口疮，服凉药不愈者，因中焦土虚，且不能食，相火冲上无制，用理中汤。人
、白术、甘草补土之虚，干姜散火之标。甚则加附子，或噙官桂，亦妙。一方，生白矾
末贴之，极效。或噙良久，以水漱之，再噙。一方，治口疮甚者，用西瓜浆水，徐徐饮之
。冬月无此，用西瓜皮烧灰敷之。又方，黄连好酒煮之，呷下立愈。又方，远志，醋研，鹅
毛扫患处，出涎。
入方
细辛 黄柏（炒，一云黄连，等分）
上为末。贴之，或掺舌上，吐涎水再敷，须旋合之。
治满口白烂
荜茇（一两，为末） 浓柏（一两）
上用柏，火炙为末，米醋煎数沸，后调上药。漱涎，再用白汤漱口即愈。重者三次。
舌上生疮 用白荷花瓣贴之。
〔附录〕口舌生疮，皆上焦热壅所致，宜如圣汤，或甘桔汤加黄芩一钱。仍用柳花散掺之
附方
黑参丸 治口舌生疮，久不愈。
黑参 天门冬 麦门冬（去心，各炒一两）
上为末，炼蜜丸如弹子大。每用一丸，绵裹噙化，咽津。
柳花散 治口舌生疮。
玄胡索（一两） 黄柏 黄连（各半两） 密陀僧（二钱） 青黛（二钱）
上为末。敷贴口内，有津即吐。
增损如圣汤
桔梗（二两） 甘草（炙，一两半） 防风（半两） 枳壳（汤浸去穣，二钱半）
上为末。每服三钱，水煎，食后服。
甘桔汤
桔梗（二两） 甘草（一两）
上水煎，食后温服。
理中汤 见中寒类。
牙痛，梧桐泪为末，少加麝香擦之。牙大痛，必用胡椒、荜茇，能散其中浮热。间以升
、寒水石，佐以辛凉，荆芥、薄荷、细辛之类。又方，用清凉药，便使痛不开，必须从治，
荜茇、川芎、薄荷、荆芥、细辛、樟脑、青盐。
治牙痛甚者。
防风 羌活 青盐（入肉） 细辛 荜茇 川椒
上为末。擦噙。
又方
南星为末，霜梅五个，取其引涎。以荆芥、薄荷散风热，青盐入肾入骨。擦噙。
又方
蒲公英（烧灰） 香附末 白芷 青盐
上为末。擦噙。
治阴虚牙出鲜血，气郁。
用四物汤加牛膝、香附、生甘草、侧柏。
蛀牙
芦荟、白胶香，寒蛀孔中。
阳明热而牙痛。
大黄、香附，各烧灰存性为末，入青盐少许，不时擦牙上。
固齿
用羊胫骨烧灰存性二钱，当归、白芷、猪牙皂角、青盐各一钱为末，擦牙上。
刷牙药
烧白羊骨灰一两，升麻一两，黄连半钱，擦用。
口疮，服用寒凉药物后不愈的，是因为中焦脾胃虚弱，且不能进食，导致相火（寄居于肝肾，具有温煦作用的阳气）上冲而无制约，应当使用理中汤。方中人参、白术、甘草用来补益脾胃之虚，干姜用来散除火热之标症。病情严重的可加用附子，或者含服官桂（肉桂），效果也很好。另一偏方，将生白矾研成末贴敷患处，效果极佳。或者含在口中良久，用水漱口后再含，反复进行。又一偏方，治疗严重的口疮，用西瓜汁水，慢慢饮用。冬季没有西瓜时，可用西瓜皮烧成灰敷于患处。又一方，用黄连好酒煮过，呷咽下去立刻痊愈。又一方，用远志醋研，用鹅毛扫拭患处，引出涎水。
入方：细辛、黄柏（炒制，一说用黄连，两者等分）。
以上药材研为细末。贴敷患处，或撒在舌上，吐出涎水后再敷，必须现配现用。
治疗满口白烂：
荜茇（一两，研为细末）、浓柏（一两，指黄柏）。
以上用黄柏，用火炙烤后研为细末，用米醋煎煮数沸，然后调拌上述药粉。先漱去涎水，再用温水漱口即可痊愈。重症者需三次。
〔附录〕口舌生疮，都是由于上焦热邪壅盛所致，适宜使用如圣汤，或在甘桔汤中加入一钱黄芩。同时用柳花散撒敷患处。
附方：
黑参丸：治疗口舌生疮，久治不愈。
黑参、天门冬、麦门冬（去心，各炒制一两）。
以上药材研为细末，炼蜜制成如弹子大小的丸剂。每次用一丸，用棉布包裹含化，吞咽津液。
柳花散：治疗口舌生疮。
玄胡索（一两）、黄柏、黄连（各半两）、密陀僧（二钱）、青黛（二钱）。
以上药材研为细末。敷贴于口内，有津液产生即吐出。
增损如圣汤：
桔梗（二两）、甘草（炙制，一两半）、防风（半两）、枳壳（热水浸泡去除瓤，二钱半）。
以上药材研为细末。每次服用三钱，水煎，饭后服用。
甘桔汤：
桔梗（二两）、甘草（一两）。
以上加水煎煮，饭后温服。
牙痛：梧桐泪（梧桐树分泌的树脂）研为细末，少加麝香擦涂患处。牙齿剧烈疼痛，必须用胡椒、荜茇，能散除其中浮游之热。间歇性使用升麻、寒水石，佐以辛凉药物，如荆芥、薄荷、细辛之类。又一方，使用清凉药物，如果使疼痛无法缓解，必须采用从治法（反治法），使用荜茇、川芎、薄荷、荆芥、细辛、樟脑、青盐。
治疗严重牙痛：
防风、羌活、青盐（入肉）、细辛、荜茇、川椒。
以上药材研为细末。擦涂并含漱。
又一方：
南星研为细末，霜梅五个，取其引涎作用。用荆芥、薄荷疏散风热，青盐入肾入骨。擦涂并含漱。
又一方：
蒲公英（烧成灰）、香附末、白芷、青盐。
以上药材研为细末。擦涂并含漱。
治疗阴虚导致的牙龈出血，兼有气郁：
使用四物汤加牛膝、香附、生甘草、侧柏。
阳明热盛而牙痛：
大黄、香附，各烧灰存性研为细末，加入少许青盐，不时擦涂牙齿上。
Mouth sores that do not heal after taking cooling medicines are due to deficiency of the middle jiao (middle burner) earth (spleen and stomach), inability to eat, and uncontrolled rising of ministerial fire (a physiological fire residing in the liver and kidney). Use Lizhong Tang. Ren Shen, Bai Zhu, and Gan Cao tonify the deficiency of the earth; Gan Jiang disperses the branch manifestation of fire. In severe cases, add Fu Zi, or hold Guan Gui (Cinnamon Twig) in the mouth, which is also excellent. Another prescription: apply raw Bai Fan (Alumen) powder to the affected area; it is extremely effective. Or hold it in the mouth for a long time, rinse with water, and repeat. Another prescription for severe mouth sores: drink Xi Gua Jiang Shui (Watermelon Juice Water) slowly. In winter when unavailable, burn Xi Gua Pi (Watermelon Rind) to ash and apply it. Another method: boil Huang Lian (Coptis Rhizome) in good wine, sip and swallow for immediate relief. Another method: use Yuan Zhi (Polygala Root) ground with vinegar, sweep the affected area with a goose feather to induce salivation.
Prescription for application: Xi Xin (Asarum Root) and Huang Bo (Phellodendron Bark) (stir-fried, some say use Huang Lian, equal parts).
Grind into powder. Apply to the site, or sprinkle on the tongue. Spit out saliva and reapply. Must be freshly prepared.
Treatment for generalized white ulceration of the mouth:
Bi Bo (Long Pepper Fruit) (1 liang, ground into powder) and Nong Bai (Huang Bo/Phellodendron Bark) (1 liang).
Roast the Huang Bo over fire, grind into powder, decoct with rice vinegar for a few boils, then mix with the above powder. Rinse out saliva first, then rinse with warm water to cure. Severe cases require three applications.
Sores on the tongue:
Apply petals of Bai He Hua (White Lotus Flower) to the affected area.
[Appendix] Mouth and tongue sores are all caused by heat congestion in the upper jiao (upper burner). Use Rusheng Tang, or Ganjie Tang added with 1 qian of Huang Qin (Scutellaria Root). Also apply Liuhua San (Willow Flower Powder) to the affected area.
Supplementary Prescriptions:
Heishen Wan (Black Ginseng Pill): Treats mouth and tongue sores that persist for a long time.
Hei Shen (Blackened Ren Shen/Ginseng), Tian Men Dong (Asparagus Tuber), Mai Men Dong (Ophiopogon Tuber) (remove heart, stir-fry each 1 liang).
Grind into powder, make pills with refined honey the size of a bullet. Take one pill per dose, wrap in cotton, hold in mouth to dissolve, and swallow saliva.
Liuhua San (Willow Flower Powder): Treats mouth and tongue sores.
Xuan Hu Suo (Corydalis Rhizome) (1 liang), Huang Bo (Phellodendron Bark), Huang Lian (Coptis Rhizome) (each 0.5 liang), Mi Tuo Seng (Lead Monoxide) (2 qian), Qing Dai (Indigo Naturalis) (2 qian).
Grind into powder. Apply inside the mouth. Spit out if saliva is produced.
Zengsun Rusheng Tang (Modified Rusheng Decoction):
Jie Geng (Platycodon Root) (2 liang), Gan Cao (Licorice Root) (roasted, 1.5 liang), Fang Feng (Saposhnikovia Root) (0.5 liang), Zhi Ke (Aurantium Fruit) (soaked in water, remove pith, 2.5 qian).
Grind into powder. Take 3 qian per dose, decoct in water, take after meals.
Ganjie Tang (Licorice and Platycodon Decoction):
Jie Geng (Platocodon Root) (2 liang), Gan Cao (Licorice Root) (1 liang).
Decoct in water, take warm after meals.
Lizhong Tang: See section on Cold Damage to the Middle Jiao.
Toothache: Use Wu Tong Lei (Wu Tong Resin) ground into powder, add a little She Xiang (Musk) and rub on the affected area. For severe toothache, Bi Bo (Long Pepper) and Hu Jiao (Pepper) must be used to disperse floating heat within. Intermittently use Sheng Ma (Cimicifuga Rhizome) and Han Shui Shi (Calcitum), assisted by acrid-cool herbs such as Jing Jie (Schizonepeta Spike), Bo He (Mint Herb), and Xi Xin (Asarum Root). Another method: if cooling medicines fail to relieve pain, use contrary treatment methods involving Bi Bo, Chuan Xiong (Ligusticum Rhizome), Bo He, Jing Jie, Xi Xin, Zhang Nao (Borneol), and Qing Yan (Rock Salt).
For severe toothache:
Fang Feng (Saposhnikovia Root), Qiang Huo (Notopterygium Rhizome), Qing Yan (Rock Salt) (penetrates flesh), Xi Xin (Asarum Root), Bi Bo (Long Pepper Fruit), Chuan Jiao (Sichuan Pepper).
Grind into powder. Rub and hold in mouth.
Another method:
Tian Nan Xing (Arisaema Rhizome) ground into powder, with five Shuang Mei (Frost-plums) to induce salivation. Use Jing Jie and Bo He to dispel wind-heat; Qing Yan enters the kidney and bone. Rub and hold in mouth.
Another method:
Pu Gong Ying (Dandelion) (burned to ash), Xiang Fu (Cyperus Rhizome) powder, Bai Zhi (Angelica Dahurica Root), Qing Yan (Rock Salt).
Grind into powder. Rub and hold in mouth.
For toothache with bleeding gums due to yin deficiency and qi stagnation:
Use Siwu Tang (Four Substances Decoction) added with Niu Xi (Achyranthes Root), Xiang Fu (Cyperus Rhizome), Sheng Gan Cao (Raw Licorice Root), and Ce Bai Ye (Biota Top Leaf).
Cavities (Tooth Decay):
Lu Hui (Aloe) and Bai Jiao Xiang (Elemi Resin), insert into cold cavities.
Yangming Heat causing toothache:
Da Huang (Rhubarb Root) and Xiang Fu (Cyperus Rhizome), each burned to ash retaining nature, ground into powder. Add a little Qing Yan (Rock Salt), rub on teeth occasionally.
Teeth Strengthening:
Burn Yang Jing Gu (Sheep Tibia Bone) to ash retaining nature (2 qian), Dang Gui (Angelica Sinensis Root), Bai Zhi (Angelica Dahurica Root), Zhu Ya Zao Jiao (Tofu Tree Pod), and Qing Yan (Rock Salt) (each 1 qian), grind into powder, rub on teeth.
Toothpaste:
Burned White Sheep Bone Ash (1 liang), Sheng Ma (Cimicifuga Rhizome) (1 liang), Huang Lian (Coptis Rhizome) (0.5 qian), rub and use.