病患身大热反欲得近衣者热在皮肤寒在骨髓也身大寒反不欲近衣者寒在皮肤热在骨髓也
申明上章寒热之义阴盛则内寒外热内寒故欲近衣阳盛则内热外寒内热故不欲近衣以其欲不欲而内外之寒热见焉经所
谓临病患问所便也（素问语）上章发热恶寒无热恶寒者言其外也风伤卫者多内热寒伤营者多外寒恐人略内而详外故发此
章
风者天地发生之气也皮毛未开风气外客伤其卫阳则窍开而卫泄卫性降敛卫欲闭而风泄之欲闭不得则内乘阴位而遏营
血是以病也（曰风泄者风闭其卫营郁而外泄也）
太阳病发热汗出恶风脉缓者名为中风
太阳之经有营卫之分营行脉中卫行脉外风寒客之各有所伤风则伤卫寒则伤营卫伤则闭其营血故发热营伤则闭其卫气
故恶寒营为寒闭则无汗卫为风鼓则有汗以卫气初闭营郁犹得外泄也汗出卫泄是以表虚而恶风寒性凝涩伤寒则皮毛闭塞故
脉紧风性动荡伤风则经气发泄故脉缓
肺通卫气风伤于卫行其疏泄之令卫气不敛是以有汗卫愈泄而愈闭闭而不开则营郁而发热桂枝汤所以通经络而泄营郁
也
太阳病头疼发热汗出恶风者桂枝汤主之
风为阳邪卫为阳气风邪中人则阳分受之故伤卫气卫秉肺气其性收敛风鼓卫气失其收敛之职是以汗出风愈泄而卫愈敛
则内遏营血郁蒸而为热是卫气被伤而营血受病也故伤在卫气而治在营血桂枝汤甘草大枣补脾精以滋肝血生姜调脏腑而宣
经络芍药清营中之热桂枝达营中之郁也汗者营卫之所蒸泄孔窍一开而营郁外达则中风愈矣
病人身体发烫，反而想要穿厚衣服，这是热在体表、寒在骨髓的表现；病人身体发冷，反而不想穿厚衣服，这是寒在体表、热在骨髓的表现。
这里阐明上一章关于寒热的含义：阴气偏盛则内部寒冷而外部发热，因为内部寒冷所以想靠近衣物取暖；阳气偏盛则内部发热而外部寒冷，因为内部发热所以不想靠近衣物。通过观察病人“想要”或“不想要”穿衣的态度，就能判断体内外的寒热性质。这就是《黄帝内经》所说的“诊视病人时询问其舒适偏好”的意思（语出《素问》）。上一章中提到的“发热恶寒”和“无热恶寒”，是描述体表的症状。风邪伤及卫阳的，多伴有内部热象；寒邪伤及营血的，多伴有外部寒象。担心人们只关注外表症状而忽略内在病机，所以特别提出这一章来阐述。
风，是天地之间生发之气。当皮毛毛孔尚未张开时，风气作为外邪侵入，损伤了卫阳，导致腠理开泄，卫气外漏。卫气的本性是下降且收敛的，它想要闭合以固护体表，但风邪使其外泄，想要闭合却做不到，于是风邪内侵阴位，遏制营血，从而引发疾病。（所谓“风泄”，是指风邪闭塞卫气，导致营血郁滞而向外泄漏。）
太阳经受邪出现发热、出汗、怕风、脉象缓弱的症状，称为中风证。
太阳经有营气和卫气的区分：营气行于脉管之中，卫气行于脉管之外。风寒之邪侵袭人体，各自伤害不同的部分：风邪主要伤卫，寒邪主要伤营。卫气受伤则会闭阻营血，所以出现发热；营血受伤则会闭阻卫气，所以出现恶寒。营血被寒邪闭阻则无汗，卫气被风邪鼓动则有汗，这是因为卫气初闭时，营气郁滞尚能向外透泄的缘故。出汗导致卫气外泄，因此表虚而怕风怕冷。寒邪的性质凝滞涩滞，伤寒则导致皮毛闭塞，所以脉象紧束；风的性质动荡发散，伤风则导致经气发泄，所以脉象缓弱。
肺与卫气相通，风邪伤及卫气，行使疏泄的功能，使卫气不能收敛，因此出现汗出。卫气越是外泄，体表就越闭塞；闭塞而不开放，则营气郁滞而发热。桂枝汤的作用在于疏通经络并宣泄营气的郁滞。
太阳经受邪出现头痛、发热、出汗、怕风的症状，主治方剂为桂枝汤。
风属于阳邪，卫属于阳气，风邪中人则阳分受病，所以伤及卫气。卫气禀受肺气，其本性是收敛的。风邪鼓动卫气，使其失去收敛的职责，因此出现汗出。风邪越使卫气外泄，卫气就越向内收敛，进而遏制营血，郁蒸化热。这是卫气受损而营血受病的表现。所以，虽然病位在卫气，但治疗重点在营血。桂枝汤中，甘草和大枣补益脾精以滋养肝血；生姜调理脏腑并宣通经络；芍药清解营中的热邪；桂枝通达营中的郁滞。汗液是营卫二气蒸腾外泄的结果，当腠理孔窍一开，营气郁滞得以向外透达，中风证也就痊愈了。
The patient's body is hot, yet they desire to wrap themselves in clothes; this indicates heat on the skin and cold in the bone marrow. The patient's body is cold, yet they do not desire to wrap themselves in clothes; this indicates cold on the skin and heat in the bone marrow.
This clarifies the meaning of cold and heat discussed in the previous chapter: When Yin is excessive, there is internal cold and external heat; due to internal cold, the patient desires warmth. When Yang is excessive, there is internal heat and external cold; due to internal heat, the patient does not desire warmth. By observing whether the patient desires or rejects clothing, one can discern the nature of internal and external cold and heat. This corresponds to the saying in the *Suwen* (Plain Questions): "When examining a patient, ask about their comfort preferences." The terms "fever with aversion to cold" and "no fever with aversion to cold" mentioned in the previous chapter refer to exterior symptoms. Wind pathogenic factors injuring the Wei (Defensive) Qi often involve internal heat, while Cold pathogenic factors injuring the Ying (Nutritive) Blood often involve external cold. To prevent readers from focusing only on exterior symptoms while neglecting interior pathology, this chapter is presented for clarification.
Wind is the generating Qi of Heaven and Earth. When the pores are not yet open, wind acts as an external pathogen invading and injuring the Wei Yang, causing the apertures to open and the Wei Qi to leak. The nature of Wei Qi is descending and convergent; it wishes to close to protect the exterior, but wind causes it to leak externally. Unable to close, the wind invades the Yin positions internally, obstructing the Ying Blood, thereby causing disease. (The term "wind leakage" refers to wind closing the Wei, causing Ying stagnation and external leakage.)
In Taiyang disease, characterized by fever, sweating, aversion to wind, and a slow pulse, it is named Wind Strike (Zhong Feng).
The Taiyang meridian has a distinction between Ying and Wei: Ying circulates within the vessels, while Wei circulates outside the vessels. When Wind and Cold pathogens invade, they injure different aspects: Wind injures Wei, and Cold injures Ying. Injury to Wei closes off the Ying Blood, resulting in fever; injury to Ying closes off the Wei Qi, resulting in aversion to cold. If Ying is closed by Cold, there is no sweat; if Wei is agitated by Wind, there is sweat, because initially when Wei is closed, Ying stagnation can still vent outward. Sweating leads to the leakage of Wei Qi, resulting in exterior deficiency and aversion to wind and cold. The nature of Cold is coagulating and stagnant; contracting Cold causes the skin and hair follicles to close, resulting in a tight pulse. The nature of Wind is dynamic and dispersing; contracting Wind causes the meridian Qi to vent, resulting in a slow pulse.
The Lung communicates with Wei Qi. Wind injuring Wei promotes its dispersing function, preventing Wei Qi from converging, thus causing sweating. As Wei leaks more, the exterior becomes more closed; if closed and not opened, Ying stagnates and generates fever. Guizhi Tang (Cinnamon Twig Decoction) serves to unblock the meridians and vent Ying stagnation.
In Taiyang disease, presenting with headache, fever, sweating, and aversion to wind, Guizhi Tang (Cinnamon Twig Decoction) should be administered.
Wind is a Yang pathogenic factor, and Wei is Yang Qi; when Wind attacks humans, the Yang aspect is affected, thus injuring Wei Qi. Wei Qi derives from Lung Qi, and its nature is convergent. Wind agitates Wei Qi, causing it to lose its convergent function, leading to sweating. As Wind causes Wei to leak more, Wei converges inward more strongly, obstructing Ying Blood, which stagnates and steams into heat. This means Wei Qi is injured and Ying Blood is diseased. Therefore, although the pathology lies in Wei Qi, treatment focuses on Ying Blood. In Guizhi Tang, Gancao (Licorice Root) and Dazao (Jujube Fruit) tonify Spleen Essence to nourish Liver Blood; Shengjiang (Fresh Ginger) regulates the Zang-Fu organs and disseminates the meridians; Shaoyao (White Peony Root) clears heat in the Ying; and Guizhi (Cinnamon Twig) reaches and resolves Ying stagnation. Sweat is the result of Ying and Wei steaming and venting through the apertures. Once the apertures open and Ying stagnation vents outward, the Wind Strike condition is cured.