小儿伤寒夹惊食，
治与大人无异，所异者，夹食、夹惊而已。杂病亦然。
阴阳表里大科同；伤寒左额青纹现，肢冷无汗惨颜容；
钱氏云∶男子面黄体重、女子面赤喘急，其呵欠烦闷，手背热，人迎脉盛则一也。
若手足温又有汗，面光发热是伤风；
亦左额青纹，与人迎脉盛。
夹食肚热兼呕逆，右额角青似小葱；
右额角青筋，发热，头额肚腹热甚，或兼呕肚腹痛者，伤食也。如伤寒夹食者，人参羌活散加青皮、紫
苏，或藿香正气散合败毒散，便闭加大黄。如内伤生冷，外感风寒，寒热如疟，恶心少食者，人参养胃汤。
夹惊手掌心有汗，青纹先见额当中。
额正中青纹，面色青红，手掌心有汗，时作惊惕，夜睡不安，手络脉微动，发热者，惊热也，脱甲散、红
绵散、或人参羌活散，加僵蚕、蝉蜕、南星、全蝎、白附子、麻黄。便闭加大黄煎，调朱砂安神丸，或温惊丸。
惊轻者，先发表而后安心神可也。
伤寒表初喜隈暖，
伤寒恶寒，初起未发热时，喜隈人藏身密衣被；若发热者，昼夜不止，俱宜量体汗之。大概太阳证见，羌
活冲和汤；阳明证见，葛根解肌汤；少阳证见，小柴胡汤。
里热掀衣便不通；
入里内热者，必扬手掷足，口中气粗，壮热作渴，大便不通，方敢与调胃承气汤，或大柴胡汤微下之。
大概太阴证见，羌活冲和汤加枳实、浓朴；少阴证见，羌活冲和汤加桔梗、知、柏；厥阴证见，羌活冲和汤加
川芎、柴胡。有表复有里，及惊风证见，双解散加羌活、天麻、姜蚕、白附子、蝉蜕。
额冷肢厥面色惨，泻青阴病里虚空。
理中汤、甘草干姜汤；甚者，四逆汤。
汗吐下温俱从缓，免动惊痰与蛔虫。
伤寒温补太过，以致生痰，变作惊风者有之；或汗下凉药太过，以致胃寒，变成慢惊及蛔虫上攻者有之，
危哉！
伤风鼻塞气促乱，身热咳嗽忌大汗；
初起仍喜隈人引衣，恶风故也。凡伤风治与伤寒亦同，但伤风有汗，只宜解肌。身热咳嗽，声重气促，体
弱者，惺惺散；咳热盛者，参苏饮；发热盛者，人参羌活散、天麻防风丸；壮热者，升麻葛根汤。此伤风表药，
不可误用麻黄。
入里能食渴且烦，便闭大黄方可灌；
入里与伤寒亦同，但伤风能食为异。如烦渴，二便赤黄者，四顺清凉饮合小柴胡汤；二便闭者，大柴胡汤；
风热内实者，大黄丸。风与滞血留蓄上焦，胸膈高起，大便不通者，没药散∶没药、大黄、枳壳、桔梗各二分，
木香、甘草各一分，姜煎服。
兼脾肢冷吐泻攻，益黄补后大青散。
风主肝，兼脾则必四肢清冷，吐泻不思乳食，不渴者，当先以益黄散或理中汤补脾，后以大青膏发散；如
身热能食作渴者，当先以大青膏或钩藤散发散，后以益黄散补脾。如作喘胀者，兼用塌气丸；虚渴者，兼用钱氏
白术散。
肺喘心惊肾畏明，各脏见证根据此断；
兼肺则喘息，兼心则惊悸，兼肾则畏明，各随补母脏药选用。
寻常感冒必从轻，暑湿大科尤可玩。
《怀幼书》云∶双解散能治风寒暑湿劳倦，然贵加减得宜耳。
小儿患伤寒兼夹惊风或食积，治疗方法与成人没有不同，所不同的只是是否兼夹食积、惊风罢了。杂病也是如此。
阴阳表里的辨证大纲是相同的；但小儿伤寒可见左侧额部青筋显现，四肢发冷，无汗，面色惨淡。
钱乙说：男子面色黄、身体沉重，女子面色红、气喘急促，伴有呵欠、烦躁闷乱，手背发热，人迎脉盛大，这些症状表现是一致的。
如果手足温暖且有汗，面部光亮发热，这是伤风；同样可见左侧额部青筋显现，人迎脉盛大。
兼夹食积者，腹部发热并伴有呕吐逆气，右侧额角青筋显现似小葱色；右侧额角青筋显现，发热，头额及肚腹热势严重，或者兼有呕吐、肚腹痛的，是伤食。如伤寒兼夹食积的，用人参羌活散加青皮、紫苏，或者藿香正气散合败毒散，大便闭结加大黄。如内伤生冷，外感风寒，寒热往来如疟疾，恶心少食的，用人参养胃汤。
额头正中青色纹路，面色青红，手掌心有汗，时常出现惊惕，夜间睡眠不安，手部络脉微动，发热的，是惊热，用脱甲散、红绵散，或者人参羌活散，加僵蚕、蝉蜕、天南星、全蝎、白附子、麻黄。大便闭结加大黄煎服，调服朱砂安神丸，或者温惊丸。惊风轻症的，先解表后安心神即可。
伤寒初起时喜欢依偎在温暖处，
伤寒恶寒，初起尚未发热时，喜欢依偎在人身边，藏身于密实的衣被中；若已发热，则昼夜不止，都应当根据体质给予发汗治疗。大概太阳证见，用羌活冲和汤；阳明证见，用葛根解肌汤；少阳证见，用小柴胡汤。
邪入里化热者，必定扬手掷足，口中气息粗重，壮热口渴，大便不通，才敢给予调胃承气汤，或者大柴胡汤轻微攻下。
大概太阴证见，羌活冲和汤加枳实、厚朴；少阴证见，羌活冲和汤加桔梗、知母、黄柏；厥阴证见，羌活冲和汤加川芎、柴胡。既有表证又有里证，以及惊风证见，用双解散加羌活、天麻、姜蚕、白附子、蝉蜕。
汗法、吐法、下法、温法都要从缓，以免触动惊痰和蛔虫。
伤寒温补太过，以致生痰，变作惊风的有之；或者汗下凉药太过，以致胃寒，变成慢惊及蛔虫上攻的有之，危险啊！
初起仍然喜欢依偎人拉紧衣被，是因为恶风。凡是伤风治疗与伤寒也相同，但伤风有汗，只宜解肌。身体发热咳嗽，声音重浊气促，体质弱的，用惺惺散；咳嗽热盛的，用参苏饮；发热盛的，用人参羌活散、天麻防风丸；壮热的，用升麻葛根汤。这些都是伤风的解表药，不可误用麻黄。
邪入里与伤寒也相同，但伤风能进食是不同之处。如烦渴，大小便赤黄的，用四顺清凉饮合小柴胡汤；二便闭结的，用大柴胡汤；风热内实者，用大黄丸。风与瘀血留蓄上焦，胸膈高起，大便不通的，用没药散：没药、大黄、枳壳、桔梗各二分，木香、甘草各一分，生姜煎服。
风邪主肝，兼犯脾则必然四肢清冷，呕吐腹泻不思乳食，不口渴的，应当先用益黄散或理中汤补脾，后以大青膏发散；如身体热能进食作渴的，应当先以大青膏或钩藤散发散，后以益黄散补脾。如出现喘胀的，兼用塌气丸；虚渴的，兼用钱氏白术散。
Pediatric cold damage (Shanghan) complicated by fright (Jing) or food retention (Shi) is treated in the same manner as in adults; the only differences lie in the complications of food retention and fright. The same applies to miscellaneous diseases.
The general principles of Yin-Yang, exterior-interior differentiation are identical; however, in pediatric cold damage, bluish veins may appear on the left side of the forehead, accompanied by cold limbs, absence of sweating, and a pale/dismal complexion.
Qian Yi (Qianshi) stated: In males, a yellowish face with heavy body sensation; in females, a reddish face with rapid breathing, accompanied by yawning, restlessness, heat in the back of the hands, and a full Renying pulse (Renying acupoint pulse), these manifestations are consistent.
If the hands and feet are warm with sweating, and the face is bright with fever, this indicates wind injury (Shangfeng);
This also presents with bluish veins on the left forehead and a full Renying pulse.
Cases complicated by food retention feature abdominal heat and vomiting/regurgitation, with bluish veins appearing at the right corner of the forehead resembling the color of small green onions;
Bluish veins at the right forehead corner, fever, severe heat in the head, forehead, abdomen, and stomach, or accompanied by vomiting and abdominal pain, indicate food injury. If cold damage is complicated by food retention, use Renshen Qianghuo San (Ginseng and Notopterygium Decoction) with Qingpi (Green Tangerine Peel) and Zisu (Perilla Leaf), or Huoxiang Zhengqi San combined with Baidu San. For constipation, add Dahuang (Rhubarb). If there is internal injury from raw/cold foods and external contraction of wind-cold, presenting with alternating chills and fever like malaria, nausea, and poor appetite, use Renshen Yangwei Tang (Ginseng Stomach-Nourishing Decoction).
Cases complicated by fright present with sweating on the palms, with bluish veins first appearing in the center of the forehead.
Bluish veins in the center of the forehead, a cyan-red complexion, sweating on the palm centers, frequent startles, restless sleep at night, slight twitching of hand collaterals, and fever indicate fright-heat. Use Tuojia San, Hongmian San, or Renshen Qianghuo San added with Jiangcan (Bombyx Batryticatus), Chantui (Cicada Slough), Tiannanxing (Arisaema Rhizome), Quanxie (Scorpion), Baifuzi (Typhonii Rhizoma), and Mahuang (Ephedra). For constipation, add Dahuang (Rhubarb) for decoction, and administer Zhusha Anshen Wan (Cinnabar Calming the Spirit Pill) or Wenjing Wan (Warming Fright Pill). For mild fright, resolving the exterior followed by calming the spirit is sufficient.
In early-stage cold damage, the patient prefers warmth;
Cold damage involves aversion to cold; in the initial stage before fever arises, the patient prefers to snuggle close to others and hide under thick clothing/bedding. If fever has arisen, persisting day and night, treatment should involve inducing sweating according to the patient's constitution. Generally, if Taiyang syndrome appears, use Qianghuo Chonghe Tang (Notopterygium Harmonizing Decoction); if Yangming syndrome appears, use Gegen Jieji Tang (Pueraria Muscle-Releasing Decoction); if Shaoyang syndrome appears, use Xiaochaihu Tang (Minor Bupleurum Decoction).
Interior heat causing the patient to throw off clothes, with constipation;
When pathogen enters the interior generating heat, the patient will toss hands and feet, breathe roughly, suffer high fever and thirst, and have constipation. Only then should Tiaowei Chengqi Tang (Regulating the Stomach and Directing Downward Decoction) or Dachaihu Tang (Major Bupleurum Decoction) be used for mild purgation.
Generally, if Taiyin syndrome appears, add Zhishi (Immature Bitter Orange) and Houpo (Magnolia Bark) to Qianghuo Chonghe Tang; if Shaoyin syndrome appears, add Jiegeng (Platycodon Root), Zhimu (Anemarrhena Rhizome), and Huangbai (Phellodendron Bark) to Qianghuo Chonghe Tang; if Jueyin syndrome appears, add Chuanxiong (Ligusticum Rhizome) and Chaihu (Bupleurum Root) to Qianghuo Chonghe Tang. For cases with both exterior and interior symptoms, or when fright-wind syndrome appears, use Shuangjie San (Double Resolution Powder) added with Qianghuo (Notopterygium Rhizome), Tianma (Gastrodia Rhizome), Jiangcan (Bombyx Batryticatus), Baifuzi (Typhonii Rhizoma), and Chantui (Cicada Slough).
Cold forehead, inverted limbs, dismal complexion; Xieqing San indicates Yin disease with empty interior.
Use Lizhong Tang (Center-Supporting Decoction) or Gancao Ganjiang Tang (Licorice and Dried Ginger Decoction); for severe cases, use Sini Tang (Recovery from Reversal Decoction).
Sweating, emetic, purgative, and warming methods must be applied cautiously to avoid triggering fright, phlegm, or ascendant Ascaris.
Excessive warming and tonification in cold damage can generate phlegm and transform into fright-wind; excessive sweating, purging, or cooling medicines can cause stomach cold, transforming into slow fright-wind or causing Ascaris to attack upward. This is dangerous!
Wind injury causes nasal congestion, rapid/disordered breathing, body fever, and cough; large sweating is contraindicated.
Initially, the patient still prefers to snuggle and pull up clothes due to aversion to wind. Treatment for wind injury is similar to cold damage, but since wind injury presents with sweating, only muscle-releasing methods are suitable. For body fever, cough, hoarse voice, rapid breathing, and weak constitution, use Xingxing San (Wonderful Powder); for severe cough and heat, use Renshen Su Yin Tang (Ginseng and Periploca Drink); for severe fever, use Renshen Qianghuo San or Tianma Fangfeng Wan (Gastrodia and Saposhnikovia Pill); for intense fever, use Shengma Gegen Tang (Ephedra and Pueraria Decoction). These are exterior-resolving formulas for wind injury; Mahuang (Ephedra) must not be mistakenly used.
Pathogen entering the interior allows eating, accompanied by thirst and irritability; constipation requires Dahuang (Rhubarb).
Interior involvement is similar to cold damage, but the ability to eat distinguishes wind injury. For irritability and thirst with red/yellow urine and stool, use Sishun Qingliang Yin (Four-Obedience Cooling Clearing Drink) combined with Xiaochaihu Tang; for urinary and fecal obstruction, use Dachaihu Tang; for interior excess due to wind-heat, use Dahuang Wan (Rhubarb Pill). For wind and stagnant blood accumulating in the upper jiao, with raised chest/diaphragm and constipation, use Moyao San (Myrrh Powder): Moyao (Myrrha), Dahuang (Rhubarb), Zhike (Bitter Orange), Jiegeng (Platycodon Root) each 2 fen; Muxiang (Aucklandiae Radix), Gancao (Licorice Root) each 1 fen, decocted with ginger.
Spleen involvement causes cold limbs, vomiting, diarrhea, and attacking sensations; Yihuang San tonifies spleen, followed by Daqing San.
Wind governs the Liver; involvement of the Spleen causes cold limbs, vomiting, diarrhea, anorexia, and no thirst. First tonify the Spleen with Yihuang San or Lizhong Tang, then resolve with Daqing Gao (Great Cyan Paste). If there is fever, ability to eat, and thirst, first resolve with Daqing Gao or Gouteng San (Uncaria Powder), then tonify the Spleen with Yihuang San. For wheezing and distension, add Taqi Wan (Collapsing Qi Pill); for deficiency-thirst, add Qianshi Baizhu San (Child's Atractylodes Macrocephala Powder).
Lung involvement causes wheezing, Heart involvement causes palpitations/fright, Kidney involvement causes photophobia; diagnoses are made based on these organ manifestations.
For Lung involvement, wheezing occurs; for Heart, fright/palpitations; for Kidney, photophobia. Select medications to tonify the mother organ accordingly.
Common colds must be treated lightly; the principles for summerheat-dampness deserve careful study.
Huaiyou Shu states that Shuangjie San can treat wind-cold, summerheat, dampness, and fatigue, but success depends on appropriate modifications.