〔洁〕伤寒表里攻发有表证恶风恶寒者，当发表。（海藏云∶恶风者，白术散，恶寒者，神术汤。）如气盛
能食，不大便，无表证者，可攻里。春主生，属木。身温，当发汗。（海藏云∶神术汤。）夏主长，属火。身
热而烦躁，合大发散。（海藏云∶神术加黄 汤。）长夏主化，属土，及居四季同，当调其饮食。（海藏云∶四君
子汤。）秋主收，属金。身凉内温，合微下。（海藏云∶通膈丸、金花丸。）冬主藏，属水。身热而恶寒，
是热在外而寒在内，身寒而恶热，是热在内而寒在外。（海藏云∶热在内者调胃承气汤，寒在内者调中汤丸。）
〔洁〕凡伤寒，宜根据四时，阴阳升降，逆顺刚柔而施治法。气升浮则顺发之，气收藏则下之。有汗，发热
恶风，脉浮缓者，风伤卫，桂枝汤。无汗，发热恶寒，不当风而自憎寒，脉浮紧者，寒伤荣，麻黄汤。有汗发
热恶风，脉浮紧，无汗发热恶寒，脉浮缓，谓之荣卫俱伤，青龙桂枝麻黄各半汤。无汗，发热不恶风寒，脉沉
洪者，可下之。更详认其厥与不厥，量寒热浅深而治之。有汗，四肢厥，脉沉微者，名阴厥，四逆汤。无汗四
肢厥，脉沉微者，名阳厥，大承气汤加腻粉。如四肢不厥，身热，内外皆阳，不动三焦，宜凉药三五服下之。
黄芩甘草汤、黄芩白术汤、黄芩苍术汤、黄芩栀子汤、连翘饮子、小柴胡汤、八正散、凉膈散、白虎汤、五黄
散。此上中下三焦药，宜选用之。中暑脉虚，皆恶寒自汗而渴者，白虎汤。身凉脉紧，热在内者，急下之，口燥
咽干，不大便是也。无汗，身大热者，可发汗，升麻汤、大青膏、天麻膏。有汗，身大热者，桂枝汤、惺惺散、
解肌汤、小柴胡汤、白术防风汤可选用之。发汗者，量四时暄暑燥湿风寒，各宜春凉夏寒秋温冬热而发之。
〔钱〕伤风贪睡，口中气热，呵欠烦闷，当发散，与大青膏。表证也。（洁古补遗云∶小儿外感于风寒，拘
急呵欠，烦闷，皮毛涩，口中气热者，当发散。秋冬用温热药，春夏用凉寒药。）
大青膏
天麻（一钱） 白附子（生，一钱半） 蝎尾（去毒，生，半钱） 朱砂（研，一字匕） 青黛（一钱，研）
天竺黄（一字匕研） 麝香（一字匕） 乌梢蛇
肉（酒浸，焙干取末，半两）
上同研细，生蜜和成膏，每服半皂子，或一皂子大。月中儿，粳米大，同牛黄膏、薄荷水化一处服
之。五岁以上，同甘露散服。
雄黄膏 治伤风温壮热引饮。
雄黄（小枣大，研，萝卜根水并醋一大盏煮尽） 甘草末 川甜硝（各三钱） 寒水石（研细，五钱匕）
脑子（一字匕） 朱砂（五分）
上研匀，炼蜜成膏，薄荷汤化下半皂子大。
上大青膏，发散贪睡，口气热，呵欠烦闷，表症者，盖为三岁以下小儿，未能言者设也。
〔《活》〕寻常风壅发热，鼻涕痰嗽烦渴，惺惺散主之，（方见疟。）
〔海〕伤寒、时气、风热，痰壅咳嗽，及气不和者，四君子加细辛、栝蒌、桔梗各一分，生姜、
薄荷煎。或加防风、川芎各一分。内有寒，及遇天寒欲发散者，则去栝蒌，加桔梗。多虚汗，夜啼者，
加麦门冬。伤风身热头痛气促者，四君子加川芎、防风等分，细辛、羌活减半，同煎。
〔《活》〕咽喉不利，痰实咳嗽，鼠粘子汤。
〔云〕人参羌活散 治小儿寒邪，及瘟气时疫，疮疹，头痛体疼，壮热，多眠不语，潮热烦渴，
痰实咳嗽。
羌活 独活 柴胡 人参 芎 枳壳（炒） 甘草（炙。各二两） 前胡 桔梗 天麻（酒浸，炙）
地骨皮（各半两） 白茯苓（去皮，二两）
上为散，每服二钱，水一盏，入薄荷少许，同煎，去渣温服，不拘时候。
七宝散 治时气，头昏体热，小儿同乳母服，大人亦可。
紫苏叶 香附（炒。各三两） 陈皮 甘草（炙） 桔梗 白芷 川芎（各一两）
上 咀，姜、枣煎服。
〔海〕麻黄黄芩汤 治小儿伤寒无汗，头痛，身热恶寒。
麻黄 赤芍 黄芩（半两） 甘草 桂枝（各二钱半）
上为粗末，水煎服。
升麻黄芩汤 治伤风有汗，头疼，发热恶风。
升麻 葛根 黄芩 芍药（各五钱半） 甘草（一钱半）
上 咀，每服二钱，水煎温服。
上惺惺散等药，发散头痛、发热、恶风寒表证者，盖为三岁以上小儿能言者设也。能言，故头
疼、恶风寒可问而知也。前五方通治有汗无汗、恶风恶寒，第五方治无汗恶寒，第六方治有汗恶风。
〔钱〕与大青膏不解散，有下证当下，大黄丸主之。大热饮水不止而善食者，可微下，余不可下
也。（此里症也。《洁古补遗》云∶大热、饮水、能食、不大便，用大黄丸作散子与服之。如清便
自调，慎不可妄下，恐外热逐于内而变结胸，危证多矣。）
大黄丸 治风热里实，口中气热，大小便秘赤，饮水不止，有下证者，宜服之。
川芎（半两） 黑牵牛（半两，半生半熟炒） 大黄（一两，酒蒸） 甘草（二钱半，炙）
上为细末，稀糊和丸麻子大。二岁每服十丸，温蜜水下，乳后服。以溏利为度，未利，加丸数。
〔《活》〕头额痛，身体发热，大便黄赤，腹中有热，四顺散、连翘饮、三黄丸主之。（四顺饮、连翘
饮、三黄丸，并见痘门。）身体潮热，头目昏痛，心神烦躁，小便赤，大便秘，此热剧也，洗心散、调
胃承气汤主之。（洗心散，见痘门。）
头额身体温热，大便白而酸臭者，胃中有食积，双圣丸主之。（方见食癖门。）
〔洁〕如身表无大热，而小便不利，是有湿热结膀胱，仍用胜湿药白术、茯苓之类利小便，则其热自退。
〔云〕小儿伤寒，烦热，小便赤涩，大便褐色，面赤热者，导赤散。
〔钱〕伤风兼藏∶兼心，则惊悸；兼肺，则闷乱喘息，哽气，长出气，嗽；兼肾，则畏明。各随补母，藏
虚见故也。
伤风手足冷，脾脏怯也。当先和脾，后发散。和脾，益黄散；发散，大青膏主之。（此治阴厥有汗，
脉沉微者。若阳厥无汗，脉沉滑者，不宜此法，宜大承气汤而加腻粉。）
伤风自利，脾脏虚怯也。当补脾，后发散。补脾，益黄散；发散，大青膏主之。未瘥，调中丸主之。有下
证，大黄丸下之，后服温惊丸。
伤风腹胀，脾脏虚也。当补肺，必不喘，后发散，仍补脾也。去胀，塌气丸主之；发散，大青膏主之。
伤风吐泻。（治见吐泻门。治吐泻，用益黄散、白术散；发散，用大青膏。）
〔汤〕治夹惊伤寒，热极生风，薄荷散。
薄荷叶（半两） 羌活 全蝎 麻黄（去节） 甘草（半分） 天竺黄 僵蚕 白附子（炮。各一分）
上为细末，每服一钱，水小半盏，煎至三分，加竹沥少许妙。
〔云〕小儿表伤寒，则皮肤闭而为热。盛即生风，欲为惊搐。血气未实，不能胜邪，故发搐也。大小便根据
度，口中气热，当发之，宜大青膏。
肺盛，复有风冷，则胸满短气，气急，喘嗽，上气。当先散肺，后发散风冷。散肺，泻白散；散风，大青
膏主之。若止伤寒，则不胸满。
肾虚则畏明，宜补肾地黄丸。（有表者，间用大青膏发散之。）
伤风，下后虚热，以药下之太过，胃中虚热，饮水无力，当生胃中津液，多服白术散。小儿结热于内，口
干而渴，身黄体重者，宜白术散。
〔汤〕伤寒发渴，宜白虎汤。
〔洁〕大热饮水，能食不大便，用大黄丸作散服之。
上三方，白术散治虚渴，为下后而食少胃虚者设也；白虎汤、大黄丸治实渴，为未经下而能食不大便者设也。
〔洁〕伤寒咳嗽吐清水，哽气长出气，是肺之不足也。合用阿胶散。面白如枯骨者，死不治。身热咳嗽吐
痰者，当用褊银丸。（方见咳嗽门。）
上二方治咳嗽，阿胶散治虚嗽，为哽气长出气者设也；褊银丸治实嗽，为痰盛喘满者设也。
若有表证恶风寒而嗽者，当用惺惺散、加减四君子汤、鼠粘子汤之类是也。
阴厥、阳厥。（见大法条。）
〔洁〕身大热，吐逆不止者，茯苓半夏汤。（即小半夏加茯苓汤，方见呕门。）
〔汤〕伤寒呕者，枳壳半夏汤。
枳壳 半夏（各半两）
上水一碗，姜十片，煎至小半碗。十岁以下作五服。
藿香正气散 治伤寒发呕。
藿香叶 浓朴（制） 半夏（制） 甘草（炙） 陈皮 苍术（米泔浸淘，各等分）
上 咀，每服二钱，水半盏，姜三片，枣一枚，煎至二分，去渣温服。
〔洁〕大吐者，当下之，白饼子、珍珠丸、消积丸。（三方俱见癖门）潮热，有时胸满短气，呕吐者，
桃枝丸。（方见小儿积热门。）
上七方，治伤寒呕吐。前二方治痰饮而吐，中一方治有表而吐，后四方治有里而吐。其桃枝丸
治里热而吐，余二方治表寒而吐也。
〔汤〕伤寒自汗，当补虚和阴阳，小建中汤减桂，加黄 、人参、地黄。
黄 （一两） 白芍（三两） 甘草 人参 熟地（各半两）
上 咀，每二钱，水半盏，煎至三分，去渣服。
小儿伤寒形症∶头痛 体痛 鼻塞或流涕 喉内喘息 两手脉洪数 颊赤眼涩 身上寒毛起 口鼻出水
眼赤黄 口干涩 咳嗽 山根青色 喷嚏
〔《活》〕头目疼痛，而畏人恶寒者，此伤寒证也。
〔云〕设令小儿卒暴身壮热恶寒，四肢冷，或耳尻冷，鼻气热，为斑疹也，与伤寒表证相似。此胎气始发，
自内之外，若与伤寒表证同治者误也，当作斑疹治之。
【张元素】伤寒表里攻发，有表证且恶风、恶寒的，应当用发表法治疗。（张元素的学生海藏云：恶风的，用白术散；恶寒的，用神术汤。）如果气盛能食，不大便，没有表证的，可以攻下里实。春季主生发，属木。身体温热，应当发汗。（海藏云：神术汤。）夏季主生长，属火。身体发热而烦躁，应当大发散。（海藏云：神术加黄芩汤。）长夏主化育，属土，以及处于四季交替之时相同，应当调理饮食。（海藏云：四君子汤。）秋季主收敛，属金。身体凉爽内部温暖，应当轻微通下。（海藏云：通膈丸、金花丸。）冬季主闭藏，属水。身体发热而恶寒，是热在体表而寒在体内；身体寒冷而恶热，是热在体内而寒在体表。（海藏云：热在体内的用调胃承气汤，寒在体内的用调中汤丸。）
【张元素】凡是伤寒，应当根据四季变化，阴阳升降，逆顺刚柔来施治法。气机升浮则顺势发散它，气机收藏则向下攻逐它。有汗，发热，恶风，脉浮缓的，是风邪伤及卫分，用桂枝汤。无汗，发热，恶寒，不吹风却自然憎寒，脉浮紧的，是寒邪伤及营分，用麻黄汤。有汗发热恶风，脉浮紧；或无汗发热恶寒，脉浮缓的，称为营卫俱伤，用青龙桂枝麻黄各半汤。无汗，发热但不恶风寒，脉沉洪的，可以攻下。还要详细辨认是否有四肢厥冷，衡量寒热的深浅来治疗。有汗，四肢厥冷，脉沉微的，名叫阴厥，用四逆汤。无汗，四肢厥冷，脉沉微的，名叫阳厥，用大承气汤加腻粉。如果四肢不厥冷，身体发热，内外皆属阳，未动三焦，宜用凉药三五服攻下之。黄芩甘草汤、黄芩白术汤、黄芩苍术汤、黄芩栀子汤、连翘饮子、小柴胡汤、八正散、凉膈散、白虎汤、五黄散。这些是上中下三焦的药，宜选用。中暑脉虚，都恶寒自汗而口渴的，用白虎汤。身体凉爽脉紧，热在体内的，急当攻下，症状如口燥咽干，不大便是也。无汗，身体大热的，可发汗，用升麻汤、大青膏、天麻膏。有汗，身体大热的，桂枝汤、惺惺散、解肌汤、小柴胡汤、白术防风汤可选用。发汗者，要量四时暄暑燥湿风寒，各自顺应春凉夏寒秋温冬热的规律来发汗。
【钱乙】伤风贪睡，口中气热，呵欠烦闷，应当发散，给大青膏。这是表证。（张元素补遗云：小儿外感于风寒，拘急呵欠，烦闷，皮毛涩，口中气热的，应当发散。秋冬用温热药，春夏用凉寒药。）
大青膏
天麻（一钱） 白附子（生，一钱半） 蝎尾（去毒，生，半钱） 朱砂（研，一字匕） 青黛（一钱，研）
天竺黄（一字匕研） 麝香（一字匕） 乌梢蛇肉（酒浸，焙干取末，半两）
以上同研细，生蜜和成膏，每服半皂子大，或一皂子大。月龄小的婴儿，如粳米大，同牛黄膏、薄荷水化开一处服之。五岁以上，同甘露散服。
雄黄膏 治伤风温壮热引饮。
雄黄（小枣大，研，萝卜根水并醋一大盏煮尽） 甘草末 川甜硝（各三钱） 寒水石（研细，五钱匕）
脑子（一字匕） 朱砂（五分）
以上研匀，炼蜜成膏，薄荷汤化下半皂子大。
上述大青膏，发散贪睡，口气热，呵欠烦闷，表症者，是给三岁以下小儿，不能说话的设制的。
【《活幼心书》】寻常风壅发热，鼻涕痰嗽烦渴，用惺惺散主治，（方见疟疾门。）
【王海藏】伤寒、时气、风热，痰壅咳嗽，及气不和的，四君子汤加细辛、栝蒌、桔梗各一分，生姜、薄荷煎。或加防风、川芎各一分。内有寒，及遇天寒欲发散的，则去栝蒌，加桔梗。多虚汗，夜啼的，加麦门冬。伤风身热头痛气促的，四君子汤加川芎、防风等分，细辛、羌活减半，同煎。
【庞安常】人参羌活散 治小儿寒邪，及瘟气时疫，疮疹，头痛体疼，壮热，多眠不语，潮热烦渴，痰实咳嗽。
羌活 独活 柴胡 人参 川芎 枳壳（炒） 甘草（炙。各二两） 前胡 桔梗 天麻（酒浸，炙）
地骨皮（各半两） 白茯苓（去皮，二两）
以上为散，每服二钱，水一盏，入薄荷少许，同煎，去渣温服，不拘时候。
七宝散 治时气，头昏体热，小儿同乳母服，大人亦可。
紫苏叶 香附（炒。各三两） 陈皮 甘草（炙） 桔梗 白芷 川芎（各一两）
以上切碎，姜、枣煎服。
【王海藏】麻黄黄芩汤 治小儿伤寒无汗，头痛，身热恶寒。
麻黄 赤芍 黄芩（半两） 甘草 桂枝（各二钱半）
以上为粗末，水煎服。
升麻黄芩汤 治伤风有汗，头疼，发热恶风。
升麻 葛根 黄芩 芍药（各五钱半） 甘草（一钱半）
以上切碎，每服二钱，水煎温服。
上述惺惺散等药，发散头痛、发热、恶风寒表证者，是给三岁以上小儿能说话的设制的。能说话，所以头疼、恶风寒可以问而知晓。前五方通治有汗无汗、恶风恶寒，第五方治无汗恶寒，第六方治有汗恶风。
【钱乙】给大青膏不解散，有下证当下，用大黄丸主治。大热饮水不止而善食的，可微下，其余不可下。（此里症也。《洁古补遗》云：大热、饮水、能食、不大便，用大黄丸作散子与服之。如清便自调，慎不可妄下，恐外热逐于内而变结胸，危证多矣。）
大黄丸 治风热里实，口中气热，大小便秘赤，饮水不止，有下证的，宜服之。
川芎（半两） 黑牵牛（半两，半生半熟炒） 大黄（一两，酒蒸） 甘草（二钱半，炙）
以上为细末，稀糊和丸麻子大。二岁每服十丸，温蜜水下，乳后服。以溏利为度，未利，加丸数。
【《活幼心书》】头额痛，身体发热，大便黄赤，腹中有热，四顺散、连翘饮、三黄丸主治。（四顺饮、连翘饮、三黄丸，并见痘疹门。）身体潮热，头目昏痛，心神烦躁，小便赤，大便秘，此热剧也，洗心散、调胃承气汤主治。（洗心散，见痘疹门。）
头额身体温热，大便白而酸臭的，胃中有食积，双圣丸主治。（方见食癖门。）
【张元素】如身表无大热，而小便不利，是有湿热结膀胱，仍用胜湿药白术、茯苓之类利小便，则其热自退。
【庞安常】小儿伤寒，烦热，小便赤涩，大便褐色，面赤热的，导赤散。
【钱乙】伤风兼脏：兼心，则惊悸；兼肺，则闷乱喘息，哽气，长出气，嗽；兼肾，则畏明。各随补母，脏虚见故也。
伤风手足冷，脾脏怯也。当先和脾，后发散。和脾，益黄散；发散，大青膏主治。（此治阴厥有汗，脉沉微者。若阳厥无汗，脉沉滑者，不宜此法，宜大承气汤而加腻粉。）
伤风自利，脾脏虚怯也。当补脾，后发散。补脾，益黄散；发散，大青膏主治。未瘥，调中丸主治。有下证，大黄丸下之，后服温惊丸。
伤风腹胀，脾脏虚也。当补肺，必不喘，后发散，仍补脾也。去胀，塌气丸主治；发散，大青膏主治。
伤风吐泻。（治见吐泻门。治吐泻，用益黄散、白术散；发散，用大青膏。）
【汤氏】治夹惊伤寒，热极生风，薄荷散。
薄荷叶（半两） 羌活 全蝎 麻黄（去节） 甘草（半分） 天竺黄 僵蚕 白附子（炮。各一分）
以上为细末，每服一钱，水小半盏，煎至三分，加竹沥少许妙。
【庞安常】小儿表伤寒，则皮肤闭而为热。盛即生风，欲为惊搐。血气未实，不能胜邪，故发搐也。大小便根据度，口中气热，当发之，宜大青膏。
肺盛，复有风冷，则胸满短气，气急，喘嗽，上气。当先散肺，后发散风冷。散肺，泻白散；散风，大青膏主治。若止伤寒，则不胸满。
伤风，下后虚热，以药下之太过，胃中虚热，饮水无力，当生胃中津液，多服白术散。小儿结热于内，口干而渴，身黄体重者，宜白术散。
上述三方，白术散治虚渴，为下后而食少胃虚者设也；白虎汤、大黄丸治实渴，为未经下而能食不大便者设也。
【张元素】伤寒咳嗽吐清水，哽气长出气，是肺之不足也。合用阿胶散。面白如枯骨的，死不治。身热咳嗽吐痰的，当用褊银丸。（方见咳嗽门。）
上述二方治咳嗽，阿胶散治虚嗽，为哽气长出气者设也；褊银丸治实嗽，为痰盛喘满者设也。
若有表证恶风寒而嗽的，当用惺惺散、加减四君子汤、鼠粘子汤之类是也。
【张元素】身大热，吐逆不止的，茯苓半夏汤。（即小半夏加茯苓汤，方见呕吐门。）
【汤氏】伤寒呕的，枳壳半夏汤。
枳壳 半夏（各半两）
以上水一碗，姜十片，煎至小半碗。十岁以下作五服。
藿香正气散 治伤寒发呕。
藿香叶 浓朴（制） 半夏（制） 甘草（炙） 陈皮 苍术（米泔浸淘，各等分）
以上切碎，每服二钱，水半盏，姜三片，枣一枚，煎至二分，去渣温服。
【张元素】大吐的，当下之，白饼子、珍珠丸、消积丸。（三方俱见癖积门）潮热，有时胸满短气，呕吐的，桃枝丸。（方见小儿积热门。）
上述七方，治伤寒呕吐。前二方治痰饮而吐，中一方治有表而吐，后四方治有里而吐。其桃枝丸治里热而吐，余二方治表寒而吐也。
【汤氏】伤寒自汗，当补虚和阴阳，小建中汤减桂，加黄芪、人参、地黄。
黄芪（一两） 白芍（三两） 甘草 人参 熟地（各半两）
以上切碎，每二钱，水半盏，煎至三分，去渣服。
小儿伤寒形症：头痛 体痛 鼻塞或流涕 喉内喘息 两手脉洪数 颊赤眼涩 身上寒毛起 口鼻出水 眼赤黄 口干涩 咳嗽 山根青色 喷嚏
【庞安常】设令小儿卒暴身壮热恶寒，四肢冷，或耳尻冷，鼻气热，为斑疹也，与伤寒表证相似。此胎气始发，自内之外，若与伤寒表证同治者误也，当作斑疹治之。
[Zhang Yuansu] In the attack and eruption of cold damage (Shanghan) involving exterior and interior, if there are exterior symptoms such as aversion to wind and aversion to cold, one should employ the method of releasing the exterior. (Haizang said: For aversion to wind, use Baizhu San; for aversion to cold, use Shenzhu Tang.) If qi is abundant, appetite is good, there is constipation, and no exterior symptoms exist, one may purge the interior excess. Spring governs growth and belongs to Wood. The body feels warm; sweating should be induced. (Haizang said: Shenzhu Tang.) Summer governs flourishing and belongs to Fire. The body is hot with restlessness; a strong diaphoretic treatment is combined. (Haizang said: Shenzhu Tang plus Huangqin Decoction.) Late summer governs transformation and belongs to Earth, similar to the transition periods between seasons; dietary regulation should be employed. (Haizang said: Sijunzi Tang.) Autumn governs gathering and belongs to Metal. The body feels cool internally warm; mild purgation is appropriate. (Haizang said: Tongge Wan, Jinhua Wan.) Winter governs storage and belongs to Water. Body heat with aversion to cold indicates heat on the exterior and cold in the interior; body coldness with aversion to heat indicates heat in the interior and cold on the exterior. (Haizang said: For heat in the interior, use Tiaowei Chengqi Tang; for cold in the interior, use Tiaozhong Tang/Wan.)
[Zhang Yuansu] Generally, for cold damage, treatment methods should be applied according to the four seasons, the ascending and descending of yin and yang, and their reversal, smoothness, rigidity, and softness. When qi ascends and floats, it should be diffused along its course; when qi stores and collects, it should be directed downward. With sweating, fever, aversion to wind, and a floating-slow pulse, wind has injured the Wei (Defensive) level; Guizhi Tang is used. Without sweating, with fever, aversion to cold, spontaneous aversion to cold even without exposure to wind, and a floating-tight pulse, cold has injured the Ying (Nutritive) level; Mahuang Tang is used. With sweating, fever, aversion to wind, and a floating-tight pulse; or without sweating, with fever, aversion to cold, and a floating-slow pulse, this is called simultaneous injury to Ying and Wei; Qinglong Guizhi Mahuang Gehan Tang is used. Without sweating, with fever but no aversion to wind or cold, and a deep-rapid pulse, purgation is possible. One must further carefully distinguish the presence or absence of cold extremities and treat based on the depth and severity of cold and heat. With sweating, cold extremities, and a deep-micro pulse, it is named Yin Jue (Yin Cold Extremity); Sini Tang is used. Without sweating, with cold extremities and a deep-micro pulse, it is named Yang Jue (Yang Cold Extremity); Dachengqi Tang plus Nifen is used. If extremities are not cold, the body is hot, both interior and exterior belong to Yang, and the Sanjiao (Triple Burner) is not disturbed, cooling medicines should be taken for three to five doses: Huangqin Gancao Tang, Huangqin Baizhu Tang, Huangqin Cangzhu Tang, Huangqin Zhizi Tang, Lianqiao Yinzi, Xiaochaihu Tang, Bazheng San, Liangge San, Baihu Tang, Wuhuang San. These are medicines for the upper, middle, and lower Sanjiao, which should be selected appropriately. For heatstroke with a deficient pulse, all presenting with aversion to cold, spontaneous sweating, and thirst, Baihu Tang is used. If the body is cool with a tight pulse and heat is in the interior, urgent purgation is required; symptoms include dry mouth and throat, and constipation. Without sweating, with high body heat, sweating can be induced using Shengma Tang, Daqing Gao, or Tianma Gao. With sweating, with high body heat, Guizhi Tang, Xingxing San, Jiexi Tang, Xiaochaihu Tang, or Baizhu Fangfeng Tang can be selected. For inducing sweating, one must consider the warmth, heat, dryness, dampness, wind, and cold of the four seasons, and induce sweating according to the principles of spring coolness, summer coldness, autumn warmth, and winter heat.
[Qian Yi] Wind injury with drowsiness, hot breath from the mouth, yawning, and restlessness should be treated by dispersing the exterior, giving Daqing Gao. This is an exterior syndrome. (Jiegu's Supplement says: When children are externally affected by wind and cold, presenting with stiffness, yawning, restlessness, rough skin and hair, and hot breath, the exterior should be dispersed. Use warm-hot medicines in autumn and winter, and cool-cold medicines in spring and summer.)
Daqing Gao
Tianma (1 qian), Baifuzi (raw, 1.5 qian), Xiewei (de-venomed, raw, 0.5 qian), Zhusha (ground, one character spoonful), Qingdai (1 qian, ground), Tianzhuhuang (one character spoonful, ground), Shexiang (one character spoonful), Wushaoshe Rou (soaked in wine, baked dry, powdered, 0.5 liang).
Grind all together into fine powder, mix with raw honey to form a paste. Each dose is half the size of a soap bean or one soap bean. For infants under one month, the size of a rice grain, mixed with Niuhuang Gao and mint water to dissolve and administer. For those over five years old, take with Ganlu San.
Xionghuang Gao Treats wind injury with warm-high fever and excessive drinking.
Xionghuang (size of a small date, ground, boiled until liquid is absorbed in radish root water and vinegar, 1 large cup), Gancao Powder, Chuantianxiao (each 3 qian), Hanshuishi (ground fine, 5 character spoonfuls), Naobi (one character spoonful), Zhusha (0.5 fen).
Grind evenly, refine with honey to form a paste. Dissolve half a soap bean size in mint soup.
The aforementioned Daqing Gao is designed for children under three years old who cannot speak, to disperse drowsiness, hot breath, yawning, restlessness, and exterior syndromes.
[Huoyou Xinshu] For ordinary wind-phlegm obstruction with fever, runny nose, phlegmy cough, and thirst, Xingxing San is the main prescription. (Formula seen in Malaria section.)
[Wang Haicang] For cold damage, seasonal epidemic, wind-heat, phlegm obstruction with cough, and disharmony of qi, add Xixin, Gualou, and Jiegeng (each 1 fen) to Sijunzi Tang, decoct with Shengjiang and Bohe. Or add Fangfeng and Chuanxiong (each 1 fen). If there is internal cold, or in cold weather requiring exterior dispersion, remove Gualou and add Jiegeng. For frequent deficiency sweating and night crying, add Maidong. For wind injury with body heat, headache, and rapid breathing, add Chuanxiong and Fangfeng in equal parts to Sijunzi Tang, reduce Xixin and Qianghuo by half, and decoct together.
[Huoyou Xinshu] For throat discomfort and phlegm-excess cough, Niuzibang Zi Tang is used.
[Pang Anchang] Renshen Qianghuo San treats pediatric cold pathogen, plague qi and seasonal epidemics, rash, headache and body pain, high fever, excessive sleepiness and muteness, tidal fever with irritability and thirst, and phlegm-excess cough.
Qianghuo, Duhuo, Chaihu, Renshen, Chuanxiong, Zhike (stir-fried), Gancao (honey-fried, each 2 liang), Qianhu, Jiegeng, Tianma (wine-soaked, fried), Digupi (each 0.5 liang), Baifuling (peeled, 2 liang).
Pulverize. Each dose 2 qian, decoct with 1 cup water and a little Bohe, strain and take warm, at any time.
Qibao San treats seasonal epidemics, dizziness and body heat. Children take it with their nursing mothers; adults may also take it.
Zisuye, Xiangfu (stir-fried, each 3 liang), Chenpi, Gancao (honey-fried), Jiegeng, Baizhi, Chuanxiong (each 1 liang).
Cut into pieces, decoct with Shengjiang and Dazao.
[Wang Haicang] Mahuang Huangqin Tang treats pediatric cold damage without sweating, headache, body heat, and aversion to cold.
Mahuang, Chishao, Huangqin (0.5 liang), Gancao, Guizhi (each 2.5 qian).
Make into coarse powder, decoct with water and take.
Shengma Huangqin Tang treats wind injury with sweating, headache, fever, and aversion to wind.
Shengma, Gegen, Huangqin, Shaoyao (each 5.5 qian), Gancao (1.5 qian).
Cut into pieces, each dose 2 qian, decoct with water and take warm.
The aforementioned Xingxing San and other medicines are designed for children over three years old who can speak, to disperse headache, fever, and aversion to wind/cold exterior syndromes. Since they can speak, headache and aversion to wind/cold can be known through inquiry. The first five formulas generally treat sweating/no sweating, aversion to wind/aversion to cold; the fifth formula treats no sweating with aversion to cold; the sixth formula treats sweating with aversion to wind.
[Qian Yi] If Daqing Gao does not resolve the condition and there are signs for purgation, purge using Dahuang Wan. For high fever, incessant drinking, and good appetite, mild purgation is allowed; otherwise, do not purge. (This is an interior syndrome. Jiegu's Supplement says: For high fever, drinking, good appetite, and constipation, use Dahuang Wan as a powder. If stool and urine are normal, strictly avoid reckless purgation, lest external heat drives inward causing Jie Xiong [chest binding], leading to many critical conditions.)
Dahuang Wan Treats wind-heat interior excess, hot breath, dark and constipated stool, incessant drinking, and signs for purgation.
Chuanxiong (0.5 liang), Heiqianniu (0.5 liang, half raw half stir-fried), Dahuang (1 liang, steamed in wine), Gancao (2.5 qian, honey-fried).
Make into fine powder, bind with thin starch paste into pills the size of sesame seeds. Two-year-olds take 10 pills each time with warm honey water after milk feeding. Stop when loose stools occur; if not, increase pill count.
[Huoyou Xinshu] For forehead pain, body fever, yellow-red stool, and abdominal heat, Sishun San, Lianqiao Yin, and Sanhuang Wan are used. (Sishun Yin, Lianqiao Yin, Sanhuang Wan are seen in the Rash section.) For tidal fever, dizzy/head pain, mental restlessness, red urine, and constipation, this is severe heat; Xixin San and Tiaowei Chengqi Tang are used. (Xixin San is seen in the Rash section.)
For forehead and body warmth, white and sour-smelling stool, indicating food stagnation in the stomach, Shuangsheng Wan is used. (Formula seen in Food Stagnation section.)
[Zhang Yuansu] If there is no significant heat on the body surface but urination is difficult, it is damp-heat binding in the Bladder. Continue using damp-dispelling medicines like Baizhu and Fuling to promote urination, then the heat will subside naturally.
[Pang Anchang] For pediatric cold damage with irritability and heat, red and scanty urine, brown stool, and red-hot face, Daochi San is used.
[Qian Yi] Wind injury affecting viscera: affecting Heart leads to palpitations and fright; affecting Lung leads to chest oppression, panting, choking gasps, long sighs, and cough; affecting Kidney leads to photophobia. Treat by tonifying the mother organ, as these are manifestations of visceral deficiency.
Wind injury with cold hands and feet indicates Spleen deficiency. First harmonize the Spleen, then disperse the exterior. Harmonize Spleen: Yihuang San; Disperse Exterior: Daqing Gao. (This treats Yin Jue with sweating and deep-micro pulse. If Yang Jue without sweating and deep-slippery pulse, this method is unsuitable; use Dachengqi Tang plus Nifen.)
Wind injury with spontaneous diarrhea indicates Spleen deficiency and timidity. Tonify the Spleen, then disperse the exterior. Tonify Spleen: Yihuang San; Disperse Exterior: Daqing Gao. If not cured, use Tiaozhong Wan. If signs for purgation exist, purge with Dahuang Wan, then take Wenjing Wan.
Wind injury with abdominal distension indicates Spleen deficiency. Tonify the Lung (ensure no wheezing), then disperse the exterior, and still tonify the Spleen. Remove distension: Taqi Wan; Disperse Exterior: Daqing Gao.
Wind injury with vomiting and diarrhea. (Treatment seen in Vomiting/Diarrhea section. For vomiting/diarrhea, use Yihuang San, Baizhu San; for dispersing exterior, use Daqing Gao.)
[Tang Shi] Treats cold damage complicated by fright, where extreme heat generates wind, Bohe San is used.
Bohe Ye (0.5 liang), Qianghuo, Quanxie, Mahuang (remove joints), Gancao (0.5 fen), Tianzhuhuang, Jiangcan, Baifuzi (fried, each 1 fen).
Make into fine powder. Each dose 1 qian, decoct with half a small cup water to one-third volume, add a little Zhuli (bamboo sap) for best effect.
[Pang Anchang] When children have exterior cold damage, skin pores close causing heat. If severe, wind generates, leading to fright and convulsions. Blood and qi are not yet solid, unable to overcome pathogens, hence convulsions occur. If bowel movements and urination are normal, and breath is hot, the exterior should be dispersed using Daqing Gao.
If Lung is excessive and exposed to wind-cold, chest fullness, shortness of breath, rapid breathing, wheezing cough, and upward rushing qi occur. First disperse Lung, then disperse wind-cold. Disperse Lung: Xiebai San; Disperse Wind: Daqing Gao. If only cold damage, there is no chest fullness.
Kidney deficiency leads to photophobia; use Bushen Dihuang Wan. (If exterior signs exist, occasionally use Daqing Gao to disperse.)
Wind injury with deficiency heat after purgation, caused by excessive purging, results in stomach deficiency heat and inability to drink water effectively. Generate stomach fluids by taking more Baizhu San. For children with internal heat binding, dry mouth/thirst, yellow body, and heavy weight, Baizhu San is suitable.
[Tang Shi] For cold damage with thirst, Baihu Tang is suitable.
[Zhang Yuansu] For high fever, drinking, good appetite, and constipation, use Dahuang Wan as a powder.
The above three formulas: Baizhu San treats deficiency thirst, designed for those with reduced appetite and stomach deficiency after purgation; Baihu Tang and Dahuang Wan treat excess thirst, designed for those who have not been purged, have good appetite, and constipation.
[Zhang Yuansu] Cold damage with cough and spitting clear fluid, choking gasps, and long sighs indicates Lung insufficiency. Aojiao San should be used. If the face is pale like withered bone, it is incurable death. For body heat, cough, and spitting phlegm, Pianyin Wan should be used. (Formula seen in Cough section.)
The above two formulas treat cough: Aojiao San treats deficiency cough, designed for those with choking gasps and long sighs; Pianyin Wan treats excess cough, designed for those with heavy phlegm and wheezing/fullness.
If there are exterior symptoms with aversion to wind/cold and cough, use Xingxing San, Modified Sijunzi Tang, or Niuzibang Zi Tang.
Yin Jue, Yang Jue. (See General Principles section.)
[Zhang Yuansu] For high body heat and incessant vomiting/regurgitation, Fuling Banxia Tang is used. (Also known as Xiao Banxia plus Fuling Tang, see Vomiting section.)
[Tang Shi] For cold damage with vomiting, Zhike Banxia Tang.
Zhike, Banxia (each 0.5 liang).
Decoct 1 cup water with 10 slices of ginger to half a cup. Divide into 5 doses for children under ten years old.
Huoxiang Zhengqi San treats cold damage with vomiting.
Huoxiang Ye, Houpo (processed), Banxia (processed), Gancao (honey-fried), Chenpi, Cangzhu (soaked/washed in rice water, equal parts).
Cut into pieces. Each dose 2 qian, decoct with half cup water, 3 slices ginger, 1 jujube, to two-fifths volume, strain and take warm.
[Zhang Yuansu] For severe vomiting, purge using Baixia Zi, Zhenzhu Wan, Xiaoji Wan. (All three formulas seen in Mass section.) For tidal fever, occasional chest fullness and shortness of breath, and vomiting, Taozhi Wan is used. (Formula seen in Pediatric Accumulation Heat section.)
The above seven formulas treat cold damage vomiting. The first two treat vomiting due to phlegm-fluid retention; the middle one treats vomiting with exterior signs; the latter four treat vomiting with interior signs. Taozhi Wan treats vomiting due to interior heat; the remaining two treat vomiting due to exterior cold.
[Tang Shi] For cold damage with spontaneous sweating, tonify deficiency and harmonize yin and yang. Use Xiaojianzhong Tang minus Guizhi, plus Huangqi, Renshen, and Shudi.
Huangqi (1 liang), Shaoyao (3 liang), Gancao, Renshen, Shudi (each 0.5 liang).
Cut into pieces. Each dose 2 qian, decoct with half cup water to one-third volume, strain and take.
Pediatric cold damage signs/symptoms: Headache, body pain, nasal congestion or runny nose, wheezing in throat, surging-rapid pulse in both wrists, red cheeks and dry eyes, goosebumps on body, fluid from mouth/nose, red/yellow eyes, dry/stiff mouth, cough, blue color at Shan Gen (root of nose), sneezing.
[Huoyou Xinshu] For head/eye pain, fear of people, and aversion to cold, this is a cold damage syndrome.
[Pang Anchang] Even if children suddenly present with high fever, aversion to cold, cold limbs, or cold ears/buttocks, and hot nasal breath, resembling exterior cold damage, this is actually Maculae/Rash (Ban Zhen). This is the initial onset of fetal qi manifesting from inside out. Treating it identically to exterior cold damage is an error; it should be treated as Maculae/Rash.