禀至阴之气，故味苦，气大寒，无毒。专治大行热毒，头痛口疮。
大青，仲景书内，每每擅名伤寒热毒发斑，有大青四物汤饮效，伤寒身强脊痛，有
大青葛根汤服灵。又单味大青汤煎，治伤寒黄汗黄胆，天行时疫，尤多用之。仍 肿痈
且解烦渴。若脾弱虚寒者，勿服。小青异种，土人用治痈疮，取叶生捣敷上。
禀土中清肃阴寒之气，故味苦，气寒，无毒，而除湿热热毒。
王瓜，一名土瓜，根子两用，治小便遗尿不禁，润心肺解虫毒，却黄病黄胆，用子
宜生；疗下痢，赤白杂来，驱肠风，除肺痿，止血溢血，治用子须炒。根捣汁，去小
儿闪癖痞满，及天行热疾发狂，痰疟暴生，并取服效，惟少为奇，多则吐下；根煎汤
服，破妇人血瘕坚 并扑损瘀血作痛，乳汁不下，俱当饮之，过多不妙。仍逐骨节中伏
水，更消顶颈上 疮，去湿痹酸痛，散痈疽 肿，通经堕孕，益气愈聋。
得土全之气，故其味甘辛气平，有小毒，其力长于收吸，故拔病气出外，自脓取
毒能出，有形之滞物。又能通利开窍，故口歪肠挺尸疰，疮痒恶气，取油外涂俱效。但
既能吸气又能通窍，且体质多油而有毒，凡脾胃薄弱，大肠不固之人，慎勿轻用服饵。
凡服蓖麻子者，一生不得食豆，犯之必胀死。其油能伏丹砂、轻粉。取荜麻油法，
用荜麻仁五升，捣烂，以水一斗煮之，沐浮于汤面即做起，待沫尽乃止。去水以沫，煎
至点灯不诈，滴水不散为度。
蓖麻子，敷无名肿毒，吸出有形滞物，剩骨立起，脓血尽追；涂口眼歪斜，即牵正
后元，一效即去，久则反损。涂足心，下胎季子胞；涂巅顶、收生肠肛脱，通利开窍，
勿轻服饵。
草麻子去壳，同紫背天葵等份，清水入砂器煮半日，空腹时与病患嚼下自十五枚，
至念一枚，瘰 久久自消。一人病偏风，手足不举，用此油同羊脂麝香鲮鲤甲等药，煎
作摩膏。日摩数次，一月余渐复，兼服搜风养血化痰之剂，三月而愈。一人病手臂一块
肿痛，亦用荜麻捣膏贴之，一夜痊愈。一妇产后子肠不收，捣仁贴其丹田，一夜而上，
此药外用累奏奇功，但内服不可轻率耳。又方治口眼歪斜，蓖麻子仁捣膏，左贴右，右
贴左，即正。正即去之，否则反害。又妇人良方，亦治前症，用蓖麻子仁七七粒，研作
饼，右歪安在左手心，左歪安在右手心。却以铜盂盛热水，坐药上，冷即换，五六次即
正也。风气头痛不可忍者，乳香、荜麻仁、食盐等份捣饼，随左右贴太阳穴，解发出气
即止。又方荜麻仁半两，枣肉十五枚，捣涂纸上卷筒插入鼻中，下清水涕，头痛即止。
又方抬鼻塞不通，用荜麻仁三十粒，大枣去皮一枚，捣勺绵裹塞之，一日一易，三十日
闻香臭也。一方治舌上出血，用荜麻子油纸，燃烧烟，熏鼻中自止。一方治舌胀塞
口，用荜麻仁四十粒，去壳，研油涂纸上，作燃烧烟熏之，未退再熏，以愈为度。有人
舌肿退场门外，一村人用此法而愈。急喉痹，牙关紧急不通，以荜麻子仁研烂，纸卷作
筒，烧烟熏吸即通。或只取油作燃尤妙，名圣烟筒。一方催生下胞，用蓖麻子七粒去
壳，研膏涂脚心，若胎及衣下，便速洗去，不尔则子肠出，即以此膏涂顶，肠自入也。
一方难产取蓖麻子十四粒，每手各握七枚，须臾立下也。一方子宫脱下，用蓖麻仁枯矾
等份，为末安纸上托入，仍以荜麻仁十四粒，研膏涂顶心即入。又治盘肠生产，涂顶
方同上。一方治一切肿毒，痛不可忍，用蓖麻子捣敷即止也。
大青禀受至阴之气，因此味道苦，性质大寒，无毒。专门治疗热毒炽盛引起的头痛和口疮。
在张仲景的著作中，大青常因治疗伤寒热毒引发的发斑症而闻名，使用大青四物汤饮用效果显著；对于伤寒引起的身强脊痛，服用大青葛根汤灵验有效。此外，单用大青煎汤，可治疗伤寒黄汗和黄胆，以及流行性时疫，应用尤为广泛。它还能消除痈肿并缓解烦渴。如果脾胃虚弱、体质虚寒的人，不要服用。小青是大青的不同品种，当地人用它治疗痈疮，取叶子生捣后敷在患处。
王瓜禀受土中清肃阴寒之气，因此味道苦，性质寒，无毒，能清除湿热和热毒。
王瓜又名土瓜，根和种子均可入药，用于治疗小便失禁，滋润心肺并解除虫毒，消退黄疸和黄胆，此时宜用生种子；治疗痢疾，赤白脓血混杂，驱除肠风，消除肺痿，止血溢血，此时须用炒过的种子。将根捣汁，可去除小儿疳积痞满，以及流行性热病导致的发狂、痰疟突发，服用均有效，但少量为奇效，过量则会引起呕吐腹泻；将根煎汤服用，可破除妇人腹中坚硬的瘀血肿块，以及跌打损伤引起的瘀血疼痛、乳汁不下，都应当饮用，但过量不好。它还能排出骨节中潜伏的水湿，消除头顶和颈部的疮疡，去除湿痹酸痛，消散痈疽肿胀，通经堕胎，益气治愈耳聋。
蓖麻子得自土地完整之气，因此味道甘辛，性质平和，有小毒，其力量长于吸收，能将病气拔出体外，从脓液中取出毒素和有形的滞留物。又能通利开窍，因此对口歪、直肠脱垂、尸疰（一种慢性消耗性疾病）、疮痒恶气，取油外涂均有效。但它既能吸气又能通窍，且质地多油有毒，凡是脾胃薄弱、大肠不固的人，千万不要轻易内服。凡服用蓖麻子的人，一生不得吃豆子，否则必然腹胀而死。蓖麻油能伏住丹砂、轻粉的药性。提取蓖麻油的方法是：用五升蓖麻仁，捣烂，用一斗水煮，浮在汤面上的泡沫即为油，待泡沫尽止即可。去掉水分和泡沫，煎煮到滴灯芯不闪烁、滴水不散的程度为止。
蓖麻子，敷治无名肿毒，吸出有形滞留物，甚至能使坏死的骨头立起，追尽脓血；涂抹口眼歪斜，即牵引正气恢复，见效后即去除，久留反而受损。涂抹足心，可促使胎儿及胎盘娩出；涂抹头顶，可使分娩时肠肛脱垂收回，通利开窍，切勿轻易内服。
去壳的蓖麻仁，与紫背天葵等份，放入砂器中用清水煮半天，空腹时让患者嚼服，从十五枚逐渐增加到二十枚，瘰疬日久自然消散。有一人患偏瘫，手足不能抬起，用此油同羊脂、麝香、穿山甲等药，煎制成按摩膏。每天按摩数次，一个多月后逐渐恢复，同时服用搜风养血化痰的药物，三个月痊愈。有一人手臂某处肿痛，也用蓖麻捣膏贴敷，一夜痊愈。一位产妇产后子宫脱垂，捣碎蓖麻仁贴在丹田穴，一夜之间子宫收回。此药外用屡奏奇功，但内服不可轻率。又一方治疗口眼歪斜，将蓖麻仁捣成膏，左侧歪斜贴右侧，右侧歪斜贴左侧，面部即正，正后即去除，否则反而有害。《妇人良方》也治疗前症，用蓖麻仁七十七粒，研成饼状，右侧歪斜放在左手心，左侧歪斜放在右手心。然后用铜盆盛热水，坐在药饼上，冷了即更换，五六次后面部即正。风气头痛难以忍受者，乳香、蓖麻仁、食盐等份捣成饼，随左右侧贴在太阳穴，出汗排气后疼痛即止。又一方用蓖麻仁半两，枣肉十五枚，捣涂在纸上卷成筒插入鼻中，流出清水鼻涕，头痛即止。又一方治疗鼻塞不通，用蓖麻仁三十粒，去皮大枣一枚，捣碎后用棉包裹塞入鼻孔，一日更换一次，三十天后能闻香臭。又一方治疗舌上出血，用蓖麻子油纸燃烧冒烟，熏鼻子，出血自止。又一方治疗舌胀塞口，用蓖麻仁四十粒，去壳，研油涂在纸上，点燃冒烟熏之，未退再熏，以痊愈为度。有人舌头肿得伸出场外，一个村人用此法治愈。急喉痹，牙关紧闭不通，将蓖麻仁研烂，用纸卷成筒，燃烧冒烟熏吸，气道即通。或者只取油燃烧效果更好，名为圣烟筒。又一方催生下胎衣，用蓖麻子七粒去壳，研膏涂脚心，若胎儿及胎盘已下，便迅速洗去，不然会导致子宫脱垂，此时立即以此膏涂头顶，子宫自然收回。又一方治疗难产，取蓖麻子十四粒，每只手各握七枚，片刻之后胎儿即降生。又一方治疗子宫脱垂，用蓖麻仁、枯矾等份，研末铺在纸上托入阴道，仍以蓖麻仁十四粒，研膏涂头顶心，子宫即入。又治疗盘肠生产（胎儿肠道先露出），涂头顶的方法同上。又一方治疗一切肿毒，疼痛难以忍受，用蓖麻子捣敷即可止痛。
Daqing (Isatidis Folium) inherits the qi of extreme yin, thus its taste is bitter, its nature is greatly cold, and it is non-toxic. It specializes in treating severe heat-toxin causing headache and mouth ulcers.
In Zhang Zhongjing's writings, Daqing is often renowned for treating macules caused by shanghan (cold damage) heat-toxin; drinking Daqing Siwu Tang (Cinnamon Twig, Peony, Angelica, and Rehmannia Decoction with Isatidis) is effective. For shanghan causing stiffness of the body and spinal pain, taking Daqing Gegen Tang (Isatidis and Pueraria Decoction) is spiritually efficacious. Furthermore, decocting single-herb Daqing Tang treats shanghan yellow sweat and jaundice, as well as epidemic febrile diseases, making it widely used. It also resolves swelling and carbuncles and relieves vexation and thirst. Those with weak spleen and deficiency-cold constitution should not take it. Xiaoqing is a different variety; locals use it to treat carbuncles and sores by crushing fresh leaves and applying them topically.
Wagua (Trichosanthes Cucumerina Root) inherits the clear,肃 (solemn/clearing), yin-cold qi from the earth, thus its taste is bitter, its nature is cold, and it is non-toxic, capable of removing damp-heat and heat-toxin.
Wagua, also known as Tugua, uses both root and seeds. It treats urinary incontinence, moistens the lungs and heart, and resolves insect toxins. It resolves jaundice and yellow disease; for this purpose, raw seeds are suitable. It treats dysentery with mixed red and white discharge, expels intestinal wind, eliminates lung abscess/atrophy, and stops hemorrhage; for these indications, fried seeds are required. Crushing the root to extract juice removes pediatric malnutrition and abdominal masses, as well as mania caused by epidemic febrile diseases and sudden phlegm-malaria; administration is effective, but small doses are miraculous while excessive doses cause vomiting and diarrhea. Decocting the root and drinking the soup breaks up firm blood stasis masses in women, as well as pain from traumatic blood stasis and lack of lactation; all should be drunk, but excessive amounts are inadvisable. It also expels latent water-dampness in joints, reduces sores on the head and neck, removes painful numbness from damp-bi syndrome, dissipates carbuncle and furuncle swelling, promotes menstruation and induces abortion, tonifies qi, and cures deafness.
Bimazi (Ricini Semen) derives the complete qi of the earth, thus its taste is sweet and acrid, its nature is neutral, and it has slight toxicity. Its power lies in absorption, drawing pathogenic qi outward and extracting toxins and tangible stagnant matter from pus. It also unblocks orifices; therefore, applying its oil externally is effective for facial paralysis, rectal prolapse, shizhu (a chronic wasting disease), pruritus, and foul odors. However, since it can both absorb and open orifices, and its texture is oily and toxic, those with weak spleen and stomach or insecure large intestine should never lightly ingest it. Anyone consuming Bimazi must avoid eating beans for life; violating this will inevitably lead to fatal abdominal distension. Bimazi oil can subdue the properties of Cinnabar (Dan Sha) and Calomel (Qing Fen). The method to extract Bimazi oil is: take five sheng of Ricini Semen, crush it thoroughly, boil it in ten dou of water. The foam floating on the surface of the soup is the oil; stop when the foam is exhausted. Remove water and foam, then simmer until a drop does not scatter when tested with water.
Topical application of Bimazi absorbs tangible stagnation from unnamed carbuncles, even causing necrotic bone to stand upright and drawing out all pus and blood; applied to facial paralysis, it restores alignment, but must be removed immediately upon effect, as prolonged use causes damage. Applied to the sole of the foot, it induces labor and expulsion of the placenta; applied to the vertex, it retracts prolapsed intestines or anus during childbirth, unblocking orifices. Do not ingest lightly.
Shelled Ricini Semen, in equal parts with Zi Bei Tian Kui (Omphalodes Nitida), boiled in a clay pot with clear water for half a day, chewed and swallowed by the patient on an empty stomach, starting from fifteen seeds and increasing to twenty, will gradually resolve scrofula. One patient with hemiplegia (pian feng), unable to move hands and feet, was treated with this oil mixed with sheep fat, musk, and Manis Pentadactyla scales, decocted into a massage paste. Massaged several times daily, recovery began after over a month; combined with internal herbs that dispel wind, nourish blood, and resolve phlegm, full recovery occurred in three months. Another patient with localized swelling and pain in the arm was cured overnight using crushed Bimazi paste applied topically. A postpartum woman with uterine prolapse had her uterus restored overnight by applying crushed Ricini Semen to the Dantian point. This herb achieves miraculous results externally, but internal use must not be rash. Another formula for facial paralysis involves crushing Ricini Semen into a paste; apply to the right side if the face deviates left, and to the left if it deviates right. Remove once corrected, otherwise it causes harm. *Furen Liangfang* also treats this condition using seventy-seven grains of Ricini Semen ground into a cake; place on the left palm if deviation is to the right, and on the right palm if deviation is to the left. Sit over a copper basin of hot water with the medicine on it, replacing when cool; after five or six times, the face corrects itself. For unbearable headache due to wind-qì, mix Frankincense (Ruxiang), Ricini Semen, and salt in equal parts, form into a cake, and apply to the Taiyang acupoint on the affected side; relief comes with sweating and release of qi. Another formula uses half liang of Ricini Semen and fifteen dates, mashed onto paper, rolled into a tube, and inserted into the nose; clearing watery nasal discharge stops the headache. Another formula for nasal congestion uses thirty Ricini Semen kernels and one peeled date, mashed, wrapped in cotton, and stuffed into the nostril, changed daily; after thirty days, smell is restored. Another formula for bleeding from the tongue involves burning Ricini Semen oil-soaked paper and inhaling the smoke; bleeding stops spontaneously. Another formula for tongue swelling obstructing the mouth uses forty shelled Ricini Semen kernels, ground into oil, spread on paper, burned, and the smoke inhaled; repeat until healed. A villager cured someone whose tongue swelled out of their mouth using this method. For acute throat obstruction with locked jaw, grind Ricini Semen, roll in paper, burn, and inhale the smoke to open the airway. Using only the oil for burning is even better, named "Holy Smoke Tube." Another formula to induce labor and expel the placenta uses seven shelled Ricini Semen kernels ground into paste applied to the soles; if the fetus and placenta have descended, wash off immediately, otherwise uterine prolapse may occur. In such a case, apply this paste to the vertex, and the uterus will retract. Another formula for difficult labor involves holding seven kernels in each hand for a moment, leading to immediate delivery. Another formula for uterine prolapse mixes Ricini Semen and Alum in equal parts, grinds to powder, spreads on paper, inserts to support, and applies paste of fourteen Ricini Semen kernels to the vertex to retract it. The same vertex application treats prolapsed intestines during birth. Another formula for all types of painful carbuncles involves applying crushed Ricini Semen to stop pain.