治经络凝滞,骨节疼痛,筋脉挛急,遇阴寒愈痛。
乳香 没药(各另研) 赤芍药 熟地 当归 血竭(五钱) 虎胫骨(酥炙黄)
为末,用木瓜一枚,切破去核,入乳香末在内,以麻线缠定,勿令透气,以好酒六升,
煮酒尽,取木瓜,去皮,研如泥,入熟蜜少许,杵和为丸,如桐子大,每服五十丸,看病上下服。
治白虎风历节风肿痛,以酽醋五升,热煎三四沸,切葱白二三升,煮一沸,滤出布
帛色裹患处熨之。以搓为度。
治遍身骨节疼痛如神。
熟地黄(三两) 当归 白术 白芍 续断 人参(各一两) 为末,酒糊丸,桐子大,
或作五剂,煎服更效。
治筋骨疼痛因湿热者。有气加气药;血虚加血药;痛甚者加生姜汁热辣服。
黄柏(炒) 苍术(米泔浸,炒) 为末,沸汤入姜汁调服,二物皆有雄壮之
气。表实者加酒少许佐之。若痰带热者先以神芎丸下之,次以趁痛散类调治。
治酒湿痰痛风。
黄柏(酒炒) 威灵仙(酒炒,各五钱) 苍术 羌活 甘草(三钱) 陈皮 芍药(各一
钱) 为末,每服一二钱,沸汤姜汁调服。
活络丹
见前中风门。
大风病是受得天地间杀疠之风,古人谓之疠风者,以其酷烈暴悍耳。须分在上在
下,在二者,以醉仙散,取臭涎恶血于齿缝中出。在下者,以通天再造散,取恶物陈虫
于谷道中出,所出虽有上下道路之殊,然皆不外乎手足阳明二经,盖肠胃如市,无物不
受,脾膈二经之腑,脾主肌肉肺主皮毛,乃腑病及于脏也。治此病者,须看其疙瘩与
疮。若上先见,在上体多者,病在上也。下先见,三下体多者,病在下也。上下同得者,
在上复在下也。胃与大肠无物不受,此风之入人也。气受之则在上多,血受之则在
下多,气血俱受者甚重,是非医者神手,病者铁心,罕有得愈。若从上或从下,由渐而
来者,皆为可治。但人易缓忽,不能断味绝色,则难免再发。再发则终不救矣。
风起于八方,应其时则物生,违其时则物杀。凡人中气不足,如持虚受物,乃感受
此杀物之气,变而成湿,久而成热,气浊血污,历传脏腑,生虫溃肌,流行为害,虫食
心则足底穿膝肿,食肝则眉落,食肺则鼻崩声哑,食肾则耳鸣啾啾,耳弦生疮或痹或
痛,如针刺状,食身则皮痒如虫行,自头面来为顺风,自足心起者为逆风,总由湿热之
毒,污结而成也。先以再造散下之,稀粥调理,勿妄动作劳,后以醉仙散,取臭涎恶血
于齿缝中出,或吐或利以泄越其邪,面黑渐白而安。
大风症者所因不一,或色欲当风,或醉卧湿地,或乘热脱衣,或汗出入水,或空心
饥饿山行,感山岚瘴气,或劳役奔走途中,冒寒雨阴露,皆由内伤形体,不知避忌,外
感风湿毒瓦斯,入于皮毛血脉肌肉筋骨之间,当时失于驱散,停积既久,以至营卫不内联
外熏蒸,内则生虫,外则生疮,脏腑经络皆受患矣。眉毛先落者,毒在肺,面发紫泡
者,毒在肝,脚底先痛或穿者,毒在肾,偏身如癣者,毒在脾,目先损者,毒在心,此
五脏受病之重者也。古人谓大风疾,三因五死。三因者,一曰风毒,二曰湿毒,三曰传
染。五死者,一曰皮死,麻木不仁;二曰脉死,血溃成脓;三曰肉死,割切不痛;四曰
筋死,手足缓纵;五曰骨死,鼻梁崩塌,与夫眉落眼盲,唇翻声噎,皆为难治。所以然
者,由邪正交攻,气血沸腾,而湿痰死血,充满于经络之中,热胜则肉腐,故生虫生
疮,痛痒麻木也。治法内通脏腑,外发经络,养荣益卫,补正逐邪,大剂峻药久服,
而虫疮痛痒麻木自愈矣。亦须首尾断酒戒色,忌食发风动气、荤、腥、盐、酱、炙、
爆生冷之物,清心寡欲,方保无虞。
疠疡所患,非止一脏,然其气血无有弗伤,兼证无有弗杂,况积岁而发现于外,须
分经络之上下,病势之虚实,不可概施攻毒之药,当先助胃壮气,使根本坚固,而后治
其疮,盖病有变有类之不同,而治法有汗有下有砭刺攻补之不一。兼症当审重轻,变症
当参后先,类症当详真伪,而汗下砭刺攻补之法。又当量其人之虚实,究其病之源委而
施治焉,盖虚者正气虚也。实者病气实也。再造散治其病在阴者,用皂角刺直达病所,
出风毒于荣血中,肝主血,恶血留止属肝也,且虫亦生于厥阴风木所化,用此以治其
脏气,杀虫为主。白丑者,专入胃与大肠,既走下焦血分,复去气中湿热,追虫取积,
从大小便而利出之。郁金者,因性轻扬,善治郁遏气血之凝滞,因味苦辛,善消阳毒积
热之亢炎,以大黄引入肠胃荣血之分,利出瘀血虫物,醉仙散治其病在阳者,用鼠粘子
解散阳明风毒。偏身恶疮,胡麻遂诸风,润皮肤,蒺藜散恶血而清胃,通鼻气而祛风,
防风为诸风之总司,栝蒌根解烦热之要领,枸杞润肾燥而祛风,蔓荆散风淫而明目,苦
参专攻湿热,扫除溃疡,以祛赤癞眉落之毒,八者祛风散霉,上下内外周而至矣。
风有三十六症,而疠风为最酷,感之难免于死者,以其更多不守禁忌也。《经》曰∶
脉风盛为疠,疠者恶也。脉主血,血热而杀疠之气袭之,则血脉凝结,卫气不行其气不
清,鼻为呼吸之所要,宗气由之出入也。今营运之气不能上升为用,故鼻柱腐坏,肌肉
溃疡也。经文治法,有发汗与刺血二法,汗出以泄荣卫之拂热,刺肿以出恶血之留蓄。
子和曰∶一汗抵千针,盖以刺血不如汗之周偏也。尤宜助胃气以固根本,实卫气养荣血
以继之,盖原其本,皆由嗜欲劳动气血,不避邪风冷湿,使湿气与胃气相干而致,是正
虚为本,而湿热是标也。虽名曰风,不可纯作风治。
一贫妇因无膏粱浓味,故服醉仙散外。又服加减四物汤百余剂,半年之间,月经行
而风症亦愈,故贵薄滋味也。
治疗经络凝滞,骨节疼痛,筋脉拘挛紧急,遇到阴寒天气疼痛加剧。
乳香、没药(各单独研磨)、赤芍药、熟地黄、当归、血竭(各五钱)、虎胫骨(用酥油炙烤至黄色)。
研成细末,取一个木瓜,切开去核,将乳香末放入其中,用麻线缠绕固定,不要漏气,用好酒六升,煮到酒干,取出木瓜,去皮,研磨成泥状,加入少许熟蜂蜜,捣匀做成丸药,大小如梧桐子大,每次服用五十丸,根据病位在上或在下调整服药方法。
治疗白虎风、历节风引起的肿痛,用浓醋五升,加热煎煮三四沸,切葱白二三升,再煮一沸,滤出后用布帛包裹患处进行热敷熨烫,以搓揉为度。
治疗全身骨节疼痛,效果神奇。
熟地黄(三两)、当归、白术、白芍、续断、人参(各一两)。研成细末,用酒糊制作丸药,大小如梧桐子大,或者分成五剂,煎汤服用效果更好。
治疗因湿热引起的筋骨疼痛。有气滞的加理气药;血虚的加补血药;疼痛剧烈的加生姜汁热服。
黄柏(炒制)、苍术(米泔水浸泡后炒制)。研成细末,用沸水冲入姜汁调服,这两味药都有雄壮之气。表实者加少许酒辅助。如果痰湿带热,先用神芎丸攻下,再用趁痛散之类调理治疗。
治疗酒湿痰痛风。
黄柏(酒炒)、威灵仙(酒炒,各五钱)、苍术、羌活、甘草(三钱)、陈皮、芍药(各一钱)。研成细末,每次服用一二钱,用沸水和姜汁调服。
活络丹
见前文中风门。
大风病是受到天地间杀疠之风所致,古人称之为疠风,是因为其性质酷烈暴悍。必须区分病邪在上部还是下部。在上部的,用醉仙散,使臭涎恶血从齿缝中排出。在下部的,用通天再造散,使恶物陈虫从肛门排出。所排出的途径虽有上下不同,但都不外乎手足阳明二经,因为肠胃如同集市,无物不受,脾膈两经所属的腑,脾主肌肉肺主皮毛,这是腑病波及到脏。治疗这种病,必须看疙瘩和疮的情况。如果上面先出现,身体上部多,病就在上。下面先出现,身体下部多,病就在下。上下同时得病的,是上病兼及下病。胃与大肠无物不受,这是风邪侵入人体。气受邪则病在上多,血受邪则病在下多,气血都受邪的病情严重,如果不是医术高明的医生,病人意志坚定,很少能治愈。如果从上或从下,逐渐发作的,都是可治的。但人容易疏忽大意,不能断绝口味和房事,就难免复发。复发的话最终就无法救治了。
风产生于八方,顺应时令则万物生长,违背时令则万物死亡。凡人中气不足,就像拿着空容器接受物品,于是感受这种杀物的气,变化而成湿,久了变成热,气浊血污,流传传遍脏腑,生虫溃烂肌肉,流行为害。虫吃心则足底穿孔膝盖肿胀,吃肝则眉毛脱落,吃肺则鼻梁崩塌声音嘶哑,吃肾则耳鸣嗡嗡作响,耳弦生疮或麻木或疼痛,像针刺一样,吃身体则皮肤瘙痒像虫子爬,从头面来叫顺风,从足心起叫逆风,总归是由湿热毒气,污浊凝结而成。先用再造散攻下,用稀粥调理,不要乱动劳累,后用醉仙散,使臭涎恶血从齿缝中排出,通过吐或泻来泄越邪气,面色由黑渐白而安宁。
大风症的成因不一,或因色欲当风,或因醉酒睡在湿地,或因天热脱衣,或因出汗入水,或因空腹饥饿在山中行走,感染山岚瘴气,或因劳役奔走途中,冒犯寒雨阴露,都是由内伤形体,不知道避忌,外感风湿毒瓦斯,进入皮毛血脉肌肉筋骨之间,当时失于驱散,停积既久,以至于营卫不内联外熏蒸,内则生虫,外则生疮,脏腑经络都受害了。眉毛先落的,毒在肺,面部发紫泡的,毒在肝,脚底先痛或穿孔的,毒在肾,偏身像癣的,毒在脾,眼睛先受损的,毒在心,这是五脏受病严重的情况。古人说大风疾,三因五死。三因是:一是风毒,二是湿毒,三是传染。五死是:一是皮死,麻木不仁;二是脉死,血溃成脓;三是肉死,切割不痛;四是筋死,手足松弛下垂;五是骨死,鼻梁崩塌,以及眉毛脱落眼睛失明,嘴唇翻卷声音噎塞,都难治疗。之所以这样,是因为邪正交攻,气血沸腾,而湿痰死血,充满在经络之中,热胜则肉腐,所以生虫生疮,痛痒麻木。治疗方法内通脏腑,外发经络,养荣益卫,补正逐邪,大剂峻药久服,而虫疮痛痒麻木自然痊愈。也必须从头到尾戒酒戒色,忌食发风动气、荤腥盐酱、炙爆生冷之物,清心寡欲,才能保证安全无虞。
疠疡所患,不止一个脏器,但其气血无不受伤,兼证无不杂乱,何况积累多年才表现在外面,必须分经络的上下,病势的虚实,不能一概施用攻毒之药,应当先助胃壮气,使根本坚固,然后治疗其疮,因为病有变有类之不同,而治法有汗下有砭刺攻补之不一。兼症应当审察轻重,变症应当参考先后,类症应当详辨真伪,而汗下砭刺攻补的方法,又应当衡量人的虚实,探究病的源委而施治,因为虚者是正气虚,实者是病气实。再造散治疗病在阴的,用皂角刺直达病所,出风毒于荣血中,肝主血,恶血留止属于肝,且虫也生于厥阴风木所化,用此来治其脏气,以杀虫为主。白丑,专入胃与大肠,既走下焦血分,又去气中湿热,追虫取积,从大小便利出。郁金,因为性轻扬,善于治疗郁遏气血的凝滞,因为味苦辛,善于消除阳毒积热的亢炎,以大黄引入肠胃荣血之分,利出瘀血虫物。醉仙散治疗病在阳的,用鼠粘子解散阳明风毒。偏身恶疮,胡麻遂诸风,润皮肤,蒺藜散恶血而清胃,通鼻气而祛风,防风为诸风之总司,栝蒌根解烦热之要领,枸杞润肾燥而祛风,蔓荆散风淫而明目,苦参专攻湿热,扫除溃疡,以祛赤癞眉落之毒,这八味药祛风散霉,上下内外周全到了。
风有三十六症,而疠风最为酷烈,感染后难免死亡的,是因为更多不守禁忌。《内经》说:脉风盛为疠,疠者恶也。脉主血,血热而杀疠之气袭之,则血脉凝结,卫气不行其气不清,鼻为呼吸之所要,宗气由之出入也。现在营运之气不能上升为用,所以鼻柱腐坏,肌肉溃疡。经文治法,有发汗与刺血二法,汗出以泄荣卫之拂热,刺肿以出恶血之留蓄。张子和说:一汗抵千针,大概因为刺血不如汗之周偏。尤其宜助胃气以固根本,实卫气养荣血以继之,推究其本,皆由嗜欲劳动气血,不避邪风冷湿,使湿气与胃气相干而致,是正虚为本,而湿热是标。虽然名叫风,不可纯作风治。
有一个贫穷的妇人因为没有膏粱浓味,所以在服用醉仙散之外,又服用加减四物汤百余剂,半年之间,月经行而风症亦愈,所以说贵在清淡滋味。
Treats stagnation of the meridians and collaterals, pain in bone joints, spasm and tension of tendons and vessels, with pain worsening upon exposure to yin-cold.
Ru Xiang (Frankincense), Mo Yao (Myrrh) (each separately ground), Chi Shao Yao (Red Peony Root), Shu Di Huang (Prepared Rehmannia Root), Dang Gui (Angelica Sinensis), Xue Jie (Dragon's Blood), Hu Jing Gu (Tiger Tibia Bone) (roasted with butter until yellow).
Grind into fine powder. Take one Mu Gua (Chaenomeles Fruit), cut open and remove seeds, insert the Ru Xiang powder inside, tie tightly with hemp thread to prevent air leakage. Boil in 6 sheng of good wine until the wine is exhausted. Remove the Mu Gua, peel it, and grind into a paste. Add a small amount of cooked honey, pound and mix to form pills, size similar to paulownia seeds. Take 50 pills per dose, adjusting based on whether the disease location is upper or lower.
Treats swelling and pain caused by Bai Hu Feng (White Tiger Wind) and Li Jie Feng (Joint-Traveling Wind). Use 5 sheng of strong vinegar, heat and boil for three to four boils. Cut 2-3 sheng of scallion whites, boil once more, strain, wrap in cloth, and apply hot compresses to the affected area, rubbing until appropriate.
Treats pain throughout the body and bone joints with miraculous effect.
Shu Di Huang (Prepared Rehmannia Root) (3 liang), Dang Gui (Angelica Sinensis), Bai Zhu (Atractylodes Macrocephala Rhizome), Bai Shao (White Peony Root), Xu Duan (Dipsacus Root), Ren Shen (Ginseng Root) (each 1 liang). Grind into powder, make pills with wine paste, size similar to paulownia seeds. Alternatively, divide into five doses and decoct for oral administration for better efficacy.
Treats bone and joint pain due to damp-heat. If there is qi stagnation, add qi-regulating herbs; if blood deficiency, add blood-nourishing herbs; if pain is severe, take with ginger juice while hot.
Huang Bo (Phellodendron Bark) (stir-fried), Cang Zhu (Atractylodes Lancea Rhizome) (soaked in rice wash water and stir-fried). Grind into powder, take with boiling water mixed with ginger juice. Both herbs possess vigorous qi. For exterior excess patterns, add a little wine as an assistant. If phlegm carries heat, first purge with Shen Xiong Wan, then regulate with Chen Tong San type formulas.
Treats alcohol-dampness and phlegm-gout.
Huang Bo (Phellodendron Bark) (wine-fried), Wei Ling Xian (Clematis Root) (wine-fried, each 5 qian), Cang Zhu (Atractylodes Lancea Rhizome), Qiang Huo (Notopterygium Rhizome), Gan Cao (Licorice Root) (3 qian), Chen Pi (Citrus Peel), Shao Yao (Peony Root) (each 1 qian). Grind into powder, take 1-2 qian per dose, mix with boiling water and ginger juice.
Huo Luo Dan (Meridian-Activating Pill)
See previous section on Stroke.
Da Feng Bing (Great Wind Disease) is contracted from the killing and pestilential winds of heaven and earth. Ancients called it Li Feng (Leprosy/Malignant Wind) because of its fierce and violent nature. It must be distinguished whether the pathogen is above or below. For those above, use Zui Xian San to expel foul saliva and evil blood from between the teeth. For those below, use Tong Tian Zai Zao San to expel foul matter and old worms from the anus. Although the expulsion routes differ (upper vs. lower), they all pertain to the Hand and Foot Yangming meridians, as the stomach and large intestine are like markets, accepting everything. The fu-organs of the Spleen and膈 (Diaphragm/Spleen-Stomach region): Spleen governs muscles, Lung governs skin and hair; this is a fu-organ disease affecting the zang-organs. Treating this disease requires observing nodules and sores. If appearing first on the upper body and predominantly there, the disease is upper. If appearing first on the lower body and predominantly there, the disease is lower. If both are affected, it is upper disease extending to the lower. Stomach and Large Intestine accept everything; this is how wind enters. Qi invasion leads to more upper symptoms; Blood invasion leads to more lower symptoms; simultaneous Qi and Blood invasion is severe. Without a divine physician and an iron-willed patient, cure is rare. If onset is gradual from above or below, it is treatable. However, if people are negligent and cannot abstain from rich flavors and sexual activity, relapse is inevitable. Relapse means ultimate incurability.
Wind arises from eight directions; following seasons brings life, opposing them brings death. People with insufficient Middle Qi are like empty vessels receiving objects, thus contracting this killing qi, transforming into dampness, which over time becomes heat. Qi becomes turbid, blood becomes filthy, spreading through organs, generating worms and ulcerating muscles, causing epidemic harm. Worms eating the Heart cause perforated soles and swollen knees; eating the Liver causes eyebrow loss; eating the Lungs causes nasal collapse and hoarseness; eating the Kidneys cause tinnitus, ear canal sores, numbness, or needle-like pain; eating the Body causes itching like insects crawling. Onset from head/face is Shun Feng (Smooth Wind); from soles is Ni Feng (Reverse Wind). All result from damp-heat toxicity condensing filth. First purge with Zai Zao San, regulate with thin porridge, avoid exertion. Then use Zui Xian San to expel foul saliva and evil blood from teeth via vomiting or purging to vent pathogens. Face color turns from black to white, bringing peace.
Causes of Da Feng Zheng vary: sexual indulgence facing wind, drunken sleep on wet ground, undressing when hot, entering water while sweating, mountain travel hungry/empty-stomached contracting miasma, labor running in cold rain/dew. All stem from internal injury to the form, failure to avoid taboos, external contraction of wind-damp-toxic qi penetrating skin, vessels, muscles, and bones. Failure to disperse initially allows accumulation. Long stagnation disrupts Ying and Wei circulation, steaming internally generating worms and externally generating sores, affecting all zang-fu and meridians. Eyebrow loss indicates toxin in Lungs; purple blisters on face indicate toxin in Liver; painful/perforated soles indicate toxin in Kidneys; patchy lesions indicate toxin in Spleen; eye damage indicates toxin in Heart. These are severe zang-organ involvements. Ancients stated Da Feng has Three Causes and Five Deaths. Three Causes: Wind Toxin, Damp Toxin, Contagion. Five Deaths: Skin Death (numbness), Pulse Death (pus formation), Flesh Death (insensitivity to cutting), Tendon Death (limb flaccidity), Bone Death (nasal collapse, eyebrow loss, blindness, lip eversion, choking). These are difficult to treat. Why? Evil and Righteous Qi clash, Qi and Blood boil, damp-phlegm and dead blood fill meridians. Heat dominance rots flesh, generating worms/sores, pain/itch/numbness. Treatment: unblock zang-fu internally, vent meridians externally, nourish Ying and benefit Wei, tonify Righteousness and expel Evil. Large doses of potent herbs taken long-term will naturally resolve worms, sores, pain, itch, and numbness. Must strictly abstain from alcohol and sex, avoid wind-aggravating foods (meat, fish, salt, sauce, roasted/fried, raw/cold). Cultivate pure heart and few desires to ensure safety.
Li Yang (Malignant Ulcers) affect not just one organ; Qi and Blood are invariably damaged, complications are invariably complex. Accumulated over years before manifesting externally, one must distinguish meridian levels (upper/lower) and disease nature (deficiency/excess). Do not indiscriminately use toxic-purging herbs. First strengthen Stomach Qi and solidify the root, then treat sores. Diseases have variations and similarities; treatments include sweating, purging, pricking, attacking, and tonifying. Assess severity of complications, sequence of changes, authenticity of similar patterns. Adjust sweating/purging/pricking/attacking/tonifying methods based on patient's deficiency/excess and disease origin. Deficiency refers to Righteous Qi deficiency; Excess refers to Pathogenic Qi excess. Zai Zao San treats Yin-pattern diseases using Zao Jiao Ci (Gleditsia Spine) to reach the site directly, expelling wind-toxin from Ying-Blood. Liver governs Blood; stagnant evil blood belongs to Liver. Worms also arise from Jueyin Wind-Wood transformation; this herb treats the Zang-Qi, focusing on killing worms. Bai Chou (Canarium Album Seed) enters Stomach/Large Intestine, moves Lower Jiao Blood, clears Qi-level damp-heat, pursues worms/removes accumulation, expelling via stool/urine. Yu Jin (Curcuma Aromatica Rhizome) is light and ascending, resolving Qi/Blood stagnation; bitter/pungent, clearing Yang-toxin/accumulated heat. Combined with Da Huang (Rhubarb Root) to enter Stomach/Intestines Ying-Blood, expelling stasis/worms. Zui Xian San treats Yang-pattern diseases using Niu Bang Zi (Arctium Fruit) to dissipate Yangming wind-toxin. For widespread malignant sores: Hu Ma (Sesame Seed) disperses wind, moistens skin; Ji Li (Tribulus Fruit) disperses evil blood, clears Stomach, opens nose, expels wind; Fang Feng (Saposhnikovia Root) commands all winds; Gua Lou Gen (Trichosanthes Root) resolves vexing heat; Gou Qi (Goji Berry) moistens Kidney dryness, expels wind; Man Jing (Vitality Flower) disperses wind, brightens eyes; Ku Shen (Sophora Root) attacks damp-heat, cleans ulcers, removes red leprosy/eyebrow loss toxins. These eight herbs comprehensively dispel wind and mold, covering upper/lower, inside/outside.
There are 36 Wind syndromes, but Li Feng is the most cruel. Infection often leads to death due to non-compliance with taboos. *Jing* says: "Pulse wind abundance is Li; Li means evil." Pulse governs Blood. Blood heat attracts killing wind qi, causing vessel coagulation and Wei Qi stagnation, leading to turbid Qi. Nose is essential for breathing, Zong Qi passes through it. Current circulating Qi fails to ascend for use, causing nasal pillar rot and muscle ulcers. Textual treatments include sweating and blood-pricking. Sweating vents Ying-Wei friction-heat; pricking swelling expels retained evil blood. Zhang Hezi said: "One sweat equals thousand needles," as blood-pricking is less comprehensive than sweating. Crucially, support Stomach Qi to solidify the root, reinforce Wei Qi and nourish Ying Blood subsequently. Tracing the root, it stems from desire/labor damaging Qi/Blood, failing to avoid evil wind/cold/damp, causing dampness to interfere with Stomach Qi. Righteous deficiency is the root; damp-heat is the branch. Though named Wind, do not treat solely as Wind.
A poor woman, lacking rich/greasy food, took Zui Xian San plus Ji Jian Si Wu Tang (Modified Four Substance Decoction) for over 100 doses. Within half a year, menstruation resumed and wind syndrome cured. Thus, valuing bland flavors is key.