补中益气汤 治阴虚内热，头痛口渴，表热自汗，不任风寒，脉洪大，心烦不安，四
肢困倦，懒于言语，无气以动，动则气高而喘。
黄 人参 云术 炙甘草 陈皮 当归 升麻 柴胡
上八味，加生姜三片，大枣二枚，水煎，温服。
【集注】柯琴曰∶仲景有建中、理中二法。风木内干中气，用甘草、饴、枣，培土以御
木；姜、桂、芍药，平木而驱风，故名曰建中。寒水内凝于中气，用参、术、甘草，补
土以制水，佐干姜而生土以御寒，故名曰理中。至若劳倦形衰，气少阴虚而生内热者，表
证颇同外感，惟李杲知其为劳倦伤脾，谷气不胜阳气，下陷阴中而发热，制补中益气之
法，谓风寒外伤其形，为有余；脾胃内伤其气，为不足。遵《内经》“劳者温之，损者益
之”之义，大忌苦寒之药，选用甘温之品升其阳，以达阳春升生之令。凡脾胃一虚，肺
气先绝，故用黄 护皮毛而闭腠理，不令自汗。元气不足，懒言、气喘，人参以补之。炙
甘草之甘，以泻心火而除烦，补脾胃而生气。此三味，除烦热之圣药也，佐白术以健脾，当
归以和血。气乱于胸，清浊相干，用陈皮以理之，且以散诸甘药之滞。胃中清气下陷，用
升麻、柴胡气之轻而味之薄者，引胃气以上腾，复其本位，便能升浮，以行生长之令矣。
补中之剂，得发表之品而中自安；益气之剂，赖清气之品而气益培，此用药有相须之妙。是
方也，用以补脾，使地道卑而上行，亦可以补心、肺，损其肺者，益其气，损其心者，调
其营卫也。亦可以补肝木，郁则达之也。惟不宜于肾，阴虚于下者不宜升，阳虚于下者
更不宜升也。凡李杲治脾胃方，俱是益气，去当归、白术，加苍术、木香便是调中，加麦
冬、五味辈，便是清暑。此正是医不执方，亦是医必有方。
赵献可曰∶后天脾土，非得先天之气不行，此气因劳而下陷于太阴，清气不升，浊
气不降，故用升、柴以佐参、 ，是方所以补益后天中之先天也。凡脾胃不足，喜甘而
恶苦，喜补而恶攻，喜温而恶寒，喜通而恶滞，喜升而恶降，喜燥而恶湿，此方得之矣。
陆丽京曰∶此为清阳下陷者言之，非为下虚而清阳不升者言之也。倘人之两尺虚微
者，或者肾中水竭，或者命门火衰，若再一升提，则如大木将摇而拨其本也。
升阳益胃汤 治脾胃虚，怠惰嗜卧，四肢不收。时值秋燥令行，湿热方退，体重节
痛，口干舌燥，饮食无味，大便不调，小便频数，食不消，兼见肺病，洒淅恶寒，惨惨不乐，面色不和。
羌活 独活 防风 柴胡 人参 白术 茯苓 甘草 黄 白芍 半夏 黄连 泽泻 陈皮
水煎服。
【集注】吴琨曰∶脾土虚弱不能制湿，故体重节痛；不能运化精微，故口干无味；中
气既弱，传化失宜，故大便不调，小便频数也。洒淅恶寒，肺弱表虚也。面色不乐，阳
气不伸也。是方半夏、白术能燥湿，茯苓、泽泻渗之，二活，防风、柴胡能升举清阳之气，
黄连疗湿热，陈皮平胃气，参、 、甘草以益胃，白芍酸收用以和营，而协羌活、柴胡
辛散之性，盖古人用辛散必用酸收，所以防其竣厉，犹兵家之节制也。
【按】人参属补，不知君于枳、朴中，即为补中泻也。羌、防辈为散，不知佐于参、
中，即为补中升也。近世之医，一见羌、防辈，即曰∶发散不可轻用。亦不审佐于何药
之中，皆因读书未明，不知造化别有妙理耳。
升阳散火汤 治脾阴血虚，胃阳气弱，春寒不去，及过食冷物，抑遏少阳清气，郁于
脾土之中，四肢发困热、肌热，筋骨间热、表热如火燎于肌肤，扪之烙手，并宜服之。
升麻 葛根 独活 羌活 白芍 人参（以上各五钱） 甘草（炙，三钱） 柴胡（三钱）
防风（二钱） 甘草（生，二钱）
上 咀，如麻豆大。每服秤五钱，水二盏，煎一盏，去滓，大温服，无时，忌寒凉之物。
【集注】吴琨曰∶经云∶少火生气。大非此火不能生物，人非此火不能有生，扬之则
光，遏之则灭。今为春寒不去，遏郁阳气，饮食冷物，填塞至阴，以致升生之气几于息矣。
故用升麻、柴胡、羌活、独活、葛根，皆辛温风药，以鼓动少阳生气。清阳既出上窍，则
浊阴自归下窍，而食物传化，自无抑遏之患。芍药 味酸，能泻土中之木。人参味甘，能补
中州之气。生甘草能泻郁火于脾，从而炙之，则健脾胃而和中矣。李杲圣于脾胃者，其治
之也，必主于升阳。俗医知降而不知升，是扑其少火也，安望其卫生耶！若气不虚，本
方除人参、独活加葱白，名火郁汤，治同。
补脾胃泻阴火升阳汤 治饮食伤胃，劳倦伤脾，脾胃一虚，阳气下陷，阴火乘之，时
值夏令，当从此治。
黄 苍术（泔浸，炒） 甘草（炙） 羌活（一两）
升麻（八钱） 柴胡（两半） 黄连（酒炒，五钱） 黄芩（炒） 人参（七钱） 石膏（少许，
长夏微用，过时去之）
每服五钱，姜、枣煎服。
【集注】汪昂曰∶李杲云∶脾胃一伤，阳气日损，脾胃之清气下陷，浊阴之火得以上
乘，是有秋冬而无春夏也。惟以气味薄之风药，升发阳气，佐以苦寒之品，泻阴中火，则
阴不病阳气伸矣。是方参、 、术、草，以补脾胃也。佐羌活、升、柴，以助阳升；佐
石膏、芩、连，以泻阴火。假令不能食而瘦，乃本病也。右关脉缓弱，乃本脉也。或本脉
兼见弦脉，本证兼见四肢满、闭、淋、溲便难、转筋一二证，此肝之脾胃病也，当加风
药以泻肝木。脉兼见洪大，证兼见肌热、烦热、面赤一二证，此心之脾胃病也，当加泻
心火之药。脉兼见浮涩，证兼见短气、气上喘咳、痰盛、皮涩一二证，此肺之脾胃病也，
当加泻肺及补气之药。脉兼见沉细，证兼见善欠、善恐一二证，此肾之脾胃病也，当加
泻肾水及泻阴火之药。所以言此者，欲人知百病皆从脾胃而生，处方者当从此法加时令药也。
清暑益气汤 长夏湿热蒸炎，四肢困倦，精神减少，身热气高，烦心便黄，渴而自汗，
脉虚者，此方主之。
人参 黄 甘草 白术 神曲 五味子 青皮 升麻 干葛 麦冬 黄柏 泽泻
广橘皮 苍术（钱半） 当归
姜三片，枣二枚，去核，水煎服。
【集注】吴琨曰∶暑令行于夏至，长夏则兼湿令矣。此方兼而治之。炎暑则表气易泄，
兼湿则中气不固。黄 所以实表，白术、神曲、甘草所以调中，酷暑横流，肺金受病，人
参、五味、麦冬，所以补肺、敛肺、清肺，经所谓扶其所不胜也，火盛则水衰，故以黄柏、
泽泻，滋其化源。津液亡则口渴，故以当归、干葛，生其胃液。清气不升，升麻可升；浊
气不降，二皮可理。苍术之用，为兼长夏之湿也。
程应旄曰∶人知清暑，我兼益气，以暑伤气也。益气不独金能敌火，凡气之上腾而
为津、为液者，回下即为肾中之水。水气足，火淫自却也。
清燥汤 治痿厥之病，腰以下痿软不能动，行走不正，两足欹侧。
黄连 黄柏（酒炒） 柴胡（以上各一分） 麦冬
当归身 生地 猪苓 炙甘草 神曲（以上各二分） 人参 白茯苓 升麻（以上各三分） 橘皮
白术 泽泻（以上各五分） 苍术（一钱） 黄 （一钱五分） 五味子（九枚）
上 咀，如麻豆大，水二盏半，煎一盏，去滓，空心温服。
【注】清暑益气汤与此方均治湿暑之剂。清暑益气汤，治暑盛于湿，暑伤气，所以四
肢困倦，精神减少，烦渴身热，自汗脉虚，故以补气为主，清暑为兼，少佐去湿之品，从
令气也。此方治湿盛于暑，湿伤形，所以李杲曰∶六、七月之间，湿令大行，子能令母
实，湿助热旺而刑燥金，绝其寒水生化之源，源绝则肾亏，痿厥之病作矣。故以清暑变为
清燥，佐泻热利湿之药，从邪气也。是方即清暑益气汤去葛根者，以无暑外侵之肌热也。
加二苓者，专去湿也。加黄连、生地，专泻热也。二苓佐二术，利水燥湿之力倍。连、地
佐黄柏，救金生水之功多。中气益，则阴火熄而肺清矣。湿热除，则燥金肃而水生矣。肺
清水生，则湿热痿厥之病，未有不愈者也。但此方药味，性偏渗泻，若施之于冬春，水竭
髓枯骨痿，或非湿热为病者，反劫津液，其病愈甚，则为谬治矣。
白术附子汤 治寒中腹胀满，作涎作清涕；或多尿足下痛，不能任身履地，骨乏无
力，喜睡，两丸多冷，时作阴阴而痛，或妄见鬼状，梦亡人，腰背、肿眼、腰脊皆痛。
白术 附子（炮，去皮脐） 苍术 陈皮 浓朴（姜制） 半夏（汤洗） 茯苓 猪苓（去皮，
半两） 泽泻 肉桂（四钱）
上锉如麻豆大，每服半两，水三盏，姜三片，同煎至一盏，去滓，食前温服。量虚
实加减多少。
【注】李果云∶脾胃之证，有热中，有寒中。热中者，是火乘土位之病，则当上举清
阳，下消阴火，故用补中益气，泻阴火升阳等汤。寒中者，水反侮土之病，则当下伐水
邪，中燥脾湿，故用二苓、术、泽、苍、陈、朴、复，更用桂、附，壮阳胜寒，流通血脉，
寒中之病自可愈也。
【按】李杲制此方，施之于脾胃寒湿内盛，胀满多尿，涎涕外盛，足软，腰脊丸痛，而
气不虚者宜矣。若其人中气已虚，内外寒湿又盛，水来侮土者，总不若理中汤加附子、苍
术，茯苓为愈也。
葛花解醒汤 治酒客病。
莲花青皮（去穣，三分） 木香（五分） 橘皮（去白白） 茯苓 人参 猪苓（以上各钱五分）
神曲（炒） 泽泻 干姜 白术（以上各二钱） 白豆蔻仁 葛花 砂仁（以上各五钱）
上为细末，和均，每服三钱，白汤调下。
但得微汗，酒病去矣。不可恃此过饮，频服取汗，损人天年。
【注】酒为水谷精液所化，体湿性热，少饮则能调和气血，流畅阴阳，内助中气，捍
御外邪。若过饮无度，轻则伤人脾胃，重则损人神气。所以酒困之人，昏晕烦乱，干呕
恶心，饮食即吐，百体酸软，身热头疼，嘈杂吞酸，胸隔痞塞，口燥舌干，手足颤摇，心
神恍惚，不思饮食，小便混浊，大便溏泻，此皆湿热伤形与气也。
【按】李杲曰∶酒病者，往往以大热、大寒下之者，是无形元气受病，反下有形阴血，
乖误甚矣。大热则伤阴，大寒则伤胃，元气消亡，七神无根据，折人寿命，不然则虚损之
病成矣。故制此方，君葛花，佐以辛香之品；用神曲，佐以快气之品；用苓泽，佐以甘温
之品。服后取汗，是谓外解肌肉，内清阳明令上下、内外，分消其患，使胃中秽为芳变
浊为清化，泰然和矣。
平胃散 治湿淫于内，脾胃不能克制，有积饮、痞膈、中满者。
苍术（米泔浸七日，五斤） 陈皮（去白） 浓朴（姜汁炒，各三斤） 甘草（炙，三十两）
上为末，每服二钱，姜汤下，日三服。或水煎，每服五钱。
【集注】柯琴曰∶《内经》以土运太过曰敦阜，其病腹满；不及曰卑监，其病留满痞
塞。张仲景制三承气汤，调胃土之敦阜。李杲制平胃散，平胃上之卑监。培其卑者，而
使之平，非削平之谓。犹温胆汤用凉剂，温缓而使之和，非用温之谓，后之注《本草》者
曰∶敦阜之土，宜苍术以平之；卑监之土，宜白术以培之。若以湿土为敦阜，将以燥土为
卑监耶？不审敦阜属燥，卑监属湿之义，因不知平胃之理矣。二术苦甘，皆燥湿健脾之
用，脾燥则不滞，所以能健运而得其平。第二术白者柔而缓，苍者猛而悍，此取其长于
发汗，迅于除湿，故以苍术为君耳。不得以白补、赤泻之说，为二术拘也。浓朴色赤苦
温，能助少火以生气，故以为佐。湿因于气之不行，气行则愈，故更以陈皮佐之。甘先
入脾，脾得补而健运，故以炙甘草为使。名曰平胃，实调脾承气之剂，与张洁古取《金
匮》之枳术汤以为丸，枳实之峻重于浓朴，且无甘草以和之，虽倍白术，而消伐过于此方，
昧者以术为补而久服之，不思枳实峻削而不宜多服也。
枳术丸 治胃虚湿热，饮食壅滞，心下痞闷。
白术（土蒸，二两） 枳实（麸炒，一两）
上为细末，荷叶煨陈米饭为丸，如椒目大，白汤下。
【集注】李杲曰∶白术苦甘温，其苦味除胃中之湿热，其甘温补脾家之元气。多于枳
实一倍。枳实味苦温，泄心下痞闷，消胃中所伤。此药下胃所伤不能即去，须一二时许，
食乃消化。先补虚，而后化所伤，则不峻厉矣。荷叶状如仰盂，于卦为震，正少阳甲胆
之气，饮食入胃，营气上行，即此气也，取之以生胃气。更以煨饭和药，与术协力，滋
养谷气而补脾胃，其利大矣。若用峻厉之药下之，传变诸证，不可胜数。
资生丸 治妇人妊娠三月，脾虚呕吐，或胎滑不固。兼丈夫调中养胃，饥能使饱，饱
能使饥，神妙难述。
人参（三两） 茯苓（二两） 云术（二两） 山药（二两） 薏苡仁（两半）
莲肉（二两） 芡实（两半） 甘草（一两） 陈皮（二两） 麦 （二两） 神曲（二两） 白豆
补中益气汤：治疗阴虚内热，头痛口渴，体表发热且自汗出，不能耐受风寒，脉象洪大，心烦不安，四肢困倦，懒于言语，气短无力，稍动则气息上逆而喘息。
黄芪、人参、白术、炙甘草、陈皮、当归、升麻、柴胡。
以上八味药，加生姜三片，大枣二枚，用水煎煮，温服。
【集注】柯琴说：张仲景有建中、理中两种治法。风木之气内犯中气，用甘草、饴糖、大枣，培补脾土以抵御肝木；用生姜、肉桂、芍药，平抑肝木并驱散风邪，所以名叫建中。寒水之气内凝于中气，用人参、白术、甘草，补益脾土以制约肾水，佐以干姜来生发脾土以抵御寒冷，所以名叫理中。至于因劳倦导致形体衰弱，气少阴虚而生内热的情况，表证颇像外感病，只有李杲知道这是劳倦损伤了脾胃，谷气不胜阳气，下陷于阴分而发热，制定了补中益气的方法，认为风寒外伤其形，属于有余（实证）；脾胃内伤其气，属于不足（虚证）。遵循《内经》“劳者温之，损者益之”的意义，大忌苦寒药物，选用甘温的药物提升阳气，以顺应春天阳气升发生长的规律。凡是脾胃一虚，肺气先绝，所以用黄芪保护皮毛并闭合腠理，不让其自汗。元气不足，懒言、气喘，用人参来补益。炙甘草的甘味，能泻心火而除烦，补脾胃而生发气血。这三味药，是除烦热的圣药，佐以白术健脾，当归和血。气乱于胸，清浊相干扰，用陈皮来调理，并且能疏散各种甘味药的壅滞。胃中清气下陷，用升麻、柴胡气味轻清而味道淡薄的特性，引导胃气向上腾升，恢复其本位，便能升浮，以执行生长的规律。补中的药剂，得到发表的药物而中气自然安宁；益气的药剂，依赖清气升提的药物而元气更加培补，这是用药有相互助长的妙处。这个方子，用来补脾，使地气卑下而上行，也可以补心、肺，亏损肺脏的，补益其气，亏损心脏的，调和其营卫。也可以补肝木，肝气郁结则疏达它。唯独不适合用于肾，阴虚于下的不宜升提，阳虚于下的更不宜升提。凡是李杲治疗脾胃的方子，都是益气，去掉当归、白术，加上苍术、木香就是调中，加上麦冬、五味子之类，就是清暑。这正是医生不固执于固定方剂，也是医生必须有方剂的原则。
赵献可说：后天的脾土，不得到先天的元气就不能运行，这种元气因为劳倦而下陷于太阴经，清气不升，浊气不降，所以用升麻、柴胡来辅助人参、黄芪，这个方子所以能补益后天中的先天。凡是脾胃不足，喜欢甘味而厌恶苦味，喜欢补益而厌恶攻伐，喜欢温热而厌恶寒凉，喜欢通畅而厌恶停滞，喜欢升提而厌恶下降，喜欢燥湿而厌恶湿润，这个方子都符合这些特点。
陆丽京说：这是为清阳下陷的人说的，不是为下元虚弱而清阳不升的人说的。如果人的两尺脉虚微的，或者是肾中津液枯竭，或者是命门火衰，如果再加以升提，就像大树将要动摇而去摇动它的根基一样危险。
升阳益胃汤：治疗脾胃虚弱，怠惰嗜睡，四肢不收摄。正值秋燥令行，湿热刚退，身体沉重关节疼痛，口干舌燥，饮食无味，大便不调，小便频数，食物不消化，兼见肺病症状，洒淅恶寒，心情抑郁不乐，面色不和。
羌活、独活、防风、柴胡、人参、白术、茯苓、甘草、黄芪、白芍、半夏、黄连、泽泻、陈皮。
用水煎服。
【集注】吴琨说：脾土虚弱不能制约湿气，所以身体沉重关节疼痛；不能运化精微物质，所以口干无味；中气既然虚弱，传导消化失常，所以大便不调，小便频数。洒淅恶寒，是肺气弱表虚的表现。面色不乐，是阳气不能伸展的表现。这个方子中半夏、白术能燥湿，茯苓、泽泻能渗利湿气，羌活、独活、防风、柴胡能升举清阳之气，黄连治疗湿热，陈皮平调胃气，人参、黄芪、甘草来益胃，白芍酸收用以和营，并配合羌活、柴胡辛散的性质，大概古人用辛散药必定用酸收药，以防止其过于峻烈，就像兵家讲究节制一样。
【按语】人参属于补益药，不知道如果在枳实、厚朴中作为君药，就成为补中兼泻的作用。羌活、防风等属于发散药，不知道如果在人参、黄芪中作为佐药，就成为补中兼升的作用。近世的医生，一见羌活、防风等药，就说：发散药不可轻用。也不审察它们配合在什么药中，都是因为读书不明，不知道造化另有妙理罢了。
升阳散火汤：治疗脾阴血虚，胃阳气弱，春寒不去，以及过食冷物，抑制遏阻少阳清气，郁结在脾土之中，四肢感到困热，肌肉发热，筋骨间发热，体表发热如火烧肌肤，摸上去烫手，都适宜服用。
升麻、葛根、独活、羌活、白芍（以上各五钱）、甘草（炙，三钱）、柴胡（三钱）、防风（二钱）、甘草（生，二钱）。
以上药材切碎，如麻豆大小。每次称取五钱，水两盏，煎至一盏，去渣，大温服，不拘时候，忌食寒凉之物。
【集注】吴琨说：经文说：少火生气。大凡没有这火就不能生化万物，人没有这火就不能生存，扬起它就发光，遏制它就熄灭。现在因为春寒不去，遏郁阳气，饮食冷物，填塞至阴，以致升生的气几乎要停止了。所以用升麻、柴胡、羌活、独活、葛根，都是辛温的风药，来鼓动少阳的生气。清阳既出于上窍，那么浊阴自然归于下窍，而食物的传导消化，自然没有抑遏的祸患。芍药味酸，能泻脾土中的肝木。人参味甘，能补中州之气。生甘草能泻脾中的郁火，从而将其炙烤，就能健脾胃而和中焦。李杲精通脾胃学说，他治疗这类疾病，一定以升阳为主。世俗医生只知道降而不知道升，这是扑灭少火，怎么指望他们养生呢？如果气不虚，原方去掉人参、独活加葱白，名叫火郁汤，治疗相同。
补脾胃泻阴火升阳汤：治疗饮食伤胃，劳倦伤脾，脾胃一虚，阳气下陷，阴火乘虚侵袭，正值夏令，应当从此法治疗。
黄芪、苍术（淘米水浸泡，炒）、甘草（炙）、羌活（一两）、升麻（八钱）、柴胡（一两半）、黄连（酒炒，五钱）、黄芩（炒）、人参（七钱）、石膏（少许，长夏微用，过时去掉）。
每次服五钱，姜、枣煎服。
【集注】汪昂说：李杲说：脾胃一受伤，阳气日渐损耗，脾胃的清气下陷，浊阴之火得以上乘，这就只有秋冬而没有春夏了。只能用气味轻薄的风药，升发阳气，佐以苦寒的药物，泻阴中的火，那么阴不病而阳气伸展了。这个方子中人参、黄芪、白术、甘草，用来补脾胃。佐以羌活、升麻、柴胡，以助阳气上升；佐以石膏、黄芩、黄连，以泻阴火。假使不能进食而消瘦，这是本病。右关脉缓弱，这是本脉。或者本脉兼见弦脉，本证兼见四肢胀满、闭塞、淋证、小便困难、转筋一二个症状，这是肝影响脾胃的病，应当加风药以泻肝木。脉兼见洪大，证兼见肌热、烦热、面赤一二个症状，这是心影响脾胃的病，应当加泻心火的药。脉兼见浮涩，证兼见短气、气上喘咳、痰盛、皮肤干燥一二个症状，这是肺影响脾胃的病，应当加泻肺及补气的药。脉兼见沉细，证兼见善欠、善恐一二个症状，这是肾影响脾胃的病，应当加泻肾水及泻阴火的药。之所以说这些，是想让人知道百病皆从脾胃而生，开处方的人应当根据此法加入时令药。
清暑益气汤：长夏湿热蒸腾炎热，四肢困倦，精神减少，身热气高，心烦便黄，口渴且自汗，脉虚的，此方主治。
人参、黄芪、甘草、白术、神曲、五味子、青皮、升麻、干葛、麦冬、黄柏、泽泻、广橘皮、苍术（钱半）、当归。
姜三片，枣二枚，去核，用水煎服。
【集注】吴琨说：暑令行于夏至，长夏则兼有湿令。此方兼而治之。炎暑则表气易泄，兼湿则中气不固。黄芪所以实表，白术、神曲、甘草所以调中，酷暑横流，肺金受病，人参、五味子、麦冬，所以补肺、敛肺、清肺，经所谓扶助其所不胜的脏器，火盛则水衰，所以用黄柏、泽泻，滋补水之源。津液亡失则口渴，所以用当归、干葛，生养胃液。清气不升，升麻可升提；浊气不降，青皮、橘皮可调理。苍术的使用，是为了兼治长夏的湿气。
程应旄说：人们只知道清暑，我兼益气，因为暑伤气。益气不仅金能敌火，凡是气之上腾而为津、为液的，回下即为肾中之水。水气足，火淫自灭。
清燥汤：治疗痿厥之病，腰以下痿软不能动，行走不正，两足歪斜。
黄连、黄柏（酒炒）、柴胡（以上各一分）、麦冬、当归身、生地、猪苓、炙甘草、神曲（以上各二分）、人参、白茯苓、升麻（以上各三分）、橘皮、白术、泽泻（以上各五分）、苍术（一钱）、黄芪（一钱五分）、五味子（九枚）。
以上药材切碎，如麻豆大小，水两盏半，煎至一盏，去渣，空腹温服。
【注】清暑益气汤与此方均治疗湿暑的方剂。清暑益气汤，治疗暑盛于湿，暑伤气，所以四肢困倦，精神减少，烦渴身热，自汗脉虚，所以以补气为主，清暑为兼，少佐去湿之品，顺从时令之气。此方治疗湿盛于暑，湿伤形，所以李杲说：六、七月之间，湿令大行，子能令母实，湿助热旺而刑克燥金，断绝其寒水生化之源，源绝则肾亏，痿厥之病就发作了。所以将清暑变为清燥，佐以泻热利湿的药，顺从邪气。这个方子即清暑益气汤去掉葛根，因为没有暑邪外侵的肌热。加猪苓、茯苓，专门去湿。加黄连、生地，专门泻热。猪苓、茯苓佐以白术、苍术，利水燥湿的力量加倍。黄连、生地佐以黄柏，救金生水的功效多。中气益，则阴火熄而肺清矣。湿热除，则燥金肃而水生矣。肺清水生，则湿热痿厥之病，没有不愈的。只是这个方子的药味，性偏渗泻，如果施之于冬春，水竭髓枯骨痿，或非湿热为病的，反而劫夺津液，病情加重，就是误治了。
白术附子汤：治疗寒中腹胀满，流涎流清涕；或多尿足下痛，不能承受身体重量站立，骨乏无力，喜睡，睾丸多冷，时常隐隐作痛，或妄见鬼状，梦见死人，腰背、眼睑、腰脊皆痛。
白术、附子（炮，去皮脐）、苍术、陈皮、浓朴（姜制）、半夏（汤洗）、茯苓、猪苓（去皮，半两）、泽泻、肉桂（四钱）。
以上药材锉如麻豆大，每次服半两，水三盏，姜三片，同煎至一盏，去渣，饭前温服。根据虚实加减多少。
【注】李杲说：脾胃的病，有热中，有寒中。热中者，是火乘土位的病，则应当上举清阳，下消阴火，所以用补中益气，泻阴火升阳等汤。寒中者，是水反侮土的病，则应当下伐水邪，中燥脾湿，所以用二苓、术、泽、苍、陈、朴、附，再用桂、附，壮阳胜寒，流通血脉，寒中的病自然可愈。
【按语】李杲制作此方，施之于脾胃寒湿内盛，胀满多尿，涎涕外盛，足软，腰脊睾丸痛，而气不虚的人是适宜的。如果其人中气已虚，内外寒湿又盛，水来侮土的，总不如理中汤加附子、苍术、茯苓效果好。
葛花解醒汤：治疗饮酒过度致病。
莲花青皮（去瓤，三分）、木香（五分）、橘皮（去白）、茯苓、人参、猪苓（以上各钱五分）、神曲（炒）、泽泻、干姜、白术（以上各二钱）、白豆蔻仁、葛花、砂仁（以上各五钱）。
以上研为细末，和匀，每次服三钱，白开水调下。
只要得微汗，酒病就去除了。不可倚仗此方过量饮酒，频繁服药取汗，损害人的寿命。
【注】酒是由水谷精液所化，体湿性热，少饮则能调和气血，流畅阴阳，内助中气，抵御外邪。如果过饮无度，轻则伤人脾胃，重则损人神气。所以酒醉之人，昏晕烦乱，干呕恶心，饮食即吐，全身酸软，身热头疼，嘈杂吞酸，胸膈痞塞，口燥舌干，手足颤摇，心神恍惚，不思饮食，小便混浊，大便溏泻，这都是湿热伤形与气。
【按语】李杲说：酒病者，往往以大热、大寒药下之，这是无形元气受病，反而下有形阴血，错误很大。大热则伤阴，大寒则伤胃，元气消亡，七神无根据，折损人的寿命，不然则成为虚损的病。所以制作此方，以葛花为君，佐以辛香之品；用神曲，佐以快气之品；用茯苓、泽泻，佐以甘温之品。服后取汗，这叫外解肌肉，内清阳明，令上下、内外，分消其患，使胃中秽浊变为芳清香化，泰然调和。
平胃散：治疗湿淫于内，脾胃不能克制，有积饮、痞膈、中满者。
苍术（米泔浸七日，五斤）、陈皮（去白）、浓朴（姜汁炒，各三斤）、甘草（炙，三十两）。
以上研为末，每次服二钱，姜汤送下，日服三次。或水煎，每次服五钱。
【集注】柯琴说：《内经》以土运太过叫敦阜，其病腹满；不及叫卑监，其病留满痞塞。张仲景制三承气汤，调胃土之敦阜。李杲制平胃散，平胃上之卑监。培其卑者，而使之平，不是削平的意思。就像温胆汤用凉剂，温缓而使之和，不是用温的意思，后世注《本草》的人说：敦阜之土，宜苍术以平之；卑监之土，宜白术以培之。如果把湿土当作敦阜，将以燥土为卑监吗？不审察敦阜属燥，卑监属湿的含义，因此不知道平胃的道理。二术苦甘，都是燥湿健脾的作用，脾燥则不滞，所以能健运而得其平。第二术白者柔而缓，苍者猛而悍，这是取其长于发汗，迅于除湿，所以以苍术为君。不能用白补、赤泻的说法，来拘泥于二术。浓朴色赤苦温，能助少火以生气，所以以为佐。湿因于气之不行，气行则愈，所以更以陈皮佐之。甘先入脾，脾得补而健运，所以以炙甘草为使。名叫平胃，实际上是调脾承气的方剂，与张洁古取《金匮》的枳术汤做丸，枳实的峻重于浓朴，且无甘草以和之，虽然倍用白术，而消伐超过此方，愚昧的人把术当作补药而久服，不考虑枳实峻削而不宜多服。
枳术丸：治疗胃虚湿热，饮食壅滞，心下痞闷。
白术（土蒸，二两）、枳实（麸炒，一两）。
以上研为细末，荷叶煨陈米饭为丸，如椒目大，白开水送下。
【集注】李杲说：白术苦甘温，其苦味除胃中之湿热，其甘温补脾家之元气。多于枳实一倍。枳实味苦温，泄心下痞闷，消胃中所伤。此药下胃所伤不能即去，须一二时许，食乃消化。先补虚，而后化所伤，则不峻厉矣。荷叶状如仰盂，于卦为震，正少阳甲胆之气，饮食入胃，营气上行，即此气也，取之以生胃气。更以煨饭和药，与术协力，滋养谷气而补脾胃，其利大矣。若用峻厉之药下之，传变诸证，不可胜数。
资生丸：治疗妇人妊娠三月，脾虚呕吐，或胎滑不固。兼丈夫调中养胃，饥能使饱，饱能使饥，神妙难述。
人参（三两）、茯苓（二两）、云术（二两）、山药（二两）、薏苡仁（两半）、莲肉（二两）、芡实（两半）、甘草（一两）、陈皮（二两）、麦 （二两）、神曲（二两）、白豆
Buzhong Yiqi Tang (Tonify the Middle and Augment the Qi Decoction): Treats deficiency heat due to yin deficiency, headache, thirst, surface heat with spontaneous sweating, inability to tolerate wind and cold, surging pulse, vexation and restlessness, fatigue of the four limbs, reluctance to speak, lack of qi to move, and panting with exertion.
Huangqi (Astragali Radix), Renshen (Ginseng Radix), Baizhu (Atractylodis Rhizoma), Zhigancao (Prepared Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma), Chenpi (Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium), Danggui (Angelicae Sinensis Radix), Shengma (Cimicifugae Rhizoma), Chaihu (Bupleuri Radix).
The above eight herbs, add three slices of Shengjiang (Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens), two dates (Jujubae Fructus), decoct in water, and take warm.
[Collected Notes] Ke Qin said: Zhang Zhongjing had two methods: Jianzhong (Establish the Middle) and Lizhong (Regulate the Middle). When Wind Wood pathogen internally affects the Middle Qi, Gancao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma), Yitang (Maltose), and Zao (Jujubae Fructus) are used to nourish Earth to control Wood; Jiang (Zingiberis Rhizoma), Rougui (Cinnamomi Cortex), and Shaoyao (Paeoniae Radix) are used to pacify Wood and expel Wind, hence named Jianzhong. When Cold Water pathogen internally coagulates in the Middle Qi, Renshen (Ginseng Radix), Baizhu (Atractylodis Rhizoma), and Gancao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma) are used to tonify Earth to control Water, assisted by Ganjiang (Zingiberis Rhizoma) to generate Earth to resist Cold, hence named Lizhong. As for cases where fatigue leads to physical decline, insufficient Qi and Yin deficiency generating internal heat, the exterior symptoms resemble external contraction diseases. Only Li Gao knew this was spleen injury due to fatigue, where Grain Qi cannot overcome Yang Qi, sinking into the Yin level causing fever. He formulated the method of Buzhong Yiqi, stating that Wind-Cold externally injures the form, which is excess; Spleen-Stomach internally injures the Qi, which is deficiency. Following the meaning of "Treat fatigue with warmth, treat deficiency with augmentation" from the Neijing, he strictly avoided bitter-cold herbs, selecting sweet-warm herbs to raise Yang Qi, to achieve the command of spring's rising and generating nature. Whenever Spleen-Stomach is deficient, Lung Qi is first cut off; thus Huangqi (Astragali Radix) is used to protect the skin and hair and close the Couli (pores), preventing spontaneous sweating. Due to insufficient Yuan Qi, leading to reluctance to speak and panting, Renshen (Ginseng Radix) is used to tonify it. The sweetness of Zhigancao (Prepared Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma) clears Heart Fire and removes vexation, tonifies Spleen-Stomach and generates Qi and Blood. These three herbs are sacred medicines for removing vexation and heat. They are assisted by Baizhu (Atractylodis Rhizoma) to strengthen the Spleen, and Danggui (Angelicae Sinensis Radix) to harmonize Blood. When Qi is chaotic in the chest, with clear and turbid interfering, Chenpi (Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium) is used to regulate it, and to dissipate the stagnation of various sweet herbs. When clear Qi of the Stomach sinks, Shengma (Cimicifugae Rhizoma) and Chaihu (Bupleuri Radix), being light in Qi and thin in flavor, are used to guide Stomach Qi upward, restoring its original position, allowing it to rise and float, executing the command of growth. A formula tonifying the Middle, when combined with herbs releasing the exterior, ensures the Middle remains secure; a formula augmenting Qi, relying on herbs raising clear Qi, further cultivates Qi. This demonstrates the wonderful synergy of medication. This formula, used to tonify the Spleen, makes the earthly energy ascend from below; it can also tonify the Heart and Lungs. For lung deficiency, augment Qi; for heart deficiency, harmonize Ying and Wei. It can also tonify Liver Wood, dispersing stagnation. It is only unsuitable for the Kidney; those with Yin deficiency below should not be raised, and those with Yang deficiency below especially should not be raised. All formulas by Li Gao for treating Spleen-Stomach augment Qi. Removing Danggui and Baizhu, adding Cangzhu (Atractylodis Rhizoma) and Muxiang (Aucklandiae Radix) constitutes Tiaozhong (Regulate the Middle); adding Maidong (Ophiopogonis Radix) and Wuweizi (Schisandrae Fructus) constitutes Qingshu (Clear Summerheat). This exemplifies that doctors do not adhere rigidly to fixed formulas, yet must have formulas.
Zhao Xianke said: Postnatal Spleen Earth cannot function without Prenatal Qi. This Qi, due to fatigue, sinks into the Taiyin Meridian, clear Qi does not ascend, turbid Qi does not descend. Thus, Shengma (Cimicifugae Rhizoma) and Chaihu (Bupleuri Radix) assist Renshen (Ginseng Radix) and Huangqi (Astragali Radix). This formula supplements the prenatal within the postnatal. Whenever Spleen-Stomach is deficient, it prefers sweet and dislikes bitter, prefers tonification and dislikes attack, prefers warmth and dislikes cold, prefers unobstructed flow and dislikes stagnation, prefers ascending and dislikes descending, prefers dryness and dislikes dampness. This formula embodies all these principles.
Lu Lijing said: This speaks of sinking clear Yang, not of lower deficiency where clear Yang fails to ascend. If the two Chi pulses are weak and minute, it may be exhaustion of Kidney Water or decline of Mingmen Fire. Further ascending and lifting would be like shaking the roots of a tree about to fall.
Shengyang Yizhe Tang (Raise Yang and Benefit Stomach Decoction): Treats Spleen-Stomach deficiency, lethargy and desire to sleep, limbs unable to hold themselves. Occurring during the autumn dryness season, as damp-heat recedes, body heaviness and joint pain, dry mouth and tongue, loss of taste in food, irregular bowel movements, frequent urination, indigestion, accompanied by Lung disease symptoms, aversion to cold with shivering, depression, and unhealthy complexion.
Qianghuo (Notopterygii Rhizoma et Radix), Duhuo (Angelicae Pubescentis Radix), Fangfeng (Saposhnikoviae Radix), Chaihu (Bupleuri Radix), Renshen (Ginseng Radix), Baizhu (Atractylodis Rhizoma), Fuling (Poria), Gancao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma), Huangqi (Astragali Radix), Baishao (Paeoniae Radix Alba), Banxia (Pinelliae Rhizoma), Huanglian (Coptidis Rhizoma), Zexie (Alismatis Rhizoma), Chenpi (Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium).
Decoct in water and take.
[Collected Notes] Wu Kun said: Weak Spleen Earth cannot control dampness, hence body heaviness and joint pain; it cannot transform and transport essence, hence dry mouth and loss of taste. With weak Middle Qi, transmission and transformation are disordered, hence irregular bowel movements and frequent urination. Aversion to cold with shivering indicates weak Lung Qi and superficial deficiency. Unhappy complexion indicates Yang Qi failing to extend. In this formula, Banxia (Pinelliae Rhizoma) and Baizhu (Atractylodis Rhizoma) dry dampness; Fuling (Poria) and Zexie (Alismatis Rhizoma) drain it; Qianghuo (Notopterygii Rhizoma et Radix), Duhuo (Angelicae Pubescentis Radix), Fangfeng (Saposhnikoviae Radix), and Chaihu (Bupleuri Radix) raise clear Yang Qi; Huanglian (Coptidis Rhizoma) treats damp-heat; Chenpi (Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium) regulates Stomach Qi; Renshen (Ginseng Radix), Huangqi (Astragali Radix), and Gancao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma) benefit the Stomach; Baishao (Paeoniae Radix Alba) astringes to harmonize Ying, coordinating with the acrid-dispersing nature of Qianghuo (Notopterygii Rhizoma et Radix) and Chaihu (Bupleuri Radix). Ancient physicians used acrid dispersants always with sour astringents to prevent excessive harshness, similar to military discipline.
[Commentary] Renshen (Ginseng Radix) is tonifying; however, if it is the sovereign herb among Zhishi (Immature Bitter Orange) and Houpo (Magnolia Bark), it becomes tonifying the Middle while draining. Qianghuo (Notopterygii Rhizoma et Radix) and Fangfeng (Saposhnikoviae Radix) are dispersing; however, if they are assistants to Renshen (Ginseng Radix) and Huangqi (Astragali Radix), they become tonifying the Middle while raising. Modern doctors, seeing Qianghuo (Notopterygii Rhizoma et Radix) and Fangfeng (Saposhnikoviae Radix), say: Dispersants should not be used lightly. They do not examine what herbs they accompany. This is due to incomplete study, not knowing the subtle principles of creation.
Shengyang Sanhuo Tang (Raise Yang and Scatter Fire Decoction): Treats Spleen Yin and Blood deficiency, weak Stomach Yang Qi, lingering spring cold, and excessive consumption of cold foods suppressing Shaoyang clear Qi, stagnating in Spleen Earth. Symptoms include heat sensation in the four limbs, muscle heat, heat between bones and sinews, surface heat burning the skin like fire, hot to the touch. This formula is suitable for all such cases.
Shengma (Cimicifugae Rhizoma), Gegen (Puerariae Lobatae Radix), Duhuo (Angelicae Pubescentis Radix), Qianghuo (Notopterygii Rhizoma et Radix), Baishao (Paeoniae Radix Alba) (each 5 qian), Zhigancao (Prepared Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, 3 qian), Chaihu (Bupleuri Radix, 3 qian), Fangfeng (Saposhnikoviae Radix, 2 qian), Shenggancao (Raw Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, 2 qian).
Chop the herbs to the size of hemp seeds. Each dose weighs 5 qian, decoct in two cups of water until one cup remains, remove dregs, and take large warm doses at any time. Avoid cold foods.
[Collected Notes] Wu Kun said: The Classic states: Mild fire generates Qi. Without this fire, nothing can be generated, and humans cannot survive. Raised, it shines; suppressed, it extinguishes. Now, due to lingering spring cold suppressing Yang Qi, and cold foods filling the extreme Yin, the rising and generating Qi is nearly extinct. Thus, Shengma (Cimicifugae Rhizoma), Chaihu (Bupleuri Radix), Qianghuo (Notopterygii Rhizoma et Radix), Duhuo (Angelicae Pubescentis Radix), and Gegen (Puerariae Lobatae Radix), all acrid-warm wind herbs, are used to stir up Shaoyang generating Qi. Once clear Yang exits through the upper orifices, turbid Yin naturally returns to the lower orifices, and food digestion proceeds without suppression. Baishao (Paeoniae Radix Alba) is sour and can drain Liver Wood from Spleen Earth. Renshen (Ginseng Radix) is sweet and tonifies Middle Qi. Raw Gancao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma) drains stagnant fire from the Spleen; when roasted, it strengthens Spleen-Stomach and harmonizes the Middle. Li Gao, master of Spleen-Stomach treatment, always focuses on raising Yang. Vulgar doctors know only descending, not ascending; this extinguishes mild fire, how can they expect to preserve health? If Qi is not deficient, removing Renshen (Ginseng Radix) and Duhuo (Angelicae Pubescentis Radix) from the original formula and adding Congbai (Allii Fistulosi Bulbus) creates Huoyu Tang (Fire Stagnation Decoction), treating the same condition.
Bupiwei Xie Yinhuo Shengyang Tang (Tonify Spleen-Stomach, Drain Yin Fire, Raise Yang Decoction): Treats stomach injury from diet, spleen injury from fatigue. Spleen-Stomach deficiency leads to sinking Yang Qi and invasion by Yin Fire. During summer months, this method should be followed.
Huangqi (Astragali Radix), Cangzhu (Atractylodis Rhizoma) (soaked in rice water, fried), Zhigancao (Prepared Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma), Qianghuo (Notopterygii Rhizoma et Radix, 1 liang), Shengma (Cimicifugae Rhizoma, 8 qian), Chaihu (Bupleuri Radix, 1.5 liang), Huanglian (Coptidis Rhizoma) (fried in wine, 5 qian), Huangqin (Scutellariae Radix) (fried), Renshen (Ginseng Radix, 7 qian), Shigao (Gypsum Fibrosum) (a little, slightly used in late summer, removed afterwards).
Each dose 5 qian, decoct with Ginger (Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens) and Dates (Jujubae Fructus).
[Collected Notes] Wang Ang said: Li Gao stated: Once Spleen-Stomach is injured, Yang Qi diminishes daily. Clear Qi of Spleen-Stomach sinks, and turbid Yin Fire ascends, resulting in only Autumn/Winter but no Spring/Summer. Only light wind herbs can raise Yang Qi, assisted by bitter-cold herbs to drain Yin Fire, so Yin does not afflict and Yang Qi extends. In this formula, Renshen (Ginseng Radix), Huangqi (Astragali Radix), Baizhu (Atractylodis Rhizoma), and Gancao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma) tonify Spleen-Stomach. Assisted by Qianghuo (Notopterygii Rhizoma et Radix), Shengma (Cimicifugae Rhizoma), and Chaihu (Bupleuri Radix) to help Yang rise; assisted by Shigao (Gypsum Fibrosum), Huangqin (Scutellariae Radix), and Huanglian (Coptidis Rhizoma) to drain Yin Fire. Suppose one cannot eat and is thin; this is the root disease. The Right Guan pulse is slow and weak; this is the root pulse. If the root pulse is accompanied by a Wiry pulse, and symptoms include limb fullness, obstruction, strangury, difficult urination, or convulsions, this is Liver affecting Spleen-Stomach; add wind herbs to drain Liver Wood. If the pulse is accompanied by Surging-Large, and symptoms include muscle heat, vexation-heat, or red face, this is Heart affecting Spleen-Stomach; add herbs draining Heart Fire. If the pulse is accompanied by Floating-Choppy, and symptoms include shortness of breath, wheezing cough, profuse phlegm, or rough skin, this is Lung affecting Spleen-Stomach; add herbs draining Lung and tonifying Qi. If the pulse is accompanied by Deep-Fine, and symptoms include yawning or fear, this is Kidney affecting Spleen-Stomach; add herbs draining Kidney Water and Yin Fire. I mention this to remind people that all diseases arise from Spleen-Stomach, and prescribers should add seasonal herbs according to this method.
Qingshu Yiqi Tang (Clear Summerheat and Augment Qi Decoction): During late summer, damp-heat steams and burns, causing limb fatigue, reduced spirit, body heat with high temperature, vexation, yellow urine, thirst with spontaneous sweating, and a Deficient pulse. This formula governs such cases.
Renshen (Ginseng Radix), Huangqi (Astragali Radix), Gancao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma), Baizhu (Atractylodis Rhizoma), Shenqu (Medicated Leaven), Wuweizi (Schisandrae Fructus), Qingpi (Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium Viride), Shengma (Cimicifugae Rhizoma), Gange (Puerariae Lobatae Radix), Maidong (Ophiopogonis Radix), Huangbai (Phellodendri Cortex), Zexie (Alismatis Rhizoma), Guangjupi (Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium), Cangzhu (Atractylodis Rhizoma, 1.5 qian), Danggui (Angelicae Sinensis Radix).
Three slices of Ginger (Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens), two dates (Jujubae Fructus) pitted, decoct in water and take.
[Collected Notes] Wu Kun said: Summerheat prevails from Summer Solstice; late summer combines with dampness. This formula treats both. Intense heat causes superficial Qi to leak easily; combined dampness makes Middle Qi insecure. Huangqi (Astragali Radix) solidifies the exterior; Baizhu (Atractylodis Rhizoma), Shenqu (Medicated Leaven), and Gancao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma) regulate the Middle. In rampant summer heat, Lung Metal is injured; Renshen (Ginseng Radix), Wuweizi (Schisandrae Fructus), and Maidong (Ophiopogonis Radix) tonify, astringe, and clear the Lung, following the principle of supporting the element that overcomes the afflicted one. When Fire is excessive, Water declines; thus Huangbai (Phellodendri Cortex) and Zexie (Alismatis Rhizoma) nourish the source of transformation. Loss of fluids causes thirst; thus Danggui (Angelicae Sinensis Radix) and Gegen (Puerariae Lobatae Radix) generate Stomach fluids. Clear Qi does not ascend; Shengma (Cimicifugae Rhizoma) raises it. Turbid Qi does not descend; Qingpi (Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium Viride) and Jupi (Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium) regulate it. Cangzhu (Atractylodis Rhizoma) is used to address late summer dampness.
Cheng Yingmao said: People know to clear summerheat; I additionally augment Qi, because summerheat injures Qi. Augmenting Qi allows Metal to counteract Fire. Furthermore, Qi that rises to become fluids returns downward to become Kidney Water. Sufficient Water eliminates excessive Fire.
Qingzao Tang (Clear Dryness Decoction): Treats Wei-Jue (flaccidity and cold extremities) disease, flaccidity below the waist unable to move, abnormal gait, and tilted feet.
Huanglian (Coptidis Rhizoma), Huangbai (Phellodendri Cortex) (fried in wine), Chaihu (Bupleuri Radix) (each 1 fen), Maidong (Ophiopogonis Radix), Dangguishen (Angelicae Sinensis Radix Root Head), Shengdi (Rehmanniae Radix), Zhuling (Polyporus), Zhigancao (Prepared Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma), Shenqu (Medicated Leaven) (each 2 fen), Renshen (Ginseng Radix), BaiFuling (Poria) (each 3 fen), Shengma (Cimicifugae Rhizoma), Jupi (Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium), Baizhu (Atractylodis Rhizoma), Zexie (Alismatis Rhizoma) (each 5 fen), Cangzhu (Atractylodis Rhizoma, 1 qian), Huangqi (Astragali Radix, 1.5 qian), Wuweizi (Schisandrae Fructus, 9 berries).
Chop herbs to hemp seed size, decoct in two and a half cups of water until one cup remains, remove dregs, and take warm on an empty stomach.
[Note] Both Qingshu Yiqi Tang and this formula treat damp-summerheat conditions. Qingshu Yiqi Tang treats Summerheat prevailing over Dampness, where Summerheat injures Qi, causing limb fatigue, reduced spirit, vexation-thirst, body heat, spontaneous sweating, and deficient pulse. Thus, it primarily tonifies Qi, secondarily clears summerheat, with minor damp-draining herbs to follow the seasonal command. This formula treats Dampness prevailing over Summerheat, where Dampness injures the Form. Li Gao stated: Between the sixth and seventh months, Dampness commands prevail. The child generates the mother's excess; Dampness aids Heat, damaging Dry Metal, cutting off the source of Cold Water generation. Source cutoff leads to Kidney deficiency, triggering Wei-Jue disease. Thus, Summerheat clearing becomes Dryness clearing, assisted by heat-draining and damp-draining herbs to follow the pathogen. This formula is Qingshu Yiqi Tang minus Gegen (Puerariae Lobatae Radix), because there is no muscle heat from external summerheat invasion. Adding Zhuling (Polyporus) and Fuling (Poria) specifically removes dampness. Adding Huanglian (Coptidis Rhizoma) and Shengdi (Rehmanniae Radix) specifically drains heat. Zhuling (Polyporus) and Fuling (Poria) assist Baizhu (Atractylodis Rhizoma) and Cangzhu (Atractylodis Rhizoma), doubling the power of water-draining and damp-drying. Huanglian (Coptidis Rhizoma) and Shengdi (Rehmanniae Radix) assist Huangbai (Phellodendri Cortex), greatly aiding the rescue of Metal to generate Water. When Middle Qi is augmented, Yin Fire extinguishes and Lung clears. When damp-heat is removed, Dry Metal becomes肃 (solemn/clear) and Water generates. With clear Lung and generated Water, Wei-Jue disease caused by damp-heat will surely heal. However, the herbs in this formula are biased toward draining and leaching. If applied in Winter/Spring to cases of fluid exhaustion, marrow depletion, bone flaccidity, or non-damp-heat diseases, it will instead deplete fluids and worsen the condition, constituting erroneous treatment.
Baizhu Fuzi Tang (Atractylodes and Prepared Aconite Decoction): Treats Cold Center with abdominal fullness, production of saliva and clear nasal discharge; or polyuria and foot pain, inability to bear weight standing, bone weakness and lack of strength, preference for sleep, cold testicles, occasional dull pain, hallucinations of ghosts, dreaming of deceased persons, pain in lower back, eyelids, and spine.
Baizhu (Atractylodis Rhizoma), Fuzi (Prepared Aconiti Lateralis Radix) (roasted, peel and navel removed), Cangzhu (Atractylodis Rhizoma), Chenpi (Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium), Houpo (Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex) (processed with ginger juice), Banxia (Pinelliae Rhizoma) (washed in boiling water), Fuling (Poria), Zhuling (Polyporus) (peeled, half liang), Zexie (Alismatis Rhizoma), Rougui (Cinnamomi Cortex, 4 qian).
Chop to hemp seed size. Each dose 0.5 liang, decoct with three cups of water and three slices of ginger until one cup remains, remove dregs, and take warm before meals. Adjust dosage according to deficiency or excess.
[Note] Li Guo said: Spleen-Stomach diseases include Re Center and Cold Center. Re Center is Fire attacking Earth; treat by raising clear Yang above and draining Yin Fire below, using Buzhong Yiqi Tang and Xie Yinhuo Shengyang Tang. Cold Center is Water insulting Earth; treat by draining Water below and drying Spleen dampness in the middle, using Zhuling (Polyporus), Fuling (Poria), Baizhu (Atractylodis Rhizoma), Zexie (Alismatis Rhizoma), Cangzhu (Atractylodis Rhizoma), Chenpi (Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium), Houpo (Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex), and Fuzi (Prepared Aconiti Lateralis Radix), plus Rougui (Cinnamomi Cortex) and Fuzi (Prepared Aconiti Lateralis Radix) to strengthen Yang and overcome Cold, unblocking blood vessels. Cold Center disease will heal.
[Commentary] Li Gao formulated this for Spleen-Stomach Cold-Dampness accumulation with fullness, polyuria, excessive saliva/nasal discharge, soft legs, and back/testicular pain, in patients without Qi deficiency. For patients with already deficient Middle Qi, severe internal/external Cold-Dampness, and Water insulting Earth, Lizhong Tang plus Fuzi (Prepared Aconiti Lateralis Radix), Cangzhu (Atractylodis Rhizoma), and Fuling (Poria) is superior.
Ge Hua Jie Xing Tang (Kudzu Flower Detoxification Decoction): Treats alcohol-induced illness.
Lianhua Qingpi (Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium Viride from Lotus flower, pulp removed, 3 fen), Muxiang (Aucklandiae Radix, 5 fen), Jupi (Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium) (white pith removed), Fuling (Poria), Renshen (Ginseng Radix), Zhuling (Polyporus) (each 1.5 qian), Shenqu (Medicated Leaven) (fried), Zexie (Alismatis Rhizoma), Ganjiang (Zingiberis Rhizoma), Baizhu (Atractylodis Rhizoma) (each 2 qian), Baidoukou Ren (Amomi Fructus Rotundus Seed), Ge Hua (Puerariae Flos), Sharen (Amomi Fructus) (each 5 qian).
Grind to fine powder, mix well. Each dose 3 qian, taken with plain boiled water.
A slight sweat indicates the alcohol illness has resolved. Do not rely on this to drink excessively or frequently induce sweating, as it damages lifespan.
[Note] Wine is transformed from grain and water essences; it is damp in nature and hot in property. Moderate drinking harmonizes Qi and Blood, flows Yin and Yang, assists Middle Qi internally, and defends against external pathogens. Excessive drinking injures Spleen-Stomach lightly, or damages Spirit heavily. Drunk individuals experience dizziness, vexation, dry vomiting, nausea, immediate vomiting after eating, body soreness, body heat, headache, acid regurgitation, chest oppression, dry mouth/tongue, trembling hands/feet, mental confusion, loss of appetite, turbid urine, and loose stools. These are all injuries to Form and Qi by damp-heat.
[Commentary] Li Gao said: Alcohol illness is often treated with strong heat or strong cold purgatives. This injures无形 (formless) Yuan Qi while having no effect on有形 (formed) Yin Blood, a grave error. Strong heat injures Yin; strong cold injures Stomach. Yuan Qi perishes, Seven Spirits lose their anchor, shortening life, or leading to consumptive disease. Thus, this formula uses Ge Hua (Puerariae Flos) as sovereign, assisted by acrid-aromatic herbs; Shenqu (Medicated Leaven) to promote Qi movement; Fuling (Poria) and Zexie (Alismatis Rhizoma) with sweet-warm herbs. Inducing sweat after administration resolves the exterior muscles and clears Yangming internally, distributing the pathogen上下内外 (up-down, inside-outside), transforming gastric filth into fragrance and turbidity into clarity, achieving harmony.
Pingwei San (Level the Stomach Powder): Treats internal dampness excess where Spleen-Stomach cannot control it, with fluid retention, epigastric fullness/stuffiness, and central fullness.
Cangzhu (Atractylodis Rhizoma) (soaked in rice water for seven days, 5 jin), Chenpi (Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium) (white pith removed), Houpo (Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex) (fried with ginger juice, each 3 jin), Zhigancao (Prepared Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, 30 liang).
Grind to powder. Each dose 2 qian, taken with ginger soup, three times daily. Or decoct in water, each dose 5 qian.
[Collected Notes] Ke Qin said: The Neijing states that excessive Earth movement is called Dunfu (High and Firm), causing abdominal fullness; deficient Earth movement is called Beijian (Low and Supervising), causing lingering fullness and stuffiness. Zhang Zhongjing formulated the Three Chengqi Decoctions to adjust Dunfu Stomach Earth. Li Gao formulated Pingwei San to level Beijian Stomach Earth. Nourishing the low to make it level does not mean flattening it. Just as Wendan Tang uses cooling agents to gently harmonize, not literally "warm." Later commentators on Bencao said: Dunfu Earth should be leveled with Cangzhu (Atractylodis Rhizoma); Beijian Earth should be nourished with Baizhu (Atractylodis Rhizoma). If wet Earth is considered Dunfu, is dry Earth considered Beijian? Not understanding that Dunfu belongs to dryness and Beijian belongs to dampness leads to ignorance of the principle of Pingwei. Both Zhu herbs are bitter-sweet and dry dampness/strengthen Spleen. Dry Spleen does not stagnate, enabling healthy transportation and balance. Baizhu (Atractylodis Rhizoma) is soft and slow; Cangzhu (Atractylodis Rhizoma) is fierce and vigorous. Here, Cangzhu (Atractylodis Rhizoma) is chosen for its ability to induce sweat and rapidly drain dampness, making it sovereign. Do not拘泥 (adhere rigidly) to the saying "White tonifies, Red drains" regarding the two Zhu herbs. Houpo (Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex) is red, bitter, and warm, assisting mild fire to generate Qi, serving as assistant. Dampness arises from Qi stagnation; moving Qi cures it, so Chenpi (Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium) is added. Sweet enters Spleen first; Spleen benefits and transports well, so Zhigancao (Prepared Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma) serves as envoy. Named Pingwei (Level Stomach), it is actually a formula regulating Spleen like Chengqi, unlike Zhang Jieguy's Zhiji Zhu Wan (from Jingui), where Zhishi (Immature Bitter Orange) is harsher than Houpo (Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex) and lacks Gancao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma) to harmonize. Even with doubled Baizhu (Atractylodis Rhizoma), its draining action exceeds this formula. Ignorant people treat Zhu as purely tonifying and take it long-term, ignoring that Zhishi (Immature Bitter Orange) is harsh and unsuitable for prolonged use.
Zhizhu Wan (Immature Bitter Orange and Atractylodes Pill): Treats Stomach deficiency with damp-heat, food stagnation, and epigastric stuffiness.
Baizhu (Atractylodis Rhizoma) (steamed in earth, 2 liang), Zhishi (Immature Bitter Orange) (bran-fried, 1 liang).
Grind to fine powder, make pills with lotus leaf-roasted old rice paste, size of pepper seeds, taken with plain water.
[Collected Notes] Li Gao said: Baizhu (Atractylodis Rhizoma) is bitter-sweet-warm; its bitterness drains Stomach damp-heat, its sweetness-warmth tonifies Spleen Yuan Qi. Used twice the amount of Zhishi (Immature Bitter Orange). Zhishi (Immature Bitter Orange) is bitter-warm, draining epigastric stuffiness and digesting Stomach injury. Food injury in the Stomach cannot be removed immediately; it takes one to two hours to digest. Tonifying deficiency first, then resolving injury, prevents harshness. Lotus leaves resemble an inverted bowl, corresponding to the Zhen trigram, representing Shaoyang Gallbladder Qi. When food enters the Stomach, Ying Qi ascends; this is that Qi. Using it generates Stomach Qi. Combined with roasted rice and medicine, it cooperates with Baizhu (Atractylodis Rhizoma) to nourish Grain Qi and tonify Spleen-Stomach, offering great benefit. Using harsh purgatives leads to countless complications.
Zisheng Wan (Nourishing Life Pill): Treats women in the third month of pregnancy with Spleen deficiency vomiting or unstable fetus. Also for men to regulate Middle and nourish Stomach, balancing hunger and satiety, effects are miraculous.
Renshen (Ginseng Radix, 3 liang), Fuling (Poria, 2 liang), Yunzhu (Atractylodis Rhizoma, 2 liang), Shanyao (Dioscoreae Rhizoma, 2 liang), Yiyiren (Coicis Semen, 1.5 liang), Lianrou (Nelumbinis Semen, 2 liang), Qianshi (Euryales Semen, 1.5 liang), Gancao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, 1 liang), Chenpi (Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium, 2 liang), Maiya (Hordei Fructus Germinatus, 2 liang), Shenqu (Medicated Leaven, 2 liang), Baidoukou (Amomi Fructus Rotundus)