循衣摸床（仲景云。伤寒吐下后不解。不大便五六日至十余日。发潮热。不识人。
循衣妄撮。微喘。直视。脉弦者生。涩者死。华佗曰。病患循衣缝。谵语者。不可治。
仲景云。小便利者可治。）
瞪目直视（仲景云。直视摇头。此为心绝。又云。狂言反目直视。肾绝也。）
汗出如油（仲景云。脉浮而洪。身汗如油。喘而不休。此为命绝也。）
两手撮空（仲景云。吐下不解。大便不利。潮热。摸床撮空。皆宜大承气。服后脉
弦者生。涩者死。华佗云。阴阳俱绝。掣衣撮空妄言者。死也。）
喑哑不言（ 病者。如发痫之状。喑哑不言。千金方。热病七八日。其脉不软不散。
当喑哑三四日。汗不出者。死也。）
舌卷囊缩（仲景云。厥阴受病。则舌卷。烦满。而囊缩。扁鹊云。舌卷囊缩者。必
死。千金云。阴阳病。卵肿。缩腹中。舌出数寸而死。）
鼻中煤烟（宋迪阴证诀云。阴毒渐深。则鼻中黑如煤烟。）
指甲黑青（宋迪阴证诀云。阴毒甚。则指甲黑青。扁鹊云。手足爪甲下肉黑者死。）
目盲见鬼（难经云。脱阳者见鬼。脱阴者目盲。）
九窍出血（仲景云。少阴病强发汗。必动血。或从口鼻耳目。是谓下厥上竭。为难治。）
环口黧色（仲景云。环口黧色。柔汗发黄。此为脾绝也。）
转筋入腹（霍乱证。转筋入腹者。鸡矢白汤主之。）
吃噫哕 （仲景云。寸口脉微而涩。根叶枯槁而寒栗。咳逆。唾。呕吐涎沫也。又云脉滑则为哕。
仲景伤寒咳逆上气。其脉散者死。谓其形拍故也。）
膈肉拒痛（仲景云。膈肉拒痛。胃中空虚。心下因硬。则为结胸。此陷胸证也。）
发黄胆热（万全云。阳明病。瘀热在里。必发黄。凡发黄。寸口无脉。鼻气冷。皆不可治。）
咽干声嗄（狐惑。湿 证也。狐则咽干。惑则声嗄。）
口噤（仲景云。 。面赤。目脉赤。摇头。卒口噤。背反张者。 病也。又风温被
火炙。如惊痫 。万全云。伤寒 者。由肺热转于肾。转而为痉也。）
筋惕肉 （仲景云。脉微弱。汗出恶风。误服大青龙汤。令人筋惕肉 。伤寒吐下后。心下逆满。发汗则
动经。身为振摇。）
叉手冒心（仲景云。发汗过多。其人叉手自冒心。心下悸。欲得按者。桂枝甘草汤。仲景云。持脉时。
病患叉手自冒心。所以然者。以重发汗虚。故如此。）
发斑瘾疹（阳毒。面赤发斑如锦文者。升麻汤。仲景云。风气相搏。则为瘾疹。身体为痒痒者。名泄风。）
癫狂不定（难经云。重阳者狂。重阴者癫。仲景云。太阳病热膀胱。其人如狂者。桃核
承气汤。小便利。其人如狂。血证谛也。）
耳聋胁痛（仲景云。少阳受病。胸胁痛而耳聋。仲景云。持脉时。其人叉手自冒心。师因教令咳而不咳。必两
耳无闻也。所以然者。以重发汗虚。故如此。）
上气喘急（太阳阳明皆有喘证或水停心下。亦喘。阴证喘者。必喘而加急。）
小腹硬满（小腹硬满。小便不利者。膀胱有客热也。小腹硬满。小便利者。血证也。）
唾脓咯血（仲景云。脉浮热甚。而反灸之必咽躁咯血。仲景云。吐血不止柏叶汤。）
上吐下利（仲景云。发热恶寒。而复吐利者霍乱也。）
二便不通（少阴。小便不利者。真武汤。阳明大便不利者。承气汤。）
振振欲擗她（仲景云。太阳病发汗。汗出不解。其人仍发热。心下悸。头眩身 动。
欲振振擗地者。真武汤。）
遗尿失溺（仲景云。溲便遗失。狂言反目直视。肾绝也。风温证。下之则直视失溲。）
扬手掷足（太阳中风。以火劫。则手足躁扰。又云。六七日。三部脉至大。手足躁扰者。欲解也。）
谵语郑声（仲景云。实则谵语。虚则郑声。郑声者。重语也。直视谵话。而喘满者死。）
心下痞靳（仲景云。病发于阴。而下之早。则为痞。）
心中懊 （仲景云。心中懊 。栀子汤主之。）
舌上滑苔（仲景云。湿家。舌上滑苔者。丹田有热。胸中有寒。又云。藏结滑苔者。
不可攻也。又云。阳明证。懊 。舌上滑苔者。栀子汤。）
脚挛啮齿（风痹热证。属阳也。承气汤主之。）
脐上下筑动（发汗后。脐下悸者。欲作奔豚。）
项强KT KT （太阳病项背强KT KT 。反汗出恶寒者。桂枝汤无汗者。葛根汤也。）
气上冲胸（太阳病。下之后。其气上冲者。与桂枝汤。）
外气怫郁（二阳并病。小发汗。面色缘缘正赤者。阳气怫郁。当解之薰之。怫音拂。）
脚膝挛拳（伤寒脉浮。自汗出。恶寒。脚挛急。反与桂枝汤。此误也。）
大便黑坚（阳明证。其人喜忘。必有蓄血。所以然者。本以久瘀血。屎须硬。大便反
易。其色黑。）
手足逆冷（有热厥。有冷厥。冷厥者求得病便四肢冷。热厥者。手足虽冷。半日复热也。）
漱水不咽（阳明。但欲漱水不咽者。必衄。又湿家。丹田有热。胸中有寒。渴欲得水而不能饮。口燥烦也。）
额上冷汗（湿家。额上汗出微喘。阴证。亦额上手背皆有冷汗。）
烦躁发渴（太阳。大汗出后。大烦。渴不解。宜白虎加人参汤。）
肉上粟起（太阳病。宜以汗解。反以冷水HT 其热。却不得法。弥更益烦。肉上粟起。）
咽喉干痛（伤寒。脉浮。咽中干。痛。而吐逆者。甘草半夏汤主之。又云。少阴证者。必咽痛。）
多眠好睡（此证大约有四。少阴狐惑。风温及小柴胡证。）
夜不得眠（此证大约有六。具在歌中）
心下悸动（伤寒脉结代。心下悸动者。炙甘草汤主之。）
腹中雷鸣（仲景云。寒气相搏。则为雷鸣。心下痞硬。胁下有水气。腹中雷鸣者。生姜泻心汤证。）
下利溏垢（寒则鸣溏。热则垢腻。）
潮热不常（仲景云。潮热者实也。大抵潮热有三证。具在歌中。）
寒热往来（此证有三。一者中风证。小柴胡汤。二者热入血室证。刺期门。三者状如温疟。黄龙汤证。）
身体肿满（风湿证。身微肿者。甘草附子汤。）
郁冒不仁（仲景云。寒则为厥。郁冒不仁。）
额上脉陷（衄家不可发汗。发汗则额上脉陷。脉紧急。直视不得 。不得眠。 胡绢切。目摇也。）
身重难转（风湿有搏。桂枝。加白术证。三阳合病。白虎加人参。柴胡加牡蛎龙骨证。）
鼻中衄血（阳明病。口燥。但欲嗽水不咽者。必衄。衄家不可发汗。宜小干地黄汤。）
手背冷汗（宋迪云。额上手背有冷汗者。除毒也。）
下利脓血（仲景云。少阴下利便脓血者。桃花汤主之。）
吐逆不止（吐有冷热二证。有胃热吐者。有胃冷吐者。）
面垢背寒（中 。则面垢背寒。）
腹胀满闷（发汗后。腹胀满者。浓朴五物汤。下后。心烦腹满。卧起不安者。栀子浓
朴汤。又云。不转失气而下之。必腹满。）
咳嗽涎盛（或上焦有热。或水停心下皆嗽。）
头疼恶心（头疼恶心。身不疼痛者。食积也。身疼痛者。伤寒也。）
干噫食臭（胃中不利。心下痞硬。干
噫食臭。胁下有水气者。生姜泻心汤。无水者食积也。）
身痒如虫行（阳明病。当汗而反无汗。其身如虫行皮中之状。为其久虚故也。）
鼻鸣干呕（太阳中风证。鼻鸣干呕者。桂枝汤主之。太阳阳明合病。鼻鸣干呕者。葛根汤主之。）
洒淅憎寒（仲景云。阴气上入阳中。则洒淅恶寒也。）
腰脊疼痛（仲景云。一二日太阳受病。则头项痛。腰脊强。）
腹胁时痛（仲景云。伤寒五六日。中风。或腹中痛。或胁下痞硬者。小柴胡证。又腹中痛。小建中汤。
胁下痛。十枣汤。）
浑身壮热（仲景云。阳明受病。则身热目痛。鼻干不得卧。又太阳中风与伤寒皆发热。）
以上七十二证。或必死。或可治。浅深虽不同。要之对证用药。斯过半矣。
循衣摸床（张仲景说：伤寒经过催吐或泻下治疗后，病邪仍未解除。大便不通五至十天甚至更久，出现定时发热，神志不清，胡言乱语，手不自觉地抚摸衣物、胡乱抓取，气息微弱急促，两眼直视不动。若脉象弦长表示有生机，脉象涩滞则预后不良。华佗说：病人手指沿衣缝摸索，伴有胡言乱语的，属于不可治愈的危证。张仲景又说：如果小便通畅的，还可以治疗。）
瞪目直视（张仲景说：两眼直视且摇头，这是心气绝的表现。他又说：胡言乱语且眼球固定直视，这是肾气绝的表现。）
汗出如油（张仲景说：脉象浮大洪盛，身体出汗像油一样黏腻，气喘不停息，这是命门之火绝灭的表现。）
两手撮空（张仲景说：经过催吐或泻下后病不解，大便不通畅，定时发热，手摸床铺、向空中抓握，都适宜用大承气汤。服药后若脉象弦长表示有生机，脉象涩滞则预后不良。华佗说：阴阳之气俱绝，拉扯衣服、向空中抓握并胡言乱语的，是死证。）
喑哑不言（病人发作时像癫痫的样子，声音嘶哑不能说话。《千金方》记载：热病七八天，脉象既不软弱也不散漫，应当出现三四天的失音症状，如果此时无汗出的，是死证。）
舌卷囊缩（张仲景说：厥阴经受邪，会出现舌头卷曲，心烦胸满，以及阴囊收缩。扁鹊说：舌头卷曲、阴囊收缩的，必定死亡。《千金方》说：阴阳病变，睾丸肿胀，腹部收缩，舌头伸出数寸长的，会死亡。）
鼻中煤烟（宋迪《阴证诀》说：阴毒之邪逐渐加深，鼻孔中会出现黑色如烟煤一样的分泌物。）
指甲黑青（宋迪《阴证诀》说：阴毒严重，指甲会变成黑色带青色。扁鹊说：手足指甲下的肌肉发黑的，是死证。）
目盲见鬼（《难经》说：阳气脱失的人会看见鬼怪，阴气脱失的人会失明。）
九窍出血（张仲景说：少阴病强行发汗，必然导致动血，血液可能从口、鼻、耳、目中流出，这叫做“下厥上竭”，属于难治之证。）
环口黧色（张仲景说：口周颜色暗黑发黄，伴有冷汗淋漓，这是脾气绝灭的表现。）
转筋入腹（霍乱病症中，如果出现小腿抽筋并向腹部牵引的，用鸡矢白汤主治。）
吃噫哕 （张仲景说：寸口脉微而涩，如同根叶枯槁并伴有寒战，咳嗽气逆，呕吐涎沫。他又说：脉滑主哕（呃逆）。张仲景论伤寒咳嗽气逆，如果脉象散乱的，是死证，这是因为形体衰败的缘故。）
膈肉拒痛（张仲景说：胸膈部位肌肉僵硬疼痛，是因为胃中空虚，心下部因此变硬，这就形成了结胸证，属于陷胸汤证的范畴。）
发黄胆热（王执中《三因方》说：阳明病，瘀热郁结在体内，一定会发黄。凡是发黄的病人，如果寸口无脉，鼻气寒冷，都属于不可治愈的危证。）
咽干声嗄（狐惑病，属于湿证。狐惑病中，“狐”表现为咽干，“惑”表现为声音嘶哑。）
口噤（张仲景说：面红，眼结膜充血，摇头，突然牙关紧闭，角弓反张的，是痉病。另外，风温病被火灸逼迫，症状像惊痫一样。王执中说：伤寒转为痉病，是由肺热传于肾，转化而成的。）
筋惕肉 （张仲景说：脉象微弱，出汗怕风，误服大青龙汤，会导致筋肉跳动。伤寒经过催吐或泻下后，心下部胀满逆气，如果再发汗就会扰动经络，导致身体震颤摇晃。）
叉手冒心（张仲景说：发汗过多，病人双手交叉按在心胸部，心下部悸动，喜欢按压的，用桂枝甘草汤治疗。张仲景说：诊脉时，病人双手交叉按在心胸部，之所以这样，是因为再次重发汗导致心气虚弱，所以如此。）
发斑瘾疹（阳毒病，面部发红，身上发出像锦绣花纹一样的斑疹，用升麻汤治疗。张仲景说：风邪与热气相互搏结，就会形成瘾疹，身体瘙痒的，名叫泄风。）
癫狂不定（《难经》说：重阳气的会发狂，重阴气的会发癫。张仲景说：太阳病热邪陷入膀胱，病人像要发狂的样子，用桃核承气汤治疗。如果小便通畅，病人像要发狂，这是蓄血证的确凿证据。）
耳聋胁痛（张仲景说：少阳经受邪，会出现胸胁疼痛和耳聋。张仲景说：诊脉时，如果病人双手交叉按在心胸部，医生教他咳嗽他却咳不出来，那么他的两耳一定听不见声音。之所以这样，是因为重发汗导致正气虚弱，所以如此。）
上气喘急（太阳病和阳明病都有喘证，或者水饮停聚在心下部也会引起喘息。阴证引起的喘息，一定是喘息加重且急促。）
小腹硬满（小腹部坚硬胀满，小便不利的，是膀胱有客热。小腹部坚硬胀满，小便通畅的，是蓄血证。）
唾脓咯血（张仲景说：脉象浮且热势很盛，反而用灸法，必然导致咽喉干燥、咯血。张仲景说：吐血不止的，用柏叶汤治疗。）
上吐下利（张仲景说：发热恶寒，并且又吐又利的，是霍乱病。）
二便不通（少阴病，小便不利的，用真武汤治疗。阳明病，大便不利的，用承气汤治疗。）
振振欲擗地（张仲景说：太阳病发汗后，汗出后病仍不解，病人仍然发热，心下部悸动，头晕眼花，身体颤动，想要剧烈震动倒地挣扎的，用真武汤治疗。）
遗尿失溺（张仲景说：大小便失禁，胡言乱语且眼球固定直视，这是肾气绝灭的表现。风温病证，如果用攻下法，会导致直视和尿失禁。）
扬手掷足（太阳中风证，如果用火法劫迫汗出，则手足躁动不安。他又说：六七天，三部脉象都很大，手足躁动不安的，是病情将要解除的表现。）
谵语郑声（张仲景说：实证会胡言乱语（谵语），虚证会语言重复（郑声）。郑声，就是反复说同一句话。两眼直视、胡言乱语且气喘胸满的，是死证。）
心下痞靳（张仲景说：病发于阴证，过早使用攻下法，就会形成痞证。）
心中懊 （张仲景说：心中烦闷懊恼的，用栀子豉汤主治。）
舌上滑苔（张仲景说：患有湿病的病人，舌上有滑苔，说明丹田有热，胸中有寒。他又说：脏结证且有滑苔的，不可攻下。他又说：阳明病证，心中懊恼，舌上有滑苔的，用栀子豉汤治疗。）
脚挛啮齿（风痹热证，属于阳证。用承气汤主治。）
脐上下筑动（发汗后，脐下悸动的，是快要发作奔豚病的前兆。）
项强KT KT （太阳病，项背部僵硬拘急不舒，如果反而出汗怕冷的，用桂枝汤；不出汗的，用葛根汤。）
气上冲胸（太阳病，经过攻下之后，如果气机上冲胸部的，给予桂枝汤治疗。）
外气怫郁（两阳合病，轻微发汗后，面色持续通红，这是阳气怫郁在表，应当用解表熏蒸的方法治疗。“怫”音同“拂”。）
脚膝挛拳（伤寒脉象浮，自汗出，怕冷，脚部抽筋拘挛，如果反而给予桂枝汤，这是误治。）
大便黑坚（阳明病证，病人容易健忘，必定有蓄血。之所以这样，是因为原本就有久瘀血，大便虽然需要变硬，但反而容易排出，颜色发黑。）
手足逆冷（有热厥，有冷厥。冷厥是指一得病四肢就冰冷；热厥是指手脚虽然冷，但半天后又变热。）
漱水不咽（阳明病，只想含水漱口但不想咽下的，必定会发生鼻衄。另外湿病患者，丹田有热，胸中有寒，口渴想喝水但不能喝，口干烦躁。）
额上冷汗（湿病患者，额头出汗且微喘，属于阴证，也会出现手背有冷汗的情况。）
烦躁发渴（太阳病，大汗出后，极度烦躁，口渴不能缓解的，适宜用白虎加人参汤。）
肉上粟起（太阳病，本应用汗法解表，反而用冷水浇泼来退热，方法不当，反而更加烦躁，皮肤上出现鸡皮疙瘩。）
咽喉干痛（伤寒，脉象浮，咽喉干燥疼痛，并且呕吐逆气的，用甘草半夏汤主治。他又说：少阴病证，必定会有咽痛。）
多眠好睡（这个症状大约有四种情况：少阴病、狐惑病、风温病及小柴胡汤证。）
夜不得眠（这个症状大约有六种情况，具体都在歌诀中。）
心下悸动（伤寒脉象结代，心下部悸动的，用炙甘草汤主治。）
腹中雷鸣（张仲景说：寒气相互搏结，就会产生肠鸣如雷的声音，心下部痞塞坚硬，胁下有水气，腹中雷鸣的，是生姜泻心汤证。）
下利溏垢（寒性腹泻是大便稀薄，热性腹泻是大便秽浊黏腻。）
潮热不常（张仲景说：潮热属于实证。大抵潮热有三种证型，具体都在歌诀中。）
寒热往来（这个症状有三种情况：一是中风证，用小柴胡汤；二是热入血室证，针刺期门穴；三是症状像温疟，用黄龙汤证。）
身体肿满（风湿证，身体微微浮肿的，用甘草附子汤治疗。）
郁冒不仁（张仲景说：寒邪凝滞会导致厥逆，郁冒且肢体麻木不仁。）
额上脉陷（经常流鼻血的人不可发汗，发汗则会导致额头上血脉凹陷，脉象紧急，两眼直视不能转动，无法入睡。“ ”音同“绢”切，意为眼睛摇动。）
身重难转（风湿相搏，用桂枝加白术汤证；三阳合病，用白虎加人参汤、柴胡加牡蛎龙骨汤证。）
鼻中衄血（阳明病，口干燥，只想含水漱口而不咽下的，必定会发生鼻衄。经常流鼻血的人不可发汗，宜用小干地黄汤。）
手背冷汗（宋迪说：额头和手背有冷汗的，是毒气除去的征象。）
下利脓血（张仲景说：少阴病腹泻，大便带有脓血的，用桃花汤主治。）
吐逆不止（呕吐分为寒证和热证两种。有胃热呕吐，有胃冷呕吐。）
面垢背寒（中湿证，会出现面部油腻污垢、背部发冷的症状。）
腹胀满闷（发汗后，出现腹胀满的，用厚朴生姜半夏甘草人参汤；攻下后，心烦腹满，躺卧起坐不安的，用栀子厚朴汤。他又说：如果不放屁却误用攻下法，必然导致腹满。）
咳嗽涎盛（或者是上焦有热，或者是水饮停聚在心下部，都会引起咳嗽。）
头疼恶心（头痛恶心，身体没有疼痛感的，是食积；身体疼痛的，是伤寒。）
干噫食臭（胃气不利，心下部痞塞坚硬，干呕伴有食物腐臭味，胁下有水气的，用生姜泻心汤；没有水气的则是食积。）
身痒如虫行（阳明病，本该出汗却反而无汗，身体像虫子在皮肤里爬行一样瘙痒，这是因为长期体虚的缘故。）
鼻鸣干呕（太阳中风证，鼻塞有声、干呕的，用桂枝汤主治。太阳阳明合病，鼻塞有声、干呕的，用葛根汤主治。）
洒淅憎寒（张仲景说：阴气侵入阳分，就会出现瑟瑟发抖、怕冷的症状。）
腰脊疼痛（张仲景说：发病一二天，太阳经受邪，会出现头项疼痛，腰脊僵硬。）
腹胁时痛（张仲景说：伤寒五六天，中风，或者腹痛，或者胁下痞塞硬满的，是小柴胡汤证。另外腹痛的，用小建中汤；胁下痛的，用十枣汤。）
浑身壮热（张仲景说：阳明经受邪，会出现全身发热、目痛、鼻干、无法安卧。另外太阳中风和伤寒都会发热。）
以上七十二种证候，有的必定死亡，有的可以治愈。虽然病情深浅不同，但关键在于对症用药，这样就能掌握大半了。
Palpating Clothes and Grabbing at Empty Air (Zhang Zhongjing stated: After emesis or purgation in Shanghan, the pathogen remains unresolved. Constipation persists for five to ten days or more, accompanied by tidal fever, loss of consciousness, delirium, involuntary palpation of clothes, random grabbing movements, slight panting, and fixed staring gaze. A wiry pulse indicates survival; a choppy pulse indicates death. Hua Tuo stated: Patients who trace the seams of their garments while speaking deliriously are incurable. Zhang Zhongjing further noted: If urination is clear and profuse, the condition is treatable.)
Staring Gaze with Wide Eyes (Zhang Zhongjing stated: Fixed staring gaze accompanied by head shaking indicates Heart Qi exhaustion. He also stated: Delirious speech combined with fixed staring gaze indicates Kidney Qi exhaustion.)
Sweat Like Oil (Zhang Zhongjing stated: A floating and surging pulse, sweat resembling oil on the body, and incessant panting indicate the exhaustion of Life Gate Fire.)
Grabbing at Empty Air with Both Hands (Zhang Zhongjing stated: Unresolved condition after emesis or purgation, unsmooth bowel movements, tidal fever, touching the bed, and grabbing at empty air all indicate the suitability of Da Cheng Qi Tang. A wiry pulse after medication indicates survival; a choppy pulse indicates death. Hua Tuo stated: Exhaustion of both Yin and Yang Qi, pulling at clothes, grabbing at empty air, and delirious speech constitute a fatal syndrome.)
Aphonia and Inability to Speak (The patient presents with symptoms similar to epilepsy, characterized by aphonia and inability to speak. The *Qianjin Fang* records: In febrile diseases lasting seven to eight days, if the pulse is neither soft nor scattered, aphonia should occur for three to four days; if anhidrosis persists, it is fatal.)
Tongue Curling and Scrotal Contraction (Zhang Zhongjing stated: When the Jueyin channel is affected, the tongue curls, accompanied by vexation and chest fullness, and scrotal contraction. Bian Que stated: Tongue curling and scrotal contraction invariably lead to death. The *Qianjin Fang* stated: In Yin-Yang pathological conditions, testicular swelling, abdominal retraction, and tongue protrusion several inches result in death.)
Coal-Soot in the Nose (Song Di's *Yin Zheng Jue* stated: As Yin toxicity deepens, black discharge resembling coal soot appears in the nose.)
Blackish-Blue Nails (Song Di's *Yin Zheng Jue* stated: Severe Yin toxicity causes nails to turn blackish-blue. Bian Que stated: Black flesh under the fingernails and toenails indicates death.)
Blindness and Hallucinations (The *Nan Jing* stated: Depletion of Yang Qi leads to seeing ghosts; depletion of Yin Qi leads to blindness.)
Bleeding from Nine Orifices (Zhang Zhongjing stated: Indiscriminate sweating in Shaoyin disease inevitably disturbs the blood, causing bleeding from the mouth, nose, ears, or eyes. This is termed "Lower Jue and Upper Exhaustion" and is difficult to treat.)
Darkening Around the Mouth (Zhang Zhongjing stated: Dark yellow discoloration around the mouth accompanied by soft sweat indicates Spleen Qi exhaustion.)
Tendon Twitching Entering the Abdomen (In Huoluan syndromes, tendon twitching extending into the abdomen is treated primarily with Ji Shi Bai Tang.)
Belching and Hiccups (Zhang Zhongjing stated: A faint and choppy Cun Kou pulse, resembling withered roots and leaves accompanied by chills, cough, regurgitation, and vomiting of saliva. He also stated: A slippery pulse indicates hiccups. Regarding Shanghan with cough and rebellious Qi, a scattered pulse indicates death due to physical deterioration.)
Chest Wall Rejection Pain (Zhang Zhongjing stated: Stiffness and pain in the chest wall muscles, caused by an empty stomach leading to hardness below the heart, constitutes Jie Xiong (Knotted Chest) syndrome, specifically the Xian Xiong (Sunken Chest) pattern.)
Jaundice and Gallbladder Heat (Wan Quan stated: In Yangming disease, stagnant heat trapped inside inevitably causes jaundice. For any jaundice, absence of a pulse at the Cun Kou and cold nasal breath indicate an incurable condition.)
Dry Throat and Hoarse Voice (Hu Huo disease belongs to Dampness syndromes. "Hu" manifests as dry throat; "Huo" manifests as hoarse voice.)
Jaw Lock (Zhang Zhongjing stated: Red face, red eye vessels, head shaking, sudden jaw lock, and opisthotonos characterize Jing disease. Additionally, Feng Wen disease subjected to fire moxibustion resembles convulsive epilepsy. Wan Quan stated: Shanghan transforming into Jing disease results from Lung heat transferring to the Kidney.)
Muscle Tremors and Twitching (Zhang Zhongjing stated: A faint pulse, sweating, and aversion to wind following the erroneous administration of Da Qing Long Tang cause muscle tremors. After emesis or purgation in Shanghan, if fullness and rebellion persist below the heart, subsequent sweating will disturb the meridians, causing bodily trembling.)
Crossing Hands over the Heart (Zhang Zhongjing stated: Excessive sweating leads the patient to cross hands over the heart area, experiencing palpitations below the heart that desire pressure, treated with Gui Zhi Gan Cao Tang. Zhang Zhongjing noted: During pulse diagnosis, if the patient crosses hands over the heart, it is because heavy sweating has depleted Qi.)
Eruption of Macules and Urticaria (Yang Du disease, characterized by a red face and macules like brocade patterns, is treated with Sheng Ma Tang. Zhang Zhongjing stated: Struggle between Wind and Heat forms urticaria; bodily itching is named Xie Feng.)
Unstable Epilepsy and Mania (The *Nan Jing* stated: Excess Yang leads to mania; excess Yin leads to epilepsy. Zhang Zhongjing stated: In Taiyang disease with heat in the Bladder, patients appear manic, treated with Tao He Cheng Qi Tang. If urination is smooth and the patient appears manic, this confirms Blood Stasis syndrome.)
Deafness and Hypochondriac Pain (Zhang Zhongjing stated: Shaoyang channel involvement causes hypochondriac pain and deafness. Zhang Zhongjing also stated: During pulse diagnosis, if the patient crosses hands over the heart, cannot cough when instructed, and becomes completely deaf, it is due to Qi depletion from heavy sweating.)
Upper Asthma and Rapid Breathing (Both Taiyang and Yangming present with asthma syndromes; fluid retention below the heart also causes asthma. In Yin syndromes, asthma is necessarily rapid and urgent.)
Hardness and Fullness of the Lower Abdomen (Hardness and fullness of the lower abdomen with difficulty urinating indicates Guest Heat in the Bladder. Hardness and fullness with smooth urination indicates Blood Stasis syndrome.)
Expectoration of Pus and Hemoptysis (Zhang Zhongjing stated: A floating pulse with intense heat, if mistakenly treated with moxibustion, causes throat dryness and hemoptysis. Zhang Zhongjing stated: Unremitting hematemesis is treated with Bai Ye Tang.)
Upper Vomiting and Lower Diarrhea (Zhang Zhongjing stated: Fever, aversion to cold, accompanied by vomiting and diarrhea, constitutes Huoluan disease.)
Obstruction of Urine and Feces (Shaoyin disease with difficulty urinating is treated with Zhen Wu Tang. Yangming disease with difficulty defecating is treated with Cheng Qi Tang.)
Trembling Desire to Fall (Zhang Zhongjing stated: After sweating in Taiyang disease, if the illness persists with fever, palpitations, vertigo, bodily movement, and a trembling desire to fall violently, Zhen Wu Tang is indicated.)
Enuresis and Incontinence (Zhang Zhongjing stated: Incontinence of urine and feces, delirious speech, and fixed staring gaze indicate Kidney Qi exhaustion. In Feng Wen syndrome, purgation leads to fixed gaze and urinary incontinence.)
Flailing Hands and Kicking Feet (In Taiyang Wind Strike, coercive sweating via fire methods causes restlessness of hands and feet. He also stated: On the sixth or seventh day, if the pulses at the three positions are large and hands/feet are restless, it indicates impending resolution.)
Delirium and Feeble Speech (Zhang Zhongjing stated: Excess conditions cause delirium (Zhen Yu); deficiency conditions cause feeble speech (Zheng Sheng). Zheng Sheng involves repetitive speech. Fixed gaze, delirium, panting, and chest fullness indicate death.)
Epigastric Oppression (Zhang Zhongjing stated: Disease originating in Yin syndromes, treated prematurely with purgation, results in Pi (Oppression) syndrome.)
Vexation and Restlessness (Zhang Zhongjing stated: Vexation and restlessness in the heart region are treated with Zhi Zi Chi Tang.)
Slippery Coating on Tongue (Zhang Zhongjing stated: In dampness patients, a slippery coating on the tongue indicates Heat in the Dan Tian and Cold in the Chest. He also stated: Zang Jie with a slippery coating cannot be attacked with purgatives. He further stated: Yangming syndrome with vexation and a slippery tongue coating is treated with Zhi Zi Chi Tang.)
Leg Cramping and Teeth Grinding (Wind-Bi Heat syndrome belongs to Yang. It is treated with Cheng Qi Tang.)
Pulsation Above and Below the Umbilicus (After sweating, palpitations below the umbilicus indicate impending Ben Tun (Rushing Pig) disease.)
Stiff Neck and Back (In Taiyang disease, stiffness and tension in the neck and back with sweating and aversion to cold are treated with Gui Zhi Tang; without sweating, Ge Gen Tang is used.)
Qi Rushing to the Chest (In Taiyang disease, after purgation, if Qi rushes upward to the chest, Gui Zhi Tang is administered.)
External Qi Stagnation (In concurrent Taiyang and Yangming diseases, after mild sweating, persistent facial redness indicates Yang Qi stagnation, requiring release through fumigation. "Fu" sounds like "Fu".)
Cramped Legs and Knees (Shanghan with a floating pulse, spontaneous sweating, aversion to cold, and leg cramps should not be treated with Gui Zhi Tang; doing so is an error.)
Black and Hard Stool (In Yangming syndrome, forgetfulness indicates Blood Stasis. Due to long-standing blood stasis, although stool tends to harden, it passes easily and appears black.)
Cold Extremities (There are Heat Jue and Cold Jue. Cold Jue presents with cold limbs immediately upon onset. Heat Jue presents with cold hands and feet that warm up after half a day.)
Rinsing Water Without Swallowing (In Yangming disease, desire to rinse water in the mouth without swallowing indicates impending epistaxis. In dampness patients, Heat in the Dan Tian and Cold in the chest cause thirst for water but inability to drink, resulting in dry mouth and vexation.)
Cold Sweat on Forehead (Dampness patients may have forehead sweating with slight panting; Yin syndromes also present with cold sweat on the forehead and back of hands.)
Vexation, Irritability, and Thirst (After profuse sweating in Taiyang disease, severe vexation and unremitting thirst are treated with Bai Hu Jia Ren Shen Tang.)
Goosebumps on Skin (In Taiyang disease, if cold water is incorrectly applied to reduce heat instead of inducing sweat, vexation increases, and goosebumps appear on the skin.)
Dry and Painful Throat (Shanghan with a floating pulse, dry and painful throat, and vomiting are treated with Gan Cao Ban Xia Tang. He also stated: Shaoyin syndromes necessarily involve sore throat.)
Excessive Sleepiness (This symptom generally has four types: Shaoyin disease, Hu Huo disease, Feng Wen disease, and Xiao Chai Hu Tang syndrome.)
Inability to Sleep at Night (This symptom generally has six types, detailed in the verse.)
Palpitations Below the Heart (Shanghan with knotted or intermittent pulse and palpitations below the heart are treated with Zhi Gan Cao Tang.)
Borborygmus in Abdomen (Zhang Zhongjing stated: Contention of Cold Qi causes borborygmus. Epigastric oppression, fluid retention in the hypochondrium, and abdominal rumbling indicate Sheng Jiang Xie Xin Tang syndrome.)
Loose and Greasy Diarrhea (Cold diarrhea presents as loose stools; Heat diarrhea presents as greasy, foul-smelling stools.)
Irregular Tidal Fever (Zhang Zhongjing stated: Tidal fever indicates Excess. Generally, there are three types of tidal fever, detailed in the verse.)
Alternating Chills and Fever (This symptom has three types: 1. Wind Strike syndrome, treated with Xiao Chai Hu Tang; 2. Heat entering the Blood Chamber, treated by puncturing Qi Men; 3. Symptoms resembling Warm Malaria, treated with Huang Long Tang.)
Generalized Edema and Fullness (Wind-Damp syndrome with slight edema is treated with Gan Cao Fu Zi Tang.)
Depression, Vertigo, and Numbness (Zhang Zhongjing stated: Cold leads to Jue, depression, vertigo, and numbness.)
Depressed Veins on Forehead (Patients prone to epistaxis should not be sweated; sweating causes depressed veins on the forehead, tight pulse, fixed gaze unable to move, and insomnia. " " is pronounced like "Juan", meaning eye trembling.)
Heavy Body and Difficulty Turning (Wind-Damp contention is treated with Gui Zhi Jia Bai Zhu Tang; concurrent Three Yang diseases are treated with Bai Hu Jia Ren Shen Tang or Chai Hu Jia Mu Li Long Gu Tang.)
Epistaxis (Yangming disease with dry mouth, desire to rinse water without swallowing, indicates impending epistaxis. Patients prone to epistaxis should not be sweated; Xiao Gan Di Huang Tang is suitable.)
Cold Sweat on Back of Hands (Song Di stated: Cold sweat on the forehead and back of hands indicates the expulsion of toxins.)
Diarrhea with Pus and Blood (Zhang Zhongjing stated: Shaoyin diarrhea with pus and blood is treated with Tao Hua Tang.)
Unremitting Vomiting (Vomiting is divided into Cold and Heat syndromes: Stomach Heat vomiting and Stomach Cold vomiting.)
Greasy Face and Cold Back (Zhong Shi (Middle Dampness) presents with a greasy face and cold back.)
Abdominal Distension and Fullness (Post-sweating abdominal distension is treated with Hou Po Wu Wu Tang. Post-purgation irritability, abdominal fullness, and restlessness are treated with Zhi Zi Hou Po Tang. He also stated: Purgation without passage of flatus inevitably causes abdominal fullness.)
Cough with Profuse Saliva (Caused either by Heat in the Upper Jiao or fluid retention below the heart.)
Headache and Nausea (Headache and nausea without bodily pain indicate Food Stagnation; bodily pain indicates Shanghan.)
Dry Belching with Rotten Food Odor (Stomach Qi dysfunction, epigastric oppression, dry belching with food odor, and fluid retention in the hypochondrium are treated with Sheng Jiang Xie Xin Tang; without fluid retention, it is Food Stagnation.)
Itching Like Insects Crawling (In Yangming disease, lack of sweat when sweating is indicated causes itching like insects crawling under the skin, due to chronic deficiency.)
Nasal Whistling and Dry Vomiting (Taiyang Wind Strike with nasal whistling and dry vomiting is treated with Gui Zhi Tang. Concurrent Taiyang-Yangming with these symptoms is treated with Ge Gen Tang.)
Chills and Aversion to Cold (Zhang Zhongjing stated: Yin Qi invading Yang causes shivering and aversion to cold.)
Lumbar and Spinal Pain (Zhang Zhongjing stated: In the first one or two days of Taiyang disease, headache, neck stiffness, and lumbar/spinal rigidity occur.)
Intermittent Abdominal and Hypochondriac Pain (Zhang Zhongjing stated: In Shanghan or Wind Strike after five to six days, abdominal pain or hypochondriac oppression indicates Xiao Chai Hu syndrome. Abdominal pain alone is treated with Xiao Jian Zhong Tang; hypochondriac pain with Shi Zao Tang.)
High Generalized Fever (Zhang Zhongjing stated: Yangming disease causes body heat, eye pain, dry nose, and inability to lie down. Taiyang Wind Strike and Shanghan both cause fever.)
Of the above seventy-two syndromes, some are fatal, while others are treatable. Although depths vary, correct medication based on syndrome differentiation covers the majority of cases.