鼻塞皆属肺。经云∶肺气通于鼻，肺和则鼻能知香臭矣。又云∶五气入鼻，藏于心肺，心肺有病，而鼻为
之不利也。又云∶西方白色，入通于肺，开窍于鼻，藏精于肺。又云∶肺主臭，在脏为肺，在窍为鼻是也。
〔垣〕金匮真言论云∶西方白色，入通于肺，开窍于鼻，藏精于肺。夫十二经脉三百六十五络，其气血皆
上走于面而走空窍，其精阳气上走于目而为睛，其别气走于耳而为听，其宗气出于鼻而为臭。《难经》云∶肺气
通于鼻，肺和则能知香臭矣。夫阳气宗气者，皆胃中生发之气也，其名虽异，其理则一。若因饥饱劳役，损脾
胃生发之气，既弱其营运之气，不能上升，邪塞孔窍，故鼻不利而不闻香臭也。宜养胃气，实营气，阳气宗气
上升，鼻管则通矣。又一说，《难经》云∶心主五臭，肺主诸气，鼻者肺窍，反闻香臭者，何也？盖以窍言之肺
也，以用言之心也。因卫气失守，寒邪客于头面，鼻亦受之不能为用，是不闻香臭矣。故经曰∶心肺有病，鼻
为之不利。洁古曰∶视听明而清凉，香臭辨而温暖者是也。治法宜先散寒邪，后补卫气，使心肺之气得交通，
则鼻利而闻香臭矣。
丽泽通气汤 治鼻不闻香臭。
羌活 独活 防风 升麻 葛根（各二钱） 麻黄（不去节，一钱，冬加之） 苍术（三钱） 川椒（一钱）
白芷 黄 （各四钱） 甘草（炙，二钱）
上每服一两，水二盏，生姜三片，枣二枚，葱白三寸，同煎至一盏，去渣，稍热服，食远。忌一切冷物及
风寒凉处坐卧行住。
温肺汤 治鼻不闻香臭，眼多眵泪。
升麻 黄 （各二钱） 葛根 羌活 甘草（炙） 防风（各一钱） 麻黄（四钱，不去节） 丁香（一分）
上粗末，分二服，每服水二大盏，葱白二握，同煎一盏，去渣，稍热，食远服。
御寒汤 治寒气风邪伤于皮毛，令人鼻塞，咳嗽上喘。
黄 （一钱） 人参 升麻 陈皮（各五分） 甘草（炙） 款冬花 黄柏（各二分） 佛耳草 黄连 羌活
白芷 防风（各二分） 苍术（七分）
上 咀，作一服，水二大盏，煎至一大盏，去渣，稍热服，食远。
温卫汤 治鼻不闻香臭，目中流火，气寒血热，泪多，脐下冷，阴汗，足痿弱。
黄 苍术 升麻 知母 羌活 柴胡 归身（各一钱） 人参 甘草（炙） 白芷 防风 黄柏
泽泻（各五分） 陈皮（三钱） 青皮（二钱） 木香 黄连（各三分）
上作一服，水煎，去渣温服，食远，日晴明服之。
温卫补血汤 治耳鸣，鼻不闻香臭，不知谷味，气不快，四肢困倦，行步不正，发脱落，食不下，膝冷汗，带
下，喉中 ，不得卧，口舌液干，太息，头不可以回顾，额项筋紧急痛，旋晕，眼黑，头痛，呵欠嚏喷。
升麻（四分） 柴胡 甘草（生） 甘草（炙） 地骨皮 桔梗（各三分） 生地 白术 吴茱萸 黄柏（各一分）
苍术 陈皮 王瓜根 牡丹皮（各二分） 归身（二分半） 桃仁（三个） 葵花（七朵）
上 咀，作一服，水煎去渣，稍热，食前服。
〔《外》〕治鼻塞不通。小蓟一把，水二升，煮一升，去渣分服。（本草云∶小蓟保精养血。）
〔世〕噙化荜澄茄丸 治鼻不通。
荜澄茄（五分） 薄荷叶（三钱） 荆芥穗（一钱半）
上为细末，炼蜜丸，如樱桃大。每服一丸，噙化。
〔《本》〕治鼻不闻香臭，多年者亦治。用生葱分作三段，早用葱白，午用葱管中截，晚换葱管末梢一截，
塞入鼻中，令透里方效。
〔无〕通草散 治鼻 气息不通，不闻香臭，并鼻 肉。
木通 细辛 附子（各等分）
上为末，蜜和，绵裹少许，纳鼻中。
〔世〕菖蒲散 治鼻内窒塞不通，不得喘息。
菖蒲 皂角（各等分）
上为末，每用一钱，绵裹塞鼻中，仰卧少时。
〔《玉》〕鼻闭塞不闻香臭∶迎香（一分，沿皮向上，泻多补少，忌灸） 上星（三分。）
〔《集》〕又法∶迎香、上星、合谷。三处不愈，灸人中、风府、百劳。
〔《甲》〕左窒刺右，右窒刺左，两胁下痛，泄上下出，胸满短气，不得汗，补手太阳以出之。鼻不利，
前谷主之。
鼻塞的病机均归属于肺。《内经》说：肺气通于鼻，肺气调和则鼻能辨别香臭。又说：五气入鼻，藏于心肺，心肺有病，鼻就会不通利。又说：西方对应白色，内通于肺，开窍于鼻，精气藏于肺。又说：肺主嗅觉，在脏为肺，在窍为鼻，说的就是这种情况。
〔李东垣〕《金匮真言论》说：西方对应白色，内通于肺，开窍于鼻，精气藏于肺。十二经脉三百六十五络，其气血都上行至面部并通达空窍，其中精阳之气上行至目而成为视觉，别气下行至耳而成为听觉，宗气出于鼻而成为嗅觉。《难经》说：肺气通于鼻，肺气调和就能辨别香臭。所谓阳气、宗气，都是胃中化生发出的气，名称虽然不同，道理却是一致的。如果因为饥饱失调或劳役过度，损伤了脾胃化生之气，导致营运之气虚弱，不能上升，邪气堵塞孔窍，所以鼻子不通利且闻不到香臭。应当养胃气，充实营气，使阳气、宗气上升，鼻管自然通畅。另一种说法，《难经》说：心主五臭，肺主诸气，鼻是肺之窍，为何反而由鼻来辨别香臭呢？从窍的角度说是肺，从功能的角度说是心。因卫气失守，寒邪客居于头面，鼻也受邪而不能发挥作用，所以闻不到香臭。因此经文说：心肺有病，鼻为之不利。张洁古说：视听清明而清凉，辨别香臭而温暖，指的就是这种情况。治疗方法宜先散寒邪，后补卫气，使心肺之气得以交通，则鼻窍通利并能辨别香臭。
丽泽通气汤：治疗鼻不闻香臭。
羌活、独活、防风、升麻、葛根（各二钱），麻黄（不去节，一钱，冬季加用），苍术（三钱），川椒（一钱），白芷、黄芪（各四钱），甘草（炙，二钱）。
以上药物每服一两，加水两盏，生姜三片，大枣二枚，葱白三寸，同煎至一盏，去渣，稍热服用，饭后服用。忌食一切冷物及在风寒凉处坐卧行走。
温肺汤：治疗鼻不闻香臭，眼多眵泪。
升麻、黄芪（各二钱），葛根、羌活、甘草（炙）、防风（各一钱），麻黄（四钱，不去节），丁香（一分）。
以上药物捣成粗末，分两次服用，每次加水两大盏，葱白两把，同煎至一盏，去渣，稍热，饭后服用。
御寒汤：治疗寒气风邪伤于皮毛，导致鼻塞，咳嗽气喘。
黄芪（一钱），人参、升麻、陈皮（各五分），甘草（炙），款冬花、黄柏（各二分），佛耳草、黄连、羌活、白芷、防风（各二分），苍术（七分）。
以上药物切碎，作一服，加水两大盏，煎至一大盏，去渣，稍热服用，饭后服用。
温卫汤：治疗鼻不闻香臭，眼中流火，气寒血热，泪多，脐下冷，阴汗，足痿弱。
黄芪、苍术、升麻、知母、羌活、柴胡、当归身（各一钱），人参、甘草（炙）、白芷、防风、黄柏、泽泻（各五分），陈皮（三钱），青皮（二钱），木香、黄连（各三分）。
以上药物作一服，水煎，去渣温服，饭后服用，晴天时服用。
温卫补血汤：治疗耳鸣，鼻不闻香臭，不知谷味，气机不畅，四肢困倦，行走不正，头发脱落，饮食不下，膝部冷汗，带下，喉中有痰，不能平卧，口舌干燥，叹息，头不能回顾，额项筋脉紧急疼痛，眩晕，眼前发黑，头痛，呵欠喷嚏。
升麻（四分），柴胡、甘草（生）、甘草（炙）、地骨皮、桔梗（各三分），生地、白术、吴茱萸、黄柏（各一分），苍术、陈皮、王瓜根、牡丹皮（各二分），当归身（二分半），桃仁（三个），葵花（七朵）。
以上药物切碎，作一服，水煎去渣，稍热，饭前服用。
〔《太平惠民和剂局方》〕治疗鼻塞不通。小蓟一把，加水二升，煮取一升，去渣分次服用。（《本草》说：小蓟保精养血。）
〔世传〕噙化荜澄茄丸：治疗鼻不通。
荜澄茄（五分），薄荷叶（三钱），荆芥穗（一钱半）。
以上药物研为细末，炼蜜为丸，如樱桃大。每服一丸，含化。
〔《本草纲目》〕治疗鼻不闻香臭，多年者亦治。用生葱分为三段，早上用葱白，中午用葱管中段，晚上换用葱管末梢一段，塞入鼻中，令其深入内部才有效。
〔无名师〕通草散：治疗鼻窒气息不通，不闻香臭，以及鼻息肉。
木通、细辛、附子（各等分）。
以上药物研为末，用蜂蜜调和，裹少许棉絮，纳入鼻中。
〔世传〕菖蒲散：治疗鼻内窒塞不通，不得喘息。
菖蒲、皂角（各等分）。
以上药物研为末，每次用一钱，裹棉絮塞入鼻中，仰卧片刻。
〔《玉机微义》〕鼻闭塞不闻香臭：迎香穴（进针一分，沿皮向上，泻法多补法少，忌灸），上星穴（进针三分）。
〔《针灸集成》〕又法：迎香、上星、合谷。三处无效，灸人中、风府、百劳穴。
〔《甲乙经》〕左侧鼻塞刺右侧，右侧鼻塞刺左侧；若伴有两胁下痛，泄泻上下出，胸满短气，无汗，补手太阳经以引出邪气。鼻不通利，前谷穴主治。
Nasal congestion is attributed to the Lung. The Classics state: "Lung Qi connects with the nose; when Lung Qi is harmonious, the nose can distinguish odors." It also states: "The five qi enter through the nose and are stored in the Heart and Lung. When the Heart and Lung have disease, the nose becomes obstructed." Furthermore: "The West corresponds to white, internally connecting to the Lung, opening into the nose, and storing essence in the Lung." Additionally: "The Lung governs smell; in the zang organs it is the Lung, and in the orifices it is the nose."
[Li Dongyuan] *Jingui Zhenyan Lun* (Treatise on the True Theory of the Golden Cabinet) states: "The West corresponds to white, internally connecting to the Lung, opening into the nose, and storing essence in the Lung." The twelve meridians and three hundred and sixty-five collaterals all direct their Qi and Blood upward to the face and through the orifices. Their refined Yang Qi ascends to the eyes to enable vision; their branch Qi descends to the ears to enable hearing; and their Zong Qi (Pectoral Qi) emerges from the nose to enable smell. *Nan Jing* (Classic of Difficult Issues) states: "Lung Qi connects with the nose; when Lung Qi is harmonious, one can distinguish odors." The so-called Yang Qi and Zong Qi are both Qi generated and emitted from the Stomach. Although their names differ, their principles are identical. If excessive hunger or fullness, or labor and fatigue, damage the generating Qi of the Spleen and Stomach, causing the transporting and transforming Qi to weaken and fail to ascend, pathogenic factors will block the orifices. Consequently, the nose becomes obstructed and unable to perceive odors. One should nourish Stomach Qi and consolidate Ying Qi (Nutritive Qi), allowing Yang Qi and Zong Qi to ascend, thereby unblocking the nasal passages. Another perspective: *Nan Jing* states that the Heart governs the five smells and the Lung governs all Qi. Since the nose is the orifice of the Lung, why does it perceive smells? From the perspective of the orifice, it is the Lung; from the perspective of function, it is the Heart. Due to the failure of Wei Qi (Defensive Qi) to guard, Cold Pathogens invade the head and face, affecting the nose so it cannot function, resulting in an inability to smell. Thus, the Classics say: "When the Heart and Lung have disease, the nose becomes obstructed." Zhang Jiegu said: "Clear vision and hearing imply coolness and clarity; distinguishing odors implies warmth." The treatment method should first dispel Cold Pathogens, then tonify Wei Qi, allowing the Qi of the Heart and Lung to communicate freely, thus clearing the nose and restoring the sense of smell.
**Lize Tongqi Tang** (Li Ze Ventilation Decoction): Treats nasal obstruction with loss of smell.
Qianghuo (Notopterygii Rhizoma et Radix), Duhuo (Angelicae Pubescentis Radix), Fangfeng (Saposhnikoviae Radix), Shengma (Cimicifugae Rhizoma), Gegen (Puerariae Lobatae Radix) (each 2 qian); Mahuang (Ephedrae Herba, not removing joints, 1 qian, added in winter); Cangzhu (Atractylodis Rhizoma, 3 qian); Chuanjiao (Zanthoxyli Pericarpium, 1 qian); Baizhi (Angelicae Dahuricae Radix), Huangqi (Astragali Radix) (each 4 qian); Gancao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, honey-fried, 2 qian).
Take 1 liang of these herbs per dose, add two zhan of water, three slices of Shengjiang (Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens), two dates (Jujubae Fructus), and three cun of Congbai (Allii Fistulosi Bulbus). Decoct together until one zhan remains, strain, and take slightly warm after meals. Avoid all cold foods and sitting/lying/walking in cold, windy, or cool places.
**Wenfei Tang** (Warm the Lung Decoction): Treats nasal obstruction with loss of smell, and excessive eye discharge and tearing.
Shengma (2 qian), Huangqi (2 qian); Gegen (1 qian), Qianghuo (1 qian), Gancao (honey-fried, 1 qian), Fangfeng (1 qian); Mahuang (4 qian, not removing joints); Dingxiang (Caryophylli Flos, 1 fen).
Crush into coarse powder, divide into two doses. For each dose, add two large zhan of water and two handfuls of Congbai. Decoct until one zhan remains, strain, and take slightly warm after meals.
**Yuhan Tang** (Imperial Cold-Dispersing Decoction): Treats nasal congestion, cough, and wheezing caused by Cold and Wind pathogens invading the skin and hair.
Huangqi (1 qian); Renshen (Panacis Ginseng Radix), Shengma, Chenpi (Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium) (each 5 fen); Gancao (honey-fried); Kuandonghua (Farfarae Flos), Huangbai (Phellodendri Cortex) (each 2 fen); Erercao (Petasitae Herba), Huanglian (Coptidis Rhizoma), Qianghuo, Baizhi, Fangfeng (each 2 fen); Cangzhu (7 fen).
Chop finely, prepare as one dose. Add two large zhan of water, decoct until one large zhan remains, strain, and take slightly warm after meals.
**Wenwei Tang** (Warm the Defensive Qi Decoction): Treats nasal obstruction with loss of smell, sensation of fire in the eyes, excess heat in blood with cold in Qi, excessive tearing, cold below the umbilicus, sweating in the genital area, and weakness/atrophy of the legs.
Huangqi, Cangzhu, Shengma, Zhimu (Anemarrhenae Rhizoma), Qianghuo, Chaihu (Bupleuri Radix), Danggui shen (Angelicae Sinensis Radix) (each 1 qian); Renshen, Gancao (honey-fried), Baizhi, Fangfeng, Huangbai, Zexie (Alismatis Rhizoma) (each 5 fen); Chenpi (3 qian); Qingpi (Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium Viride, 2 qian); Muxiang (Aucklandiae Radix), Huanglian (each 3 fen).
Prepare as one dose, decoct in water, strain, and take warm after meals. Take on sunny days.
**Wenwei Buxue Tang** (Warm the Defensive Qi and Tonify Blood Decoction): Treats tinnitus, nasal obstruction with loss of smell, inability to taste food, stagnant Qi, fatigue in the four limbs, unsteady gait, hair loss, poor appetite, cold sweat on knees, leukorrhea, phlegm in the throat preventing lying down, dry mouth and tongue, sighing, inability to turn the head, tight/painful tendons in the forehead and neck, vertigo, blackouts, headache, yawning, and sneezing.
Shengma (4 fen); Chaihu, Gancao (raw), Gancao (honey-fried), Goubipi (Lycii Cortex), Jiegeng (Platycodonis Radix) (each 3 fen); Shengdi (Rehmanniae Radix), Baizhu (Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma), Wuzhuyu (Evodiae Fructus), Huangbai (each 1 fen); Cangzhu, Chenpi, Wangguagen (Trichosanthis Radix), Mudanpi (Moutan Cortex) (each 2 fen); Danggui shen (2.5 fen); Taoren (Persicae Semen, 3 kernels); Kuihua (Sunflower Petal, 7 flowers).
Chop finely, prepare as one dose, decoct in water, strain, and take slightly warm before meals.
*[Tai Ping Hui Min He Ji Ju Fang]*: Treats complete nasal obstruction. Take a bunch of Xiaoji (Cirsii Japonici Herba), add two sheng of water, boil down to one sheng, strain, and divide for administration. (*Bencao* states: Xiaoji preserves essence and nourishes blood.)
*[World Transmission]*: **Qin Hua Bi Chengqie Wan** (Held-in-Mouth Picrasma Pill): Treats nasal obstruction.
Bichengqie (Picrasmae Fructus, 5 fen); Boheye (Menthae Haplocalycis Herba, 3 qian); Jingjisui (Schizonepetae Spica, 1.5 qian).
Grind into fine powder, mix with refined honey to form pills the size of cherries. Take one pill per dose, holding it in the mouth to dissolve.
*[Bencao Gangmu]*: Treats nasal obstruction with loss of smell, even if chronic. Use raw Cong (Scallion), divided into three sections. In the morning, use the white part; at noon, use the middle section of the tube; in the evening, use the tip section. Insert into the nose, ensuring it goes deep inside for efficacy.
*[Unnamed Master]*: **Tongcao San** (Unblocking Powder): Treats nasal stuffiness with blocked breathing, loss of smell, and nasal polyps.
Mutong (Akebiae Caulis), Xixin (Asari Radix et Rhizoma), Fuzi (Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata) (equal parts).
Grind into powder, mix with honey, wrap a small amount in cotton, and insert into the nose.
*[World Transmission]*: **Changpu San** (Calamus Powder): Treats internal nasal obstruction with inability to breathe.
Changpu (Acori Tatarinowii Rhizoma), Zhaojiao (Gleditsiae Sinensis Spina) (equal parts).
Grind into powder. Use 1 qian per dose, wrap in cotton, insert into the nose, and lie supine for a short time.
*[Yuji Weiyi]*: Nasal obstruction with loss of smell: Yingxiang (LI19) (insert 1 fen, along the skin upward, more reducing than reinforcing, avoid moxibustion); Shangxing (GV23) (insert 3 fen).
*[Ji]*: Another method: Yingxiang (LI19), Shangxing (GV23), Hegu (LI4). If these three points are ineffective, apply moxibustion to Renzhong (GV26), Fengfu (GV16), and Bailao (EX-B1).
*[Jia Yi Jing]*: For left-sided obstruction, needle the right side; for right-sided obstruction, needle the left side. If accompanied by pain in both hypochondria, diarrhea discharging from above and below, chest fullness, shortness of breath, and absence of sweating, reinforce the Hand-Taiyang channel to expel the pathogen. For nasal obstruction, Qian Gu (SI06) is the primary point.