〔云〕马兜铃散 治妊娠胎气壅塞，咳嗽喘息。
马兜铃 桔梗 人参 甘草 贝母（各五钱） 陈皮（去白） 大腹皮 桑白皮 紫苏（各一两）
五味子（五钱）
上 咀，每服四钱，姜三片，水煎。
麻黄散 治妊娠外伤风冷，痰逆，咳嗽不食。
麻黄（去节） 陈皮（去白） 前胡（各一两） 半夏（洗炒） 人参 白术 枳壳 贝母 甘草（各半两）
上 咀，每服四钱，葱白五寸，姜三片，枣一枚，水同煎。
紫菀汤 治妊娠咳嗽不止，胎不安。
紫菀 天门冬（各一两） 桔梗（半两） 甘草 杏仁 桑白皮（各二钱半）
上 咀，每服三钱，竹茹一块，水煎去渣，入蜜半匙，再煎二沸，温服。
桔梗散 治妊娠肺壅，咳嗽喘急
天门冬（去心，一两） 贝母 人参 甘草 桑白皮 桔梗 紫苏（各半两） 赤茯苓（二两）
麻黄（去节，七钱半）
上 咀，每服四钱，姜三片，水煎。
〔丹〕凡治嗽，未发，以扶正气为要；已发，以攻邪气为主。
尝治一中年男子久嗽，每发时不食数日，声撼四邻，百治不效。脉寸沉伏，关滑。遂于未发时，用人参、
白术、当归、地黄，以姜汁制之，栝蒌实、陈皮、茯苓、黄芩、黄连、干姜些少煎汤，下青礞石丸。将发时，
先用神秘沉香丸下之，次与前药中加杏仁、枳实、苏叶，倍栝蒌实煎服。一月后证减十分之八，后遂守此方渐
安。凡治数人，皆以此法加减治之，皆得大效。气虚短气而喘，有痰亦短气而喘，不可用苦寒之药，火气盛故
也。宜导痰汤加千缗汤。阴虚，自少腹下火起冲于上而喘者，宜降心火补阴。有火炎上者，宜降心火，清肺金。
有痰者，宜降痰下气为主。上气喘而躁者，为肺胀，欲作风水症，宜发汗则愈。有阴虚挟痰喘者，四物汤加枳
壳、半夏，补阴降火。诸喘不止者，用椒目研极细一二钱，生姜汤调下劫之，气虚不用。又法，用萝卜子蒸熟
为君，皂角烧灰等分为末，姜汁加炼蜜丸，如小豆大，每噙化五七十丸。劫止之后，因痰治痰，因火治火。气
虚者，用人参、蜜炙黄柏、麦冬、地骨皮之类。气实人，因服黄 过多而喘者，用三拗汤以泻气。若喘甚者，
须用阿胶。若久病气虚而发喘者，宜阿胶、人参、五味补之。新病气实而喘者，宜桑白皮、苦葶苈泻之。治哮
专主于痰，宜吐法，不可用凉药，必带表散。
〔垣〕肺胀膨膨而喘咳，胸膈满壅盛而上奔者，于随证用药方中，多加五味子，人参次之，麦门冬又次之，
黄连少许。如甚则交两手而督者，真气大虚也。若气短加黄 、五味子、人参，气盛去五味子、人参，加黄芩、
荆芥穗，冬月去荆芥穗，加草豆蔻仁。
〔仲〕火逆上气，咽喉不利，止逆下气，宜麦门冬汤主之。
麦门冬（七升） 半夏（一升） 人参（四两） 甘草（二两） 粳米（三合） 大枣（十二枚）
上六味，以水一斗二升，煮取六升，温服一升，日三夜一服。
〔《保》〕天门冬丸 治妇人喘嗽，手足烦热，骨蒸寝汗，口干引饮，面目浮肿。
天门冬（十两，去心） 麦门冬（八两，去心） 生地（三斤，取汁为膏）
上三味为细末，膏子为丸，如桐子大。每服五十丸，逍遥散下。逍遥散须去甘草加人参，或与王氏《博济
方》人参荆芥散亦得。如面肿不已，经曰∶面肿因风，故宜汗，麻黄、桂枝可发其汗，后与柴胡饮子去大黄。
《咳论》曰∶治脏者治其 ，治腑者治其合，浮肿者治其经，治 者治其土也，治合者亦治其土也，如兵围魏
救赵之法也。
〔《本》〕治咳嗽上气喘急，以人参一味为末，鸡子清投新水调下一钱。昔有二人同走，一含人参，一不
含，俱走三五里许，其不含者大喘，含者气息自如，此乃人参之力也。
上用门冬、五味、人参三味为主，治肺虚或自汗或少气而喘，盖圣药也。
予治一妇人五十余岁，素有痰嗽，忽一日大喘，痰出如泉，身汗如油，脉浮而洪，似命绝之状。予适在彼，
速用麦门冬四钱，人参二钱，五味一钱五分，煎服，一帖喘定汗止，三帖后痰亦渐少。再与前方内加栝蒌仁一
钱五分，白术、当归、芍药、黄芩各一钱，服二十余帖而安。此实麦门冬、五味、人参之功也。如自汗兼腹满，
脉沉实而喘者，里实也，宜下之。
〔仲〕上气喘而躁者，属肺胀，欲作风水，发汗则愈。咳而上气，此为肺胀，其人喘，目如脱状，脉浮大者，
越婢加半夏汤主之。
麻黄（六两） 石膏（半斤） 生姜（三两） 大枣（十五枚） 甘草（一两） 半夏（半升）
上六味，以水六升，先煮麻黄去上沫，纳诸药煮取三升，分温三服。
〔丹〕七三婶喘，遇冬则发，此寒包热也，解表则热自除。
枳壳（三钱，炒） 麻黄 防风 黄芩 桔梗（各二钱） 陈皮 紫苏（五叶） 木通（一钱半，通
利九窍，治肺壅甚当）
上分四帖，煎取小半盏，热饮之。
治寒包热而喘，必用发散。
半夏 枳壳（炒） 桔梗 黄芩（炒） 紫苏 麻黄 杏仁 甘草
如天寒，加桂枝。
女子十二岁，自小喘嗽。
白术 陈皮 青皮（五钱） 麻黄 茯苓 木通 片芩（三钱） 苍术 桔梗（二钱） 干姜（一钱） 甘草（五
分）
一男子年一十四岁，哮十日则发一遍。此疾在上焦，不得汗泄，正当九月十月之交，宜温散。仍与小胃丹佐之温
散，加麻黄、黄芩。每帖用一钱半，入姜汁研细末，以水盏半煎，去渣饮之。每夜临卧时与小胃丹十二粒，津下之。
〔仲〕肺胀，咳而上气，烦躁而喘，脉浮者，心下有水，小青龙加石膏汤主之。
麻黄 芍药 桂枝 细辛 甘草 干姜（各三钱） 五味子 半夏（各半升） 石膏（二两）
上九味，以水一斗，先煮麻黄去上沫，纳诸药煎取三升，强人服一升，羸者减之，日三服，小儿服四合。
〔垣〕麻黄定喘汤 小儿寒郁喘，喉鸣，腹内鸣，坚满，鼻流清涕，脉沉急而数。
麻黄 草豆蔻 益智仁（各一两分半） 甘草 归身 红花 黄芩（生） 柴胡梢（各一分） 升麻 神曲（各五
分）
吴茱萸（二分） 苏木（半分） 全蝎（一个）
上 咀，分二服，水二大盏，煎至七分，去渣稍热服，食后。忌风寒。微微有汗效。
麻黄苍术汤 治秋暮冬天，每夜连声嗽不绝，大喘，至天明日高方缓，口苦，两胁下痛，卧而多惊，筋挛肢节
痛，痰吐涎沫，日晚呵欠，不能饮食。
柴胡根 羌活根 苍术（各五分） 麻黄（一分） 防风根 甘草根（生） 归梢 黄芩（各四分） 熟甘草（三
分）
五味子（九分） 草豆蔻（六分） 黄 （一钱半）
上分二帖，水煎，去渣稍热服，临卧。
上发表治喘，前五方发寒包热也，后三方发外中皆寒也。
四磨汤 治七情郁结，上气喘急。
人参 槟榔 沉香 天台 乌药
上四味，各浓磨水，取七分，煎一二沸，放温服。加木香、枳壳，为六磨汤。有苦寒者，加丁香、桂亦可。
《衍义》云∶乌药、槟榔气少走泄多，但不甚刚猛，与沉香同磨作汤，治胸中气膈甚当。
上解郁治喘。
〔丹〕一妇人与前方，发热得汗而喘定，夜半进少稀粥，喘再作，心痞口干，与下方。
半夏 枳实（炒，三钱） 黄连 白术（二钱） 木通 陈皮（各一钱半） 麻黄 紫苏（各一钱） 甘草（五分）
上 咀，姜水煎服。若阴虚痰喘急者，补阴降火，四物加枳壳、半夏。
平江洗伯宁，家丰，好内浓味，每年到四月九月内必发气喘，抬肩吐痰，脉沉涩而细数，诸医用平肺之药，
数年不愈，如此者六七年。用人参生地黄膏，和当归、牛膝、肉苁蓉、枸杞子、五味子、知母、黄柏、天门冬、
玄参末为丸，如桐子大。每服百丸，空心服，以救肺虚。又用阿魏、黄连、山楂、沉香、牛黄、辰砂、胆星、
陈皮、神曲，糊为丸，如桐子大，临卧姜汤下三四十丸，治浓味。服讫，复用琼玉膏一剂，继服之而安。（琼玉膏
方见劳瘵。）
治哮亦治积。鸡子略敲，损壳不损膜，浸尿缸内三四日，临夜煮食。（海藏《本草》云∶阴不足者，补之以味。）
〔罗〕喘则肺实 己未八月中，霖雨不止，时承上命治不怜吉歹元帅夫人，年逾五十，身体肥盛，因饮酒
及乳过，腹胀喘满，声闻舍外，不得安卧，大小便涩滞，气口脉大两倍于人迎，关脉沉缓而有力。予思
霖雨之湿，饮食之热，湿热大盛，上攻于肺，神气躁乱，故为喘满。邪气盛则实，实者宜下之，故制平气散以下之。
白牵牛（二两，半生半熟，只取头末一两） 青皮（去白） 槟榔（各三钱） 陈皮（去白，半两） 大黄（七钱）
〔《内经》〕曰∶肺苦气上逆，急食苦以泄之。故以白牵牛苦寒，泻气分湿热，上攻喘满，故以为君。陈皮苦温，
体轻浮，理其肺气，青皮苦辛平，散肺中滞气为臣。槟榔辛温，性沉重，下痰降气，大黄苦寒，荡涤满实，
故以为使。
上为细末，每服三钱，煎生姜汤一大盏，调下无时。一服减半，再服喘愈。止有胸膈不利，烦热口干，时
时咳嗽，再与加减泻白散。
桑白皮（一两） 地骨皮 知母 陈皮 青皮（各去白） 桔梗（去芦。各五钱） 黄芩（细锉、净） 甘
草（炙。各三钱）
上件锉如麻豆大，每服五钱，水二大盏，煎至一盏，去渣温服，食后，数服良愈。华佗云∶盛则为喘，减
则为枯。《活人》云∶发喘者，气有余也。凡看文本，须要会得本意，盛而为喘者，非肺气盛也；喘为气有余
者，亦非肺气有余也。气盛当认作气衰，有余当认作不足。肺气果盛，又为有余，当清肃下行而不喘，以其
火入于肺，衰与不足而为喘焉。故言盛者，非言肺气盛也，言肺中之火盛也。言有余者，非言肺气有余也，
言肺中之火有余也。故泻肺以苦寒之剂，非泻肺也，泻肺中之火，实补肺也，用者不可不知。
〔罗〕槐角利膈丸 治风胜痰实胸满，及喘满咳嗽。
皂角（一两，酥炙，去皮弦子） 半夏 槐角（炒。各半两） 牵牛（一两半）
上同为细末，生姜汁面糊丸，如桐子大，每服三十丸，食后，生姜汤送下。
定喘饼子 神验。
羌花（醋浸一宿，炒） 桑白皮（炒） 吴茱萸（炒） 马兜铃 陈皮（去白。各一两） 寒食面（三两）
白牵牛（三两，半生半炒，取头末二两）
上为末，和匀，滴水丸，如樱桃大，捏饼子。取热灰半碗，在锅内同炒，饼子热，每夜服一饼，嚼烂，煎
马兜铃汤下。如患人心头不快，加上一饼或两饼，至微明利下，神效。妇人有胎，不可服。
洞虚子神秘沉香丸 下痰喘。（方见痰饮门。）
〔仲〕膈间支饮，其人喘满，心下痞坚，面色黧黑，其脉沉紧，得之数十日，医吐之不愈。木防己汤主之。虚
者即愈，实者三日复发，与不愈者，宜木防己汤去石膏加茯苓芒硝汤主之。
木防己（三两） 石膏（十二枚，如鸡子大） 桂枝（二两） 人参（四两）
上四味，以水六升，煮取二升，分温再服。
木防己加茯苓芒硝汤方
木防己 桂枝（各二两） 人参（四两） 茯苓（四两） 芒硝（三合）
上五味，水六升，煮二升，去渣，纳芒硝，再微煎，分温再服。微利即愈。
〔丹〕喘急有风痰者，《妇人大全》千缗汤。
半夏（七个，炮制四片，破之） 皂角（去皮尖） 甘草（炙。各一寸） 生姜（如指大）
上用水一碗，煮去半，顿服。一方不用甘草，但用半夏末一两，皂角去皮弦半两，生姜七片，同入纱袋中，
水三升，煎至一盏五分，以手揉洗，取清汁，分作三服，并服二服，效。
〔云〕四七汤 治痰涎咽喉中上气喘逆，甚效。（方见咽喉条。即仲景治妇人胸中如有炙脔，半夏浓朴汤。）
〔《保》〕半夏丸 治因伤风而痰作喘逆，兀兀欲吐，恶心欲倒。
半夏（一两） 槟榔（三钱） 雄黄（三钱）
上为末，姜汁浸蒸饼为丸，桐子大。每服三十五丸，姜汤下。小儿丸米大。
〔《经》〕定喘化痰。猪蹄甲四十九个，净洗控干，每个指甲内入半夏、白矾各一字，装罐子内，封闭，
勿令烟出，火 通赤，去火毒，细研，入麝香一钱匕。有上喘咳嗽，用糯米饮下，小儿五分，至妙。
〔《简》〕治喘急。用桔梗一两半，捣罗为末，童便半升，煎取四合，去渣温服。
凡治喘，正发时无痰，将愈时却吐痰者，乃痰于正发之时，闭塞不通而喘甚，当于其时开其痰路，则易
安也。宜此方桔梗之类，及枳壳、栝蒌实、杏仁、苏叶、前胡等，引出其痰。候痰出喘退，却调其虚实，
虚者补以参、 、归、术，实者泻以沉香滚痰丸之类是也。
〔河〕人参半夏丸 化痰定喘。（方见咳喘。予平日用此方治久喘未发时服此丸，已发时用沉香滚痰丸微
下之，累效。）
〔世〕火喘。用白虎汤加栝蒌仁、枳壳、黄芩，神效。
〔《保》〕双玉散 治痰热而喘，痰涌如泉。
寒水石 石膏（各等分）
上细末，人参汤下三钱，食后服。
【云岐子】马兜铃散：治疗妊娠期间胎气壅塞，引起的咳嗽和喘息。
药材：马兜铃、桔梗、人参、甘草、贝母（各五钱）；陈皮（去白）、大腹皮、桑白皮、紫苏（各一两）；五味子（五钱）。
制法与用法：将药物捣碎成粗末，每次服用四钱，加生姜三片，用水煎煮后服用。
麻黄散：治疗妊娠期间因外感风冷，导致痰气上逆，咳嗽且食欲不振。
药材：麻黄（去节）、陈皮（去白）、前胡（各一两）；半夏（洗净炒制）、人参、白术、枳壳、贝母、甘草（各半两）。
制法与用法：将药物捣碎成粗末，每次服用四钱，加葱白五寸、生姜三片、大枣一枚，一同用水煎煮后服用。
紫菀汤：治疗妊娠期间咳嗽不止，导致胎动不安。
药材：紫菀、天门冬（各一两）；桔梗（半两）；甘草、杏仁、桑白皮（各二钱半）。
制法与用法：将药物捣碎成粗末，每次服用三钱，加竹茹一块，用水煎煮去渣，加入蜂蜜半匙，再煮沸两次，温服。
桔梗散：治疗妊娠期间肺气壅滞，咳嗽且呼吸急促。
药材：天门冬（去心，一两）；贝母、人参、甘草、桑白皮、桔梗、紫苏（各半两）；赤茯苓（二两）；麻黄（去节，七钱半）。
制法与用法：将药物捣碎成粗末，每次服用四钱，加生姜三片，用水煎煮后服用。
【朱丹溪】凡是治疗咳嗽，在发作之前，以扶助正气为关键；在发作之时，以祛除邪气为主。
我曾治疗一位中年男子，长期咳嗽，每次发作时几天不吃东西，声音震动邻居，各种治疗方法都无效。诊察发现其寸脉沉伏，关脉滑。于是在未发作时，用人参、白术、当归、地黄，用姜汁炮制，再加栝蒌实、陈皮、茯苓、黄芩、少量干姜煎汤，送服青礞石丸。在即将发作时，先用神秘沉香丸攻下，接着在前药中加入杏仁、枳实、苏叶，加倍使用栝蒌实煎服。一个月后症状减轻了十分之八，之后坚守此方逐渐痊愈。凡治疗数人，都用此法加减治疗，都取得了显著疗效。
气虚导致短气而喘，有痰也导致短气而喘，不可使用苦寒药物，因为火气旺盛的缘故。适宜用导痰汤加千缗汤。
阴虚，自觉从小腹下有热气冲撞向上而导致喘息者，适宜清降心火并补阴。
有火热炎上者，适宜清降心火，清肃肺金。
有痰者，适宜以降痰下气为主。
上气喘促且烦躁的，属于肺胀，将要发展为风水证，适宜发汗则痊愈。
有阴虚兼挟痰喘者，用四物汤加枳壳、半夏，补阴降火。
各种喘息不止的，用椒目研成极细粉一二钱，生姜汤调服以劫夺止喘，气虚者不用此法。
又一种方法，用萝卜子蒸熟作为主药，皂角烧灰等分为末，加姜汁和炼蜜制成丸药，如小豆大小，每次含化五七十丸。劫止之后，根据痰治痰，根据火治火。
气虚者，用人参、蜜炙黄柏、麦冬、地骨皮之类。
气实之人，因服用黄芪过多而导致喘息的，用三拗汤以泻气。
如果喘息严重，必须用阿胶。
如果久病气虚而引发喘息，适宜用阿胶、人参、五味子来补益。
新病气实而喘息，适宜用桑白皮、苦葶苈来泻实。
治疗哮喘专门针对痰，适宜用吐法，不可用凉药，必须带有表散性质。
【李东垣】肺胀，胸部膨满而喘咳，胸膈满闷壅盛且气机上奔者，在随证用药的方剂中，多加五味子，人参次之，麦门冬又次之，加少许黄连。
如果病情严重到双手交叉按于胸前且伴有抽搐者，是真气大虚的表现。
如果气短，加黄芪、五味子、人参；如果气盛，去掉五味子、人参，加黄芩、荆芥穗，冬季去掉荆芥穗，加草豆蔻仁。
【张仲景】火邪上逆，咽喉不利，旨在降逆下气，适宜用麦门冬汤主治。
药材：麦门冬（七升）、半夏（一升）、人参（四两）、甘草（二两）、粳米（三合）、大枣（十二枚）。
制法与用法：以上六味药，用水一斗二升，煮取六升，温服一升，白天三次，夜间一次服用。
【《太平惠民和剂局方》】天门冬丸：治疗妇人喘息咳嗽，手足烦热，骨蒸盗汗，口干想喝水，面目浮肿。
药材：天门冬（十两，去心）、麦门冬（八两，去心）、生地（三斤，取汁熬膏）。
制法与用法：以上三味药研成细末，用地黄膏制成丸药，如梧桐子大小。每次服用五十丸，用逍遥散送服。逍遥散须去掉甘草加入人参，或者使用王氏《博济方》中的人参荆芥散也可以。如果面部浮肿不止，经书说：“面部浮肿因于风邪”，所以适宜发汗，可用麻黄、桂枝发汗，之后再服用柴胡饮子去掉大黄。
《咳论》说：“治疗脏病治其俞穴，治疗腑病治其合穴，浮肿者治其经穴，治疗俞穴者治其土（脾），治疗合穴者也治其土”，这就像围魏救赵的策略一样。
【《本草衍义》】治疗咳嗽上气喘急，只用一味人参研成粉末，用鸡蛋清投入新水中调服一钱。过去有两个人一起跑步，一个人含着人参，一个人不含，都跑了三五里左右，那个不含人参的大喘，含人参的人气息自如，这就是人参的功效。
上面提到的用门冬、五味、人参三味药为主，治疗肺虚或自汗或少气而喘，可以说是圣药。
我治疗一位五十多岁的妇人，素来有痰嗽，忽然有一天大喘，痰出如泉涌，身汗如油，脉象浮而洪大，似乎生命垂危的样子。我恰好在那里，迅速用麦门冬四钱，人参二钱，五味子一钱五分，煎服，一帖后喘息停止出汗止住，三帖后痰也逐渐减少。再给前方中加入栝蒌仁一钱五分，白术、当归、芍药、黄芩各一钱，服用二十多帖后痊愈。这确实是麦门冬、五味、人参的功效。如果有自汗兼腹部胀满，脉沉实而喘的，是里实证，适宜用下法。
【张仲景】上气喘促且烦躁的，属于肺胀，将要发展为风水，发汗则痊愈。
咳嗽且上气喘逆，这是肺胀，病人喘息，眼睛突出像要脱出来一样，脉象浮大的，用越婢加半夏汤主治。
药材：麻黄（六两）、石膏（半斤）、生姜（三两）、大枣（十五枚）、甘草（一两）、半夏（半升）。
制法与用法：以上六味药，用水六升，先煮麻黄去掉上面的沫，再加入其他药物煮取三升，分三次温服。
【朱丹溪】七三婶的喘息，遇到冬天就发作，这是寒包热证，解表则热自然消除。
药材：枳壳（三钱，炒）、麻黄、防风、黄芩、桔梗（各二钱）；陈皮、紫苏（五叶）；木通（一钱半，通利九窍，治疗肺壅严重时应当使用）。
制法与用法：分成四帖，煎取小半盏，热饮。
治疗寒包热而喘息，必须用发散法。
药材：半夏、枳壳（炒）、桔梗、黄芩（炒）、紫苏、麻黄、杏仁、甘草。
如果天气寒冷，加桂枝。
女子十二岁，从小就有喘息咳嗽。
药材：白术、陈皮、青皮（五钱）；麻黄、茯苓、木通、片芩（三钱）；苍术、桔梗（二钱）；干姜（一钱）；甘草（五分）。
一男子十四岁，每十天哮喘发作一次。此病在上焦，不能通过汗法宣泄，正当九月十月之交，适宜温散。仍用小胃丹辅助温散，加麻黄、黄芩。每帖用一钱半，入姜汁研成细末，用水一盏半煎煮，去渣饮用。每晚临睡前服小胃丹十二粒，津液送下。
【张仲景】肺胀，咳嗽且上气喘逆，烦躁而喘，脉浮的，心下有水气，用小青龙加石膏汤主治。
药材：麻黄、芍药、桂枝、细辛、甘草、干姜（各三钱）；五味子、半夏（各半升）；石膏（二两）。
制法与用法：以上九味药，用水一斗，先煮麻黄去掉上面的沫，再加入其他药物煎取三升，体质强壮的人服一升，瘦弱的人减量，每天三次服用，小儿服四合。
【李东垣】麻黄定喘汤：治疗小儿寒郁导致的喘息，喉间鸣响，腹内鸣响，腹部坚硬胀满，鼻流清涕，脉象沉急而数。
药材：麻黄、草豆蔻、益智仁（各一两分半）；甘草、归身、红花、黄芩（生）、柴胡梢（各一分）；升麻、神曲（各五分）；吴茱萸（二分）；苏木（半分）；全蝎（一个）。
制法与用法：将药物捣碎，分成两份，用水两大盏，煎至七分，去渣稍热服用，饭后服用。忌风寒。微微出汗有效。
麻黄苍术汤：治疗秋末冬天，每晚连续咳嗽不停，大喘，直到第二天太阳升高才缓解，口苦，两胁下痛，睡觉多惊，筋挛肢节痛，痰吐涎沫，傍晚打哈欠，不能饮食。
药材：柴胡根、羌活根、苍术（各五分）；麻黄（一分）；防风根、甘草根（生）、归梢、黄芩（各四分）；熟甘草（三分）；五味子（九分）；草豆蔻（六分）；黄芪（一钱半）。
制法与用法：分成两帖，水煎，去渣稍热服用，临睡前服用。
前面五种方剂发表治疗喘息，是发散寒包热；后面三种方剂发散外感皆寒。
四磨汤：治疗七情郁结，上气喘急。
药材：人参、槟榔、沉香、天台乌药。
制法与用法：以上四味药，分别浓磨取水，取七分，煎一二沸，放温服用。加木香、枳壳，称为六磨汤。如果有苦寒证，加丁香、桂枝也可以。
《衍义》说：“乌药、槟榔气走而泄多，但不甚刚猛，与沉香同磨作汤，治疗胸中气膈非常恰当。”
以上方剂解郁治疗喘息。
【朱丹溪】一位妇女服用前方后，发热得汗而喘息停止，半夜喝了一点稀粥，喘息再次发作，心痞口干，给予下方。
药材：半夏、枳实（炒，三钱）、黄连、白术（二钱）、木通、陈皮（各一钱半）；麻黄、紫苏（各一钱）；甘草（五分）。
制法与用法：将药物捣碎，姜水煎服。如果是阴虚痰喘急者，补阴降火，用四物汤加枳壳、半夏。
平江洗伯宁，家境富裕，喜好浓厚滋味，每年四月九月内必发气喘，抬肩吐痰，脉象沉涩而细数，众医使用平肺药物治疗，数年不愈，如此持续了六七年。用人参生地黄膏，和当归、牛膝、肉苁蓉、枸杞子、五味子、知母、黄柏、天门冬、玄参末制成丸药，如梧桐子大小。每次服用一百丸，空腹服用，以救肺虚。又用阿魏、黄连、山楂、沉香、牛黄、辰砂、胆星、陈皮、神曲，糊为丸，如梧桐子大小，临睡前姜汤送下三四十丸，治疗厚味积滞。服完后，再用琼玉膏一剂，继服而安。（琼玉膏方见劳瘵门。）
治疗哮喘也治疗积滞。鸡蛋略敲，损壳不损膜，浸泡在尿缸内三四天，临睡前煮熟食用。（海藏《本草》说：“阴不足者，补之以味。”）
【罗天益】喘息则是肺实。己未年八月，连绵阴雨不止，当时承蒙上级命令治疗不怜吉歹元帅夫人，年龄超过五十岁，身体肥胖，因为饮酒及吃奶过多，腹胀喘满，声音传到屋外，不能安卧，大小便涩滞，气口脉大人迎脉两倍，关脉沉缓而有力。我思考霖雨之湿，饮食之热，湿热大盛，上攻于肺，神气躁乱，所以发生喘满。邪气盛则实，实证适宜用下法，所以制作平气散以下之。
药材：白牵牛（二两，半生半熟，只取头末一两）、青皮（去白）、槟榔（各三钱）；陈皮（去白，半两）、大黄（七钱）。
《内经》说：“肺苦气上逆，急食苦以泄之。”所以用白牵牛苦寒，泻气分湿热，上攻喘满，故作为君药。陈皮苦温，体轻浮，理其肺气；青皮苦辛平，散肺中滞气作为臣药。槟榔辛温，性沉重，下痰降气；大黄苦寒，荡涤满实，故作为使药。
以上研成细末，每次服用三钱，煎一大盏生姜汤，调服，不限时间。一服减半，再服喘息痊愈。只剩下胸膈不利，烦热口干，时时咳嗽，再给予加减泻白散。
药材：桑白皮（一两）、地骨皮、知母、陈皮、青皮（各去白）、桔梗（去芦，各五钱）；黄芩（细锉、净）、甘草（炙，各三钱）。
以上锉如麻豆大，每次服用五钱，水两大盏，煎至一盏，去渣温服，饭后服用，多次服用良愈。华佗说：“盛则为喘，减则为枯。”《活人书》说：“发喘者，气有余也。”凡是看文本，须要领会本意，盛而为喘者，并非肺气盛；喘为气有余者，也并非肺气有余。气盛应当认作气衰，有余应当认作不足。肺气如果真的盛，又为有余，应当清肃下行而不喘，因为火入于肺，衰与不足而致喘。所以说“盛”，不是说肺气盛，是说肺中之火盛。说“有余”，不是说肺气有余，是说肺中之火有余。所以泻肺用苦寒之剂，不是泻肺，是泻肺中之火，实际上是补肺，使用者不可不知道。
【罗天益】槐角利膈丸：治疗风胜痰实胸满，及喘满咳嗽。
药材：皂角（一两，酥炙，去皮弦子）、半夏、槐角（炒，各半两）、牵牛（一两半）。
制法与用法：以上同为细末，生姜汁面糊丸，如梧桐子大小，每次服用三十丸，饭后，生姜汤送下。
定喘饼子：神验。
药材：羌花（醋浸一宿，炒）、桑白皮（炒）、吴茱萸（炒）、马兜铃、陈皮（去白，各一两）；寒食面（三两）；白牵牛（三两，半生半炒，取头末二两）。
制法与用法：以上研成末，和匀，滴水丸，如樱桃大，捏成饼子。取热灰半碗，在锅内同炒，饼子热，每晚服一饼，嚼烂，煎马兜铃汤送下。如果患人心头不快，加上一饼或两饼，至微明利下，神效。妇人有胎，不可服。
【张仲景】膈间支饮，其人喘满，心下痞坚，面色黧黑，其脉沉紧，得之数十日，医吐之不愈。用木防己汤主治。虚者即愈，实者三日复发，与不愈者，宜用木防己汤去石膏加茯苓芒硝汤主治。
药材：木防己（三两）、石膏（十二枚，如鸡子大）、桂枝（二两）、人参（四两）。
制法与用法：以上四味药，用水六升，煮取二升，分两次温服。
木防己加茯苓芒硝汤方
药材：木防己、桂枝（各二两）、人参（四两）、茯苓（四两）、芒硝（三合）。
制法与用法：以上五味药，水六升，煮二升，去渣，纳芒硝，再微煎，分两次温服。微利即愈。
【朱丹溪】喘急有风痰者，《妇人大全良方》千缗汤。
药材：半夏（七个，炮制四片，破之）、皂角（去皮尖）、甘草（炙，各一寸）、生姜（如指大）。
制法与用法：用水一碗，煮去一半，顿服。另一方法不用甘草，只用半夏末一两，皂角去皮弦半两，生姜七片，同入纱袋中，水三升，煎至一盏五分，以手揉洗，取清汁，分作三服，并服二服，有效。
【云岐子】四七汤：治疗痰涎咽喉中上气喘逆，甚效。（方见咽喉条。即仲景治妇人胸中如有炙脔，半夏厚朴汤。）
【《太平惠民和剂局方》】半夏丸：治疗因伤风而痰作喘逆，兀兀欲吐，恶心欲倒。
药材：半夏（一两）、槟榔（三钱）、雄黄（三钱）。
制法与用法：以上研成末，姜汁浸蒸饼为丸，桐子大。每次服用三十五丸，姜汤下。小儿丸米大。
【《太平惠民和剂局方》】定喘化痰。猪蹄甲四十九个，净洗控干，每个指甲内入半夏、白矾各一字，装罐子内，封闭，勿令烟出，火煅通赤，去火毒，细研，入麝香一钱匕。有上喘咳嗽，用糯米饮下，小儿五分，至妙。
【《简要济众方》】治喘急。用桔梗一两半，捣罗为末，童便半升，煎取四合，去渣温服。
凡是治疗喘息，正发时无痰，将愈时却吐痰的，乃痰在正发之时，闭塞不通而喘甚，应当于此时开其痰路，则易安也。适宜此方桔梗之类，及枳壳、栝蒌实、杏仁、苏叶、前胡等，引出其痰。候痰出喘退，却调其虚实，虚者补以参、芪、归、术，实者泻以沉香滚痰丸之类是也。
【王好古】人参半夏丸：化痰定喘。（方见咳喘。予平日用此方治久喘未发时服此丸，已发时用沉香滚痰丸微下之，累效。）
【《太平惠民和剂局方》】双玉散：治痰热而喘，痰涌如泉。
药材：寒水石、石膏（各等分）。
制法与用法：以上细末，人参汤下三钱，食后服。
[Yun] Madouling San (Mansfield Decoction): Treats pregnancy complicated by stagnation of fetal qi, causing cough and wheezing.
Ingredients: Mansheliae Fructus (Madouling), Platycodonis Radix (Jiegeng), Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma (Renshen), Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma (Gancao), Fritillariae Bulbus (Beimu) (each 5 qian); Chenpi (exocarp removed), Arecae Pericarpium (Dafupi), Morus Albae Cortex (Sangbaipi), Perillae Folium (Zisu) (each 1 liang); Schisandrae Fructus (Wuweizi) (5 qian).
Preparation and Administration: Coarsely crush the herbs. Take 4 qian per dose, add 3 slices of Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens (Shengjiang), decoct in water, and take orally.
Mahuang San (Ephedra Decoction): Treats pregnancy complicated by external contraction of wind-cold, leading to rebellious phlegm-qi, cough, and anorexia.
Ingredients: Ephedrae Herba (Mahuang) (nodes removed), Chenpi (exocarp removed), Peucedani Radix (Qianhu) (each 1 liang); Pinelliae Rhizoma Preparatum (Banxia) (washed and stir-fried), Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma (Renshen), Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma (Baizhu), Aurantii Fructus Immaturus (Zhike), Fritillariae Bulbus (Beimu), Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma (Gancao) (each 0.5 liang).
Preparation and Administration: Coarsely crush the herbs. Take 4 qian per dose, add 5 cun of Allii Fistulosi Bulbus (Congbai), 3 slices of Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens (Shengjiang), and 1 Jujubae Fructus (Zao), decoct together in water, and take orally.
Ziwan Tang (Aster Decoction): Treats persistent cough during pregnancy causing fetal restlessness.
Ingredients: Asteris Radix et Rhizoma (Ziwan), Asparagi Radix (Tianmendong) (each 1 liang); Platycodonis Radix (Jiegeng) (0.5 liang); Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma (Gancao), Armeniacae Semen (Xingren), Morus Albae Cortex (Sangbaipi) (each 2.5 qian).
Preparation and Administration: Coarsely crush the herbs. Take 3 qian per dose, add a piece of Bambusae Caulis in Taeniam (Zhuru), decoct in water, strain, add half a spoonful of Mel (Fengmi), boil twice more, and take warm.
Jiegeng San (Platycodon Decoction): Treats lung congestion during pregnancy, causing cough and dyspnea.
Ingredients: Asparagi Radix (Tianmendong) (heart removed, 1 liang); Fritillariae Bulbus (Beimu), Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma (Renshen), Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma (Gancao), Morus Albae Cortex (Sangbaipi), Platycodonis Radix (Jiegeng), Perillae Folium (Zisu) (each 0.5 liang); Poria Cocos with Red Bark (Chifuling) (2 liang); Ephedrae Herba (Mahuang) (nodes removed, 7.5 qian).
Preparation and Administration: Coarsely crush the herbs. Take 4 qian per dose, add 3 slices of Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens (Shengjiang), decoct in water, and take orally.
[Zhu Danxi] In treating cough, before onset, the priority is to support healthy qi; after onset, the priority is to attack pathogenic qi.
I once treated a middle-aged man with chronic cough. During each episode, he would not eat for several days, his voice shaking the neighbors, and various treatments failed. His Cun pulse was deep and hidden, and Guan pulse was slippery. Therefore, during remission, I used Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma (Renshen), Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma (Baizhu), Angelicae Sinensis Radix (Danggui), and Rehmanniae Radix (Dihuang), processed with Ginger Juice (Jiangzhi), plus Trichosanthis Fructus (Gualou Shi), Chenpi, Poria Cocos (Fuling), Scutellariae Radix (Huangqin), and a small amount of Zingiberis Rhizoma (Ganjiang) decocted as soup, administered with Qingmengshi Wan (Blue-green Stone Pill). Just before onset, I first administered Shenmi Chenxiang Wan (Mysterious Agarwood Pill) to purge, then added Armeniacae Semen (Xingren), Zizyphi Fructus (Zhishi), and Perillae Folium (Suye) to the previous prescription, doubling the amount of Trichosanthis Fructus (Gualou Shi), decocted and taken. After one month, symptoms reduced by eight-tenths, and gradually recovered by adhering to this formula. This method was applied to several patients with great efficacy.
Shortness of breath with wheezing due to Qi deficiency, or shortness of breath with wheezing due to phlegm, should not be treated with bitter-cold medicines because of flourishing fire. Dao Tan Tang (Phlegm-Dissipating Decoction) combined with Qianmin Tang (Thousand Strings Decoction) is suitable.
Yin deficiency with heat rising from the lower abdomen to cause wheezing requires descending Heart Fire and tonifying Yin.
For flaming fire ascending, descending Heart Fire and clearing Lung Metal is appropriate.
For cases with phlegm, descending phlegm and lowering qi is primary.
Upper asthma with irritability indicates Lung Distension (Fei Zhang), potentially developing into Wind-Water syndrome; sweating resolves it.
For Yin deficiency with phlegm-wheezing, Si Wu Tang (Four Substances Decoction) with Zhike and Banxia tonifies Yin and descends fire.
For persistent wheezing, pepper seeds (Jiaomu) ground to fine powder (1-2 qian) mixed with Ginger Soup can arrest wheezing; avoid in Qi deficiency.
Another method: steamed Radish Seeds (Luobozhong) as the sovereign herb, equal parts of burnt Gleditsiae Sinensis Spina (Saojiao) ash, formed into pills with Ginger Juice and refined Honey, size of adzuki beans. Suck 50-70 pills at a time. After arresting, treat phlegm if present, or fire if present.
For Qi deficiency, use Renshen, Honey-fried Phellodendri Cortex (Huangbai), Ophiopogonis Radix (Maidong), and Lycii Cortex (Digupi).
For Qi excess caused by excessive Huangqi consumption, San Ao Tang (Three Unbinding Decoction) drains Qi.
For severe wheezing, Ejiao (Donkey-hide Gelatin) is necessary.
For chronic Qi deficiency wheezing, Ejiao, Renshen, and Wuweizi tonify.
For acute Qi excess wheezing, Sangbaipi and Tinglizi drain excess.
Asthma focuses on phlegm; emesis is suitable, avoiding cold medicines, must include exterior-releasing properties.
[Li Dongyuan] For Lung Distension with fullness, wheezing, cough, chest oppression, and rushing qi, add large amounts of Schisandrae Fructus (Wuweizi) to the symptomatic formula, followed by Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma (Renshen), then Ophiopogonis Radix (Maidong), and a little Scutellariae Radix (Huangqin).
If severe with crossed hands and twitching, it indicates severe depletion of True Qi.
For shortness of breath, add Astragali Radix (Huangqi), Wuweizi, and Renshen; for abundant Qi, remove Wuweizi and Renshen, add Huangqin and Schizonepetae Spica (Jingjie Sui); in winter, remove Jingjie Sui and add Cardamomi Fructus (Caodoukou).
[Zhang Zhongjing] For fire rebellion causing upper qi and throat discomfort, aiming to descend rebellious qi, Mai Men Dong Tang (Ophiopogon Decoction) is indicated.
Ingredients: Ophiopogonis Radix (Mai Men Dong, 7 sheng), Pinelliae Rhizoma Preparatum (Ban Xia, 1 sheng), Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma (Ren Shen, 4 liang), Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma (Gan Cao, 2 liang), Oryza Sativa (Jing Mi, 3 ge), Jujubae Fructus (Da Zao, 12 pieces).
Preparation and Administration: These six ingredients, decoct in 12 sheng of water to obtain 6 sheng. Take 1 sheng warm, three times daily and once at night.
[Heji Ju Fang] Tian Men Dong Wan (Asparagus Pill): Treats women with wheezing cough, vexing heat in limbs, bone-steaming night sweats, dry mouth with thirst, and facial edema.
Ingredients: Asparagi Radix (Tian Men Dong, 10 liang, heart removed), Ophiopogonis Radix (Mai Men Dong, 8 liang, heart removed), Rehmanniae Radix (Sheng Di, 3 jin, juice made into paste).
Preparation and Administration: Grind to fine powder, form pills with the paste, size of paulownia seeds. Take 50 pills per dose, delivered with Xiao Yao San (Free and Easy Wanderer Powder). Xiao Yao San must have Gancao removed and Renshen added, or Wang’s Bo Ji Fang Ren Shen Jing Jie San is also acceptable. If facial edema persists, as stated in the Classics: "Facial edema is due to wind," so sweating is appropriate; Mahuang and Guizhi can induce sweating, followed by Chai Hu Yin Zi without Dahuang.
The Ke Lun states: "Treating Zang organs treats their Shu points, treating Fu organs treats their He points, treating edema treats their Jing points, treating Shu points treats Earth (Spleen), treating He points also treats Earth," similar to the strategy of besieging Wei to rescue Zhao.
[Ben Cao Yan Yi] To treat cough with upper asthmatic breathing, use only Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma (Renshen) ground to powder, mixed with Egg White (Jizi Qing) in fresh water, take 1 qian. Two men ran together; one held Renshen in his mouth, the other did not. After running 3-5 li, the one without Renshen panted heavily, while the one with it breathed normally. This demonstrates the power of Renshen.
Using Tianmen Dong, Wuweizi, and Renshen as main ingredients treats Lung deficiency, spontaneous sweating, or shortness of breath with wheezing; these are sacred medicines.
I treated a woman over fifty with chronic phlegm-cough who suddenly developed severe wheezing, profuse sputum like a spring, oily sweat, and a floating, surging pulse resembling death. I immediately prescribed Mai Men Dong 4 qian, Renshen 2 qian, Wuweizi 1.5 qian, decocted and taken. One dose stopped wheezing and sweating; three doses reduced sputum. Then added Gualou Ren 1.5 qian, Baizhu, Danggui, Shaoyao, Huangqin 1 qian each to the previous formula. After twenty doses, she recovered. This is indeed the merit of Mai Men Dong, Wuweizi, and Renshen. For spontaneous sweating with abdominal fullness and a deep, solid pulse with wheezing, it is interior excess, requiring purgation.
[Zhang Zhongjing] Upper asthma with irritability belongs to Lung Distension, potentially becoming Wind-Water; sweating resolves it.
Cough with upper asthmatic breathing is Lung Distension; the patient wheezes, eyes protruding as if falling out, with a floating, large pulse. Yue Bi Jia Ban Xia Tang (Yuebi Plus Pinellia Decoction) is indicated.
Ingredients: Ephedrae Herba (Mahuang, 6 liang), Gypsum Fibrosum (Shigao, 0.5 jin), Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens (Shengjiang, 3 liang), Jujubae Fructus (Dazao, 15 pieces), Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma (Gancao, 1 liang), Pinelliae Rhizoma Preparatum (Banxia, 0.5 sheng).
Preparation and Administration: These six ingredients, decoct in 6 sheng of water. First boil Mahuang to remove surface foam, then add other herbs, boil to obtain 3 sheng. Divide into three warm doses.
[Zhu Danxi] Aunt Qi San’s wheezing occurs in winter; this is Cold Enveloping Heat. Releasing the exterior removes the heat.
Ingredients: Aurantii Fructus Immaturus (Zhike, 3 qian, stir-fried), Ephedrae Herba (Mahuang), Saposhnikoviae Radix (Fangfeng), Scutellariae Radix (Huangqin), Platycodonis Radix (Jiegeng) (each 2 qian); Chenpi, Perillae Folium (Zisu, 5 leaves); Akebiae Caulis (Mutong, 1.5 qian, unblocks nine orifices, indicated for severe lung congestion).
Preparation and Administration: Divide into four doses, decoct to obtain a small half cup, drink hot.
Treating Cold Enveloping Heat wheezing requires releasing methods.
Ingredients: Pinelliae Rhizoma Preparatum (Banxia), Aurantii Fructus Immaturus (Zhike, stir-fried), Platycodonis Radix (Jiegeng), Scutellariae Radix (Huangqin, stir-fried), Perillae Folium (Zisu), Ephedrae Herba (Mahuang), Armeniacae Semen (Xingren), Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma (Gancao).
In cold weather, add Cinnamomi Ramulus (Guizhi).
A twelve-year-old girl with childhood wheezing and cough.
Ingredients: Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma (Baizhu), Chenpi, Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium Viride (Qingpi) (5 qian); Ephedrae Herba (Mahuang), Poria Cocos (Fuling), Akebiae Caulis (Mutong), Scutellariae Radix (Pian Qin) (3 qian); Atractylodis Rhizoma (Cangzhu), Platycodonis Radix (Jiegeng) (2 qian); Zingiberis Rhizoma (Ganjiang) (1 qian); Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma (Gancao) (0.5 fen).
A fourteen-year-old boy with asthma attacks every ten days. The disease is in the Upper Jiao, cannot be released via sweating, occurring in September-October, requiring warming dispersion. Assist with Xiao Wei Dan (Small Stomach Pill) for warming dispersion, adding Mahuang and Huangqin. Use 1.5 qian per dose, grind with Ginger Juice, decoct in 1.5 cups of water, strain, and drink. Take 12 pills of Xiao Wei Dan nightly before bed with saliva.
[Zhang Zhongjing] Lung Distension with cough, upper asthmatic breathing, irritability, and floating pulse indicates water retention below the heart. Xiao Qing Long Jia Shi Gao Tang (Minor Blue Dragon Plus Gypsum Decoction) is indicated.
Ingredients: Ephedrae Herba (Mahuang), Paeoniae Radix Alba (Shaoyao), Cinnamomi Ramulus (Guizhi), Asari Radix et Rhizoma (Xixin), Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma (Gancao), Zingiberis Rhizoma (Ganjiang) (each 3 qian); Schisandrae Fructus (Wuweizi), Pinelliae Rhizoma Preparatum (Banxia) (each 0.5 sheng); Gypsum Fibrosum (Shigao, 2 liang).
Preparation and Administration: Nine ingredients, decoct in 10 sheng of water. First boil Mahuang to remove foam, then add others, boil to obtain 3 sheng. Strong adults take 1 sheng, weak persons reduce dosage, three times daily. Children take 4 he.
[Li Dongyuan] Mahuang Ding Chuan Tang: Treats children’s cold-stagnation wheezing, throat rales, abdominal borborygmus, hard fullness, clear nasal discharge, and deep, rapid pulse.
Ingredients: Ephedrae Herba (Mahuang), Cardamomi Fructus (Caodoukou), Alpiniae Oxyphyllae Fructus (Yizhiren) (each 1 liang 1.5 fen); Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma (Gancao), Angelicae Sinensis Radix (Guishen), Carthami Flos (Honghua), Scutellariae Radix (Huangqin, raw), Bupleuri Radix Apex (Chaihu Shao) (each 1 fen); Cimicifugae Rhizoma (Shengma), Massae Fermentatae Medicinalis (Shenqu) (each 5 fen); Evodiae Fructus (Wuzhuyu, 2 fen); Sappan Lignum (Sumu, 0.5 fen); Scorpio (Quanxie, 1 piece).
Preparation and Administration: Coarsely crush, divide into two doses. Decoct in 2 large cups of water to 0.7 portion, strain, drink slightly warm after meals. Avoid wind-cold. Mild sweating indicates efficacy.
Mahuang Cangzhu Tang: Treats late autumn/winter continuous nighttime coughing, severe wheezing resolving at dawn, bitter taste, hypochondriac pain, restless sleep, tendon spasms, joint pain, frothy sputum, evening yawning, and anorexia.
Ingredients: Bupleuri Radix (Chaihu Gen), Notopterygii Rhizoma et Radix (Qianghuo Gen), Atractylodis Rhizoma (Cangzhu) (each 5 fen); Ephedrae Herba (Mahuang, 1 fen); Saposhnikoviae Radix (Fangfeng Gen), Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma (Gancao Gen, raw), Angelicae Sinensis Radix Apex (Guishao), Scutellariae Radix (Huangqin) (each 4 fen); Cooked Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma (Shu Gancao, 3 fen); Schisandrae Fructus (Wuweizi, 9 fen); Cardamomi Fructus (Caodoukou, 6 fen); Astragali Radix (Huangqi, 1.5 qian).
Preparation and Administration: Divide into two doses, decoct in water, strain, drink slightly warm before bed.
The first five formulas release the exterior to treat wheezing by dispersing Cold Enveloping Heat; the last three disperse exterior Cold.
Si Mo Tang: Treats emotional stagnation causing upper asthmatic breathing.
Ingredients: Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma (Renshen), Arecae Semen (Binglang), Aquilariae Lignum Resinatum (Chenxiang), Linderae Radix (Tiantai Wuyao).
Preparation and Administration: Macerate each herb separately in water to obtain 0.7 portion, boil briefly, drink warm. Add Mugwort Leaf (Muxiang) and Aurantii Fructus Immaturus (Zhike) to make Liu Mo Tang. For bitter-cold patterns, add Tsaoko Fructus (Dingxiang) and Cinnamomi Ramulus (Guizhi).
Yan Yi states: Wuyao and Binglang move Qi but leak much, though not too harsh. Macerated with Chenxiang, they effectively treat chest Qi obstruction.
These formulas resolve stagnation to treat wheezing.
[Zhu Danxi] A woman took the previous formula, fever resolved with sweating, wheezing stopped. At midnight, she ate some thin porridge, wheezing recurred with chest stuffiness and dry mouth. Prescribe the following:
Ingredients: Pinelliae Rhizoma Preparatum (Banxia), Aurantii Fructus (Zhishi, stir-fried, 3 qian), Scutellariae Radix (Huanglian), Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma (Baizhu, 2 qian), Akebiae Caulis (Mutong), Chenpi (each 1.5 qian); Ephedrae Herba (Mahuang), Perillae Folium (Zisu) (each 1 qian); Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma (Gancao, 0.5 fen).
Preparation and Administration: Coarsely crush, decoct in Ginger Water. For Yin deficiency with phlegm-wheezing urgency, tonify Yin and descend fire using Si Wu Tang plus Zhike and Banxia.
Xi Boning from Pingjiang, wealthy, fond of rich flavors, suffers annual wheezing in April and September, lifting shoulders and spitting phlegm, with deep, choppy, fine, and rapid pulse. Physicians used Lung-pacifying drugs for years without success, lasting 6-7 years. Use Renshen and Shengdi Huang paste mixed with Danggui, Niuxi, Cistanche Deserticola (Roucongrong), Lycii Fructus (Gouqizi), Wuweizi, Anemarrhenae Rhizoma (Zhimu), Phellodendri Cortex (Huangbai), Asparagi Radix (Tianmendong), and Scrophulariae Radix (Xuanshen) ground to powder, formed into pills size of paulownia seeds. Take 100 pills fasting to save Lung deficiency. Also use Asafoetida (Awei), Huanglian, Hawthorn Fruit (Shanzha), Chenxiang, Bovis Calculus (Niuhuang), Cinnabaris (Chensha), Arisaematis Cum Bile (Danning), Chenpi, and Shenqu, formed into pills with paste, size of paulownia seeds. Take 30-40 pills before bed with Ginger Soup to treat rich flavor accumulation. After finishing, take Qiongyu Gao (Jade Elixir Paste) and continue until stable. (Qiongyu Gao formula see Lao Zhai section.)
Treating asthma also treats accumulation. Crack an egg slightly without breaking the membrane, soak in urine chamber for 3-4 days, cook and eat at night. (Haizang Ben Cao says: "For Yin insufficiency, tonify with flavor.")
[Luo Tianyi] Wheezing indicates Lung Excess. In August of Jiwei year, continuous rain occurred. I was ordered to treat Marshal Bulingjiedai’s wife, over fifty, obese, due to drinking milk excessively, causing abdominal distension, wheezing, loud voice, inability to lie flat, difficult urination/defecation. Kou pulse was double the Ying pulse, Guan pulse deep, slow, and forceful. Rain dampness and dietary heat caused abundant Damp-Heat attacking the Lung, disturbing Spirit Qi, causing wheezing/fullness. Pathogen excess means Excess; Excess requires purgation. Thus, Ping Qi San was made to purge.
Ingredients: White Peteloa Seed (Bai Qianniu, 2 liang, half raw half cooked, only head powder 1 liang), Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium (Qingpi, exocarp removed), Arecae Semen (Binglang) (each 3 qian); Chenpi (exocarp removed, 0.5 liang), Rheum Palmatum (Dahuang, 7 qian).
Nei Jing states: "Lung dislikes Qi rebelling, urgently eat bitter to drain it." Bai Qianniu is bitter-cold, drains Damp-Heat in Qi level attacking Lung causing wheezing/fullness, thus Sovereign. Chenpi is bitter-warm, light, regulates Lung Qi; Qingpi is bitter-acrid-neutral, scatters Lung stagnation, thus Ministers. Binglang is acrid-warm, heavy, descends phlegm/Qi; Dahuang is bitter-cold, cleanses fullness/excess, thus Envoy.
Grind to fine powder. Take 3 qian, mix with 1 large cup of Ginger Soup, take anytime. One dose reduces by half, second dose cures wheezing. Only chest discomfort, vexing heat, dry mouth, occasional cough remain. Prescribe Jian Xi Xie Bai San (Modified Draining White Powder).
Ingredients: Morus Albae Cortex (Sangbaipi, 1 liang), Lycii Cortex (Digupi), Anemarrhenae Rhizoma (Zhimu), Chenpi, Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium Viride (Qingpi, exocarp removed), Platycodonis Radix (Jiegeng, radix removed, each 5 qian); Scutellariae Radix (Huangqin, finely cut, clean), Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma (Gancao, honey-fried, each 3 qian).
Cut like hemp seeds. Take 5 qian, decoct in 2 large cups of water to 1 cup, strain, drink warm after meals. Multiple doses cure well. Hua Tuo said: "Excess becomes wheezing, reduction becomes withering." Huo Ren said: "Wheezing means Qi surplus." Understanding the text: "Excess" wheezing does not mean Lung Qi excess; "Surplus" wheezing does not mean Lung Qi surplus. Qi excess should be recognized as Qi deficiency; Surplus should be recognized as Insufficiency. If Lung Qi were truly excess, it would descend clearly without wheezing. Because Fire enters the Lung, deficiency and insufficiency cause wheezing. Thus, "Excess" refers to Lung Fire excess, not Lung Qi excess. "Surplus" refers to Lung Fire surplus, not Lung Qi surplus. Therefore, draining Lung with bitter-cold agents drains Lung Fire, actually tonifying the Lung. Users must know this.
[Luo Tianyi] Huai Jiao Li Ge Wan: Treats Wind dominance with phlegm-excess chest fullness, and wheezing/cough.
Ingredients: Gleditsiae Sinensis Spina (Saojiao, 1 liang, fried in lard, skin and strings removed), Pinelliae Rhizoma Preparatum (Banxia), Sophorae Fructus (Huaijiao, stir-fried, each 0.5 liang), Peteloa Seed (Qianniu, 1.5 liang).
Preparation and Administration: Grind to fine powder, form pills with Ginger Juice and flour paste, size of paulownia seeds. Take 30 pills after meals with Ginger Soup.
Ding Chuan Bing Zi (Wheezing-Stopping Cake): Divine efficacy.
Ingredients: Veratrum Root (Qianghua, soaked in vinegar overnight, stir-fried), Morus Albae Cortex (Sangbaipi, stir-fried), Evodiae Fructus (Wuzhuyu, stir-fried), Mansheliae Fructus (Madouling), Chenpi (exocarp removed, each 1 liang); Han Shi Mian (Cold Food Flour, 3 liang); White Peteloa Seed (Bai Qianniu, 3 liang, half raw half stir-fried, head powder 2 liang).
Preparation and Administration: Mix powders, drop water to form pills, size of cherries, flatten into cakes. Stir-fry cakes in hot ashes (half bowl) in a pot until hot. Take one cake nightly, chew thoroughly, swallow with Madouling Decoction. If patient feels chest discomfort, add one or two cakes. Mild diarrhea indicates efficacy. Contraindicated in pregnancy.
Dongxuzi Shenmi Chenxiang Wan: Descends phlegm-wheezing. (Formula see Tan Yin section.)
[Zhang Zhongjing] Fluid retention between diaphragm causes wheezing/fullness, epigastric hardness, dark complexion, deep-tight pulse, lasting dozens of days, vomiting failed. Mu Fang Ji Tang (Stephania Decoction) is indicated. Deficient pattern heals immediately; Excess pattern recurs in three days. For non-healing, Mu Fang Ji Tang minus Shigao plus Fuling and Mangxiao Tang is indicated.
Ingredients: Stephaniae Tetrandrae Radix (Mu Fangji, 3 liang), Gypsum Fibrosum (Shigao, 12 pieces, egg-sized), Cinnamomi Ramulus (Guizhi, 2 liang), Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma (Renshen, 4 liang).
Preparation and Administration: Four ingredients, decoct in 6 sheng of water to obtain 2 sheng. Divide into two warm doses.
Mu Fang Ji Jia Fuling Mangxiao Tang Formula
Ingredients: Stephaniae Tetrandrae Radix (Mu Fangji), Cinnamomi Ramulus (Guizhi) (each 2 liang), Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma (Renshen, 4 liang), Poria Cocos (Fuling, 4 liang), Mirabilite (Mangxiao, 3 he).
Preparation and Administration: Five ingredients, decoct in 6 sheng of water to 2 sheng, strain, add Mangxiao, simmer slightly, divide into two warm doses. Mild diarrhea indicates cure.
[Zhu Danxi] For urgent wheezing with Wind-Phlegm, Qianmin Tang from Fu Ren Da Quan Liang Fang.
Ingredients: Pinelliae Rhizoma Preparatum (Banxia, 7 pieces, processed into 4 slices, broken), Gleditsiae Sinensis Spina (Saojiao, skin/spines removed), Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma (Gancao, honey-fried, each 1 cun), Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens (Shengjiang, finger-sized).
Preparation and Administration: Decoct in 1 bowl of water to half, take in one dose. Alternative: No Gancao. Use Banxia powder 1 liang, Saojiao (skin/spines removed) 0.5 liang, Shengjiang 7 slices. Put in gauze bag, decoct in 3 sheng water to 1.5 cups, knead bag, extract clear juice, divide into three doses. Taking two doses is effective.
[Yun] Si Qi Tang: Treats phlegm-saliva in throat causing upper asthmatic rebellion, very effective. (Formula see Yan Hou section. Equivalent to Zhang Zhongjing’s Banxia Houpo Tang for sensation of plum-pit in chest.)
[Heji Ju Fang] Banxia Wan: Treats wind-cold inducing phlegm-rebellion, nausea, dizziness.
Ingredients: Pinelliae Rhizoma Preparatum (Banxia, 1 liang), Arecae Semen (Binglang, 3 qian), Realgar (Xionghuang, 3 qian).
Preparation and Administration: Grind to powder, form pills with Ginger Juice and steamed dough, size of paulownia seeds. Take 35 pills with Ginger Soup. Children: rice-sized pills.
[Tai Ping Hui Min He Ji Ju Fang] Ding Chuan Hua Tan (Wheezing-Stopping Phlegm-Resolving). Forty-nine Pig Trotter Hooves (Zhujiajia), washed and dried. Place Banxia and Mingfan (Bai Fan) in each hoof cavity, seal in jar, smoke-proof, fire-roast red, remove toxicity, grind fine, add Moschus (Shexiang, 1 qian). For upper wheezing/cough, take with Glutinous Rice Drink. Children: 5 fen. Excellent.
[Jian Yao Ji Zhong Fang] Treat urgent wheezing. Platycodonis Radix (Jiegeng) 1.5 liang, grind to powder. Decoct with Child’s Urine (Tongbian) 0.5 sheng to obtain 4 he. Strain, drink warm.
Generally, treating wheezing: if no phlegm during onset but expectoration upon recovery, phlegm blocked airways during onset causing severe wheezing. Open phlegm pathways during onset for relief. Use Jiegeng, Zhike, Gualou Shi, Xingren, Zisu, Qianhu to draw out phlegm. After phlegm exits and wheezing subsides, regulate deficiency/excess. Tonify deficiency with Renshen, Huangqi, Danggui, Baizhu; purge excess with Chenxiang Gun Tan Wan.
[Wang Haogu] Renshen Banxia Wan: Resolves phlegm, stops wheezing. (Formula see Ke Chuan section. I usually prescribe this pill for chronic wheezing in remission, and Chenxiang Gun Tan Wan for mild purgation during onset, with repeated efficacy.)
[Popular] Fire Wheezing. Bai Hu Tang plus Gualou Ren, Zhike, Huangqin, divine efficacy.
[Heji Ju Fang] Shuang Yu San: Treats Phlegm-Heat wheezing, phlegm gushing like a spring.
Ingredients: Halloysit Rubra (Han Shui Shi), Gypsum Fibrosum (Shi Gao) (equal parts).
Preparation and Administration: Fine powder. Take 3 qian with Ginseng Soup after meals.