小儿伤风咳嗽，极易变为气逆喘急。但用桑叶钱半，枇杷叶、苦杏仁各二钱，川贝、广陈皮各一钱，炙甘
草五分，一剂不必再服。
小儿伤风自利，腹痛而手足冷者，脾怯也。但用炙桑叶一钱，化橘红、茯苓、猪苓、泽泻各二钱，炙甘草
五分，生姜一片
为引。一剂而止。
小儿伤风呕吐，乳食不消，大便黄白而嫩者，脾肺受寒，不能受纳而吐也。但用炙桑叶一钱，川朴花一朵，
藿香梗八分，款冬花钱半，炙甘草五分，干姜一片为引。
小儿伤风胁痛，目肿多泪而咳者，兼肝证也。照伤风咳嗽方，加甘菊花、白芍各一钱为剂。
小儿伤风面赤汗流，舌苔而咳者，兼心证也。照伤风咳嗽方，加石菖蒲一分，以通心气。
小儿伤风面黄唇肿，少食恶心者，兼脾证也。照伤风自利方去藿香梗、款冬花，加焦建曲钱半，茵陈蒿八
分为剂。
小儿伤风面白眶肿，上气喘急者，为肺本病也。照伤风咳嗽方，加甜葶苈一分为剂。
汉仲景专以伤寒立论，盖以寒为六淫中之要症也。前哲有谓小儿八岁以前无伤寒，不知出于何经，殊难明
了。但八岁以后小儿，气血充足，经脉完固，病伤寒者，则与大人同治。仍自表达里，先皮毛，次肌肉，再次筋
骨肠胃。盖寒邪先在太阳膀胱经，则头痛恶寒，发热脉浮；继传阳明胃经，则目痛鼻干，唇焦不渴；再传少阳胆
经，则目眩耳聋，胸满肋痛，口苦寒热往来，头汗脉弦。此三阳传经之表证也。失治则传入三阴矣。其传入太阴
脾经者，则腹满痛、下利、脉沉。其传入少阴肾经者，则口燥、咽干痛、利清水、目不明，危矣。至传入厥阴肝
经者，则少腹满，舌卷囊缩，手足厥逆，更危矣。亦有不传三阴，而传入少阳胆腑者，则口渴溺赤。传入阳明胃
腑者，则谵语狂乱，燥渴便
闭，转矢气自汗不得眠。以上谓传经伤寒，因寒化火也。其有初起寒邪直中三阴者，其症腹冷痛，吐清沫，利完谷，
蜷卧肢冷，囊缩吐蛔，舌黑而润，脉沉细，此系寒证。以上皆叙小儿八岁以后与大人同治之症象也。若襁褓小儿至八
岁以前，初感寒邪，即当化解。否则小儿质薄神祛，不耐传经，病变错综，而犹泥以伤寒之法治之，吁，误矣。
小儿感受风邪出现咳嗽，很容易转变为气机上逆、喘息急促。只需使用桑叶一钱半，枇杷叶、苦杏仁各二钱，川贝母、广陈皮各一钱，炙甘草五分，服用一剂即可，不必再服。
小儿感受风邪导致腹泻，伴有腹痛且手脚发冷的，是脾气虚弱所致。只需使用炙桑叶一钱，化橘红、茯苓、猪苓、泽泻各二钱，炙甘草五分，生姜一片作为药引。服用一剂后症状即可停止。
小儿感受风邪出现呕吐，乳食不消化，大便呈黄白色且质地稀嫩的，是脾肺受寒，无法受纳食物而导致的呕吐。只需使用炙桑叶一钱，厚朴花一朵，藿香梗八分，款冬花一钱半，炙甘草五分，干姜一片作为药引。
小儿感受风邪出现胁肋疼痛，眼睛肿胀、多泪并伴有咳嗽的，是兼有肝经证候。参照治疗伤风咳嗽的方剂，加入甘菊花、白芍各一钱组成药剂。
小儿感受风邪出现面色发红、出汗流淌，舌苔异常并伴有咳嗽的，是兼有心经证候。参照治疗伤风咳嗽的方剂，加入石菖蒲一分，以疏通心气。
小儿感受风邪出现面色发黄、嘴唇肿胀，食欲减退且恶心的，是兼有脾经证候。参照治疗伤风自利的方剂，去掉藿香梗、款冬花，加入焦建曲一钱半、茵陈蒿八分组成药剂。
小儿感受风邪出现面色苍白、眼眶肿胀，呼吸急促上喘的，这是肺的本病。参照治疗伤风咳嗽的方剂，加入甜葶苈子一分组成药剂。
汉代张仲景专门依据伤寒立论，大概是因为寒邪是六淫（风、寒、暑、湿、燥、火六种外感病邪）中的重要致病因素。前代哲人曾说八岁以下的小儿没有伤寒，不知出自哪部经典，实在难以理解。但是八岁以上的小儿，气血充足，经脉坚固，患伤寒病的，则与成人同样治疗。仍然遵循由表入里的规律，先治皮毛，次治肌肉，再次治筋骨肠胃。寒邪先在太阳膀胱经受邪，则出现头痛、恶寒、发热、脉浮；接着传入阳明胃经，则出现目痛、鼻干、嘴唇焦裂但不口渴；再传入少阳胆经，则出现头晕眼花、耳聋、胸胁胀满疼痛、口苦、寒热往来、头部出汗、脉弦。这是三阳经传变的表证。如果失治，则会传入三阴经。传入太阴脾经的，则出现腹部胀满疼痛、腹泻、脉沉。传入少阴肾经的，则出现口干、咽喉干燥疼痛、下利清水、视力模糊，病情危重。至于传入厥阴肝经的，则出现小腹胀满、舌头卷缩、阴囊收缩、手脚冰凉，更加危重。也有不传入三阴，而传入少阳胆腑的，则出现口渴、小便赤红。传入阳明胃腑的，则出现胡言乱语、狂躁混乱、极度口渴、大便秘结、放屁且自汗、无法入睡。以上称为传经伤寒，是因寒邪转化为火邪所致。其中有初起时寒邪直接中伤三阴经的，症状表现为腹部冷痛、吐出清稀泡沫、完谷不化的腹泻、蜷缩卧床、四肢冰冷、阴囊收缩、吐蛔虫、舌苔黑而湿润、脉象沉细，这属于寒证。以上都是叙述八岁以上小儿与成人同治的症状表现。若是襁褓中的婴儿至八岁以前的小儿，初次感受寒邪，就应当采用化解的方法。否则小儿体质薄弱，神气未充，不耐受传经病变，病情变化错综复杂，如果还拘泥于用治疗伤寒的方法来救治，唉，那就错了。
Pediatric wind-cold cough easily transforms into rebellious Qi and wheezing urgency. Use only 1.5 qian of Sangye (Folium Mori), 2 qian each of Pipaye (Folium Eriobotryae) and Ku Xingren (Semen Armeniacae Amarum), 1 qian each of Chuanbei (Bulbus Fritillariae Cirrhosae) and Guang Chenpi (Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae), and 0.5 qian of Zhi Gancao (Radix Glycyrrhizae Preparata). One dose is sufficient; no further administration is needed.
Pediatric wind-cold with spontaneous diarrhea, abdominal pain, and cold hands and feet indicates Spleen deficiency. Use only 1 qian of Zhi Sangye (Folium Mori Preparatum), 2 qian each of Hua Juhong (Exocarpium Citri Grandis), Fuling (Poria), Zhuling (Polyporus), and Zexie (Rhizoma Alismatis), and 0.5 qian of Zhi Gancao (Radix Glycyrrhizae Preparata), with one slice of Shengjiang (Rhizoma Zingiberis Recens) as a guide. One dose will stop the symptoms.
Pediatric wind-cold with vomiting, indigestion of milk and food, and yellowish-white tender stools indicates Cold invading the Lung and Spleen, leading to vomiting due to inability to receive and transform. Use only 1 qian of Zhi Sangye (Folium Mori Preparatum), one flower of Houpo Hua (Flos Magnoliae Officinalis), 0.8 fen of Huoxiang Geng (Caulis Agastaches), 1.5 qian of Kuidonghua (Flos Farfarae), 0.5 qian of Zhi Gancao (Radix Glycyrrhizae Preparata), and one slice of Ganjiang (Rhizoma Zingiberis Preparatum) as a guide.
Pediatric wind-cold with hypochondriac pain, swollen eyes, excessive tearing, and cough indicates concurrent Liver syndrome. Follow the formula for wind-cold cough, adding 1 qian each of Ganjuhua (Flos Chrysanthemi Indici) and Baishao (Radix Paeoniae Alba).
Pediatric wind-cold with red face, profuse sweating, abnormal tongue coating, and cough indicates concurrent Heart syndrome. Follow the formula for wind-cold cough, adding 0.1 fen of Shichangpu (Rhizoma Acori Tatarinowii) to unblock Heart Qi.
Pediatric wind-cold with yellow complexion, swollen lips, poor appetite, and nausea indicates concurrent Spleen syndrome. Follow the formula for wind-cold spontaneous diarrhea, removing Huoxiang Geng (Caulis Agastaches) and Kuidonghua (Flos Farfarae), and adding 1.5 qian of Jiao Jianqu (Massa Medicata Fermentata Preparata) and 0.8 fen of Yinchenshao (Herba Artemisiae Scopariae).
Pediatric wind-cold with pale complexion, swollen eye orbits, and wheezing urgency indicates primary Lung disease. Follow the formula for wind-cold cough, adding 0.1 fen of Tian Tingli (Semen Lepidii seu Descurainiae).
In the Han Dynasty, Zhang Zhongjing established his theory specifically on Shanghan (Cold Damage), likely because Cold is a major pathogen among the Six Excesses (Wind, Cold, Summerheat, Dampness, Dryness, Fire). Earlier scholars stated that children under eight do not suffer from Shanghan, but the source of this claim is unclear and difficult to comprehend. However, children over eight have sufficient Qi and Blood and solid meridians; thus, Shanghan in these children is treated similarly to adults. Treatment still follows the progression from exterior to interior: first skin and hair, then muscles, then sinews, bones, and intestines/stomach. When Cold Evil initially invades the Taiyang Bladder Meridian, it causes headache, aversion to cold, fever, and floating pulse. Subsequently transmitting to the Yangming Stomach Meridian, it causes eye pain, dry nose, cracked lips without thirst. Further transmitting to the Shaoyang Gallbladder Meridian, it causes dizziness, deafness, chest fullness, hypochondriac pain, bitter taste, alternating chills and fever, head sweat, and wiry pulse. These are exterior syndromes of the Three Yang meridian transmission. If untreated, it transmits to the Three Yin meridians. Transmission to the Taiyin Spleen Meridian causes abdominal fullness and pain, diarrhea, and deep pulse. Transmission to the Shaoyin Kidney Meridian causes dry mouth, sore throat, watery diarrhea, blurred vision, which is critical. Transmission to the Jueyin Liver Meridian causes lower abdominal fullness, curled tongue, retracted scrotum, and cold extremities, which is even more critical. Some cases do not transmit to the Three Yin but to the Shaoyang Gallbladder Fu-organ, causing thirst and dark urine. Transmission to the Yangming Stomach Fu-organ causes delirium, mania, extreme thirst, constipation, flatus, spontaneous sweating, and insomnia. The above are referred to as meridian-transmitting Shanghan, where Cold transforms into Fire. In some cases, Cold Evil directly strikes the Three Yin meridians at onset, presenting with cold abdominal pain, vomiting clear fluid, undigested stool in diarrhea, curling up with cold limbs, retracted scrotum, vomiting roundworms, black and moist tongue coating, and deep-thin pulse; this is a Cold syndrome. The above describes symptoms for children over eight treated like adults. For infants in swaddling clothes to children under eight, initial Cold Evil invasion should be resolved immediately. Otherwise, children have thin constitution and undeveloped Shen (Spirit), unable to withstand meridian transmission; diseases become complex. Clinging to Shanghan treatment methods for them is indeed an error.