〔《难》〕肝外证，面青，善洁，善怒。（十六难）
运气 面尘有二∶
一曰燥金制肝。经云∶阳明司天，燥淫所胜，民病嗌干面尘。又云∶阳明在泉，燥淫所胜，病嗌干面尘。
又云∶金郁之发，嗌干面尘，宜治以湿剂是也。
二曰火。经云∶少阳之复，厥气上行，面如浮尘，目乃 ，治以寒剂是也。
针灸 面尘皆取肝胆二经。经云∶肝足厥阴之脉是动，病甚则嗌干面尘脱色。又云∶胆足少阳之脉是动，
病甚则面微有尘，皆视盛虚热寒陷下取之也。
〔《难》〕心外证，面赤，口干，善笑。（十六难）
〔垣〕面赤为邪气怫郁在经，宜表不宜下。
仲景云∶下利脉沉而迟，其人面赤，身有微热，下利清谷者，以郁冒汗出而解，此面赤亦表而解也。
运气 面赤皆属寒。经云∶太阳司天，寒淫所胜，民病面赤目黄，治以热剂是也。
针灸 面赤皆取心主。经云∶心主手厥阴之脉是动，则病面赤目黄，视盛虚热寒陷下取之也。
（治法见黄胆门）
〔《难》〕脾外证，面黄，善噫，善思，善味。（十六难）
〔《素》〕阳明经终者，口目动作，善惊，妄言，色黄。（诊要经终篇）
〔《难》〕肺外证，面白，善嚏，悲愁不乐，欲哭。（十六难）
血脱者色白，夭然不泽，其脉空虚。（全文见治虚实法。）
〔垣〕巴戟丸 治肺病，面白不悦，则为脱气脱血，脱津脱液，脱精脱神。（方见梦遗。）
脉紧者，寒也。或面白善嚏，或面色恶，皆寒也。以羌活、防风、甘草、 本四味泻足太阳，少加附子以
通其脉，面色恶悲恐者，更加桂、附。
太阳终者戴眼，反折螈 ，其色白，绝汗出。
少阳终者耳聋，百节皆纵，目HT 绝系，其色青白。（以上全文见诊生死法。）
【《难经》】肝的外在证候，表现为面色发青，爱干净，易怒。（出自第十六难）
运气学说中，面如蒙尘有两种情况：
一是燥金克制肝木。医经说：当阳明司天之年，燥气过盛，百姓会患病出现咽喉干燥、面色如蒙灰尘。又说：当阳明在泉之年，燥气过盛，也会病见咽喉干燥、面色如蒙灰尘。
又说：当金气郁结而发作时，会出现咽喉干燥、面色如蒙灰尘，适宜用湿剂来治疗。
二是火邪。医经说：少阳相火复气之时，厥逆之气上行，面色如同浮尘，眼睛视物不清（原文缺字，据理补为“不明”或类似含义），适宜用寒剂来治疗。
针灸治疗方面，面如蒙尘都取肝胆二经的穴位。医经说：足厥阴肝经发生病变，病情严重时会出现咽喉干燥、面色如蒙灰尘、面色枯槁无华。又说：足少阳胆经发生病变，病情严重时面色微现如蒙灰尘，都要根据脉象的盛衰、虚实、热寒以及陷下等情况来选取穴位进行治疗。
【《难经》】心的外在证候，表现为面色发红，口干，爱笑。（出自第十六难）
【李东垣】面色发红是因为邪气怫郁在经络，应当采用解表法而不宜用攻下法。
张仲景说：腹泻且脉象沉迟，病人面色发红，身体有轻微发热，泻下未消化的食物，这是因郁冒汗出而痊愈，这种面色发红也是通过解表而治愈的。
运气学说中，面色发红都属于寒证。医经说：当太阳寒水司天之年，寒气过盛，百姓会患病出现面色发红、目黄，适宜用热剂来治疗。
针灸治疗方面，面色发红都取心包经（心主）。医经说：手厥阴心包经发生病变，就会出现面色发红、目黄，要根据脉象的盛衰、虚实、热寒以及陷下等情况来选取穴位进行治疗。
（治疗方法参见黄疸门）
【《难经》】脾的外在证候，表现为面色发黄，容易嗳气，多思虑，味觉敏感。（出自第十六难）
【《素问》】阳明经气终结时，口眼歪斜抽动，易受惊吓，胡言乱语，面色发黄。（出自《诊要经终篇》）
【《难经》】肺的外在证候，表现为面色苍白，爱打喷嚏，悲伤忧愁不快乐，想哭。（出自第十六难）
血脱的病人面色苍白，干枯无光泽，脉象空虚。（全文详见治虚实法章节。）
【李东垣】巴戟丸治疗肺病，面色苍白且不悦，这属于脱气、脱血、脱津、脱液、脱精、脱神。（方剂详见梦遗门。）
脉紧的，是寒证。或者面色苍白爱打喷嚏，或者面色晦暗难看，都是寒证。用羌活、防风、甘草、藁本四味药泻足太阳膀胱经之邪，稍加附子以通其脉；如果面色晦暗且伴有悲恐情绪，再加肉桂、附子。
太阳经气终结时，眼球上翻，角弓反张抽搐，面色苍白，绝汗出。
少阳经气终结时，耳聋，全身关节松弛无力，目系断绝，面色青白。（以上全文详见诊生死法章节。）
[From *Nan Jing*] The external manifestations of the Liver include a bluish complexion, fastidiousness, and irritability. (Chapter 16)
Regarding Yunqi (Five Movements and Six Qi) theory, a dusty-looking complexion arises from two causes:
First, Dryness Metal restraining Liver Wood. The classics state: When Yangming governs the year, excessive Dryness causes the people to suffer from dry throat and a dusty-looking complexion. It also states: When Yangming is in the lower position, excessive Dryness leads to dry throat and a dusty-looking complexion.
Furthermore, it states: When Metal Qi stagnates and erupts, symptoms include dry throat and a dusty-looking complexion; treatment should employ moistening agents.
Second, Fire. The classics state: When Shaoyang (Ministerial Fire) returns with excess, Jue (rebellious) Qi ascends upward, causing the face to appear as if covered by floating dust, and vision becomes blurred; treatment should employ cold agents.
In acupuncture therapy, a dusty-looking complexion involves selecting points from the Liver and Gallbladder meridians. The classics state: When the Foot-Jueyin Liver Meridian is disturbed, severe cases manifest as dry throat, dusty-looking complexion, and loss of luster. It also states: When the Foot-Shaoyang Gallbladder Meridian is disturbed, severe cases manifest as a slightly dusty-looking complexion. Treatment should be based on observing excess or deficiency, heat or cold, and sinking or depression to select points.
[From *Nan Jing*] The external manifestations of the Heart include a reddish complexion, dry mouth, and propensity to laugh. (Chapter 16)
[Li Dongyuan] A reddish complexion indicates pathogenic factors constrained within the meridians; surface-releasing methods are indicated, while purgative methods are contraindicated.
Zhang Zhongjing stated: In cases of diarrhea with deep and slow pulse, where the patient has a red face, slight body heat, and passes undigested food, recovery occurs through sweating due to Qi stagnation and dizziness. This type of red face is also resolved via surface-releasing methods.
In Yunqi theory, a reddish complexion belongs to Cold patterns. The classics state: When Taiyang (Cold Water) governs the year, excessive Cold causes the people to suffer from reddish complexion and yellow eyes; treatment should employ hot agents.
In acupuncture therapy, a reddish complexion involves selecting points from the Pericardium (Heart Master). The classics state: When the Hand-Jueyin Pericardium Meridian is disturbed, symptoms include reddish complexion and yellow eyes. Treatment should be based on observing excess or deficiency, heat or cold, and sinking or depression to select points.
(Treatment methods are detailed in the Jaundice section.)
[From *Nan Jing*] The external manifestations of the Spleen include a sallow complexion, frequent belching, excessive thinking, and heightened sense of taste. (Chapter 16)
[From *Su Wen*] When the Yangming Meridian Qi terminates, there is twitching of the mouth and eyes, frightfulness, delirious speech, and a sallow complexion. (From *Zhen Yao Jing Zhong Pian*)
[From *Nan Jing*] The external manifestations of the Lung include a pale complexion, frequent sneezing, sadness and sorrow, unhappiness, and a desire to cry. (Chapter 16)
In Blood depletion, the complexion is white, withered, and lacks luster, and the pulse is empty. (The full text is found in the chapter on treating Deficiency and Excess.)
[Li Dongyuan] Bajie Wan treats Lung disease characterized by a pale and unhappy complexion, which indicates depletion of Qi, Blood, Jin-Ye (Body Fluids), Essence, and Shen (Spirit). (Formula found in the Seminal Emission section.)
A tight pulse indicates Cold. Whether one has a pale complexion with frequent sneezing or a dull and ugly complexion, these are all signs of Cold. Use Qianghuo (Notopterygii Rhizoma et Radix), Fangfeng (Saposhnikoviae Radix), Gancao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma), and Gaoben (Ligustici Rhizoma et Radix) to drain the Foot-Taiyang Bladder Meridian; add a small amount of Fuzi (Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata) to unblock the pulse. If the complexion is dull accompanied by fear and dread, add Rougui (Cinnamomi Cortex) and Fuzi.
When Taiyang Meridian Qi terminates, there is retroversion of the eyes, opisthotonos with convulsions, a pale complexion, and profuse sweat of exhaustion.
When Shaoyang Meridian Qi terminates, there is deafness, flaccidity of all joints, severance of the visual axis, and a cyan-white complexion. (The full text for the above is found in the chapter on diagnosing life and death.)