脐腹痛，泻足少阴之水。脊间心后者，针中渚而立痊；胁下肋边者，刺阳陵而即止。头项痛，拟后溪以安然；
腰脚疼，在委中而已矣。夫用针之士于此理苟明者焉，收祛邪之功，而在乎捻指。
〔海〕两胁痛，少阳丘墟。心痛，少阴太溪、涌泉，足厥阴原穴。腰痛，昆仑及委中出血。喘满痰实，口
中如胶，足少阴太溪。呕哕无痰，手厥阴大陵。热无度不可止，陷谷出血。骨节疼痛，实无所知，三棱刺绝骨
出血。小肠疝气，足厥阴太冲。血衄不止，大小便血，妇人血不足，刺足太阴井。喉闭，手足少阳井并少商，
手足太阴井。大烦热不止，昼夜无度，刺十指间出血，谓八关大刺。阴头中痛不可忍，卒疝痛，妇人阴中痛，
俱刺足厥阴井。眼大 痛，刺手太阳井。小 痛，刺少阴井。骨热不可治者，板齿干燥，灸骨会大维。
接经（手足经同）经曰∶留瘦不移，节而刺之，使十二经无过绝。假令十二经中是何经络不通行，当刺不通凝
滞，俱令气过节，无问其数，以平为期。如诸经俱虚，补十二经。如诸经俱实，泻十二经。补当随而济之，泻
当迎而夺之。（又补母亦各随而济之，泻子亦名迎而夺之，又随呼吸出纳，亦名迎随也。）
（上大接经，从阳引阴，从阴引阳，皆取十二经井穴。并见中风门针灸条。）
脉之所居，深不见者，刺之微，内针而久留之，以致其脉气也。脉浅者勿刺，接绝其脉乃刺之，无令精出，
独出其邪气耳。
病痛者阴也，痛而以手按之不得者阴也，深刺之。痒者阳也，浅刺之。病在上者阳也，在下者阴也。病先
起于阴者，先治其阴而后治其阳。病先起于阳者，先治其阳而后治其阴。春气在毛，夏气在皮，秋气在分肉，
冬气在筋骨，此病各以其时为齐，故刺肥人者秋冬之齐，瘦人者春夏之齐。
〔《难》〕言春夏刺浅，秋冬刺深者，何谓也？然，春夏者，阳气在上，人气亦在上，故当浅取之。秋冬者，
阳气在下，人气亦在下，故当深取之。春夏各致一阴，秋冬各致一阳者，何谓也？然，春夏温必致一阴者，初
下针，沉之至肾肝之部，得气引持之阴也。秋冬寒必致一阳者，初内针，浅而浮之，至心肺之部，得气推内之
阳也。是谓春夏必致一阴，秋冬必致一阳。（七十难）
〔垣〕夫阴病在阳者，是天外风寒之邪，乘中而外入，在人之背上腑俞脏俞，是人之受天外寒邪，亦有二
说。中于阳则流于经，此病始于外寒，终归外热，故以治风寒之邪，治其各脏之俞，非止风寒而已。六淫湿暑
燥火，皆五脏所受，乃筋骨血脉受邪，各有背上五脏俞以除之。伤寒说从仲景，中八风者有风论，中暑者治在
背上小肠 ，中湿者治在胃 ，中燥者治在大肠 ，此皆六淫客邪有余之病，皆泻其背之腑 。若病久传变，
有虚有实，各随病之传变，补泻不足，只治在背府 。阳病在阴者，病从阴引阳，是水谷之寒热，感则害人六
腑。又曰∶饮食失节及劳役所伤，阴火乘于坤土之中，致谷气荣气清气胃气元气不得上升，滋于六腑之阳气。
是五阳之气先绝于外，外者天也，下流伏于坤土阴火之中，皆先由喜怒悲忧恐为五贼所伤，而后胃气不行，劳
役饮食不节继之，则元气乃伤，当从胃 合三里穴中推而扬之，以伸元气。故曰∶从阴引阳。若元气愈不足，
治在腹上诸府之募穴。若传在五脏，为九窍不通，随各窍之病，治其各脏之募穴于腹。故曰∶五脏不平，乃六
腑元气闭塞之所生也。又曰∶五脏不和，九窍不通，皆伤气不足，阴气有余。故曰∶阳不胜其阴。凡治腹之募，
皆为元气不足，从阴引阳，勿误也。若错补四末之俞，错泻四末之俞，皆非也。错泻者，差尤甚矣。按岐伯所
说，只取穴于天上。天上者，人之背上，五脏六腑之俞，不当泻而泻，岂有生者乎。兴言及此，寒心彻骨。若
六淫客邪及上热下寒，筋骨皮肉血脉之病，苟错取穴于胃之合，及诸腹之募者必危，亦岐伯之谓下工，可不慎哉。
脐腹部疼痛，应泻足少阴经的水穴。脊柱中间及心后部位的疼痛，针刺中渚穴即可迅速痊愈；胁下肋边的疼痛，针刺阳陵泉穴即可立即停止。头项部疼痛，取后溪穴治疗则安然无恙；腰部和脚部的疼痛，在委中穴放血即可治愈。凡是使用针法的人，如果明白了这些道理，想要达到祛除邪气的功效，关键在于捻转手指的技巧。
〔海藏〕两胁疼痛，取足少阳胆经的原穴丘墟。心痛，取足少阴肾经的太溪、涌泉穴，以及足厥阴肝经的原穴。腰痛，取昆仑穴及委中穴放血。气喘胸满、痰涎壅实，口中感觉如胶黏状，取足少阴肾经的太溪穴。呕吐呃逆且无痰，取手厥阴心包经的大陵穴。热势亢盛无法制止，取陷谷穴放血。骨节疼痛，实在不知病因所在，用三棱针在绝骨穴放血。小肠疝气，取足厥阴肝经的太冲穴。鼻出血不止，大小便出血，妇女血虚，刺足太阴脾经的井穴。喉痹（咽喉闭塞肿痛），取手足少阳经的井穴以及少商穴，还有手足太阴经的井穴。极度烦躁发热，昼夜不停，刺十指间出血，称为“八关大刺”。阴头部疼痛难以忍受，突发疝痛，妇女阴部疼痛，都刺足厥阴肝经的井穴。眼睛剧烈疼痛，刺手太阳小肠经的井穴。耳朵疼痛，刺足少阴肾经的井穴。骨热无法治愈，伴有牙齿干燥，灸骨会穴（即大椎穴）。
接经（手足经脉相同）《内经》说：形体消瘦且病情固定不移的，要按节气规律针刺，使十二经脉的气血没有断绝的情况。假如十二经脉中哪条经络不通畅，应当针刺不通滞涩的部位，都要使气血经过穴位，不论次数多少，以平衡为准则。如果各条经脉都虚弱，就补益十二经脉。如果各条经脉都实证，就泻除十二经脉。补法应当顺着经气方向而资助它，泻法应当迎着经气方向而夺取其邪气。（另外，补母经也是顺着经气方向资助它，泻子经也叫迎着经气方向夺取，又根据呼吸的进出，也称为迎随。）
（上述大接经法，是从阳引阴，从阴引阳，都选取十二经脉的井穴。并参见中风门针灸条目。）
脉象位置深在看不见的，是针刺的精微之处，进针后要长时间留针，以引导脉气到达。脉象表浅的不要直接刺入，要先阻断其脉气然后再刺入，不要让精气外泄，只排出邪气罢了。
病痛属于阴证，疼痛但用手按压找不到具体痛点的是阴证，要深刺。瘙痒属于阳证，要浅刺。病位在上部的属于阳证，在下部的属于阴证。疾病先从阴分发起的，先治疗阴分而后治疗阳分。疾病先从阳分发起的，先治疗阳分而后治疗阴分。春天气机在皮毛，夏天气机在皮肤，秋天气机在分肉之间，冬天气机在筋骨，这些病症各自根据季节特点来确定针刺深浅，所以针刺肥胖的人采用秋冬的深浅标准，针刺瘦弱的人采用春夏的深浅标准。
〔《难经》〕说春夏针刺浅，秋冬针刺深，这是什么意思呢？回答说：春夏时节，阳气在上，人的气机也偏于上部，所以应当浅取。秋冬时节，阳气在下，人的气机也偏于下部，所以应当深取。春夏各致一阴，秋冬各致一阳，这是什么意思呢？回答说：春夏气候温暖，必须引入一阴气，初下针时，将针下沉至肾肝所在的深层部位，得气后持针引导阴气上来。秋冬气候寒冷，必须引入一阳气，初进针时，将针浅浮至心肺所在的浅层部位，得气后将针推内以引出阳气。这就叫春夏必致一阴，秋冬必致一阳。（出自第七十难）
〔李东垣〕所谓阴病出现在阳分，是指天外的风寒邪气，乘人体之中虚而外入，停留在人的背部腑俞和脏俞，这是人感受天外寒邪的两种说法之一。邪气中于阳分则流入经脉，这种病始于外寒，最终归结为外热，所以治疗风寒邪气，要治疗各脏腑的背俞穴，不仅仅是治疗风寒而已。六淫中的湿、暑、燥、火，都是五脏所受的邪气，乃是筋骨血脉受邪，各有背上的五脏俞穴来清除它们。伤寒学说遵循张仲景的理论，中八风之邪有风论，中暑的治疗在背上的小肠俞，中湿的治疗在胃俞，中燥的治疗在大肠俞，这些都是六淫客邪有余的病证，都通过泻除背部的腑俞来治疗。如果病程长久发生传变，有虚有实，各随病证的传变，补泻不足，只治疗背部的腑俞。阳病出现在阴分，病从阴引阳，是水谷的寒热之气，感受后伤害六腑。又说：饮食失节以及劳役损伤，阴火乘袭坤土（脾胃）之中，导致谷气、荣气、清气、胃气、元气不能上升，滋养六腑的阳气。这是五阳之气先在外部断绝，外部属天，气机下流潜伏在坤土阴火之中，这都是因为喜怒悲忧恐被五贼所伤，然后胃气不行，加上劳役饮食不节制，继而导致元气受伤，应当从胃募穴合三里穴中推扬元气，以伸展元气。所以说：从阴引阳。如果元气更加不足，治疗腹上诸腑的募穴。如果病传在五脏，导致九窍不通，随着各窍的病证，治疗各脏在腹部的募穴。所以说：五脏不平，是由于六腑元气闭塞所产生的。又说：五脏不和，九窍不通，都是因为伤气不足，阴气有余。所以说：阳不胜其阴。凡是治疗腹部的募穴，都是为了元气不足，从阴引阳，不要弄错。如果错误地补四末的俞穴，错误地泻四末的俞穴，都不对。错误地泻更是严重错误。按照岐伯所说的，只取穴于天上。天上者，就是人的背部，五脏六腑的俞穴，如果不该泻而泻了，哪有能活下来的道理。想到这些，令人寒心彻骨。如果是六淫客邪以及上热下寒，筋骨皮肉血脉的病，如果错误地取穴于胃的合穴及诸腹的募穴，必定危险，这也是岐伯所说的下工（低水平的医生），能不谨慎吗？
Abdominal pain at the navel, drain the Water point of Foot-Shaoyin (Kidney Meridian). Pain in the interspinous region and behind the heart, needle Zhongzhu (TE3) for immediate recovery; pain under the ribs and along the costal margin, needle Yanglingquan (GB34) to stop it immediately. Head and neck pain, select Houxi (SI3) for peace; waist and leg pain, treat with Weizhong (BL40). For practitioners using acupuncture, if they understand these principles, the ability to achieve the effect of expelling evil depends on the skill of finger manipulation.
[Hai Zang] Pain in both hypochondriac regions, Qiuxu (GB40), the Yuan-Source point of Foot-Shaoyang (Gallbladder Meridian). Heart pain, Taixi (KI3) and Yongquan (KI1) of Foot-Shaoyin (Kidney Meridian), and the Yuan-Source point of Foot-Jueyin (Liver Meridian). Lower back pain, Kunlun (BL60) and bleeding from Weizhong (BL40). Panting, chest fullness, phlegm-solidity, feeling of glue in the mouth, Taixi (KI3) of Foot-Shaoyin (Kidney Meridian). Vomiting and hiccups without phlegm, Daling (PC7) of Hand-Jueyin (Pericardium Meridian). Uncontrollable high fever, bleeding from Xangu (GB41). Bone and joint pain with unknown cause, use a three-edged needle to bleed Juegu (GB39). Intestinal hernia, Taichong (LR3) of Foot-Jueyin (Liver Meridian). Persistent epistaxis, hematochezia, hematuria, and blood deficiency in women, prick the Jing-Well point of Foot-Taiyin (Spleen Meridian). Throat obstruction (Bi syndrome), Jing-Well points of Hand and Foot Shaoyang (Sanjiao and Gallbladder Meridians), Shaoshang (LU11), and Jing-Well points of Hand and Foot Taiyin (Lung and Spleen Meridians). Extreme restlessness and heat unceasing day and night, bleed between the ten fingers, known as "Ba Guan Da Ci" (Eight Passages Major Pricking). Intractable pain in the glans penis, sudden hernia pain, and pain in the female vagina, all treated by pricking the Jing-Well point of Foot-Jueyin (Liver Meridian). Severe eye pain, prick the Jing-Well point of Hand-Taiyang (Small Intestine Meridian). Ear pain, prick the Jing-Well point of Foot-Shaoyin (Kidney Meridian). Incurable bone heat with dry teeth, moxa the Hui-Meeting point of Bones, Dazhui (GV14).
Connecting Meridians (Hand and Foot meridians are the same): The Classic says: "If emaciation is fixed and unchanging, puncture according to the solar terms, ensuring the Twelve Meridians do not have interruptions." If any meridian among the Twelve Meridians is blocked, one should needle the stagnated areas, ensuring qi passes through the acupoints, regardless of the number of times, until balance is achieved. If all meridians are deficient, tonify the Twelve Meridians. If all meridians are excess, sedate the Twelve Meridians. Tonification follows the direction of qi flow to assist it; sedation opposes the direction of qi flow to deprive it. (Additionally, tonifying the Mother meridian also follows the flow to assist; sedating the Child meridian is called opposing the flow to deprive. Also, based on inhalation and exhalation, this is also called Ying-Sui.)
(The above Great Connecting Meridian method draws Yin from Yang and Yang from Yin, selecting the Jing-Well points of the Twelve Meridians. See also Acupuncture entries in the Stroke section.)
When the pulse is deep and invisible, this is the subtlety of needling: insert the needle and retain it for a long time to guide the pulse qi. If the pulse is superficial, do not needle directly; first block the pulse qi, then needle, ensuring essence does not leak out, only expelling the evil qi.
Painful conditions belong to Yin; pain where pressing with the hand finds no specific tender spot belongs to Yin, requiring deep needling. Itching belongs to Yang, requiring shallow needling. Diseases starting in the upper part belong to Yang; those in the lower part belong to Yin. If a disease originates in Yin first, treat Yin first, then Yang. If a disease originates in Yang first, treat Yang first, then Yin. Spring qi is in the hair and skin, Summer qi is in the skin, Autumn qi is in the muscle intervals, Winter qi is in the sinews and bones. These diseases determine needling depth according to the season. Therefore, for fat people, use the depth standard of Autumn/Winter; for thin people, use the depth standard of Spring/Summer.
[Na Jing] Why does it say to needle shallowly in Spring/Summer and deeply in Autumn/Winter? Answer: In Spring/Summer, Yang qi is superior, and human qi is also superior, so shallow extraction is appropriate. In Autumn/Winter, Yang qi is inferior, and human qi is also inferior, so deep extraction is appropriate. What does "Spring/Summer each achieves one Yin, Autumn/Winter each achieves one Yang" mean? Answer: In warm Spring/Summer, one must introduce one Yin: upon initial insertion, sink the needle to the Kidney/Liver level, obtain Deqi, hold it to draw Yin up. In cold Autumn/Winter, one must introduce one Yang: upon initial insertion, float the needle shallowly to the Heart/Lung level, obtain Deqi, push it inward to bring out Yang. This is called achieving one Yin in Spring/Summer and one Yang in Autumn/Winter. (Chapter 70)
[Li Dongyuan] When Yin disease appears in Yang, it refers to external wind-cold evil entering from outside due to internal deficiency, settling in the Back-Shu points of the Fu and Zang organs on the back. There are two theories regarding how humans receive external cold evil. Evil striking Yang flows into the meridians; this disease starts with external cold and ends with external heat. Thus, treating wind-cold evil involves treating the Back-Shu points of respective organs, not just wind-cold. Dampness, summerheat, dryness, and fire (Six Excesses) are evils received by the Five Zang organs, affecting sinews, bones, blood, and vessels, each cleared by their corresponding Back-Shu points on the back. Following Zhang Zhongjing's theory on Cold Damage, treatment for Eight Winds involves wind theory, for Summerheat it is the Small Intestine Shu on the back, for Dampness it is the Stomach Shu, for Dryness it is the Large Intestine Shu. These are all excess diseases of Six Excesses guest evils, treated by sedating the Back-Fu Shu points. If the disease persists and transforms, becoming deficient or excess, follow the transformation; if tonification/sedation is insufficient, only treat the Back-Fu Shu points.
Yang disease appearing in Yin implies drawing Yang from Yin; this is caused by cold/heat from food and drink harming the Six Fu organs. Furthermore, irregular diet and overwork cause Yin Fire to attack Kun Earth (Spleen/Stomach), preventing Grain Qi, Ying Qi, Clear Qi, Stomach Qi, and Yuan Qi from ascending to nourish the Yang Qi of the Six Fu organs. This results in the five Yang Qi being cut off externally first; external relates to Heaven, while qi sinks and lies dormant in Kun Earth Yin Fire. This stems from emotional injuries (joy, anger, sorrow, fear, worry) damaging the Five Thieves, followed by Stomach Qi stagnation, overwork, and dietary irregularities, injuring Yuan Qi. One should promote and elevate Yuan Qi from the He-Sea point of the Stomach, Zusanli (ST36). Hence, "Draw Yang from Yin." If Yuan Qi is severely deficient, treat the Front-Mu points of the Fu organs on the abdomen. If transmitted to the Five Zang organs causing obstruction of the Nine Orifices, treat the Front-Mu points of respective Zang organs on the abdomen according to the orifice symptoms. Hence, "Imbalance of Five Zang arises from closure of Yuan Qi in Six Fu organs." Also, "Disorder of Five Zang and obstruction of Nine Orifices arise from Qi deficiency and Yin excess." Hence, "Yang cannot overcome Yin." All treatments of abdominal Front-Mu points are for Yuan Qi deficiency, drawing Yang from Yin; do not err. Incorrectly tonifying or sedating the Shu points of the four extremities is wrong; incorrect sedation is even worse. According to Qibo, one should only select points on "Tian Shang" (Heaven Above), which refers to the back, the Back-Shu points of Five Zang and Six Fu organs. If one sedates when one should not, how can life be preserved? Reflecting on this chills the bone. If Six Excesses guest evils or upper heat/lower cold, or diseases of sinews, bones, skin, flesh, and blood vessels are incorrectly treated by selecting the He-Sea point of the Stomach or abdominal Front-Mu points, danger is certain. This is what Qibo calls a "lower-grade practitioner"; one must be cautious.