Dahuang and Crotonis Fructus (Badou) requires double the dosage. Or use Water Immersion Method, or drink 1-2 bowls of sweet water to recover. Occasionally, those with weak constitution who neglect themselves and suffer labor-induced deficiency need only moistening tonification, and they will surely recover.
Southern regions belong to Fire; Fire nature is light and flaming; people tend to have Deficiency patterns rather than Excess, and diet is mostly vegetables. Must administer mild-warm herbs to regulate. Those accustomed to Northern habits, drinking wine all day until drunk, roasting fatty fresh foods, and eating excessively, if they fall ill, must be treated with cooling agents based on their habitual constitution. However, Deficient patients must not be given cooling agents recklessly.
For Malaria with much Heat, administer semi-cool/semi-hot dispersing agents, differentiate Yin/Yang to reduce chills/fever, calculate the day of onset, advance anti-malarial drugs one hour prior, remove Phlegm-fluids, and efficacy will be achieved. For much Cold, administer semi-raw/semi-cooked spleen-strengthening/appetizing agents, followed by anti-malarial drugs; then Phlegm-stagnation leaves and disease heals. Patients must guard diet and daily routine to prevent recurrence. For chronic malaria recurring with deficiency edema and anorexia, cure is unheard of.
For Epidemic Diseases (Shi Yi), treatment must be adjusted to the season, not biased. Physicians must identify the cause before prescribing. Do not assume recovery just because days have passed, leading to wrongful death; this is lamentable. Upon recovery, advance soup and food quickly to break the toxic force; do not let pathogenic Qi attack the person, causing suffocation. Some say this disease arises from unclogged drains, filth, and miasma; or from stagnant dead air in the land; or from officials' unjust grievances and resentment. One may dig at the "Six Harmonies" location of the prefecture, 3 chi deep and wide, fill with clean sand (3 hu), pour 3 sheng of pure wine on top, and have the ruler pray. This is also a good method to eliminate epidemics, so it is recorded.
For panting urgency due to Deficiency, use ascending/descending and sedative/heavy methods; for Heat, clear Heart and cool Lung; all recover. For Dysentery caused by Four Qi (pathogens), first resolve according to the pathogen, differentiate and benefit Yin/Yang. Then distinguish Cold/Heat: warm hands/feet indicate Yang syndrome, use neutral/mild agents; cold limbs indicate Yin syndrome, use warm-dry agents; all are effective. General rules: Tonify Deficiency, Purge Excess, Astringe Slippage, Unblock Closure. Push out Accumulations, Cool Heat, Warm Cold, Balance Cold-Heat imbalance. For Hemorrhage, clarify cause and distinguish Cold/Heat: bright red blood indicates treatment with Clearing/Harmonizing; dark clotted blood indicates Warming/Nourishing. Constipation of both bowels/bladder requires lubrication; Distension/Fullness requires regulating Qi, treating based on Excess/Deficiency. Edema/Fullness: Excess uses diuresis, Deficiency strengthens Spleen Yuan and uses anti-edema agents; miraculous effects follow. Guard against salt and sexual indulgence to prevent recurrence.
For Huoluan (Colic with Vomiting/Diarrhea), clearly distinguish Excess/Deficiency causes, treat urgently without delay; delay leads to death. Gan Huoluan (Dry Huoluan) is even harder to treat. San Xiao (Three Consumptions) treatment focuses on nourishing Kidney, suppressing Heart Fire. Take many Tangyuan (rice balls) to raise Water and lower Fire, ending excessive thirst. Zhen Xin Tong (True Heart Pain) with cyanosis to joints is untreatable. Zhen Tou Tong (True Headache) penetrating Fengfu and entering Ninwan is not curable by medicine. Jin Chuang (Metal Wounds) treatment is detailed later; the skill in medication is admirable. For Gu Poison (Gu Toxin), burn broken drum skin to ash, take one bi with water; the patient will call the name of the Gu master, summon it, and it leaves, curing the disease.
Zhai Ji (Consumption Disease/TB): Once infected, if not deeply established, extract the worm first; otherwise, it damages Heart and Lung. Heart governs Blood, Lung governs Qi; humans rely on these roots for life. After extracting the worm, forget worldly worries, combine with moistening/nourishing food/herbs, and recovery is possible; late treatment is too late. For Nightmares, Childbirth, Hanging, Drowning, and other sudden collapses, memorize the following treatments and Obstetrics section beforehand; otherwise, panic ensues, and verification happens instantly. Otherwise, the world lacks good physicians, and half the deaths are wrongful.
Li Feng (Leprosy/Malignant Wind): At onset, vent and drain; as Wind-Toxin leaves, the disease improves. Long-term, live secluded in forests/springs, and externally seek taboo/warding methods to remove it.
There are Six Untreatable Conditions: 1. Arrogant and unreasonable; 2. Valuing wealth over health; 3. Unable to adapt clothing/food; 4. Yin and Yang mixed, Zang-Qi unstable; 5. Emaciated and unable to take medicine; 6. Trusting shamans instead of doctors. If vital signs remain, complexion unchanged, disease not deep in collaterals, timely acupuncture/medicine, proper care, and entrusting to a good physician ensures cure.
The Five Flavors treat Five Zang diseases: Liver-Sour, Heart-Bitter, Spleen-Sweet, Lung-Pungent, Kidney-Salty. Stop when they hit the target; excess causes Sour to enter Sinews, Salty to enter Blood, Pungent to enter Qi, Bitter to enter Bones, Sweet to enter Flesh, yielding no benefit. Examples: Lung-Dry Cough, chew Sesame, eat oil cakes; Malaria-Spleen-Cold, eat pickled carp, pickled melon. Chronic Cold Dysentery, pheasant, wontons, etc. Fruits/Vegetables can be used according to Cold/Heat to cure disease.
Processing methods involve Mutual Need (Xiang Xu), Mutual Combination (Xiang He), Mutual Opposition (Xiang Fan), Mutual Detraction (Xiang E). Mutual Need: Cinnamon becomes soft with Scallion. Mutual Combination: Magnetite attracts needles. Mutual Opposition: Kansui and Kytospongia oppose Licorice. Mutual Detraction: Realgar avoids Dragon Bone. Prescriptions have taboos; this is a summary. Using Licorice to mitigate Kansui's toxicity requires caution. Distinguish new/old herbs, select local origins, harvest times, assign Sovereign/Minister/Assistant/Courier roles, ensure accurate dosages, roast/fry/process meticulously. This is good treatment.
Those who rely on their own skills, refuse consultation, guess arbitrarily, treat Cold with Cold, Heat with Heat, and rashly prescribe to claim credit, may occasionally succeed by luck. But if they fail, they are condemned. "One bowl of medicine, mistakenly swallowed, tears five Zang apart; can life be restored? Beware!" Physicians are masters of life. Do not refuse calls due to distance or weather. At the patient's home, be respectful, avoid distractions. Dosage: Exterior sweating 4 parts, Vomiting/Purgation 1 part, max add 2. More tonics = better effect; others vary by syndrome. Clearly write instructions. If not cured, ask them to return; then disease heals and treatment has direction. I learned young, practiced long; the way of healing is here. (Ancient saying: To treat disease, trace the cause; life/death predestined, only then is one a physician. Respect this.)