《正体类要》曰∶若患处或诸窍出血者，肝火炽盛，血热错经而妄行也，用加味逍遥散
热养血。若中气虚弱，血无所附而妄行，用加味四君子汤，补中益气。或元气内脱，不能摄
血，用独参汤，加炮姜以回阳；如不应，急加附子。或血蕴于内而呕血，用四物加柴胡、黄
芩。凡损伤劳碌、怒气、肚腹胀满，误服大黄等药，伤阳络，则为吐血衄血，便血尿血；伤
阴络，则为血积血块，肌肉青黯。此脏腑亏损，经隧失职，急补脾肺，亦有生者。
《急救方》云∶跌压伤重之人，口耳出血，一时昏晕，但视面色尚有生气，身体尚为绵
则皆可救。但不可多人环绕，嘈杂惊慌，致令惊魄不复。急令亲人呼而扶之，坐于地上，先
拳其两手两足，紧为抱定。少顷再轻移于相呼之人怀中，以膝抵其谷道，不令泄气。若稍有
知觉，即移于素所寝处，将室内窗棂遮闭令暗，仍拳手足紧抱，不可令卧。急取童便乘热灌
之，马溺更妙，如一时不可得，即人溺亦可，要去其头尾，但须未食葱蒜而清利者，强灌一
、二杯，下得喉便好。一面用四物汤三、四倍，加桃仁、红花、山楂、生大黄各二两，童便
一大钟，如夏月加黄连四、五分，用流水急火，在傍煎半熟，倾入碗内，承于伤者鼻下，使
药气入腹，不致恶逆，乘热用小钟灌服；如不受，少刻又灌。药尽不可使卧，服药之后，其
谷道尤须用力抵紧，不可令泄其气。如药性行动，不可即解，恐其气从下泄，以致不救也。
必须俟腹中动而有声，上下往来数遍，急不可待，方可令其大解。所下尽属淤紫，毒已解半
，方可令睡，至于所下尽为粪，即停止前药。否则再用一二剂亦不碍。然后次第调理，不可
轻用补药。
王肯堂云∶血溢血泄，诸蓄妄证，其始也，予率以桃仁大黄行血破瘀之剂，折其锐气，
区别治之，虽往往获中，然犹不得其所以然也。后来四明遇故人苏伊芳举，闲论诸家之术。伊芳
举曰∶吾乡有善医者，每治失血蓄妄，必先以快药下之。或问失血复下，虚何以当。则曰∶
血既妄行，迷失故道，不去蓄利瘀，则以妄为常，曷以御之。且去者自去，生者自生，何虚
之有。予闻之，愕然曰∶名言也。昔者之疑，今释然矣。
又云∶凡九窍出血，用南天竺主之，或用血余灰，自发为佳，次则父子一气，再次男胎
又次则乱发，皂角水洗晒干，烧灰为末。每二钱，以茅草根煎汤调下。又荆叶捣取汁，酒和
服。又刺蓟一握，绞汁，酒半盏和服；如无生者捣干者为末，水调三钱，均效。
诀曰∶墙头苔藓可以塞，车前草汁可以滴，火烧莲房用水调，锅底黑煤可以吃。石榴花
片可以塞，生莱菔汁可以滴，火烧龙骨可以吹，水煎茅花可以吃。
《急救方》注∶治跌打损伤已死者，用男女尿桶人中白，炼红投好醋七次，研末酒送二
钱，吐出恶血即可救矣。慎不移动，动者不治。
泛注
《可法良规》云∶凡损伤之症，乃有形器物所伤，为筋骨受病，当从血论。盖血得热则
，其害甚速，须先伐肝火，清运火，砭患处，和经络，则瘀血不致泛注，肌肉不致遍溃。次
则壮脾胃，进饮食，生血气，降阴火，则瘀血易于腐溃，新肉易于收敛，此要法也。若用克
伐之剂，虚者益虚，滞者益滞，祸不旋踵矣。
《濒湖集简方》曰∶治打仆瘀血滚注，或作潮热者，用大黄末，姜汁调涂，一夜黑者紫
，二夜紫者白也。
发热
东垣曰∶昼则发热，夜则安静，是阳气自旺于阳分也。昼则安静，夜则发热烦躁，是阳
陷入阴中也，名曰热入血室。如昼夜俱发热烦躁，是重阳无阴也，当急泻其阳而峻补其阴。
夫热入血室之症，妇人经水适来，或因损伤，谵言如见鬼状，宜小柴胡汤加生地主之。王太
仆曰∶凡热来复去，不时而动，乃无根之虚火也，宜六君子汤加姜桂；不应，急加附子，或
八味丸最善。
《可法良规》曰∶凡损伤之症有出汗者，当审其阴阳虚实而治之。若阴虚阳往乘之，则
自汗，以甘寒之剂补其气，如补中益气汤之属是也。若阳虚阴往乘之，则发厥自汗，以甘温
之剂助其阳，如参附汤之属是也。亦有因痛甚而自汗者，宜清肝火为主。亦有因阴阳损伤而
自汗盗汗者，宜补气生血为主。若心孔一片汗出者，养其心血自止。
外邪
陈文治曰∶四季伤损，脉浮紧，发热恶寒体痛，属有外邪，宜发散以祛邪，春用五积散
苏饮；夏用香薷饮、五苓散；秋用藿香正气散；冬用双解散。若寒热者，加柴胡、前胡、黄
；头痛加川芎、白芷，香港脚加白芷、槟榔、木香；有痰加半夏、陈皮，等分，葱白煎服。
《可法良规》云∶凡伤损之症，出血太多，或溃烂之际，收敛之后，如有寒热头痛，或
盗汗，烦躁作渴，或遍身疼痛，肢体倦怠，牙关紧急，痰涎上壅等证，是血气虚而作变症也
，当峻补元气为主。大凡伤损症，有外邪乃乘虚而入，犹当补助，作外邪治之，祸不旋踵。
耀山云∶伤损之证，内瘀居多，间有外感挟邪。陈氏之论，详及四季，发明上下加减，
虽为稳当，又宜参阅发热门，择方疗治，更为稳妥，学人须细玩之。
昏愦
《正体类要》曰∶伤重昏愦者，急灌以独参汤。虽内有瘀血，切不可下，急用花蕊石散
之，盖恐下之，因泻而亡阴也。若元气虚甚者，尤不可下，亦用前散以化之。凡瘀血在内，
大小便不通，用大黄、朴硝；血凝而不下者，急用木香、肉桂末三、二钱，以热酒调灌服，
血下乃生。如怯弱之人用硝黄，须加肉桂、木香，假其热以行其寒也。
《选粹》云∶颠仆迷闷者，酒调苏合香丸灌之。颠扑损伤者，宜逐其恶血，用酒煎苏木
调苏合香丸或鸡鸣散；或活血和气饮加大黄，入醋少许煎；或童便或苏木煎酒调黑神散，乌
药顺气散亦可。
陈远公曰∶人从高坠下，昏死不苏，人以为恶血奔心，谁知乃气为血壅乎。夫跌仆之伤
是瘀血攻心，然跌仆出其不意，未必心动也。惟从高坠下，失足时心必惊悸，自知必死。是
先挟一必死之心，不比一蹶而伤者，心不及动也。故气血错乱，每每昏绝不救。治法逐其瘀
血，佐以醒脾之品，则血易散而气易开。倘徒攻瘀血，则气闭不宣，究何益乎。用苏气汤，
一剂气疏，三剂血活全愈。
谷兰云∶未跌仆之时，心原不动；当跌扑之时，体先振动，心能不动乎。况心主血者也
，心既不动，即跌扑亦无伤瘀之症矣。此说存参。
《可法良规》云∶凡伤损之症，若皮肤已破，出血过多而昏愦者，气血虚极也，大补
；如不应，急加附子。若坠仆太重，皮肤不破，血未出而昏愦者，瘀血在内也，行散为主；
如不应，速加酒炒大黄。若下后而有变症者，皆气血虚极也，用十全大补汤。若因痛甚而自
汗昏愦者，风木炽盛也，用清肝凉血之剂，则痛自定，汗自止；苟作外因风邪治之，促其危
又云∶若伤损在头脑并致命处所，昏愦良久，将至不起者，急用葱白切细、杵烂、炒熟
，罨患处，稍冷更以热者罨之，多自醒矣。
《选粹》云∶亦有血迷心窍，而致昏沉不知人事者，宜花蕊石散，童便调服。有神魂散
一时不知人事者，唯在临时斟酌。大抵跌仆之病，全在补气行血。若自然铜之类，虽有接骨
之功，而燥散之害，甚于刀剑，丹溪备言之矣。
谷兰云∶跌仆则肝必受伤，瘀血未去，而行补气补血药，恐血瘀未能散除，转致不可救
药为患；惟虚弱者受跌扑之患，于逐瘀中兼补益，似为两得。
《急救方》∶治仆打猝死去，但须心头温暖，虽经日亦可救。先将死人盘屈在地上，如
坐状，令一人将死人头发控放抵，用生半夏末，以竹筒或纸筒吹在鼻内；如活即以生姜自然
汁灌之，可解半夏毒。
耀山云∶按人尿性味咸寒无毒，又名轮回酒、还元汤，扑损瘀血在内运绝，加酒饮之，
伤推陈致新，其功甚大。又《千金方》饮人尿治金疮出血，杖疮肿毒，火烧闷绝等症。又刺
在肉中，人咬手指，金疮中风，蛇犬咬伤，蜂虿螫伤，浸洗得解，乃伤科中之仙药也。周赧
王四十五年，秦相范雎在魏时，触杵魏齐，令狱卒自辰至未扑打，遍体皆伤，齿折胁断，身
无完肤，气绝不动，尸卷苇薄之中。魏齐复令宾客便溺其上，勿容为清净之鬼。至晚，范雎
死而复苏，竟相秦国。又明季一官，贪墨诬害平人，解缓时，被受害人之子夺路报复父仇，
攒殴已毙，又恨其贪污，灌之以尿，后竟不死。观此两节，人尿实为久传效验之方，今多因
秽恶而忽之，惜哉！但人命至重，生死在于呼吸之间，有此极便极贱、极效验之药，何不乘
其昏绝不知而灌之；如灌之不入，急令人溺其头面，使其入于七窍，未有不苏者也。
《急救方》小注云∶凡跌打缢溺至死，而心头热者，急用活鸡冠血，滴入喉鼻之内，男
右，男用公鸡，女用母鸡，刻下即苏。又跌打气绝，用仙人柴（即九里香叶）捣自然汁一杯，
灌下即苏。但心口有微热，能受此药，无有不活，名曰救名丹。
眩晕
耀山云∶血虚则阴虚，阴虚则发热而渴，腹胀呕吐必兼中气太虚，故用补治如此。若仆
时晕倒在地，此气逆血晕也。按《急救方》补注∶用血管鹅毛 存性一钱，老酒调服即醒。
又有真元不足，不能摄气归元而晕者，仍用补剂可也。如失血过多而晕者，用芎归汤亦可。
烦躁
东垣云∶发热恶寒，大渴不止，其脉大而无力，非白虎汤症，此血虚发躁也，宜用当归
汤治。裴先生云∶肌热烦躁，目赤面红，其脉洪大而虚，此血虚也，若误服白虎汤，轻则危
发喘
耀山云∶发喘之因，果多在肺，然按《内经》曰∶有所堕恐，喘出于肝，度水跌仆，喘
出于肾与骨。是当分别论治。
作呕
耀山云∶按薛氏以药伤胃而呕者，脉必微细而迟，乃凉药克伐而呕也，急用六君子汤加
芍、附子。又有胃火作呕者，症必口渴唇褐，系素有积热，复饮辛热药，则火必更盛矣，以
清胃散加山栀、黄芩、甘草治之顿止。如溃后作呕，仍按出血过多方法调治。若投药稍错，
非徒无益，而又害之。
口渴
东垣云∶发热恶寒，大渴不止，其脉大而无力者，非白虎汤症，此血虚发躁而渴也，宜
用当归补血汤。
不食
钟峻云∶江西一盗，肋断呻吟不食，用生精猪肉四两，糯米饭一碗，白糖四两拌食，越
愈，骨亦完好，想亦秘方也。愚按血闭嗜卧不食，虚者用巴戟汤，即四物加巴戟、大黄，补
而行之；实者承气、抵当攻之，如气滞不食，必须枳、术、香、砂以开之。
秘结
耀山云∶按《正体类要》若胸腹胀痛，大便不通，喘咳吐血者，瘀血停滞也，用当归导
通之。肚腹作痛，大便不通，按之痛甚者，瘀血在内也，用加味承气汤下之。凡腹停瘀血，
用大黄等药，其血不下，反加胸膈胀痛，喘促短气，用肉桂、木香末各二钱，热酒调服，即
下恶血。此因寒药凝滞不行，得辛温而血自行耳，专用苦寒诸剂者察之！
《可法良规》云∶凡伤损之症，小便不利，若因出血，或平素阴虚火燥，而渗泄之令不
，宜滋膀胱之阴。若因疼痛，或平素肺经气虚，不能生化肾水，而小便短小者，当补脾肺之
气，滋其化源，则小便自生。若误用分利之剂，复损其阴，祸在反掌。经云∶气化则小便出
焉。又云∶无阳则阴无以生，无阴则阳无以化。亦有汗出不止而小便短小者，汗止便自利，
尤忌分利渗泄之剂。
瘀滞
《可法良规》云∶凡伤损之症，若棍仆重者，患处虽不破，其肉则死矣。盖内肉糜烂，
血相和，如皮囊盛糊然。其轻者，瘀血必深蓄于内，急宜砭刺，即投大补之剂。否则大热烦
躁，头目胀痛，牙关紧急，殊类破伤风症，此瘀秽内作而然也，急刺之，诸症悉退。
又云∶若不砭刺发泄，为患匪轻，是不知伤重而内有瘀秽者也，须急去之，即服补益之
以固根本，庶保无虞。古人谓瘀秽恶于野狼虎，毒于蛇虿，去之稍缓，则戕性命，非虚言也，
医者三复之！
耀山云∶按《薛氏医案》伤损肿痛不消，有瘀血在内，急宜砭之；否则瘥后数年，但遇
天阴，仍作痛也，血属阴，从其类也。
血虚
《可法良规》云∶凡伤损筋糜肉烂，脓血大泻，阳亦随阴而走，元气丧败，理势必然，
气血不虚者鲜矣。智者审之！
又云∶凡伤损之症，遍身作痒，或搔破如疮疥，此血不营于肌腠，当作血虚治之；不应
补其气。亦有愈后身起白屑，落而又起，或有如布帛一层，隔于肌肤，乃气血俱虚，不能营
于腠理，宜大补气血为主；若作风邪治之，误矣。
又云∶凡伤损之症，肢体麻木，若口眼如常，腰背如故，而肢体麻木者，气虚也。盖血
气虚，故血虚之人，肢体多麻木，此是阴虚火动而变症，实非风也，当用升阳滋阴之剂；若
作风治，凶在反掌。
又云∶凡伤损之症，贵乎大补气血，则腐肉易于溃烂，疮口易于生肌。每见治者，不知
亏损，往往多用十宣散，又以方内参、 、芎、归为补益之剂，嫌其中满，多用不过钱许；
《正体类要》说：如果患处或身体各个孔窍出血，这是肝火炽盛，血热导致血液不循常道而妄行，应使用加味逍遥散（在逍遥散基础上加减）来清热养血。如果是中气虚弱，血液失去依附而妄行，应使用加味四君子汤（在四君子汤基础上加减）来补益中气、益气摄血。或者是元气内部脱失，不能统摄血液，应使用独参汤，并加入炮姜以回阳救逆；如果无效，紧急加入附子。或者是血液郁积在体内导致呕血，应使用四物汤加入柴胡、黄芩。凡是因损伤、劳累过度、愤怒、肚腹胀满，误服大黄等药物，损伤了阳络，就会出现吐血、鼻衄、便血、尿血；损伤了阴络，就会出现血积、血块，肌肉呈现青黑色。这是因为脏腑亏损，经络功能失职，急需补益脾肺，也有存活的可能。
《急救方》说：跌打压伤严重的人，口耳出血，一时昏晕，只要看面色还有生气，身体还柔软，都可以救治。但是不可让很多人围在旁边，嘈杂惊慌，致使受惊的神魂无法恢复。急忙让亲人呼唤并扶起他，让他坐在地上，先握紧他的两手两足，紧紧抱住固定。过一会儿再轻轻移到他亲人的怀中，用膝盖抵住他的肛门部位，不让气体泄出。如果稍有知觉，就移到平时睡觉的地方，把室内的窗户遮挡得黑暗，仍然握紧手足紧紧抱住，不可以让他躺下。急忙取童子尿趁热灌入，马尿更好，如果一时得不到，用人尿也可以，要去掉头尾部分，必须是没有吃过葱蒜且尿液清利的，强行灌下一二杯，药液进入喉咙就好了。同时用四物汤三到四倍量，加入桃仁、红花、山楂、生大黄各二两，童子尿一大钟，如果是夏天加入黄连四到五分，用流动的水急火煎煮至半熟，倒入碗中，放在伤者鼻子下方，使药气吸入腹中，不会引起恶心呕吐，趁热用小杯灌服；如果不能接受，过一会儿再灌。药喝完不可以让他躺下，服药之后，他的肛门尤其需要用力抵紧，不可以让气体泄出。如果药性运行，不可以立即解大便，恐怕气体从下面泄出，导致无法救治。必须等到腹中有动静且有声音，上下往来几遍，急切等待不得，才可以让他大便。所排出的全是紫黑色的瘀血，毒素已经解除一半，才可以让他睡觉，直到排出的全是粪便，就停止前面的药。否则再用一两个疗程也没有妨碍。然后依次进行调理，不可以轻易使用补药。
王肯堂说：对于血溢、血泄以及各种蓄血妄行的证候，起初我通常用桃仁、大黄等行血破瘀的药剂，挫败其锐气，区别治疗，虽然往往有效，但仍未明白其中的原理。后来在四明遇到老朋友苏伊芳举，闲谈各家医术。苏伊芳举说：“我们乡里有擅长治病的医生，每次治疗失血和蓄血妄行，必定先用峻下药攻下。”有人问失血后又攻下，虚证怎么承受得住？回答说：“血液既然妄行，迷失了原来的通道，如果不去除蓄积的瘀血，就会以妄行为常态，用什么来抵御呢？况且去掉的自然是旧的，新生的自然是新的，哪里会有虚的问题呢？”我听了，惊讶地说：“这是名言啊。”以前的疑惑，现在豁然开朗了。
又说：凡是九窍出血，用南天竺竹的主干治疗，或者用血余灰（头发烧成的灰），自己脱落的头发为佳，其次是父子同源的头发，再次是男胎发，又次是乱发，用皂角水洗后晒干，烧成灰末。每次二钱，用茅草根煎汤调服。又有荆芥叶捣取汁液，用酒调和服用。又有刺蓟一把，绞取汁液，用半盏酒调和服用；如果没有新鲜的，捣干品为末，用水调服三钱，都有效。
口诀说：墙头的苔藓可以塞住伤口，车前草的汁液可以滴入，火烧过的莲房用水调敷，锅底的黑煤可以吃。石榴花瓣可以塞住伤口，生萝卜汁可以滴入，火烧过的龙骨可以吹入鼻腔，水煎茅花可以吃。
《急救方》注解说：治疗跌打损伤假死的人，用男女尿桶中的沉淀物人中白，经过红醋炼七次，研成末，用酒送服二钱，吐出恶血就可以救了。切记不要移动伤者，移动了就治不好了。
泛注：
《可法良规》说：凡是损伤的病症，是有形器物所伤，筋骨受病，应当从血论治。因为血受热则沸腾，危害很快，必须先清泻肝火，清除运化火邪，砭刺患处，调和经络，那么瘀血就不会泛滥，肌肉就不会全面溃烂。其次则壮脾胃，增进饮食，生化气血，降阴火，那么瘀血容易腐溃，新肉容易收敛，这是重要的方法。如果使用克伐（攻伐）的药物，虚者更虚，滞者更滞，灾祸立刻降临。
《濒湖集简方》说：治疗打仆导致的瘀血滚注，或者出现潮热的，用大黄末，姜汁调涂，一夜变黑紫色，两夜紫色变白色。
发热：
李东垣说：白天发热，晚上安静，这是阳气在阳分旺盛。白天安静，晚上发热烦躁，这是阳气陷入阴中，名叫热入血室。如果昼夜都发热烦躁，这是重阳无阴，应当紧急泻其阳而峻补其阴。
热入血室的病症，妇女月经刚来，或者因为损伤，谵语如见鬼状，适宜用小柴胡汤加生地黄主治。王太仆说：凡是热来复去，不时而动，是无根的虚火，适宜用六君子汤加生姜、肉桂；无效，紧急加入附子，或者八味丸最好。
《可法良规》说：凡是损伤的病症有出汗的，应当审查其阴阳虚实而治疗。如果是阴虚阳往乘之，则自汗，用甘寒的药剂补气，如补中益气汤之类的。如果是阳虚阴往乘之，则发厥自汗，用甘温的药剂助阳，如参附汤之类的。也有因为疼痛剧烈而自汗的，宜以清肝火为主。也有因为阴阳损伤而自汗盗汗的，宜以补气生血为主。如果心孔一片汗出，养心血自然停止。
外邪：
陈文治说：四季伤损，脉浮紧，发热恶寒体痛，属于有外邪，宜发散以祛邪，春季用五积散或苏饮；夏季用香薷饮、五苓散；秋季用藿香正气散；冬季用双解散。如果有寒热，加柴胡、前胡、黄芩；头痛加川芎、白芷，脚气加白芷、槟榔、木香；有痰加半夏、陈皮，等分，葱白煎服。
《可法良规》说：凡是伤损的病症，出血太多，或者溃烂之际，收敛之后，如有寒热头痛，或者盗汗，烦躁作渴，或者遍身疼痛，肢体倦怠，牙关紧急，痰涎上壅等证，这是血气虚而发生的变症，应当以峻补元气为主。大凡伤损症，有外邪乃是乘虚而入，还应当补助，按外邪治疗，灾祸立刻降临。
耀山说：伤损的证候，内瘀居多，间或有外感挟邪。陈氏的论述，详细涉及四季，阐明上下加减，虽然稳妥，又宜参阅发热门，择方治疗，更为稳妥，学人须仔细玩味。
昏愦（昏迷）：
《正体类要》说：重伤昏迷的，急忙灌以独参汤。虽然内有瘀血，切不可攻下，急忙用花蕊石散化瘀，大概担心攻下后，因泻而亡阴。如果元气虚甚的，尤其不可攻下，也用前散以化解。凡是瘀血在内，大小便不通，用大黄、朴硝；血凝而不下的，急忙用木香、肉桂末三、二钱，用热酒调灌服，血下才能生。如果怯弱的人用硝黄，须加肉桂、木香，借其热性以行其寒性。
《选粹》说：颠仆迷闷的，用酒调苏合香丸灌服。颠扑损伤的，宜逐其恶血，用酒煎苏木调苏合香丸或鸡鸣散；或者活血和气饮加大黄，入少许醋煎；或者童便或苏木煎酒调黑神散，乌药顺气散也可以。
陈远公说：人从高坠下，昏死不醒，人们认为是恶血奔心，谁知道是气被血壅阻呢。跌仆的伤是瘀血攻心，然而跌仆出其不意，未必心动。只有从高坠下，失足时心必惊悸，自知必死。是先挟带一个必死之心，不像一蹶而伤者，心来不及动。所以气血错乱，每每昏绝不救。治法逐其瘀血，佐以醒脾之品，则血易散而气易开。如果只攻瘀血，则气闭不宣，究竟有什么益处呢？用苏气汤，一剂气疏，三剂血活全愈。
谷兰说：未跌仆之时，心原本不动；当跌扑之时，身体先振动，心能不动吗？何况心主血，心既不动，即使跌扑也无伤瘀之症了。此说存疑参考。
《可法良规》说：凡是伤损的病症，若皮肤已破，出血过多而昏愦的，气血虚极也，大补气血；如果无效，紧急加入附子。如果坠仆太重，皮肤不破，血未出而昏愦的，瘀血在内也，以行散为主；如果无效，速加酒炒大黄。如果下后而有变症的，都是气血虚极也，用十全大补汤。如果因为痛甚而自汗昏愦的，风木炽盛也，用清肝凉血的药剂，则痛自定，汗自止；如果当作外因风邪治疗，加速其危险。
又说：如果伤损在头脑并致命处所，昏愦良久，将至不起的，急忙用葱白切细、捣烂、炒熟，罨敷患处，稍冷再以热的罨敷，多能苏醒。
《选粹》说：也有血迷心窍，而导致昏沉不知人事的，宜用花蕊石散，童便调服。有神魂散失一时不知人事的，唯有临时斟酌。大抵跌仆的病，全在补气行血。如果像自然铜之类，虽然有接骨之功，而燥散的危害，甚于刀剑，丹溪已经详细说明。
谷兰说：跌仆则肝必受伤，瘀血未去，而行补气补血药，恐怕血瘀未能散除，转致不可救药的祸患；只有虚弱者受跌扑之患，于逐瘀中兼补益，似乎两全其美。
《急救方》：治疗仆打猝死去，只要心头温暖，虽经日亦可救。先将死人盘屈在地上，如坐状，令一人将死人头发控放抵住肛门，用生半夏末，以竹筒或纸筒吹在鼻内；如果活着即以生姜自然汁灌之，可解半夏毒。
耀山说：按人尿性味咸寒无毒，又名轮回酒、还元汤，扑损瘀血在内运绝，加酒饮之，伤推陈致新，其功很大。又《千金方》饮人尿治金疮出血，杖疮肿毒，火烧闷绝等症。又有刺在肉中，人咬手指，金疮中风，蛇犬咬伤，蜂虿螫伤，浸洗得解，乃伤科中之仙药也。周赧王四十五年，秦相范雎在魏时，触杵魏齐，令狱卒自辰至未扑打，遍体皆伤，齿折胁断，身无完肤，气绝不动，尸卷苇薄之中。魏齐复令宾客便溺其上，勿容为清净之鬼。至晚，范雎死而复苏，竟相秦国。又明季一官，贪墨诬害平人，解缓时，被受害人之子夺路报复父仇，攒殴已毙，又恨其贪污，灌之以尿，后竟不死。观此两节，人尿实为久传效验之方，今多因秽恶而忽之，惜哉！但人命至重，生死在于呼吸之间，有此极便极贱、极效验之药，何不乘其昏绝不知而灌之；如灌之不入，急令人溺其头面，使其入于七窍，未有不苏者也。
《急救方》小注说：凡是跌打缢溺至死，而心头热的，急忙用活鸡冠血，滴入喉鼻之内，男右女左，男用公鸡，女用母鸡，刻下即苏。又跌打气绝，用仙人柴（即九里香叶）捣自然汁一杯，灌下即苏。但心口有微热，能受此药，无有不活，名曰救名丹。
眩晕：
耀山说：血虚则阴虚，阴虚则发热而渴，腹胀呕吐必兼中气太虚，故用补治如此。如果仆倒时晕倒在地，这是气逆血晕。按《急救方》补注：用血管鹅毛存性一钱，老酒调服即醒。又有真元不足，不能摄气归元而晕的，仍用补剂即可。如失血过多而晕的，用芎归汤也可以。
烦躁：
李东垣说：发热恶寒，大渴不止，其脉大而无力，不是白虎汤症，这是血虚发躁，宜用当归汤治疗。裴先生说：肌热烦躁，目赤面红，其脉洪大而虚，这是血虚，如果误服白虎汤，轻则危重，发喘。
发喘：
耀山说：发喘的原因，果多在肺，然而按《内经》说：有所堕恐，喘出于肝，度水跌仆，喘出于肾与骨。是应当分别论治。
作呕：
耀山说：按薛氏认为以药伤胃而呕的，脉必微细而迟，乃凉药克伐而呕，急忙用六君子汤加芍药、附子。又有胃火作呕的，症必口渴唇褐，系素有积热，复饮辛热药，则火必更盛矣，以清胃散加山栀、黄芩、甘草治疗顿止。如溃后作呕，仍按出血过多方法调治。如果投药稍错，非徒无益，而又害之。
口渴：
李东垣说：发热恶寒，大渴不止，其脉大而无力者，不是白虎汤症，这是血虚发躁而渴，宜用当归补血汤。
不食：
钟峻说：江西一盗，肋断呻吟不食，用生精猪肉四两，糯米饭一碗，白糖四两拌食，越吃越好，骨亦完好，想也是秘方吧。我按：血闭嗜卧不食，虚者用巴戟汤，即四物加巴戟、大黄，补而行之；实者承气、抵当攻之，如气滞不食，必须枳、术、香、砂以开之。
秘结：
耀山说：按《正体类要》若胸腹胀痛，大便不通，喘咳吐血者，瘀血停滞也，用当归导通之。肚腹作痛，大便不通，按之痛甚者，瘀血在内也，用加味承气汤下之。凡腹停瘀血，用大黄等药，其血不下，反加胸膈胀痛，喘促短气，用肉桂、木香末各二钱，热酒调服，即下恶血。此因寒药凝滞不行，得辛温而血自行耳，专用苦寒诸剂者察之！
《可法良规》说：凡是伤损的病症，小便不利，若因出血，或平素阴虚火燥，而渗泄之令不行，宜滋膀胱之阴。若因疼痛，或平素肺经气虚，不能生化肾水，而小便短小者，当补脾肺之气，滋其化源，则小便自生。如果误用分利之剂，复损其阴，祸在反掌。经云：气化则小便出焉。又云：无阳则阴无以生，无阴则阳无以化。亦有汗出不止而小便短小者，汗止便自利，尤忌分利渗泄之剂。
瘀滞：
《可法良规》说：凡是伤损的病症，若棍仆重者，患处虽不破，其肉则死矣。盖内肉糜烂，瘀血相和，如皮囊盛糊然。其轻者，瘀血必深蓄于内，急宜砭刺，即投大补之剂。否则大热烦躁，头目胀痛，牙关紧急，殊类破伤风症，此瘀秽内作而然也，急刺之，诸症悉退。
又说：如果不砭刺发泄，为患匪轻，是不知伤重而内有瘀秽者也，须急去之，即服补益之剂以固根本，庶保无虞。古人谓瘀秽恶于野狼虎，毒于蛇虿，去之稍缓，则戕性命，非虚言也，医者三复之！
耀山说：按《薛氏医案》伤损肿痛不消，有瘀血在内，急宜砭之；否则瘥后数年，但遇天阴，仍作痛也，血属阴，从其类也。
血虚：
《可法良规》说：凡是伤损筋糜肉烂，脓血大泻，阳亦随阴而走，元气丧败，理势必然，气血不虚者鲜矣。智者审之！
又说：凡是伤损的病症，遍身作痒，或搔破如疮疥，此血不营于肌腠，当作血虚治之；不应，补其气。亦有愈后身起白屑，落而又起，或有如布帛一层，隔于肌肤，乃气血俱虚，不能营于腠理，宜大补气血为主；如果作风邪治疗，误矣。
又说：凡是伤损的病症，肢体麻木，若口眼如常，腰背如故，而肢体麻木者，气虚也。盖血气虚，故血虚之人，肢体多麻木，此是阴虚火动而变症，实非风也，当用升阳滋阴之剂；如果作风治，凶在反掌。
又说：凡是伤损的病症，贵乎大补气血，则腐肉易于溃烂，疮口易于生肌。每见治者，不知亏损，往往多用十宣散，又以方内参、芪、芎、归为补益之剂，嫌其中满，多用不过钱许；
Zhengti Leyao (Standard Treatise on Orthopedics) states: If bleeding occurs at the injured site or in various orifices, it is due to blazing Liver Fire (Liver Huo Chi Sheng), where heat in the blood causes it to deviate from its normal pathways and flow recklessly. Use Jiawei Xiaoyao San (Modified Free and Easy Wanderer Powder) to clear heat and nourish blood. If Spleen Qi (Zhong Qi) is deficient, causing blood to lose its attachment and flow recklessly, use Jiawei Sijunzi Tang (Modified Four Gentlemen Decoction) to tonify middle Qi and promote Qi to control blood. If Yuan Qi (Primal Qi) has collapsed internally and cannot hold blood, use Dushen Tang (Single Ginseng Decoction) with Pao Jiang (Prepared Ginger) to restore Yang; if ineffective, urgently add Fuzi (Prepared Aconite Root). If blood stagnates internally leading to hematemesis, use Siwu Tang (Four Substances Decoction) added with Chaihu (Bupleurum Root) and Huangqin (Scutellaria Root). Generally, injuries, overwork, anger, abdominal distension, or the mistaken use of drugs like Dahuang (Rhubarb Rhizome) can damage the Yang Collaterals (Yang Luo), resulting in hematemesis, epistaxis, hematochezia, or hematuria; damaging the Yin Collaterals (Yin Luo) results in blood stasis and clots, with muscles appearing cyanotic and dark. This indicates deficiency of Zang-Fu organs and dysfunction of the meridians; urgently tonifying the Spleen and Lung may lead to survival.
Jiujifang (Emergency Formulas) states: For those severely injured by falling or crushing, with bleeding from the mouth and ears and sudden fainting, if the complexion still shows vitality and the body remains soft, they can be saved. However, do not allow many people to crowd around, creating noise and panic, which could prevent the recovery of the frightened soul. Quickly have relatives call out to and support the patient, having them sit on the ground. Firmly grasp their hands and feet and hold them tightly. After a moment, gently move them into the arms of a relative, using a knee to press against their anus to prevent the leakage of Qi. If there is any sign of consciousness, move them to their usual sleeping place, darken the room by covering windows, continue to grasp hands and feet tightly, and do not let them lie down. Urgently take urine from a healthy boy and administer it while hot; horse urine is even better. If unavailable, human urine may be used, but discard the beginning and end portions, ensuring it is clear and free from dietary influences like garlic and scallions. Force-feed one or two cups; once it enters the throat, improvement will follow. Simultaneously, prepare Siwu Tang (Four Substances Decoction) at three to four times the usual dose, adding Taoren (Peach Seed), Honghua (Safflower), Shanzha (Hawthorn Fruit), and Sheng Dahuang (Raw Rhubarb Rhizome), each 2 liang, along with a large cup of boy's urine. In summer, add Huanglian (Coptis Rhizome) 4-5 fen. Boil rapidly with flowing water until half-cooked, pour into a bowl, and place it under the patient's nose so that the medicinal vapor is inhaled, preventing nausea. Administer warm liquid in small cups; if rejected, try again later. Do not let the patient lie down after taking the medicine. The anus must be held tight to prevent gas leakage. Do not induce defecation immediately while the medicine is acting, as this may cause Qi to escape, leading to death. Wait until there is movement and sound in the abdomen, moving up and down several times, before allowing defecation. The excrement will be entirely purple-black blood stasis; once half the toxin is cleared, sleep may be permitted. Continue until only feces are passed, then stop the medication. Otherwise, one or two more doses are acceptable. Then proceed with gradual conditioning; do not lightly use tonic medicines.
Wang Kentang stated: Regarding hemorrhage, leakage, and various forms of blood stasis and reckless flow, I initially treated them with blood-moving and stasis-breaking agents like Taoren (Peach Seed) and Dahuang (Rhubarb Rhizome) to curb their aggressive nature, treating them differently based on differentiation. Although often effective, I did not fully understand the underlying principles. Later, in Siming, I met an old friend, Su Yifangju, and we discussed various medical techniques. Yifangju said: "In my hometown, skilled physicians always use strong purgatives first when treating loss of blood and reckless flow." Someone asked, "If blood is lost and purgatives are used again, how can the deficiency withstand it?" He replied, "Since the blood is flowing recklessly and has lost its proper path, if we do not remove the accumulated stasis, reckless flow will become the norm, and how can we control it? What leaves is gone, what remains is new; where is the deficiency?" I heard this and exclaimed, "These are profound words!" My previous doubts were now resolved.
He also stated: For bleeding from the nine orifices, use Nantianzhu (Nandina Stemwood) or Xueyu Hui (Burnt Hair Ash). Self-shed hair is best, followed by hair from father and son (sharing the same origin), then male fetal hair, and finally loose hair. Wash the hair with Gengjiao (Gleditsia Sinensis fruit juice), dry it, burn it to ash, and make it into powder. Take 2 qian each time, mixed with decoction of Maogen (Imperata Rhizome). Alternatively, crush Jingye (Perilla Leaf) to extract juice and mix with wine for ingestion. Or take a handful of Ciji (Thistle), squeeze out the juice, and mix with half a cup of wine; if fresh material is unavailable, use dried powder mixed with water (3 qian). All are effective.
A formula states: Moss from walls can be used to plug wounds; juice from Cheqiancao (Plantago Herb) can be dripped; lotus pods burned and mixed with water can be applied; coal dust from pot bottoms can be ingested. Pomegranate flower petals can plug wounds; raw Radish juice can be dripped; burned Longgu (Fossilized Bones) can be insufflated; decoction of Maohua (Millet Flower) can be ingested.
Note in Jiujifang: To treat fatal cases of falls and blows, use Renzhongbai (Calculus Ureteralis) from urine pots of men and women. Refine it seven times with red vinegar, grind into powder, and send down with wine (2 qian). Vomiting black blood indicates rescue is possible. Strictly avoid moving the patient; movement renders it untreatable.
General Notes:
Kefa Lianggui (Good Rules for Practice) states: Injuries caused by solid objects affect bones and tendons and should be treated from the perspective of blood. Blood boils when heated, causing rapid harm. First, clear Liver Fire and resolve fire toxins, bleed the affected area, and harmonize the meridians so that blood stasis does not spread and muscles do not ulcerate extensively. Next, strengthen the Spleen and Stomach, improve diet, generate Qi and blood, and subdue Yin fire so that stasis decomposes easily and new flesh regenerates. This is a crucial method. Using harsh purgative drugs will worsen deficiency and stagnation, bringing immediate disaster.
Binhu Jifang (Simple Formulas from Binhu) states: To treat rolling blood stasis from falls or tidal fever, apply Dahuang (Rhubarb Rhizome) powder mixed with Ginger Juice. It turns black-purple after one night and white after two nights.
Fever:
Li Dongyuan stated: Fever during the day and quietness at night indicates Yang Qi flourishing in the Yang divisions. Quietness during the day and fever/restlessness at night indicates Yang sinking into Yin, termed Re Ru Xue Shi (Heat Entering the Blood Chamber). Fever and restlessness both day and night indicate excessive Yang without Yin; urgently drain Yang and tonify Yin.
For Heat Entering the Blood Chamber, occurring when a woman's menses arrive or due to injury, with delirium as if seeing ghosts, use Xiao Chaihu Tang (Minor Bupleurum Decoction) added with Sheng Di Huang (Rehmannia Root) as the principal treatment. Wang Taipou stated: Intermittent fever that comes and goes unpredictably is rootless deficient fire; use Liujunzi Tang (Six Gentlemen Decoction) added with Sheng Jiang (Fresh Ginger) and Rou Gui (Cinnamon Bark); if ineffective, urgently add Fuzi (Prepared Aconite Root), or Bajie Wan (Eight-Ingredient Pill) is best.
Kefa Lianggui states: For injuries with sweating, determine Yin/Yang and Deficiency/Excess to treat. If Yin is deficient and Yang invades, spontaneous sweating occurs; use sweet-cold formulas to tonify Qi, such as Buzhong Yiqi Tang (Tonify the Middle and Augment the Qi Decoction). If Yang is deficient and Yin invades, cold limbs and spontaneous sweating occur; use sweet-warm formulas to assist Yang, such as Shenfu Tang (Ginseng and Aconite Decoction). Spontaneous sweating may also result from severe pain, primarily requiring clearing Liver Fire. Spontaneous and night sweats due to Yin-Yang injury require tonifying Qi and generating Blood. Sweating specifically from the heart region stops by nourishing Heart Blood.
External Pathogens:
Chen Wenzhi stated: Injuries in all seasons with floating-tight pulse, fever, aversion to cold, and body pain indicate external pathogens. Disperse to expel pathogens: Spring uses Wuji San (Five Accumulations Powder) or Suyin Yin; Summer uses Xiangru Yin (Elsholtzia Decoction) or Wuling San (Five Ling Powder); Autumn uses Huoxiang Zhengqi San (Agaricus Rectifying Qi Powder); Winter uses Shuangjie San (Double Resolution Powder). Add Chaihu (Bupleurum Root), Qianhu (Peucedanum Root), Huangqin (Scutellaria Root) for chills and fever; Chuanxiong (Ligusticum Rhizome), Baizhi (Angelica Dahurica Root) for headache; Baizhi (Angelica Dahurica Root), Binglang (Areca Seed), Muxiang (Aucklandia Root) for gout; Banxia (Pinellia Tuber), Chenpi (Tangerine Peel) in equal parts for phlegm, decocted with Congbai (Green Onion White).
Kefa Lianggui states: In injuries with excessive bleeding or ulceration, after healing, if chills, fever, headache, night sweats, irritability, thirst, generalized pain, fatigue, trismus, or phlegm obstruction occur, these are complications due to extreme Qi and Blood deficiency. Urgently tonify Yuan Qi. External pathogens enter through deficiency in injuries; tonification is necessary, treating as external pathogens, otherwise disaster follows.
Yaoshan stated: Injuries mostly involve internal stasis, occasionally accompanied by external pathogens. Chen's discussion covers all seasons and upper/lower modifications, which is steady, but should be cross-referenced with chapters on fever for safer treatment. Students must study carefully.
Coma:
Zhengti Leyao states: For severe injury coma, urgently administer Dushen Tang (Single Ginseng Decoction). Even with internal stasis, do not purge; urgently use Huaruishi San (Flower Rhyolite Powder) to transform stasis, fearing that purging will cause Yin collapse via diarrhea. If Yuan Qi is extremely deficient, do not purge; use the aforementioned powder to transform. For internal stasis causing constipation, use Dahuang (Rhubarb Rhizome) and Poxiao (Mirabilite). For congealed blood not passing, urgently use Muxiang (Aucklandia Root) and Rougui (Cinnamon Bark) powder (2-3 qian) mixed with hot wine and administered; life returns when blood passes. For weak patients using Mirabilite and Rhubarb, add Cinnamon and Aucklandia to borrow warmth to move the cold.
Xuanhui states: For fainting from falls, administer Suhexiang Wan (Styrax Pill) mixed with wine. For traumatic injury, expel evil blood using Su Mu (Sappan Wood) decocted in wine mixed with Suhexiang Wan or Jiming San; or Huoxue Heqi Yin (Invigorate Blood and Harmonize Qi Decoction) with Dahuang and vinegar; or Boy's Urine or Su Mu wine mixed with Heishen San (Black Divine Pill) or Wuyao Shunqi San (Mayapple Regulating Qi Powder).
Chen Yuangong stated: Falling from heights causing unconsciousness is often attributed to evil blood rushing to the heart, but it is actually Qi blocked by blood. Trauma involves blood stasis attacking the heart, but sudden trauma may not disturb the heart. Falling from heights causes shock and fear of death, disturbing the heart beforehand, unlike simple trips. Thus, Qi and Blood become chaotic, leading to coma. Treatment involves expelling stasis and assisting Spleen awakening herbs to disperse blood and open Qi. Merely attacking stasis closes Qi further. Use Suqi Tang (Regulate Qi Decoction): one dose opens Qi, three doses activate blood and cure.
Gulan stated: Before falling, the heart is still; during falling, the body vibrates, so the heart cannot remain still. Since the Heart governs Blood, if the Heart is undisturbed, no stasis occurs. This view is kept for reference.
Kefa Lianggui states: In injuries with broken skin and excessive bleeding causing coma, Qi and Blood are extremely deficient; strongly tonify. If ineffective, urgently add Fuzi (Prepared Aconite Root). If falling heavily without broken skin or bleeding, causing coma, it is internal stasis; focus on dispersing. If ineffective, quickly add Wine-fried Dahuang (Rhubarb Rhizome). If complications arise after purging, it is extreme Qi/Blood deficiency; use Shiquan Dabu Tang (Perfect Ten Great Tonifying Decoction). If coma and sweating result from severe pain, it is blazing Wind-Liver; use cooling Liver and Blood herbs to stop pain and sweat. Treating as external wind accelerates danger.
Also: For head/fatal injuries with prolonged coma, finely chop Congbai (Green Onion White), mash, fry, and apply to the wound. Replace with warm applications as it cools; usually restores consciousness.
Xuanhui states: Blood confusing the Heart orifice causes coma; use Huaruishi San (Flower Rhyolite Powder) with Boy's Urine. Loss of spirit causing temporary unconsciousness requires judgment. Generally, trauma treatment focuses on tonifying Qi and moving Blood. Herbs like Ziran Tong (Natural Copper Pyrite) aid bone setting but are drying and dispersing, potentially harmful like swords, as Danxi noted.
Gulan stated: Falls injure the Liver; if stasis remains, tonifying Qi/Blood may fail to disperse stasis and worsen the condition. Only for weak patients should tonification accompany stasis expulsion.
Jiujifang: For sudden death from blows, if the chest is warm, rescue is possible even after days. Position the deceased squatting on the ground. Have someone pull the hair to press against the anus. Blow Sheng Banxia (Raw Pinellia Tuber) powder into the nose with a bamboo/paper tube. If alive, administer fresh Ginger Juice to detoxify Pinellia.
Yaoshan stated: Human urine is salty, cold, non-toxic, also called Laihui Jiu (Wheel Return Wine) or Huanyuan Tang (Restore Origin Decoction). For trauma with internal stasis and absent pulse, add wine and drink; it promotes elimination of old and generation of new, with great efficacy. Qianjin Fang uses urine for metal wounds, beating injuries, burns, etc. It also treats embedded thorns, bites, snake/scorpion stings when washed. It is a miraculous herb in orthopedics. Fan Ju survived being beaten to death and urinated upon by Wei Qi's guests, later becoming Qin Chancellor. A corrupt Ming official survived being beaten to death and urinated upon by victims' sons. These cases prove urine's efficacy, often ignored due to disgust. Life hangs in the balance; use this cheap, effective remedy on unconscious patients. If oral administration fails, urinate on the head/face to enter the orifices; revival is certain.
Jiujifang Note: For fatal falls/hanging/drowning with warm chest, drip fresh Rooster Comb Blood (male right, female left) into throat/nose; immediate revival. For breathlessness from trauma, use Xianrenchai (Nine-Mile Fragrance Leaf) juice (1 cup) orally; revival occurs if chest is warm. Named Jiuming Dan (Life-Saving Pill).
Dizziness:
Yaoshan stated: Blood deficiency leads to Yin deficiency, causing fever/thirst. Abdominal distension/vomiting implies Spleen Qi deficiency, hence tonification. Falling dizziness is Qi reversal and Blood dizziness. Jiujifang supplement: Use Cunxing (Preserved Nature) Goose Quill Feather (1 qian) mixed with old wine for revival. True Yuan deficiency failing to gather Qi causes dizziness; use tonics. Excessive bleeding dizziness responds to Xionggui Tang (Cyathula and Angelica Decoction).
Irritability:
Li Dongyuan stated: Fever, aversion to cold, extreme thirst, large but forceless pulse is not Baihu Tang syndrome; it is Blood deficiency irritability. Use Danggui Tang (Angelica Decoction). Mr. Pei stated: Muscle heat, irritability, red eyes/face, large-empty pulse indicates Blood deficiency. Mistaking this for Baihu Tang syndrome causes danger or wheezing.
Wheezing:
Yaoshan stated: Wheezing often relates to the Lung, but Neijing states: Fear/falls cause Liver wheezing; water accidents/falls cause Kidney/Bone wheezing. Differentiate treatments.
Vomiting:
Yaoshan stated: Per Xue, stomach injury from cold meds causes fine-slow pulse vomiting; urgently use Liujunzi Tang (Six Gentlemen Decoction) with Shaoyao (Peony Root) and Fuzi (Prepared Aconite Root). Stomach Fire vomiting presents with thirst/brown lips, history of heat, aggravated by spicy/warm meds; use Qingwei San (Clear Stomach Powder) with Zhizi (Gardenia Fruit), Huangqin (Scutellaria Root), Gancao (Licorice Root) for instant relief. Post-ulcer vomiting follows excessive bleeding protocols. Wrong medication harms rather than helps.
Thirst:
Li Dongyuan stated: Fever, aversion to cold, extreme thirst, large-forceless pulse is not Baihu Tang syndrome; it is Blood deficiency irritability and thirst. Use Danggui Buzhong Tang (Angelica Tonify Middle Decoction).
Anorexia:
Zhong Jun stated: A Jiangxi thief with broken ribs refused food. Used 4 liang lean pork, 1 bowl glutinous rice, 4 liang sugar mixed and eaten; healed completely with intact bones. Likely a secret recipe. I note: Blood closure with lethargy/anorexia: Deficiency uses Bajie Tang (Four Substances plus Morinda/Rhubarb); Excess uses Chengqi/Tidang formulas. Qi stagnation anorexia needs Zhishi (Bitter Orange), Baizhu (Atractylodes), Xiangfu (Cyperus), Sharen (Amomum).
Constipation:
Yaoshan stated: Zhengti Leyao: Chest/abdominal pain, constipation, coughing blood indicates stasis; use Danggui Daochi Tang (Angelica Guiding Out Decoction). Abdominal pain, constipation, severe tenderness indicates internal stasis; use Jiawei Chengqi Tang (Modified Chengqi Decoction) to purge. Abdominal stasis unresponsive to Dahuang (Rhubarb) worsening chest pain/shortness of breath: Use Rougui (Cinnamon Bark) and Muxiang (Aucklandia Root) powder (2 qian each) in hot wine to expel stasis. Cold meds cause stagnation; warm herbs move blood. Observe those using only bitter-cold agents!
Kefa Lianggui states: Injury-related dysuria due to bleeding or Yin deficiency/fire requires nourishing Bladder Yin. Due to pain or Lung Qi deficiency failing to generate Kidney Water (short urine), tonify Spleen/Lung Qi to nourish the source. Misusing diuretics damages Yin, bringing disaster. Classics state: Qi transformation produces urine; without Yang, Yin cannot generate; without Yin, Yang cannot transform. Profuse sweating with short urine resolves when sweating stops; avoid diuretics.
Stagnation:
Kefa Lianggui states: Severe blunt trauma causes muscle death even without skin break, resembling a bag of paste. Mild cases have deep stasis; urgently bleed and tonify. Otherwise, high fever, irritability, head pain, trismus resemble Tetanus (Po Shang Feng); this is internal toxic stasis; urgent bleeding resolves symptoms.
Not bleeding releases toxicity; ignore heavy injury/stasis at peril. Remove stasis urgently, then tonify to secure foundation. Ancients said stasis is worse than wolves/tigers, more toxic than snakes/scorpions; delay kills. Physicians must reflect on this!
Yaoshan stated: Per Xue, persistent swelling/pain from stasis requires bleeding; otherwise, pain recurs on cloudy days years later. Blood is Yin, following its kind.
Blood Deficiency:
Kefa Lianggui states: Severe injury with rotting flesh/pus/blood loss leads to Yang following Yin, collapsing Yuan Qi. Rarely is Qi/Blood not deficient. Wise practitioners judge this!
Itching or scratching to sores indicates Blood failing to nourish skin; treat as Blood deficiency; if ineffective, tonify Qi. Post-healing white scales or fabric-like skin separation indicates Qi/Blood deficiency failing to nourish pores; strongly tonify Qi/Blood. Treating as Wind is error.
Numbness with normal face/back indicates Qi deficiency. Blood deficiency causes numbness; this is Yin deficiency with Fire agitation, not Wind. Use raising Yang/nourishing Yin formulas. Treating as Wind is dangerous.
Injuries benefit from strong Qi/Blood tonification to facilitate sloughing and granulation. Practitioners often misuse Shixuan San (Ten Acupoints Powder), limiting Ginseng/Astragalus/Chuanxiong/Angelica due to fear of fullness, using less than 1 qian;