味辛气平入阳，则血分。
马兰，破宿血，养新血，断血痢，解酒疸，疗诸菌蛊毒，治绞肠沙痛，除水肿尿
涩，消产疮丹毒。
得水之精气，故味甘平无毒，入肾、入肝，解毒凉血之要药。故乳痈乳岩首所重
焉，水煮内服、外敷，神效。入剂同头枯草、贝母、连翘、白芷、栝蒌根、橘叶、头
垢、牡鼠粪、山豆根、山慈菇，专疗乳岩。其根茎白汁，可涂恶疮肿毒，日涂三四，毒散肿消。
蒲公草，即黄花地丁草。溃坚肿消结核，屡建奇功，解食毒，散滞气，并臻神效。
主治（痘疹合参） 凡痘后余毒，痈 可用。
得土金之气，兼得天之燥气，火金相搏，故味辛平苦温无毒。入足太阴、阳明、
少阳，亦入手少阴经。辛温善散，故主伤寒邪在表里之间。苦善下泄，故除心下支饮，
曾膈痰热胀满上气，为祛湿分水实脾而开寒湿痰气郁结之圣药。其所大忌者阴虚血少，
津液不足诸病耳。
半夏，火痰黑，老痰胶，同芩连。寒痰清，湿痰白。同姜、附、陈皮、苍术。卒中
病痰，南星、皂角，痰饮胁痛。治吐食反胃，消肠腹冷痰，散逆气。除呕恶，开结
气，发声音，止脾泻，敛心汗，一切痰厥头痛、头眩圣药。但血症消渴，并孕妇禁服。
脾湿痰症最宜，阴虚痰症切忌。
主治（痘疹合参） 治痘虚寒呕哕少食，化痰涎，燥脾湿，和脾胃。但恐燥咽兼损孕
妇，灌浆时忌之。无湿痰者戒用。
按∶汪机曰∶脾胃湿热，涎化为痰，此非半夏，曷可治乎？若以贝母代之，翘首待
毙。李时珍曰∶脾无留湿不生痰，故脾为生痰之源，肺为贮痰之器。半夏治痰，为其体
滑性温也。涎滑能润，辛温能散，亦能润，故行湿而通大便，利窍而泄小便，所谓辛走
气即化液，辛以润之是也。丹溪谓∶半夏能使大便润而小便长。成无己谓∶半夏行水气
而润肾燥，《局方》半硫丸，治老人虚闭、皆取其滑润也。俗以半夏为燥，不知利水祛
湿，而使土燥，非性燥也。但非湿热之邪而用之，是重亡津液，诚非所宜。若应犯而
犯，似乎无犯古人半夏有三禁，谓血家渴家汗家也。然其功，止吐为足阳明，除痰为足
太阴，助柴胡主恶寒，是又为足少阳也。助黄芩主祛热，是又为足阳明也。寒热往来，
在半表半里，故用此有各半之意。
马兰，能破除陈旧之瘀血，滋养新生之血液，截断血痢，解除酒疸，治疗各种菌蛊毒邪，医治绞肠沙引起的疼痛，消除水肿及小便涩痛，消散产后疮疡及丹毒。
（蒲公草）汲取水的精气，所以味甘、性平、无毒，入肾经、入肝经，是解毒凉血的重要药物。因此，在治疗乳痈（急性乳腺炎）、乳岩（乳腺癌）时首当其冲。用水煮后内服或外敷，效果神奇显著。入药方中配合头枯草、贝母、连翘、白芷、栝蒌根、橘叶、头垢、牡鼠粪、山豆根、山慈菇，专门治疗乳岩。其根茎中的白色汁液，可涂抹于恶疮肿毒处，每日涂抹三至四次，毒散肿消。
蒲公草，即黄花地丁草。能溃破坚肿，消除结核，屡建奇功；能解食物中毒，疏散郁滞之气，均能达到神奇的效果。
主治（痘疹合参）：凡是痘疹之后的余毒，以及痈肿，均可使用。
（半夏）汲取土和金的气，兼得天时的燥气，火与金相互搏击，所以味辛、平、苦、温，无毒。入足太阴脾经、足阳明胃经、足少阳胆经，也入手少阴心经。辛温善于发散，所以主治伤寒邪气在表里之间的病证。苦味善于下行泄降，所以能清除心下支饮，消除膈间痰热导致的胀满和上气，是祛湿分水、实脾并开通寒湿痰气郁结的圣药。它所大忌的是阴虚血少、津液不足的各种病证。
半夏，对于火热之痰呈黑色，老痰胶结，需同黄芩、黄连配伍。对于寒痰清稀，需同生姜、附子、陈皮、苍术配伍。对于卒中病引起的痰症，需用南星、皂角；对于痰饮胁痛，有特定治法。治疗呕吐反胃，消除肠腹冷痰，疏散逆乱之气。消除恶心呕吐，开通郁结之气，恢复声音，止住脾虚腹泻，收敛心汗，是一切痰厥头痛、头晕目眩的圣药。但是，血症患者、消渴病患者，以及孕妇禁止服用。
脾湿生痰的病症最适合使用，阴虚生痰的病症切忌使用。
主治（痘疹合参）：治疗痘疹虚寒引起的呕吐呃逆、食欲不振，化痰涎，燥脾湿，调和脾胃。但担心其燥烈伤咽且损伤孕妇，在痘疹灌浆期忌用。没有湿痰的患者戒用。
按语：汪机说：脾胃湿热，唾液转化为痰，如果不是半夏，怎么能治疗呢？如果用贝母代替，只能抬头等待死亡。李时珍说：脾没有留湿就不会生痰，所以脾是生痰之源，肺是贮痰之器。半夏治疗痰症，是因为它质地滑利、性质温煦。涎液滑润能滋润，辛温能发散，也能滋润，所以能行湿而通大便，利窍而泄小便，这就是所说的“辛走气即化液，辛以润之”。朱丹溪说：半夏能使大便润而小便长。成无己说：半夏行水气而润肾燥，《局方》中的半硫丸，治疗老人虚秘，都是取其滑润的作用。世俗认为半夏是燥性的，不知道它是利水祛湿，使土壤变干，并非本性燥烈。但如果不是湿热之邪却使用它，就会再次耗亡津液，确实不适宜。如果应该犯禁而犯禁，似乎违背了古人关于半夏有三禁的说法，即血家、渴家、汗家。然而它的功效，止吐属于足阳明胃经，除痰属于足太阴脾经，协助柴胡主治恶寒，又属于足少阳胆经；协助黄芩主治祛热，又属于足阳明胃经。寒热往来，在半表半里之间，所以使用它有各半之意。
Pungent in flavor, neutral in qi, entering the Yang aspect, it then enters the Blood aspect.
Kalimeris indica (Malan), breaks down old blood stasis, nourishes new blood, stops bloody dysentery, resolves alcohol-induced jaundice, treats various bacterial and蛊 (gu) poisons, alleviates pain from Jiaochangsha (intestinal colic/spasm), reduces edema and urinary difficulty, and dissipates postpartum sores and erysipelas.
Absorbing the essence of water, its flavor is sweet, nature is neutral, and it is non-toxic. It enters the Kidney meridian and the Liver meridian; it is a crucial herb for resolving toxicity and cooling blood. Therefore, it is of primary importance in treating Ruyong (acute mastitis) and Luyan (breast cancer). Boiled in water for internal administration or external application, it yields miraculous effects. When included in prescriptions combined with Toukucao, Fumu (Fritillaria), Lianqiao (Forsythia), Baizhi (Angelica dahurica), Gualugen (Trichosanthes root), Jiuye (Tangerine leaf), Tougou (Scalp dirt), Moushufen (Mole feces), Shandougen (Sophora tonkinensis), and Shancigu (Gloriosa superba rhizome), it specifically treats Luyan. The white juice from its rhizomes and stems can be applied to malignant sores and swelling/toxins; applying three to four times daily disperses toxicity and reduces swelling.
Pugongcao (Dandelion), also known as Huanghua Didingcao (Yellow-flowered Viola/Herb), penetrates hardness, reduces swelling, and eliminates tubercles, achieving remarkable results repeatedly. It resolves food poisoning, disperses stagnant Qi, and all achieve miraculous efficacy.
Main indications (Integration of Smallpox and Rash): For residual toxins after smallpox/rash, and for carbuncles, it can be used.
Absorbing the Qi of Earth and Metal, and additionally the dryness of Heaven, Fire and Metal contend with each other; thus, its flavor is pungent, neutral, bitter, and warm, and it is non-toxic. It enters the Foot-Taiyin Spleen meridian, Foot-Yangming Stomach meridian, and Foot-Shaoyang Gallbladder meridian, and also enters the Hand-Shaoyin Heart meridian. Pungent and warm, it excels at dispersing; therefore, it governs Cold Damage pathogens located between the exterior and interior. Bitter, it excels at descending and purging; therefore, it clears Zhiyin (fluid retention under the heart), removes Phlegm-heat distension/fullness and rebellious Qi in the diaphragm, and serves as a supreme medicine for dispelling dampness, separating fluids, strengthening the Spleen, and opening cold-damp Phlegm-Qi stagnation. Its greatest contraindications are conditions of Yin deficiency, Blood deficiency, and insufficient body fluids.
Banxia (Pinellia), for Fire-Phlegm which is black, and old sticky Phlegm, should be combined with Qin (Scutellaria) and Lian (Coptis). For Cold-Phlegm which is clear, combine with Jiang (Ginger), Fu (Aconite), Chenpi (Tangerine peel), and Cangzhu (Atractylodes). For stroke-induced Phlegm disorders, use Nanxing (Arisaema) and Zaojiao (Gleditsia); for Phlegm-fluid hypochondriac pain, there are specific treatments. It treats vomiting and regurgitation, eliminates cold Phlegm in the intestines and abdomen, and disperses rebellious Qi. It removes nausea and vomiting, opens obstructed Qi, restores voice, stops Spleen diarrhea, and consolidates Heart sweating; it is a supreme medicine for all types of Phlegm-Jue headache and vertigo. However, patients with Blood disorders, Xiaoze (wasting-thirst/diabetes), and pregnant women are forbidden to take it.
It is most suitable for Spleen-dampness generating Phlegm syndromes, but strictly contraindicated for Yin-deficiency generating Phlegm syndromes.
Main indications (Integration of Smallpox and Rash): Treats vomiting, hiccup, and poor appetite due to deficiency-cold after smallpox/rash; transforms Phlegm-saliva, dries Spleen-dampness, and harmonizes Spleen and Stomach. However, caution is advised as it may dry the throat and harm pregnant women; it is contraindicated during the pustule-filling stage. Those without damp-Phlegm should avoid using it.
Commentary: Wang Ji stated: "When Spleen-Stomach has damp-heat, saliva transforms into Phlegm; without Banxia, how could this be treated? If substituted with Beimu (Fritillaria), one would merely wait for death." Li Shizhen stated: "The Spleen does not generate Phlegm without retained dampness; thus, the Spleen is the source of Phlegm generation, and the Lung is the vessel storing Phlegm." Banxia treats Phlegm because its texture is slippery and its nature is warm. Saliva's slipperiness moistens; pungency and warmth disperse and also moisten. Thus, it moves dampness to unblock the large intestine and benefits the orifices to promote urination. This is what is meant by 'Pungent travels through Qi to transform fluids' and 'Pungent moistens.' Zhu Danxi said: "Banxia can make the stool moist and urine abundant." Cheng Wuji said: "Banxia moves Water-Qi and moistens Kidney dryness." The Banshu Wan (Half-Sulfur Pill) in *Ju Fang* treats elderly deficiency constipation, taking advantage of its slipperiness and moisture. The common people consider Banxia to be drying, not realizing that it promotes water metabolism and dispels dampness, thereby drying the earth, rather than being inherently drying. However, if used when the pathogen is not damp-heat, it will further deplete body fluids, which is indeed inappropriate. If one violates the prohibitions despite indications, it seems to contradict the ancient saying that Banxia has three prohibitions: for those with blood disorders, thirst, and sweating. Nevertheless, its functions include stopping vomiting via the Foot-Yangming, eliminating Phlegm via the Foot-Taiyin, assisting Chaihu to treat aversion to cold via the Foot-Shaoyang, and assisting Huangqin to dispel heat via the Foot-Yangming. Alternating chills and fever occur between the exterior and interior; thus, using this herb implies a concept of 'half-exterior, half-interior' resolution.