妇人有子,其脉阴搏阳别。寸为阳,尺为阴,尺阴之脉搏指而动,寸阳之脉则不搏指,迥然分别,此为有
子之诊。或手少阴心脉独动而甚者主有子。盖心主血,血主胎,故胎结而动甚。滑而且数,按之而散,三月之
胎也。按之不散,五月之胎也。五六月后,孕妇之乳房有核,吮之有乳者,则主有子。左为阳,左疾为男胎;
右为阴,右疾为女胎。男胎腹形状如釜,女胎腹形状如箕。如欲产,必见离经之脉。离经者,离乎经常之则
也。盖胎动于中,脉乱于外,势所必然。如产后气血两虚,
见小缓之虚脉为吉,若实大弦牢定主凶矣。
心绝之脉,前曲后居,如掺带钩。前曲者,谓轻取则坚强而不柔,后居者谓重取则牢实而不动,如持革带
之钩,全失中和之气。钩即洪脉也,但钩无胃,故曰心死。又如转豆,即经所谓如循薏苡子,累累然,状其
短实坚强,真脏脉也,主一日死。
肝绝之脉,急如循刃。又劲如新张弓弦,主八日死。
脾绝之脉,如雀啄。又如屋漏。旧诀曰∶雀啄连来四五啄,屋漏少刻一点落。又若杯覆,又若水流,主四日
死。
肺绝之脉,如风吹毛,又如以毛羽中人肤,皆言其但浮而无胃气也,主三日死。
肾绝之脉,来如夺索,辟辟如弹石,石即沉脉也。旧诀云∶弹石硬来寻即散,搭指散乱如解索。主四日死。
命绝之脉,如鱼翔虾游。旧诀云∶鱼翔似有又似无,虾游静中忽一跃。又如涌泉,莫可挽留,皆死脉也。
妇女怀孕时,其脉象表现为阴搏阳别。寸口属阳,尺部属阴,尺部阴脉搏动有力且指下明显,而寸口阳脉则不显搏指之象,两者截然不同、界限分明,这是诊断怀孕的依据。也有说法认为,手少阴心经的脉象单独跳动且显著者,主怀孕。因为心主血,血滋养胎元,所以胎元结成后脉动会特别剧烈。脉象滑利且快速,重按之下感觉散漫的,是怀孕三个月的特征;重按时不散漫的,是怀孕五个月的特征。怀孕五至六个月后,孕妇乳房出现硬结,挤压时有乳汁流出,这也是怀孕的征象。左手脉象属阳,左脉疾数者多为男胎;右手脉象属阴,右脉疾数者多为女胎。怀男胎者腹部形状像锅(圆隆),怀女胎者腹部形状像簸箕(扁平)。如果即将分娩,必然会出现离经之脉。所谓离经,是指脉象脱离了正常的规律。这是因为胎气在体内变动,导致脉象在体外紊乱,这是必然的趋势。产后气血两虚,若见到细小缓和的虚脉为吉兆;若见到实大、弦紧或牢实的脉象,则必定主凶险。
心气绝断的脉象,轻取时坚硬而不柔和,重取时牢固不动,如同手持革带上的钩子。轻取坚强不柔称为“前曲”,重取牢实不动称为“后居”,就像拿着皮带的钩子一样,完全失去了中和之气。“钩”即洪脉,但只有钩象而没有胃气,所以称为心死。又有一种脉象如转动豆子,即经典中所说的像触摸薏苡仁那样,短促、坚实、强劲,这是真脏脉,主一天内死亡。
肝气绝断的脉象,急促锋利如同抚摸刀刃。或者强劲如同刚拉开的新弓弦,主八天内死亡。
脾气绝断的脉象,如同鸟儿啄食。又像屋顶漏水。旧口诀说:“雀啄脉接连而来四五次,屋漏脉许久才落下一点。”又像倒扣的杯子,又像流水,主四天内死亡。
肺气绝断的脉象,如同风吹羽毛,又像羽毛轻触人的皮肤,这都是形容脉象浮取而无胃气的表现,主三天内死亡。
肾气绝断的脉象,来势如同争夺绳索,坚硬急促如同弹击石头,“石”即沉脉。旧口诀说:“弹石脉硬来随即消散,搭指感觉散乱如同解开的绳索。”主四天内死亡。
命气绝断的脉象,如同鱼游水或虾跳跃。旧口诀说:“鱼翔脉似有似无,虾游脉在静止中忽然一跃。”又像涌出的泉水,无法挽留,这些都是死脉。
When a woman is pregnant, her pulse presents as "Yin Bo Yang Bie" (distinct difference between Yin and Yin pulses). The Cun position belongs to Yang, and the Chi position belongs to Yin. The Yin pulse at the Chi position beats forcefully and is distinct under the fingers, whereas the Yang pulse at the Cun position does not beat forcefully against the fingers; they are clearly distinct from each other, which serves as a diagnosis for pregnancy. Alternatively, it is said that if the pulse of the Hand-Shaoyin Heart meridian alone moves distinctly and strongly, it indicates pregnancy. This is because the Heart governs Blood, and Blood nourishes the fetus; thus, when the fetus forms, the pulse movement becomes pronounced. A pulse that is slippery and rapid, feeling scattered when pressed deeply, indicates a three-month pregnancy. If the pulse does not feel scattered when pressed deeply, it indicates a five-month pregnancy. After five or six months of pregnancy, if the pregnant woman's breasts have nodules and produce milk when squeezed, this also indicates pregnancy. The left side represents Yang; a rapid pulse on the left suggests a male fetus. The right side represents Yin; a rapid pulse on the right suggests a female fetus. In a male pregnancy, the abdominal shape is like a cauldron (round and protruding); in a female pregnancy, the abdominal shape is like a winnowing basket (flat). When delivery is imminent, the pulse will inevitably present as "Li Jing Mai" (Pulse Departing from the Regular Course). "Departing from the regular course" means deviating from normal pulse patterns. Since fetal movement occurs internally, the pulse becomes chaotic externally, which is an inevitable trend. After childbirth, when both Qi and Blood are deficient, a small, slow, and deficient pulse is auspicious. However, if a full, large, wiry, or firm pulse appears, it definitely indicates a ominous prognosis.
The pulse of Heart Qi exhaustion presents as "Qian Qu Hou Ju" (curved front and stationary back), resembling holding a hook on a leather belt. "Qian Qu" refers to the pulse being hard and unyielding upon light pressure, while "Hou Ju" refers to it being solid and immobile upon heavy pressure, similar to holding the hook of a leather belt, completely losing the Qi of harmony. "Gou" (Hook) is synonymous with the Hong (Surging) pulse, but without Stomach Qi, hence it is called "Heart Death." Another type resembles rolling beans, described in classics as feeling like touching Coicis Semen (Job's tears), appearing short, solid, and hard; this is a True Zang Pulse, indicating death within one day.
The pulse of Liver Qi exhaustion is urgent and sharp, like running a finger along a blade. Or it is taut like a newly strung bowstring, indicating death within eight days.
The pulse of Spleen Qi exhaustion resembles the pecking of a sparrow. It also resembles water leaking from a roof. An old rhyme states: "Sparrow pecking comes rapidly four or five times; roof leak falls only once after a long interval." It may also resemble an overturned cup or flowing water, indicating death within four days.
The pulse of Lung Qi exhaustion resembles feathers blown by the wind, or feathers lightly touching human skin. These descriptions indicate a floating pulse devoid of Stomach Qi, indicating death within three days.
The pulse of Kidney Qi exhaustion arrives like a rope being pulled apart, hard and rapid like stones being struck. "Shi" (Stone) refers to the Chen (Deep) pulse. An old rhyme states: "Striking stone is hard then quickly scatters; touching the finger feels chaotic like a loosened rope." It indicates death within four days.
The pulse of Life Qi exhaustion resembles a fish swimming or a shrimp jumping. An old rhyme states: "Fish swimming seems to be there yet not; shrimp jumping suddenly leaps amidst stillness." It also resembles a gushing spring that cannot be retained; these are all pulses of death.