治气不升降，霍乱转筋，呕吐泄泻，寒热交作。
缩砂仁 半夏 杏仁 人参 甘草（炙） 赤茯苓 藿香叶 白扁豆（姜汁炒）
木瓜 香薷 浓朴（姜汁制） 姜枣水煎服。
治小儿伏热，呕吐烦渴，五心热，小便赤少。
香薷（三钱） 淡竹叶 人参 半夏曲 檀香（各二钱） 甘草（一钱） 茯苓（三钱） 粳米（五钱）
姜枣同煎，食远冷服。
（一名益元散、一名天水散）
治伤暑。一方加辰砂名辰砂益元散；一方加青黛名青黛益元散。
滑石（六两，研细，水飞） 甘草（一两，晒燥） 为末，新汲水或冷灯心汤下。
治中暑。捣西瓜汁，滤去渣，灌即醒。
治小儿伏暑作渴。
猪苓 白术 赤茯苓（各五钱） 泽泻（七钱五分） 为末，用车前子、灯心同煎汤调
服。如吐不止加生姜自然汁。
暑为阳邪，心属离火，故暑先入心，从其类也。六月暑气尽出于地上，此气之浮
也。《经》曰∶夏气在经络，长夏气在肌肉，表实里必虚，气热则走泄，故《经》曰∶脉
虚身热，得之伤暑。然盛热之气着人，有冒、有伤、有中，三者有轻重之分，虚实之
辨。若腹痛水泄者，胃与大肠受之，恶心者，胃口有痰饮也，此所谓冒暑也，可用黄
连香薷饮为主，随症加减。盖黄连退暑热，香薷消蓄水，若身热头疼，躁乱不宁，或身
如针刺者，此热伤在肉分，为伤暑也，当以白虎汤加柴胡。如气虚者加人参。若咳嗽寒
热，盗汗不止脉数者，热在肺经，为中暑也。此乃盛火乘金，急治则可，迟则不救，
宜用天水散之类，却暑清肺，或生脉饮加减主之。东垣论暑症，同冬月伤寒，传变为症
不一，彼为寒邪伤形，此则暑热伤气。若元气虚甚，有一时不救者，与伤寒阴毒，顷刻
害人实同也。
脉盛身热，谓之中热，乃有余之症，其候头疼壮热，大渴引饮，宜清凉之剂。脉虚
身热谓之中暑，乃不足之症，其候头痛恶寒，形面拘垢，宜用温散之剂。甚有阴寒之
极者，法当补阳气为主，先哲大用姜附，此《内经》舍时从症之法也。若香薷饮者，乃
散阳气导真阴之剂，时珍曰∶香薷乃是夏月解表之药，犹冬月之用麻黄。若气虚房劳用
之，反成大害。
长夏炎蒸，湿土司令，故暑必兼湿。凡儿便秘烦渴，或吐或利者，以湿盛则气不得
施化也。故治惟宜扶脾和胃，以助施化，湿自散矣。
暑风者，夏月卒倒，不省人事者是也。有因火者，有因痰者。夫火，君相二火也；
暑，天地二火也，内外合而炎烁，所以卒倒也。痰乃人身之津液，因暑气鼓激而为痰，
碍塞心之发道，手足不知动蹑而卒倒也。如人实者，二症皆可用吐。《经》曰∶火郁则
发之。吐即发散也，吐醒后，可用清剂调治，切不可饮以冷水及卧湿地，闭绝三焦流
通之气，为害不小。
注夏者属阴，而元气不足。凡夏初春末头疼脚软，食少体热者是也，宜补中汤，去
升柴加炒柏白芍主之。
天时至于夏，天道南行，属火而热，在人则心应之。然寒则伤形，热则伤气，人与
天地同一橐龠。夏月天之阳气，浮于地表，人之阳气，浮于肌表，况被盛暑所伤，肤腠
疏豁，气液为汗，发泄于外，是表里之气俱虚矣。不善摄生者，暑热伤于外，生冷戕于
中，若之何而能运化也。是以水谷停积而为湿热，发为呕吐，为泄泻，甚则吐泻俱作，
而挥霍乱也。若不即病，则湿热怫郁于内，他日为疟为痢之所由也。人谓伏阴在内者，
阴字有虚之义。若作阴冷，其误甚矣。
暑为阳邪，故蒸热；暑必兼湿，故自汗；暑湿于心则烦，于脉则渴，于脾则吐
利，上蒸于头，则重而痛。暑能伤气，故倦怠。夏至日后病热为暑，暑者，相火行令
也，人感之，自口齿而入，伤心包络之经，暑喜伤心故也。其脉虚或浮大而散，或弦细
芤迟，盖热伤气，则气消而脉虚弱，治法大略宜清心，利小便，补真气为要。热渴者，
并宜滋水，盖渴则阳气内伐，热含于肾，令人骨乏无力，总由火盛则金病，水衰肾与膀
胱俱竭之状，当急救之，滋肺气以补水之上源，所以有生脉散，既扶元气，复保肺生津
耳。
一凡行人或农夫，于日中劳役得之者，为中 ，是动而得之，阳症也。其病必苦头
痛，发燥热而恶热，扪之肌肤则火热，而汗大泄，无气以动，大渴引饮，乃天热外伤元
气也，宜清暑益气，用香薷、黄连、扁豆、人参、黄 、五味、知母、石膏之类。若吐
泻脉沉微者，不可用凉药。
一凡无病之人，或避暑热，纳凉于深堂大厦，凉台冷馆，大扇风车得之者，是静而
得之，阴症也。其病必头痛恶寒，身形拘急，肢节疼痛而心烦，肌肤大热而无汗，此
为阴寒所遏，使周身阳气不得伸越，宜辛温之剂以解表解寒，发起阳气，散水和脾则
愈，用浓朴、紫苏、干葛、藿香、羌活、苍术之类，此名为中暑，实亦伤寒之类耳。若
外既受寒，内复伤冷，则于前药再加干姜、缩砂、神曲之类，此非治暑也，治因暑而致
病者也。
一既伤暑热，复伤生冷，当此阳外阴内之时，复犯外热内寒之症，尤宜先治其内，
温中消食，次治其外，清暑补气，仍以理脾为主，而于前阴阳二条内，相兼取用，盖夏
月阳气浮外，阴气伏内。若饮食劳倦，内伤中气，或酷暑劳役，外伤阳气者，常多患
之，法当调补元气，佐以解暑。若阴寒之症，宜用大顺散，桂附大辛热之药，此《内
经》舍时从症之良法，令人患暑症殁，而手足指甲青黯，此皆不究其因，不温其内，泛
用香薷饮之类所误，夫香薷饮乃散阳气导泄真阴之剂也，有是症而服之，斯为对症。若
未患暑病先服预防，适所以招暑也。加人元气素虚，或房劳过度，而饮之者为祸尤甚。
若欲预防，惟生脉散为夏令最宜。
风寒湿皆地之气，系浊邪，所以俱中足经，暑乃天之气，系清邪而且属火，所以多
中手少阴心经，其症多与伤寒相似，但伤寒初病，未至烦渴，暑初病即渴，伤寒脉必浮
盛，暑脉虚弱，为不同耳。
暑乃六气之一，即天上火，惟此火可寒水折之，非比炉中火、龙雷火也。然暑伤
心，心属南方火，从其类也。小肠为心之腑，利心经暑毒，使由小肠出，故青蒿、香
薷为要药。暑病不得发汗者，盖暑热伤气，汗为心液，汗多亡阳耳。
有因伤暑，极饮冷水，或医者过投冷剂，致吐利不止，外热内寒，烦躁多渴，甚
欲裸形，状如伤寒，此阴盛格阳，宜用温药香薷饮，加附子，或五苓汤佳，妙在肉桂，
并宜冷服。盖三伏之中，伤寒发热，与伤暑发热，症候相似，而治天渊，辨认不真，祸
如反掌。《经》曰∶脉盛身寒，得之伤寒；脉虚身热，得之伤暑。夫寒伤形，不伤气，
所以脉盛。热伤气不伤形，所以脉虚。且心主脉，肺朝百脉，肺旺则四脏之气皆旺，肺
虚则脉绝短气也。伤寒发热，寒邪伤卫，邪客于表，故无汗，属有余症，主治在外。伤
暑发热，热邪伤荣，元气有伤，故多汗，为不足症，主治在内。总暑热之邪，易伤元
气，况腹中阳虚，阴伏在内，故圣人立法，未有罔顾天元之真气为主。
有因冒暑，吐极胃虚，百药不入，粒米不受，病甚危笃，急用人参一钱，黄连五
分，姜汁炒焦，糯米一撮。水煎一小钟，候冷，茶匙徐徐润下，少顷再入一匙，得数匙
不吐，尽一小杯，便可投药食矣。若脉沉迟微细，手足厥冷者，又宜温补，以热药冷冻饮料
之法，则黄连又所禁用矣。
四月属已，五月属午，火太旺则金衰。六月属未土，太旺则水衰，故在夏候，宜滋
养金水二脏为主，盖肾水藉肺金以补其不足，今当金水两衰，子母俱困，故古人于夏
月独宿淡味，兢兢业业，意有在也。十月属亥，十一日属子，正火气潜藏，必养其本，
然之真，以助来春生发之气，且春末夏初，无头疼脚软诸病，故《经》曰∶冬藏精者，
春不病温。
人当酷暑，则身中之阳，体天道浮越地表而难藏，百脉之阴感时令，树木流津而莫
敛，中气疏泄而耗散，一阴来复，而始生，火太旺，则金水受伤，阳既虚则心脾俱困，
卫生君子，可不谨诸。
治疗气机升降失常，霍乱转筋，呕吐泄泻，寒热交替发作。
缩砂仁、半夏、杏仁、人参、甘草（炙）、赤茯苓、藿香叶、白扁豆（姜汁炒）、木瓜、香薷、浓朴（姜汁制），用生姜和大枣煎水服用。
治疗小儿伏热，呕吐烦渴，五心发热，小便短赤。
香薷（三钱）、淡竹叶、人参、半夏曲、檀香（各二钱）、甘草（一钱）、茯苓（三钱）、粳米（五钱），加生姜和大枣同煎，饭后稍凉后服用。
（又名益元散、天水散）
治疗伤暑。一方加入辰砂名为辰砂益元散；一方加入青黛名为青黛益元散。
滑石（六两，研细，水飞法处理）、甘草（一两，晒干干燥），研为粉末，用新汲水或冷灯心草汤送服。
治疗中暑。捣取西瓜汁，过滤去渣，灌服即可苏醒。
治疗小儿伏暑引起的口渴。
猪苓、白术、赤茯苓（各五钱）、泽泻（七钱五分），研为粉末，用车前子和灯心草同煎的汤调服。如果呕吐不止，加入生姜自然汁。
暑是阳邪，心属离火，所以暑邪先入心，这是同类相从的道理。六月暑气完全出于地面，这是气之浮越。《内经》说：夏气在经络，长夏气在肌肉，表实里必虚，气热则耗散，所以《内经》说：脉虚身热，得之于伤暑。然而盛热之气侵袭人体，有冒、有伤、有中，这三者有轻重之分，虚实之辨。如果腹痛水样腹泻，是胃与大肠受邪；恶心，是胃口有痰饮，这叫做冒暑，可用黄连香薷饮为主方，随症状加减。因为黄连退暑热，香薷消蓄水，如果身热头痛，烦躁不宁，或者身体像针刺一样疼痛，这是热伤在肉分，叫做伤暑，应当用白虎汤加柴胡。如果气虚的人加人参。如果咳嗽寒热，盗汗不止且脉数，这是热在肺经，叫做中暑。这是盛火乘金，急治则可，迟则无法救治，宜用天水散之类，清暑润肺，或者生脉饮加减主治。东垣论述暑症，与冬季伤寒相似，传变成为病症不一，那是寒邪伤形，而这里是暑热伤气。如果元气非常虚弱，有一时无法救治的，与伤寒阴毒顷刻害人其实是一样的。
脉象盛大身热，称为中热，属于有余的病症，其症状是头痛壮热，大渴引饮，宜用清凉的药剂。脉虚身热称为中暑，属于不足的病症，其症状是头痛恶寒，形体面色拘急垢腻，宜用温散的药剂。甚至有阴寒至极的，治法应当以补阳气为主，先哲大量使用姜附，这是《内经》舍时从症的治法。至于香薷饮，是发散阳气、引导真阴的药剂，时珍说：香薷乃是夏季解表的药物，如同冬季使用麻黄。如果气虚房劳之人使用它，反而造成大害。
长夏炎热蒸腾，湿土当令，所以暑必兼湿。凡是小儿便秘烦渴，或者呕吐或者腹泻的，是因为湿盛导致气机不能施化。所以治疗只宜扶脾和胃，以助施化，湿气自然消散。
暑风，是夏季突然昏倒，不省人事的症状。有因火的，有因痰的。火，指君火和相火；暑，指天火和地火，内外合而炎烁，所以突然昏倒。痰是人身的津液，因暑气鼓激而成痰，阻碍心的发道，手足不知动作而突然昏倒。如果是实证患者，这两种情况都可以用吐法。《内经》说：火郁则发之。吐就是发散，吐醒后，可用清剂调理，切不可饮用冷水及卧于湿地，闭塞三焦流通之气，危害不小。
注夏，属于阴证，而元气不足。凡是夏初春末出现头疼脚软，食少体热的，就是这种情况，宜用补中益气汤，去掉升麻、柴胡，加炒黄柏、白芍主治。
天时到了夏天，天道南行，属火而热，在人则心与之相应。然而寒则伤形，热则伤气，人与天地如同一橐龠（风箱）。夏季天之阳气，浮于地表，人之阳气，浮于肌表，何况被盛暑所伤，皮肤腠理疏豁，气液化为汗，发泄于外，这样表里之气都虚了。不善于养生的人，暑热伤于外，生冷戕害于中，怎么能运化呢？因此水谷停积而为湿热，发为呕吐，发为泄泻，甚至吐泻俱作，而挥霍乱也。如果不立即发病，则湿热怫郁于内，日后成为疟疾痢疾的原因。人们说伏阴在内，阴字有虚的含义。如果当作阴冷，那就大错特错了。
暑是阳邪，所以蒸热；暑必兼湿，所以自汗；暑湿于心则烦，于脉则渴，于脾则吐利，上蒸于头，则重而痛。暑能伤气，所以倦怠。夏至日后病热为暑，暑者，相火行令也，人感之，自口齿而入，伤心包络之经，因为暑喜伤心。其脉虚或浮大而散，或弦细芤迟，因为热伤气，则气消而脉虚弱，治法大致宜清心，利小便，补真气为要。热渴者，并宜滋水，因为渴则阳气内伐，热含于肾，令人骨乏无力，总由火盛则金病，水衰肾与膀胱俱竭之状，应当急救之，滋肺气以补水之上源，所以有生脉散，既扶元气，复保肺生津耳。
一是凡行人或农夫，在日中劳役得病的，为中暍，是动而得之，阳症。其病必定苦于头痛，发燥热而恶热，摸之肌肤则火热，而汗大泄，无气以动，大渴引饮，是天热外伤元气，宜清暑益气，用香薷、黄连、扁豆、人参、黄芪、五味子、知母、石膏之类。如果吐泻脉沉微者，不可用凉药。
一是凡无病之人，或者避暑热，纳凉于深堂大厦，凉台冷馆，大扇风车得病的，是静而得之，阴症。其病必定头痛恶寒，身形拘急，肢节疼痛而心烦，肌肤大热而无汗，此为阴寒所遏，使周身阳气不得伸越，宜辛温之剂以解表解寒，发起阳气，散水和脾则愈，用浓朴、紫苏、干葛、藿香、羌活、苍术之类，此名为中暑，实则也是伤寒之类。如果外既受寒，内复伤冷，则在前药中再加干姜、缩砂、神曲之类，这不是治暑，而是治因暑而致病的。
一是既伤暑热，又伤生冷，当此阳外阴内之时，又犯外热内寒之症，尤其应当先治其内，温中消食，次治其外，清暑补气，仍以理脾为主，而在前阴阳二条内，相兼取用，因为夏月阳气浮外，阴气伏内。如果饮食劳倦，内伤中气，或者酷暑劳役，外伤阳气者，常多患之，法当调补元气，佐以解暑。若阴寒之症，宜用大顺散，桂附大辛热之药，这是《内经》舍时从症的良法，让人患暑症死亡，而手足指甲青黯，这都是不究其因，不温其内，泛用香薷饮之类所误，夫香薷饮乃散阳气导泄真阴之剂也，有是症而服之，斯为对症。若未患暑病先服预防，适所以招暑也。加上人元气素虚，或房劳过度，而饮之者为祸尤甚。若想预防，惟生脉散为夏令最宜。
风寒湿都是地之气，系浊邪，所以都中足经，暑乃天之气，系清邪而且属火，所以多中手少阴心经，其症多与伤寒相似，但伤寒初病，未至烦渴，暑初病即渴，伤寒脉必浮盛，暑脉虚弱，为不同耳。
暑是六气之一，即天上火，只有此火可寒水折之，非比炉中火、龙雷火也。然而暑伤心，心属南方火，从其类也。小肠为心之腑，利心经暑毒，使由小肠出，故青蒿、香薷为要药。暑病不得发汗者，盖暑热伤气，汗为心液，汗多亡阳耳。
有因伤暑，极饮冷水，或者医者过投冷剂，致吐利不止，外热内寒，烦躁多渴，甚欲裸形，状如伤寒，此阴盛格阳，宜用温药香薷饮，加附子，或者五苓汤佳，妙在肉桂，并宜冷服。盖三伏之中，伤寒发热，与伤暑发热，症候相似，而治天渊，辨认不真，祸如反掌。《内经》说：脉盛身寒，得之伤寒；脉虚身热，得之伤暑。夫寒伤形，不伤气，所以脉盛。热伤气不伤形，所以脉虚。且心主脉，肺朝百脉，肺旺则四脏之气皆旺，肺虚则脉绝短气也。伤寒发热，寒邪伤卫，邪客于表，故无汗，属有余症，主治在外。伤暑发热，热邪伤荣，元气有伤，故多汗，为不足症，主治在内。总之暑热之邪，易伤元气，况腹中阳虚，阴伏在内，所以圣人立法，未有罔顾天元之真气为主。
有因冒暑，吐极胃虚，百药不入，粒米不受，病甚危笃，急用人参一钱，黄连五分，姜汁炒焦，糯米一撮。水煎一小钟，候冷，茶匙徐徐润下，少顷再入一匙，得数匙不吐，尽一小杯，便可投药食矣。若脉沉迟微细，手足厥冷者，又宜温补，以热药冷冻饮料之法，则黄连又所禁用矣。
四月属巳，五月属午，火太旺则金衰。六月属未土，太旺则水衰，所以在夏候，宜滋养金水二脏为主，因为肾水藉肺金以补其不足，今当金水两衰，子母俱困，所以古人于夏月独宿淡味，兢兢业业，意有在也。十月属亥，十一月属子，正火气潜藏，必养其本，然之真，以助来春生发之气，且春末夏初，无头疼脚软诸病，所以《内经》说：冬藏精者，春不病温。
人当酷暑，则身中之阳，体天道浮越地表而难藏，百脉之阴感时令，树木流津而莫敛，中气疏泄而耗散，一阴来复，而始生，火太旺，则金水受伤，阳既虚则心脾俱困，卫生君子，可不谨诸。
Treats dysfunction of Qi ascending and descending, cholera with muscle spasms (Huo Luan Zhuan Jin), vomiting and diarrhea, and alternating chills and fever.
Sha Ren (Amomum Fruit), Ban Xia (Pinellia Rhizome), Xing Ren (Apricot Seed), Ren Shen (Ginseng Root), Zhi Gan Cao (Honey-fried Licorice Root), Chi Fu Ling (Red Poria), Huo Xiang Ye (Patchouli Leaf), Chao Bai Bian Dou (Fried White Hyacinth Bean with Ginger Juice), Mu Gua (Chaenomeles Fruit), Xiang Ru (Mosla Herb), Zhi Nong Po (Processed Magnolia Bark). Decoct with Sheng Jiang (Fresh Ginger) and Da Zao (Jujube) and take orally.
Treats latent heat in children, vomiting with irritability and thirst, heat in the five centers (palms, soles, and chest), and scanty dark urine.
Xiang Ru (Mosla Herb, 3 qian), Dan Zhu Ye (Lophatherum Leaf), Ren Shen (Ginseng Root), Ban Xia Qu (Pinellia Fermented Dough), Tan Xiang (Sandalwood Wood, each 2 qian), Gan Cao (Licorice Root, 1 qian), Fu Ling (Poria, 3 qian), Geng Mi (Rice Grain, 5 qian). Decoct together with Sheng Jiang (Fresh Ginger) and Da Zao (Jujube), cool to room temperature, and take after meals.
(Also known as Yi Yuan San or Tian Shui San)
Treats injury by summerheat. One formula adds Chen Sha (Cinnabar) to be named Chen Sha Yi Yuan San; another adds Qing Dai (Indigo Naturalis) to be named Qing Dai Yi Yuan San.
Hua Shi (Talcum Powder, 6 liang, finely ground and processed by water flotation), Gan Cao (Licorice Root, 1 liang, sun-dried). Grind into powder, take with fresh well-water or cold Deng Xin Cao Tang (Juncus Decoction).
Treats heatstroke (Zhong Shu). Crush watermelon juice, filter out the dregs, and administer orally to restore consciousness immediately.
Treats thirst caused by latent summerheat in children.
Zhu Ling (Polyporus), Bai Zhu (Atractylodes Macrocephala Rhizome), Chi Fu Ling (Red Poria, each 5 qian), Ze Xie (Alisma Rhizome, 7.5 qian). Grind into powder, mix with decoction of Che Qian Zi (Plantago Seed) and Deng Xin Cao (Juncus Stamen) and take orally. If vomiting persists, add Sheng Jiang Zhi Ran Zhi (Fresh Ginger Juice).
Summerheat is a Yang pathogen. The Heart belongs to Li Fire, so summerheat enters the Heart first, following the principle of similarity. In the sixth lunar month, summerheat qi emanates entirely from the ground, representing floating qi. The *Classic* states: "Summer qi resides in the meridians, Changxia (late summer) qi resides in the muscles." When the exterior is excess, the interior must be deficient; when Qi is hot, it dissipates. Thus, the *Classic* says: "Pulse is empty, body is hot, acquired from injury by summerheat." However, when intense heat attacks the person, there are degrees of "covering" (Mao), "injuring" (Shang), and "smiting" (Zhong), distinguishing severity and deficiency/excess. If there is abdominal pain and watery diarrhea, the Stomach and Large Intestine are affected; if there is nausea, phlegm-fluid retention exists at the stomach opening. This is called "Mao Shu" (Covered Summerheat), treatable primarily with Huang Lian Xiang Ru Yin (Coptis and Mosla Decoction), modified according to symptoms. Huang Lian clears summerheat-heat, Xiang Ru resolves accumulated fluid. If there is body heat, headache, restlessness, or sensation like needle pricks, the heat has injured the flesh layer, termed "Shang Shu" (Injured Summerheat); treat with Bai Hu Tang (White Tiger Decoction) plus Chai Hu (Bupleurum Root). Add Ren Shen (Ginseng Root) for Qi deficiency. If there is cough, alternating chills and fever, night sweats, and rapid pulse, the heat is in the Lung Meridian, termed "Zhong Shu" (Smiting Summerheat). This is excessive fire overcoming Metal; urgent treatment is curative, delay is fatal. Use Tian Shui San (Sky Water Powder) to clear summerheat and moisten the Lung, or modify Sheng Mai Yin (Generate the Pulse Drink). Dong Yuan discussed summerheat syndromes as similar to winter Cold Damage, with varied transformations. There, Cold damages the form; here, Summerheat damages Qi. If Yuan Qi is severely deficient, death may occur instantly, similar to Yin Toxin in Cold Damage.
Pulse is full and body is hot: termed "Zhong Re" (Middle Heat), an Excess syndrome. Symptoms include severe headache, high fever, and extreme thirst with desire to drink. Use cooling agents. Pulse is empty and body is hot: termed "Zhong Shu" (Smiting Summerheat), a Deficiency syndrome. Symptoms include headache, aversion to cold, stiff posture, and dull complexion. Use warming dispersants. In cases of extreme Yin-Cold, the method should prioritize tonifying Yang Qi. Ancients used large doses of Sheng Jiang (Fresh Ginger) and Fu Zi (Prepared Aconite Root); this follows the *Nei Jing* principle of "abandoning the season to follow the syndrome." Regarding Xiang Ru Yin, it is a formula that disperses Yang Qi and guides True Yin. Shizhen said: "Xiang Ru is the exterior-releasing herb for summer, just as Ma Huang (Ephedra) is for winter." Using it for those with Qi deficiency or post-coital depletion causes great harm.
During Changxia (late summer), heat steams and Damp Earth governs, so summerheat always combines with dampness. For children with constipation, irritability, thirst, vomiting, or diarrhea, it is because excessive dampness prevents Qi transformation. Therefore, treatment should support the Spleen and harmonize the Stomach to aid transformation, causing dampness to disperse naturally.
"Shu Feng" (Summerwind) refers to sudden collapse and loss of consciousness in summer. It can be due to Fire or Phlegm. Fire refers to Ministerial Fire and Sovereign Fire; Summerheat refers to Heavenly Fire and Earthly Fire. Internal and external fires combine to scorch, causing sudden collapse. Phlegm is body fluids agitated by summerheat qi, obstructing the heart's orifices, leading to immobility and sudden collapse. For robust patients, both conditions can be treated with emesis. The *Classic* says: "For stagnated fire, vent it." Emesis is a form of venting. After waking, use clearing agents. Do not drink cold water or lie on damp ground, as this blocks the flow of Qi in the Triple Burner, causing significant harm.
"Zhu Xia" (Staying in Summer) belongs to Yin syndromes with insufficient Yuan Qi. Symptoms in early summer/late spring include headache, weak legs, poor appetite, and low-grade fever. Use Bu Zhong Yi Qi Tang (Tonify the Middle and Augment the Qi Decoction), remove Sheng Ma (Cimicifuga Rhizome) and Chai Hu (Bupleurum Root), add Chao Bai Shao (Fried White Peony Root) and Chao Huang Bo (Fried Phellodendron Bark).
When heaven reaches summer, the Way moves south, belonging to Fire and heat, corresponding to the Heart in humans. Cold damages form; heat damages Qi. Humans and heaven-earth function like a bellows. In summer, heavenly Yang Qi floats on the surface; human Yang Qi floats on the skin/muscle layers. Affected by intense summerheat, pores open, Qi and fluids escape as sweat externally, leaving both interior and exterior Qi deficient. Those who do not preserve health suffer external summerheat and internal damage from raw/cold foods, hindering transformation. Thus, food and water stagnate into Damp-Heat, causing vomiting and diarrhea, or both simultaneously ("Huo Zhuo Luan"). If not immediate, Damp-Heat stagnates internally, later becoming Malaria or Dysentery. People speak of "latent Yin inside"; "Yin" implies deficiency. Interpreting it as literal cold is a grave error.
Summerheat is Yang, thus steaming heat; it combines with Damp, thus spontaneous sweating; affecting the Heart causes irritability, affecting the pulse causes thirst, affecting the Spleen causes vomiting/diarrhea, rising to the head causes heaviness and pain. Summerheat damages Qi, causing fatigue. Fever after Summer Solstice is Summerheat, governed by Ministerial Fire. Entering via mouth/teeth, it injures the Pericardium Meridian, as Summerheat favors injuring the Heart. Pulses may be empty, floating-large-scattered, wiry-thin-hollow-slow. Heat damages Qi, depleting Qi and weakening the pulse. Treatment generally prioritizes clearing the Heart, promoting urination, and tonifying True Qi. For heat/thirst, nourish Water. Thirst indicates internal attack by Yang Qi, heat stored in Kidney, causing bone weakness. Ultimately, excessive Fire damages Metal, Water declines, Kidney and Bladder exhaust. Urgently rescue by nourishing Lung Qi to supplement the upper source of Water. Hence, Sheng Mai San (Generate the Pulse Powder) supports Yuan Qi and preserves Lung to generate fluids.
One type: Pedestrians or farmers working under the sun acquire "Zhong Yue" (Heatstroke), obtained through movement, a Yang syndrome. Symptoms: severe headache, dry heat, aversion to heat, burning skin, profuse sweating, lethargy, extreme thirst. Caused by heavenly heat damaging Yuan Qi externally. Clear summerheat and tonify Qi using Xiang Ru (Mosla), Huang Lian (Coptis), Bian Dou (Hyacinth Bean), Ren Shen (Ginseng), Huang Qi (Astragalus), Wu Wei Zi (Schisandra), Zhi Mu (Anemarrhena), Shi Gao (Gypsum). If vomiting/diarrhea with deep/faint pulse, avoid cooling drugs.
Another type: Healthy people seeking coolness in deep halls, pavilions, using fans/wind machines acquire illness through stillness, a Yin syndrome. Symptoms: headache, aversion to cold, stiff body, joint pain, irritability, hot skin without sweat. Blocked by Yin-Cold, preventing Yang Qi extension. Use acrid-warm agents to release exterior and cold, raise Yang Qi, scatter water and harmonize Spleen. Use Hou Po (Magnolia Bark), Zi Su (Perilla Leaf), Ge Gen (Kudzu Root), Huo Xiang (Patchouli), Qiang Huo (Notopterygium Rhizome), Cang Zhu (Atractylodes Rhizome). Named "Zhong Shu," but essentially Cold Damage. If external cold and internal cold-cold injury, add Gan Jiang (Dried Ginger), Suo Sha (Amomum), Shen Qu (Medicated Leaven). This treats illness caused by summerheat, not summerheat itself.
One type: Injury by summerheat combined with raw/cold injury during times of external Yang/internal Yin. Prioritize treating the interior: warm middle, digest food; then treat exterior: clear summerheat, tonify Qi, focusing on Spleen. Combine previous Yin/Yang approaches. Summer Yang floats outside, Yin hides inside. Diet/labor damage middle Qi; extreme heat/labor damages exterior Yang. Regulate and tonify Yuan Qi, assist with summerheat resolution. For Yin-Cold syndromes, use Da Shun San (Great Smooth Powder) with Gui (Cinnamon) and Fu Zi (Aconite), large acrid-hot drugs. This is the *Nei Jing* method of abandoning season for syndrome. Death from summerheat with cyanotic nails results from failing to investigate cause, failing to warm interior, and indiscriminately using Xiang Ru Yin. Xiang Ru Yin disperses Yang and drains True Yin; use only if indicated. Preventive use invites summerheat. Especially dangerous for those with inherent Qi deficiency or sexual exhaustion. For prevention, Sheng Mai San is best for summer.
Wind, Cold, Damp are Earth Qi, turbid pathogens, affecting Foot meridians. Summerheat is Heaven Qi, clear pathogen, Fire element, mostly affecting Hand-Shaoyin Heart Meridian. Symptoms resemble Cold Damage, but initial Cold Damage lacks irritability/thirst, while Summerheat has immediate thirst. Cold Damage pulse is floating-full; Summerheat pulse is empty-weak. Different.
Summerheat is one of Six Qi, Heavenly Fire. Only Cold Water can counteract it, unlike furnace fire or Dragon Thunder fire. Summerheat injures Heart (South Fire), following similarity. Small Intestine is Heart's paired organ; draining Heart summerheat toxin via Small Intestine makes Qing Hao (Artemisia Annua) and Xiang Ru (Mosla) key herbs. Summerheat diseases should not induce sweating, as heat damages Qi, sweat is Heart fluid, excessive sweating loses Yang.
Some, after summerheat injury, drink excessive cold water or receive too many cold medicines, causing persistent vomiting/diarrhea, external heat/internal cold, irritability, thirst, desire to undress, resembling Cold Damage. This is Yin excess repelling Yang. Use warm Xiang Ru Yin with Fu Zi (Aconite), or Wu Ling San (Five-Ingredient Powder with Poria), adding Rou Gui (Cinnamon Bark) is excellent. Take cold. During Dog Days, Cold Damage fever and Summerheat fever look similar but treatments differ vastly. Misidentification causes disaster. *Classic*: "Full pulse, cold body = Cold Damage; Empty pulse, hot body = Summerheat." Cold damages form, not Qi, hence full pulse. Heat damages Qi, not form, hence empty pulse. Heart governs pulse; Lung directs all pulses. Lung prosperity strengthens four organs; Lung deficiency leads to pulse absence and shortness of breath. Cold Damage fever: Cold damages Wei, pathogen in exterior, no sweat, Excess, treat exterior. Summerheat fever: Heat damages Ying, Yuan Qi damaged, profuse sweat, Deficiency, treat interior. Summerheat easily damages Yuan Qi. With internal Yang deficiency and hidden Yin, sages legislate prioritizing Heavenly True Qi.
Some, after covering summerheat, vomit excessively, Stomach becomes deficient, rejecting all medicine/food, critical condition. Urgently use Ren Shen (Ginseng, 1 qian), Huang Lian (Coptis, 0.5 qian), stir-fried with ginger juice until charred, Nuomi (Glutinous Rice, a pinch). Decoct in small cup of water, cool, slowly moisten mouth with tea spoon, repeat until several spoons tolerated without vomiting, finish cup, then administer other medicines/food. If pulse is deep/slow/fine/thin, limbs cold, use warming tonification. Use hot medicine taken cold method; Huang Lian is contraindicated.
Fourth month Si, Fifth month Wu, Fire too strong damages Metal. Sixth month Wei Earth, too strong damages Water. In summer, nourish Metal and Water organs. Kidney Water relies on Lung Metal to supplement deficiency. Now both Metal and Water decline, mother and child distressed. Ancients lived simply and ate bland in summer for this reason. Tenth month Hai, Eleventh month Zi, Fire Qi hides. Must nourish root and truth to aid Spring growth. Late Spring/Early Summer lack headache/weak leg diseases. *Classic*: "Those who store Essence in Winter do not get Warm diseases in Spring."
In extreme heat, human Yang follows heaven, floating on surface, hard to hide. Yin of hundred vessels feels season, sap flows in trees, cannot gather. Middle Qi leaks and dissipates. One Yin returns and begins to grow. Fire too strong damages Metal/Water. Yang deficient, Heart/Spleen distressed. Health-conscious gentlemen must be cautious.