竹笋 《本草》云∶味甘，无毒，主消渴，利水道，益气，可久食。崔禹云∶味甘，少
冷，主利水道，止消渴、五痔。孟诜云∶笋动气，能发冷 ，不可多食。（和名多加半奈。）
白瓜子 《本草》云∶味甘，平，寒，无毒。主令人悦泽，好颜色，益气不饥。久服轻
身耐老。《陶景注》云∶熟瓜有数种，除瓤食之，不害人。若觉食多。入水自渍即便消。又
云∶《博物志》云∶水浸至项，食瓜无数。崔禹云∶味甘冷无毒，食之利水道，去痰水。未
熟者，冷，黄熟者平。其瓤甘，补中，除肠胃中风，杀三虫，止眩冒。《养生要集》云∶瓜
二蒂及二茎食之杀人。马琬云∶有两鼻食之杀人。孟诜云∶寒多，食发瘅黄，动宿冷病。又
瘕癖人不可多食之。（和名宇利。）
冬瓜 《本草》云∶白冬瓜，微寒，主除少腹水胀，利小便，止渴。《陶注》云∶冬瓜
性冷利，解毒消渴。《神农经》云∶冬瓜味甘。无毒，止渴，除热。崔禹云∶冬瓜除水胀风
冷人勿食，益病。又作胃反病。鱼玄子张云∶冬瓜食之压丹石，去头面热。（和名加毛宇利。）
越瓜 孟诜云∶寒，利阳。益肠胃，止渴，不可久食。动气，虽止渴仍发诸疮，令虚，
脚不能行立。《本草陶注》云∶越瓜，人以作菹者，食之亦冷。《拾遗》云∶食之利小使，去
热，解酒毒。（今按∶损害物。和名都乃宇利。）
胡瓜 孟诜云∶寒，不可多食，动寒热，发疟病。鱼玄子张云∶发 气，生百病，消人
阴，发诸疮疥，发香港脚。天行后猝不可食之，必再发。（今按∶损害物。和名加良宇利。）
茄子 崔禹云∶味甘咸温，有小毒，主充皮肤，益气力，香港脚人以苗叶煮涛脚；皆除毒
气，尤为良验也。《七卷经》云∶温，平，食之多动气损阳。（和名奈须比。）
龙葵 《本草》云∶味苦，寒，无毒，食之解劳少睡，去虚热肿。其子疗疔疮。崔禹云∶
食之益气力。孟诜云∶其子疗甚妙，其赤其赤，珠者名龙珠，久服变发长黑，令人不老。《养
生要集》云∶补五脏，轻身明目。（和名己奈须比。）
若瓠 《本草》云∶味苦，寒，有毒，主大水，面目四肢浮肿，下水，令人吐。《苏敬
注》云∶瓠与冬瓜瓠 全非别类，味甘，冷，通利水道，止消渴。《陶景注》云∶又有瓠
亦是瓠类。小者名瓢，食之乃胜瓠。《拾遗》云∶煎汁滴鼻中，出黄水，去伤寒，鼻塞，黄
疸。又云∶食苦瓠中毒者，煮黍穣汁饮之，《埤苍》云∶瓠者王瓜也。瓠瓢酌酒琴书自娱也。
（和名尔加比佐古。）
葵菜 《本草》云∶味甘，寒，无毒。主恶疮，疗淋，利小便，解蜀椒毒，叶为百菜主。
《陶景注》云∶以秋种，经冬至春作子，谓之冬葵，至滑利，能下石淋。《苏敬注》云∶
北人谓之兰香。常食中用之，云去臭（鼻）气。《神农经》云∶味甘，寒，久食利骨气。崔
禹云∶食之补肝胆气，明目；主治内热消渴，酒客热不解。孟诜云∶若热者食之，亦令热闷。
《膳夫经》云；葵叶尤冷利。《千金方》云∶十日一食葵，葵滑，所以通五脏，拥气。马琬
云∶葵赤茎背黄，食之杀人。（和名安不比。）
山葵 崔禹云∶味辛KT 作菹食益人。作齑为快味。（和名和佐比。）
兔葵 《本草》云∶味甘，寒，无毒。主下诸石淋，止武蛇毒。崔禹云∶味甘，大冷，
食之下诸石及蛇毒。（和名以倍尔礼。）
苋菜 《本草》云∶味甘，寒，无毒，主清盲白翳。明目，除邪，利大小便，去寒热，
杀蛔虫，益气力。《苏敬注》云∶主诸肿、 、疣目。《拾遗》云∶食鳖所忌，今以鳖细锉和
苋于水处置之，则变为生鳖。《七卷经》云∶味甘，益气力，不饥。崔禹云∶食之益气力。
信陵之女，时年十八未嫁而妊胎。父陵自迫问何有妊哉。因垂杀之。女答云∶仆都无所为，
但好啖此菜耳，不知所以然云云。父心含怪而取少年婢令食此苋菜，未出数十月而妊胎，遂
KT净全之产。（和名比由。）
羊蹄 《本草》云∶味苦，寒，无毒，主头秃疥瘙，除女子阴蚀、浸淫、疸、痔，杀三
虫。《万毕方》云∶疗蛊。崔禹云∶补五脏，益气力。（和名志。）
荠 《本草》云∶味甘，温，无毒，主利肝气，和中。孟诜云∶补五脏不足。叶动气。
《陶景注》云∶《诗》云∶谁谓荼苦，其甘如荠。崔禹云∶食之甘香，补心脾。（和名奈都奈。）
生姜 《本草》云∶味辛，微温，主伤寒头痛、鼻塞、咳逆上气，止呕吐。久服去臭气，
通神明。《神农经》云∶令少志少智，伤心性，不可过多耳。（今按∶《拾遗》云∶今食姜处
亦未闻人愚，无姜处未闻人智，为浪说。）《膳夫经》云∶食甜粥讫，勿食姜。即交吐成霍
乱。空腹勿食生姜，喜令渴。崔禹云∶食之去痰下气，除风邪，味辛，KT 是物为调食之
主。《食（KT ）》云∶男子多食者，令人尻肛缓大，女人者令其阴器缓大。孟诜云∶食之
除鼻
塞，去胸中臭气。《养生要集》云∶微温，食之尤良。然不可过多耳。伤心气。又云∶空腹
食，喜令扬上，善为骨蒸及作痈疖。（和名都知波之加美。）
芜菁 《本草》云∶味苦，温，无毒。主利五脏，轻身益气，可长食。《苏敬注》云∶
芜菁，北人名蔓菁。《拾遗》云∶子主急黄、黄胆，肠结不通。又云∶蔓菁园中无蜘蛛，是
其相畏也。崔禹云∶食之利五脏，其根蒸敷，脚肿即消。又，取得一斗捣研，以水三斗，煮
取一斗汁，浓服之，除 瘕积聚及霍乱心腹胀满，为妙药。《神农经》云∶根不可多食，令
人气胀。《苏敬香港脚论》云∶患香港脚人不宜食蔓菁。《七卷经》云∶陈楚谓之KT ，鲁齐谓
之荛，关之东西谓之芜菁，赵魏谓之大芥。（和名阿宇奈。）
菘菜 《本草》云∶味甘，温，无毒，主通利肠胃，除胸中烦，解消渴。《拾遗》云∶
去鱼腥，动病。又，南土无姜，尽为此物所用。崔禹云∶味甘，少冷，无毒，菜中菘尤血常
食。和中，无余逆忤，令多食。孟诜云∶腹中冷病者不服，有热者服之亦不发病。其菜性冷。
（和名大加奈。）
芦茯 《本草》云∶味辛甘，温，无毒，主大下气，消谷去痰 ，服健人。生捣汁服，
主消渴，诫大有验。崔禹云∶味辛薰，温，消五谷反鱼肉毒。又云∶其叶嫩美，亦为生菜之
主，啖之消食和中，利九窍，益人。《七卷经》云∶久在土中，食之不利人。马琬云∶夜食
不用啖芦茯根，气不散不利人。孟诜云∶萝菔，冷，利五脏关节，除五脏中风，轻身，益气，
根消食下气。又云∶甚利关节，除五脏中风，练五脏中恶气，令人白净。（和名于保檷。）
芥 《本草》云∶味辛，温，无毒，归鼻。主除肾邪气，利九窍，明耳目，安中，久食
温中。《陶景注》云∶似菘而有毛，味KT 。崔禹云∶食之安中。又，芥类多，有鼠芥鼠食
其花而皮毛皆KT 落，故以名之。又有雀芥，雀食，其子而KT 能飞翔，故以名之。《七
卷经》云∶芥有两种，大芥、小芥，是治无异之。孟诜云∶生食发丹石，不可多食。（和名
加良之。）
白苣 崔禹云∶味苦，冷，无毒，主明目，进食者为要。孟诜云∶寒，主补筋力。鱼玄
子张云∶利五脏，开胸膈，拥寒气，通经脉，养筋骨，令人齿白净，聪明少睡，可常食之。
有小冷气，人食之虽亦觉腹冷，终不损人。又，产后不可食之，令人寒中，少腹痛。（和名
知佐。）
蓟菜 《本草》云∶味甘，温，主养精保血。陶景注云∶大蓟是虎蓟，小蓟是猫蓟。《苏
敬注》云∶大小蓟欲相似，功力有殊。《拾遗》云∶破宿血，止新血，暴下血、血利、惊疮、
出血、呕血等，取汁温服。又金疮，又蜘蛛、蛇、蝎咬毒，服之佳。崔禹云∶食之养精神
，令人肥健，主女子赤白沃，安胎，止吐血。孟诜云∶叶亦堪煮羹，食甚除热风气。又，金
创血不止，义叶封之即止。（和名安佐美。）
茎菜 崔禹云∶食之止利，味甘苦，少冷，有小毒，主心热烦呕。一名 。又取根捣
敷钉肿疮疮根即拔之。（和名不不支。）
薰蕖 崔禹云∶味辛，温，无毒，食之止咳嗽、冷利，止哕。（和名曾良之。）
蘩蒌 《本草》云∶味酸，平，无毒。主积年恶疮不愈。苏敬云∶即是鸡肠。《七卷经》
云∶食之主消渴，杂疮。鱼玄子张云∶煮作羹食之，益甚人。（和名波久倍良。）
兰鬲草 崔禹云∶食之辛香，冷，平，无毒。主利水道，辟不祥不老，通神明。（和名
阿良良支。）
胡KT 崔禹云∶味辛臭，食之调食下气。凡河海之鸟鱼脍者尤是为要也。孟诜云∶
食之消谷，久食之多忘。鱼玄子张云∶利五脏不足，不可多食。损神。（今按∶损害物。和
名已志。）
蓼 《本草》云∶味辛温无毒，主明目温中。能风寒，下水气，面目浮肿痈疡。叶归舌，
除大小肠邪气，利中益志。《拾遗》云∶蓼主 癖，一名女憎，是其弱阳事也，不可近阴。
又蓼蕺俱弱阳。《七卷经》云∶多食吐水。又多损阳事。《千金方》云∶黄帝曰∶蓼食过多有
毒，发心痛。（和名多天。）
荷 《本草》云∶微温，主蛊及疟。《陶景注》云∶今人赤者为 荷，白者为覆菹叶。
同一种耳。于食用，赤者为胜；药用，白者中蛊。服其汁，卧其叶，即呼蛊主姓名。多食损
药势。又不利脚人家种。白 荷亦云避蛇。苏敬云∶主诸恶疮，杀螫蛊毒根，主稻麦芒入目
者，以汁注中即出。崔禹云∶今常食之，有益无损。（和名米加。）
芹 《本草》云∶味甘，平，主疗女子赤沃，止血，养精，保血脉。益气，令人肥健嗜
食。一名冰英。《拾遗》云∶茎叶汁小儿暴热，大人酒热毒鼻塞身热，利大小肠。崔禹云∶
味甘，少冷，无毒，利小便，除水胀。孟诜云∶食之养神益力，杀石药毒。鱼玄子张云∶中
醋中食之，损人，齿黑色。若食之时不如高由者，宜人。其水者，有虫生子食之，与人患。
《养生要集》云∶芹菜（叶）细叶有毛，食之杀人。（和名世利。）
菜 《本草》云∶味甘，寒，无毒，主暴热，喘，小儿丹肿。《七卷经》云∶广陵人
呼为接，一名KT 菜，一名水葱。（和名奈支。）
蕨菜 崔禹云∶味咸，苦，小冷，无毒，食之补中，益气力。或云多食之睡，令人身重。
是物不宜阳人，即宜阴吒 人，食一两斤蕨，终身不病，作脯食之。又煮蒸于腊食之。孟诜
云∶令人脚弱不能行，消阳事，缩玉茎，多食令人发落、鼻塞、目暗小儿不可食之立行不得
也。《拾遗》云∶小儿食，脚弱不行，四皓食芝而寿，夷齐食蕨而夭，固非良物。《搜神记》
曰∶HT 鉴镇丹徒二月出猎，有田土折一茎蕨食之，觉心中淡淡成病，后吐一小蛇，悬屋
前，
渐干成蕨，视即遂瘥。明此物不可生食之。（和名和良比。）
荠蒿菜 《七卷经》云∶冷，食之无损益。崔禹云∶食之明目。味咸，温，无毒，主开
胸府，状似艾草而香，作羹食之，益人。（和名于波支。）
《本草》云∶味甘，寒，主消渴，热痹。陶景注云∶下气。《苏敬注》云∶久食大
宜人。孟诜云∶多食动痔。《拾遗》云∶案物此虽水草，性热，拥气，温病起食者多死，为
体滑，脾不能磨。常食壅气，令关节气急，嗜唾。苏敬云∶上品，主香港脚。《香港脚论》中令
人食此之误极深也。（和名奴奈波。）
骨蓬 崔禹云∶味咸，大冷，无毒，主黄胆消渴。（和名加波保檷。）
头 《拾遗》云∶味辛，寒，有毒，主痈肿风毒。磨敷肿上捣碎，以灰汁煮成饼，五味
调为如食之，主消渴，生即戟喉出血。生吴蜀。叶如半夏，根如KT ，好生阴地，雨滴叶
生子，一名 ，又有斑枝，根苗相似，至秋有花直出赤子，其根敷痈毒，于 不食。（和
名古尔也久。）
牛蒡 《本草》云∶恶实，一名牛蒡，一名鼠粘草，味辛，平，主明目，补中，中风，
面肿，消渴。《苏敬注》云∶根主牙齿痛，脚缓弱；痈疽，咳嗽，疝瘕。积血。（和名支多支
须。）
骨蓬 崔禹云∶味咸，大冷，无毒，主黄胆，消渴。（和名加波保檷。）
木菌 《七卷经》云∶味甘，温，平，食之轻身，利九窍。凡诸有毒 木所生，人不识，
煮食，无不死之。宜不可轻啖之。又云∶石耳性冷，生于石上，食之为益。又云∶地菌，温，
平，食之补五脏，益气。崔禹云∶菌茸，食之去热气，生冷干温。《拾遗》云∶采归，色变
者有毒，夜中有光者有毒，煮不熟者有毒。盖仰者有毒。又冬春无毒，秋夏有毒，为蛇过也
。冬生白软者无毒，久食利肠胃。《养生要集》云∶木菌味甘，温平，食之轻身，利九窍。
又云∶菌赤色，不可食，害人。又云∶菌生卷者，食之伤人。青色者亦不可食。木耳色青及
仰生者不可食，伤人。又云∶枫树所生菌，食之令人笑不止。又云∶治食菌中毒，烦乱欲死
方∶煮大豆汁，饮之良。又土浆，饮之良。（和名支乃多介。）
竹笋 《本草》记载：味甘，无毒，主治消渴（糖尿病样症状），通利水道，益气，可以长期食用。崔禹说：味甘，性微冷，主治通利水道，止消渴、五痔。孟诜说：笋动气，能引发寒证，不可多吃。（日本名称：Takanahanai。）
白瓜子 《本草》记载：味甘，平，寒，无毒。主治使人面色润泽，好颜色，益气不饥。长期服用可轻身耐老。《陶弘景注》说：熟瓜有数种，除去瓤后食用，不害人。如果觉得吃多了，入水浸泡即刻消散。又说：《博物志》记载：水浸至颈部，吃无数瓜。崔禹说：味甘冷无毒，食之利水道，去痰水。未熟的瓜，性冷；黄熟的瓜，性平。其瓤甘，补中，除肠胃中风，杀三虫，止眩冒。《养生要集》说：瓜蒂及瓜茎食之杀人。马琬说：有两个鼻子的瓜食之杀人。孟诜说：寒多，食发瘅黄，动宿冷病。又有瘕癖（腹内结块）的人不可多吃。（日本名称：Uri。）
冬瓜 《本草》记载：白冬瓜，微寒，主治除少腹水胀，利小便，止渴。《陶弘景注》说：冬瓜性冷利，解毒消渴。《神农经》说：冬瓜味甘。无毒，止渴，除热。崔禹说：冬瓜除水胀风冷人勿食，益病。又作胃反病。鱼玄子张说：冬瓜食之压丹石，去头面热。（日本名称：Kamuri。）
越瓜 孟诜说：寒，利阳。益肠胃，止渴，不可久食。动气，虽止渴仍发诸疮，令虚，脚不能行立。《本草陶注》说：越瓜，人们用来做腌菜者，食之亦冷。《拾遗》说：食之利小便，去热，解酒毒。（今按：损害物。日本名称：Tonari Uri。）
胡瓜 孟诜说：寒，不可多食，动寒热，发疟病。鱼玄子张说：发风气，生百病，消人阴，发诸疮疥，发香港脚（脚气病）。天行（瘟疫）后猝不可食之，必再发。（今按：损害物。日本名称：Karashi Uri。）
茄子 崔禹说：味甘咸温，有小毒，主充皮肤，益气力，香港脚人以苗叶煮汤泡脚；皆除毒气，尤为良验也。《七卷经》说：温，平，食之多动气损阳。（日本名称：Nasubi。）
龙葵 《本草》说：味苦，寒，无毒，食之解劳少睡，去虚热肿。其子疗疔疮。崔禹说：食之益气力。孟诜说：其子疗甚妙，其赤如珠者名龙珠，久服变发长黑，令人不老。《养生要集》说：补五脏，轻身明目。（日本名称：Hinasubi。）
若瓠 《本草》说：味苦，寒，有毒，主大水，面目四肢浮肿，下水，令人吐。《苏敬注》说：瓠与冬瓜瓠全非别类，味甘，冷，通利水道，止消渴。《陶弘景注》说：又有瓠亦是瓠类。小者名瓢，食之乃胜瓠。《拾遗》说：煎汁滴鼻中，出黄水，去伤寒，鼻塞，黄疸。又说：食苦瓠中毒者，煮黍穣汁饮之，《埤苍》说：瓠者王瓜也。瓠瓢酌酒琴书自娱也。（日本名称：Nigabi Sako。）
葵菜 《本草》说：味甘，寒，无毒。主恶疮，疗淋，利小便，解蜀椒毒，叶为百菜主。《陶弘景注》说：以秋种，经冬至春作子，谓之冬葵，至滑利，能下石淋。《苏敬注》说：北人谓之兰香。常食中用之，云去臭（鼻）气。《神农经》说：味甘，寒，久食利骨气。崔禹说：食之补肝胆气，明目；主治内热消渴，酒客热不解。孟诜说：若热者食之，亦令热闷。《膳夫经》说：葵叶尤冷利。《千金方》说：十日一食葵，葵滑，所以通五脏，拥气。马琬说：葵赤茎背黄，食之杀人。（日本名称：Apanpi。）
山葵 崔禹说：味辛，作菹食益人。作齑为快味。（日本名称：Wasabi。）
兔葵 《本草》说：味甘，寒，无毒。主下诸石淋，止武蛇毒。崔禹说：味甘，大冷，食之下诸石及蛇毒。（日本名称：Ibaeriri。）
苋菜 《本草》说：味甘，寒，无毒，主清盲白翳。明目，除邪，利大小便，去寒热，杀蛔虫，益气力。《苏敬注》说：主诸肿、疣目。《拾遗》说：食鳖所忌，今以鳖细锉和苋于水处置之，则变为生鳖。《七卷经》说：味甘，益气力，不饥。崔禹说：食之益气力。信陵之女，时年十八未嫁而妊胎。父陵自迫问何有妊哉。因垂杀之。女答云：仆都无所为，但好啖此菜耳，不知所以然云云。父心含怪而取少年婢令食此苋菜，未出数十月而妊胎，遂净全之产。（日本名称：Hiyu。）
羊蹄 《本草》说：味苦，寒，无毒，主头秃疥瘙，除女子阴蚀、浸淫、疸、痔，杀三虫。《万毕方》说：疗蛊。崔禹说：补五脏，益气力。（日本名称：Shi。）
荠 《本草》说：味甘，温，无毒，主利肝气，和中。孟诜说：补五脏不足。叶动气。《陶弘景注》说：《诗》说：谁谓荼苦，其甘如荠。崔禹说：食之甘香，补心脾。（日本名称：Natana。）
生姜 《本草》说：味辛，微温，主伤寒头痛、鼻塞、咳逆上气，止呕吐。久服去臭气，通神明。《神农经》说：令少志少智，伤心性，不可过多耳。（今按：《拾遗》说：今食姜处亦未闻人愚，无姜处未闻人智，为浪说。）《膳夫经》说：食甜粥讫，勿食姜。即交吐成霍乱。空腹勿食生姜，喜令渴。崔禹说：食之去痰下气，除风邪，味辛，是物为调食之主。《食经》说：男子多食者，令人尻肛缓大，女人者令其阴器缓大。孟诜说：食之除鼻塞，去胸中臭气。《养生要集》说：微温，食之尤良。然不可过多耳。伤心气。又说：空腹食，喜令扬上，善为骨蒸及作痈疖。（日本名称：Tochinokami。）
芜菁 《本草》说：味苦，温，无毒。主利五脏，轻身益气，可长食。《苏敬注》说：芜菁，北人名蔓菁。《拾遗》说：子主急黄、黄胆，肠结不通。又说：蔓菁园中无蜘蛛，是其相畏也。崔禹说：食之利五脏，其根蒸敷，脚肿即消。又，取得一斗捣研，以水三斗，煮取一斗汁，浓服之，除瘕积聚及霍乱心腹胀满，为妙药。《神农经》说：根不可多食，令人气胀。《苏敬香港脚论》说：患香港脚人不宜食蔓菁。《七卷经》说：陈楚谓之，鲁齐谓之荛，关之东西谓之芜菁，赵魏谓之大芥。（日本名称：Anana。）
菘菜 《本草》说：味甘，温，无毒，主通利肠胃，除胸中烦，解消渴。《拾遗》说：去鱼腥，动病。又，南土无姜，尽为此物所用。崔禹说：味甘，少冷，无毒，菜中菘尤血常食。和中，无余逆忤，令多食。孟诜说：腹中冷病者不服，有热者服之亦不发病。其菜性冷。（日本名称：Okanana。）
芦茯 《本草》说：味辛甘，温，无毒，主大下气，消谷去痰，服健人。生捣汁服，主消渴，诫大有验。崔禹说：味辛薰，温，消五谷反鱼肉毒。又说：其叶嫩美，亦为生菜之主，啖之消食和中，利九窍，益人。《七卷经》说：久在土中，食之不利人。马琬说：夜食不用啖芦茯根，气不散不利人。孟诜说：萝菔，冷，利五脏关节，除五脏中风，轻身，益气，根消食下气。又说：甚利关节，除五脏中风，练五脏中恶气，令人白净。（日本名称：Onabu。）
芥 《本草》说：味辛，温，无毒，归鼻。主除肾邪气，利九窍，明耳目，安中，久食温中。《陶弘景注》说：似菘而有毛，味辛。崔禹说：食之安中。又，芥类多，有鼠芥鼠食其花而皮毛皆脱落，故以名之。又有雀芥，雀食其子而能飞翔，故以名之。《七卷经》说：芥有两种，大芥、小芥，是治无异之。孟诜说：生食发丹石，不可多食。（日本名称：Karashi。）
白苣 崔禹说：味苦，冷，无毒，主明目，进食者为要。孟诜说：寒，主补筋力。鱼玄子张说：利五脏，开胸膈，拥寒气，通经脉，养筋骨，令人齿白净，聪明少睡，可常食之。有小冷气，人食之虽亦觉腹冷，终不损人。又，产后不可食之，令人寒中，少腹痛。（日本名称：Chisa。）
蓟菜 《本草》说：味甘，温，主养精保血。陶弘景注说：大蓟是虎蓟，小蓟是猫蓟。《苏敬注》说：大小蓟欲相似，功力有殊。《拾遗》说：破宿血，止新血，暴下血、血利、惊疮、出血、呕血等，取汁温服。又金疮，又蜘蛛、蛇、蝎咬毒，服之佳。崔禹说：食之养精神，令人肥健，主女子赤白沃，安胎，止吐血。孟诜说：叶亦堪煮羹，食甚除热风气。又，金创血不止，义叶封之即止。（日本名称：Asami。）
茎菜 崔禹说：食之止利，味甘苦，少冷，有小毒，主心热烦呕。一名。又取根捣敷钉肿疮疮根即拔之。（日本名称：Fufushi。）
薰蕖 崔禹说：味辛，温，无毒，食之止咳嗽、冷利，止哕。（日本名称：Saranoshi。）
蘩蒌 《本草》说：味酸，平，无毒。主积年恶疮不愈。苏敬说：即是鸡肠。《七卷经》说：食之主消渴，杂疮。鱼玄子张说：煮作羹食之，益甚人。（日本名称：Hakubairyo。）
兰鬲草 崔禹说：食之辛香，冷，平，无毒。主利水道，辟不祥不老，通神明。（日本名称：Ararashi。）
胡荽 崔禹说：味辛臭，食之调食下气。凡河海之鸟鱼脍者尤是为要也。孟诜说：食之消谷，久食之多忘。鱼玄子张说：利五脏不足，不可多食。损神。（今按：损害物。日本名称：Eji。）
蓼 《本草》说：味辛温无毒，主明目温中。能风寒，下水气，面目浮肿痈疡。叶归舌，除大小肠邪气，利中益志。《拾遗》说：蓼主癖，一名女憎，是其弱阳事也，不可近阴。又蓼蕺俱弱阳。《七卷经》说：多食吐水。又多损阳事。《千金方》说：黄帝曰：蓼食过多有毒，发心痛。（日本名称：Amata。）
荷 《本草》说：微温，主蛊及疟。《陶弘景注》说：今人赤者为红荷，白者为覆菹叶。同一种耳。于食用，赤者为胜；药用，白者中蛊。服其汁，卧其叶，即呼蛊主姓名。多食损药势。又不利脚人家种。白红荷亦云避蛇。苏敬说：主诸恶疮，杀螫蛊毒根，主稻麦芒入目者，以汁注中即出。崔禹说：今常食之，有益无损。（日本名称：Koma。）
芹 《本草》说：味甘，平，主疗女子赤沃，止血，养精，保血脉。益气，令人肥健嗜食。一名冰英。《拾遗》说：茎叶汁小儿暴热，大人酒热毒鼻塞身热，利大小肠。崔禹说：味甘，少冷，无毒，利小便，除水胀。孟诜说：食之养神益力，杀石药毒。鱼玄子张说：中醋中食之，损人，齿黑色。若食之时不如高由者，宜人。其水者，有虫生子食之，与人患。《养生要集》说：芹菜（叶）细叶有毛，食之杀人。（日本名称：Serii。）
莼菜 《本草》说：味甘，寒，无毒，主暴热，喘，小儿丹肿。《七卷经》说：广陵人呼为接，一名莼菜，一名水葱。（日本名称：Nashi。）
蕨菜 崔禹说：味咸，苦，小冷，无毒，食之补中，益气力。或云多食之睡，令人身重。是物不宜阳人，即宜阴吒人，食一两斤蕨，终身不病，作脯食之。又煮蒸于腊食之。孟诜说：令人脚弱不能行，消阳事，缩玉茎，多食令人发落、鼻塞、目暗小儿不可食之立行不得也。《拾遗》说：小儿食，脚弱不行，四皓食芝而寿，夷齐食蕨而夭，固非良物。《搜神记》曰：鉴镇丹徒二月出猎，有田土折一茎蕨食之，觉心中淡淡成病，后吐一小蛇，悬屋前，渐干成蕨，视即遂瘥。明此物不可生食之。（日本名称：Warabi。）
荠蒿菜 《七卷经》说：冷，食之无损益。崔禹说：食之明目。味咸，温，无毒，主开胸府，状似艾草而香，作羹食之，益人。（日本名称：Onpoji。）
莼 《本草》说：味甘，寒，主消渴，热痹。陶弘景注说：下气。《苏敬注》说：久食大宜人。孟诜说：多食动痔。《拾遗》说：案物此虽水草，性热，拥气，温病起食者多死，为体滑，脾不能磨。常食壅气，令关节气急，嗜唾。苏敬说：上品，主香港脚。《香港脚论》中令人食此之误极深也。（日本名称：Numanaba。）
骨蓬 崔禹说：味咸，大冷，无毒，主黄胆消渴。（日本名称：Kahoborai。）
半夏 《拾遗》说：味辛，寒，有毒，主痈肿风毒。磨敷肿上捣碎，以灰汁煮成饼，五味调为如食之，主消渴，生即戟喉出血。生吴蜀。叶如半夏，根如，好生阴地，雨滴叶生子，一名，又有斑枝，根苗相似，至秋有花直出赤子，其根敷痈毒，于不食。（日本名称：Korujiuku。）
牛蒡 《本草》说：恶实，一名牛蒡，一名鼠粘草，味辛，平，主明目，补中，中风，面肿，消渴。《苏敬注》说：根主牙齿痛，脚缓弱；痈疽，咳嗽，疝瘕。积血。（日本名称：Satasashisu。）
骨蓬 崔禹说：味咸，大冷，无毒，主黄胆，消渴。（日本名称：Kahoborai。）
木菌 《七卷经》说：味甘，温，平，食之轻身，利九窍。凡诸有毒木所生，人不识，煮食，无不死之。宜不可轻啖之。又说：石耳性冷，生于石上，食之为益。又说：地菌，温，平，食之补五脏，益气。崔禹说：菌茸，食之去热气，生冷干温。《拾遗》说：采归，色变者有毒，夜中有光者有毒，煮不熟者有毒。盖仰者有毒。又冬春无毒，秋夏有毒，为蛇过也。冬生白软者无毒，久食利肠胃。《养生要集》说：木菌味甘，温平，食之轻身，利九窍。又说：菌赤色，不可食，害人。又说：菌生卷者，食之伤人。青色者亦不可食。木耳色青及仰生者不可食，伤人。又说：枫树所生菌，食之令人笑不止。又说：治食菌中毒，烦乱欲死方：煮大豆汁，饮之良。又土浆，饮之良。（日本名称：Shinotakai。）
Bamboo Shoots: The *Bencao* records: Sweet in taste, non-toxic. Mainly treats polydipsia (symptoms similar to diabetes), promotes diuresis, benefits Qi, and can be consumed for a long time. Cui Yu states: Sweet in taste, slightly cold. Mainly promotes diuresis, stops polydipsia, and treats the five types of hemorrhoids. Meng Shen states: Bamboo shoots move Qi and can induce cold syndromes; they should not be eaten in excess. (Japanese name: Takanahanai.)
White Melon Seeds: The *Bencao* records: Sweet in taste, neutral and cold, non-toxic. Mainly makes one look radiant and healthy, benefits Qi, and prevents hunger. Long-term consumption lightens the body and delays aging. Tao Hongjing's commentary states: There are several types of ripe melons; removing the pulp before eating is harmless. If one feels they have eaten too much, soaking them in water will cause them to dissipate. It is also stated in the *Bowuzhi*: When water reaches the neck, one can eat countless melons. Cui Yu states: Sweet, cold, and non-toxic; promotes diuresis and removes phlegm-fluid retention. Unripe melons are cold; yellow-ripe melons are neutral. The pulp is sweet, tonifies the middle, removes wind-stroke from the stomach and intestines, kills three types of parasites, and stops dizziness. The *Yangsheng Yaoji* states: Eating two melon stems or two calyxes can be fatal. Ma Wan states: Melons with two noses are fatal if eaten. Meng Shen states: Being very cold, it can induce jaundice and aggravate chronic cold conditions. Those with abdominal masses should not eat it in excess. (Japanese name: Uri.)
Winter Melon: The *Bencao* records: White winter melon is slightly cold. It mainly reduces abdominal distension due to fluid retention, promotes urination, and stops thirst. Tao Hongjing's commentary states: Winter melon is cold and purgative, detoxifies, and stops polydipsia. The *Shennong Jing* records: Sweet in taste, non-toxic, stops thirst, and clears heat. Cui Yu states: People with abdominal distension due to wind-cold should avoid winter melon as it worsens the condition and may cause gastric reflux. Zhang Xuanyuan states: Eating winter melon suppresses cinnabar-stone toxicity and removes heat from the head and face. (Japanese name: Kamuri.)
Yue Melon: Meng Shen states: Cold, benefits yang. Benefits the stomach and intestines, stops thirst, but should not be eaten long-term. It moves Qi; although it stops thirst, it still induces various sores, causes deficiency, and leads to inability to walk or stand. The *Bencao* Tao commentary states: Yue melons used for pickling are cold when eaten. The *Shiyi* states: Promotes urination, clears heat, and resolves alcohol toxicity. (Note: Harmful substance. Japanese name: Tonari Uri.)
Cucumber: Meng Shen states: Cold, should not be eaten in excess. It induces chills and fever and triggers malaria. Zhang Xuanyuan states: Induces wind-pathogen, generates hundred diseases, diminishes sexual function, induces sores and scabies, and triggers podagra (gout). It should not be eaten immediately after an epidemic disease, or the illness will recur. (Note: Harmful substance. Japanese name: Karashi Uri.)
Eggplant: Cui Yu states: Sweet, salty, and warm, slightly toxic. Mainly fills the skin, benefits strength. Patients with podagra boil the seedlings and leaves to soak their feet; this effectively removes toxic qi. The *Seven Volumes Classic* states: Warm and neutral. Excessive consumption moves Qi and damages yang. (Japanese name: Nasubi.)
Black Nightshade: The *Bencao* states: Bitter, cold, non-toxic. Eating it relieves fatigue and reduces sleepiness, and removes deficiency-heat swelling. Its seeds treat carbuncles. Cui Yu states: Benefits strength. Meng Shen states: The seeds are excellent for treatment. Red ones resembling pearls are called Dragon Pearls; long-term consumption turns hair black and prevents aging. The *Yangsheng Yaoji* states: Tonifies the five zang organs, lightens the body, and improves vision. (Japanese name: Hinasubi.)
Gourd: The *Bencao* states: Bitter, cold, toxic. Mainly treats severe edema (swelling of face, eyes, and limbs), promotes water elimination, and induces vomiting. Su Jing's commentary states: Gourd is not a different category from winter melon gourd; it is sweet and cold, promotes diuresis, and stops polydipsia. Tao Hongjing's commentary states: There are other gourds of the same category. The small ones are called ladle gourds, which are superior to regular gourds when eaten. The *Shiyi* states: Decoction dropped into the nose expels yellow fluid, treating cold damage, nasal congestion, and jaundice. It is also stated that those poisoned by bitter gourd should drink millet bran decoction. The *Picang* states: Gourd refers to King Melon. Ladle gourds are used for holding wine, playing the qin, and reading for entertainment. (Japanese name: Nigabi Sako.)
Malabar Spinach: The *Bencao* states: Sweet, cold, non-toxic. Mainly treats malignant sores, dysuria, promotes urination, resolves Shu pepper toxicity, and its leaves are the chief among vegetables. Tao Hongjing's commentary states: Planted in autumn, it produces seeds through winter to spring, called winter malabar spinach. It is very slippery and purgative, capable of expelling stone dysuria. Su Jing's commentary states: Northerners call it fragrant herb. Regular consumption is said to remove bad breath. The *Shennong Jing* states: Sweet and cold; long-term consumption benefits bone qi. Cui Yu states: Benefits liver and gallbladder qi, improves vision; mainly treats internal heat polydipsia and unresolved heat in drinkers. Meng Shen states: If eaten when hot, it causes heat and stifling. The *Shanfu Jing* states: Malabar spinach leaves are particularly cold and purgative. The *Qianjin Fang* states: Eating malabar spinach every ten days, due to its slipperiness, unblocks the five zang organs and moves qi. Ma Wan states: Malabar spinach with red stems and yellow backs is fatal if eaten. (Japanese name: Apanpi.)
Wasabi: Cui Yu states: Pungent. Eating it as pickles benefits people. Making it into a paste provides a delightful flavor. (Japanese name: Wasabi.)
Lepidium apetalum: The *Bencao* states: Sweet, cold, non-toxic. Mainly expels various stone dysurias and stops snake venom. Cui Yu states: Sweet and very cold; eating it expels stones and snake venom. (Japanese name: Ibaeriri.)
Amaranth: The *Bencao* states: Sweet, cold, non-toxic. Mainly clears blindness and white opacities, improves vision, removes evil pathogens, promotes bowel and bladder movements, removes chills and fever, kills roundworms, and benefits strength. Su Jing's commentary states: Mainly treats various swellings and warts. The *Shiyi* states: Forbidden to eat with turtle meat; placing chopped turtle meat and amaranth in water transforms it back into a live turtle. The *Seven Volumes Classic* states: Sweet, benefits strength, prevents hunger. Cui Yu states: Benefits strength. The daughter of Lord Xinling was eighteen and unmarried but pregnant. Her father forced her to ask how she became pregnant and threatened to kill her. She replied: "I did nothing but love eating this vegetable." Her father, suspicious, had a young maid eat amaranth, who became pregnant within months and gave birth safely. (Japanese name: Hiyu.)
Shepherd's Purse: The *Bencao* states: Bitter, cold, non-toxic. Mainly treats alopecia and scabies, removes vaginal erosion, oozing sores, jaundice, and hemorrhoids, and kills three types of parasites. The *Wanbi Fang* states: Treats gu poisoning. Cui Yu states: Tonifies the five zang organs and benefits strength. (Japanese name: Shi.)
Shepherd's Purse (Capsella bursa-pastoris): The *Bencao* states: Sweet, warm, non-toxic. Mainly benefits liver qi and harmonizes the middle. Meng Shen states: Tonifies deficiencies of the five zang organs. Leaves move qi. Tao Hongjing's commentary cites the *Book of Songs*: "Who says shepherd's purse is bitter? It is as sweet as honey." Cui Yu states: Sweet and fragrant; tonifies heart and spleen. (Japanese name: Natana.)
Fresh Ginger: The *Bencao* states: Pungent, slightly warm. Mainly treats headache and nasal congestion from cold damage, counterflows qi cough, and stops vomiting. Long-term consumption removes bad breath and clarifies the spirit. The *Shennong Jing* states: It reduces will and intelligence, damages heart nature, and should not be taken in excess. (Note: The *Shiyi* states: No evidence that ginger consumers are foolish or non-consumers are wise; this is baseless talk.) The *Shanfu Jing* states: Do not eat ginger after sweet porridge, or it causes vomiting and cholera-like disorder. Do not eat fresh ginger on an empty stomach, as it tends to cause thirst. Cui Yu states: Removes phlegm, directs qi downward, dispels wind-pathogen, pungent in taste, and is the main seasoning food. The *Shijing* states: Men eating too much suffer from loose anus; women suffer from enlarged genitalia. Meng Shen states: Removes nasal congestion and chest bad odor. The *Yangsheng Yaoji* states: Slightly warm, especially good to eat, but not in excess. Damages heart qi. Also states: Eating on an empty stomach causes upward flare-up, prone to bone-steaming fever and abscesses. (Japanese name: Tochinokami.)
Turnip: The *Bencao* states: Bitter, warm, non-toxic. Mainly benefits the five zang organs, lightens the body, benefits qi, and can be eaten long-term. Su Jing's commentary states: Turnip is called Manjing in the north. The *Shiyi* states: Seeds treat acute jaundice and biliary obstruction/intestinal constipation. It is also said that no spiders exist in turnip gardens due to mutual aversion. Cui Yu states: Benefits the five zang organs; steamed and applied roots reduce foot swelling. One dou pounded and boiled in three dou of water to yield one dou of juice, taken thickly, is a miraculous medicine for abdominal masses, cholera, and fullness. The *Shennong Jing* states: Roots should not be eaten in excess as they cause qi distension. Su Jing's Podagra Treatise states: Patients with podagra should not eat Manjing. The *Seven Volumes Classic* states: Called 'X' in Chen-Chu, 'Rao' in Lu-Qi, 'Wujing' east and west of the pass, and 'Dajie' in Zhao-Wei. (Japanese name: Anana.)
Chinese Cabbage: The *Bencao* states: Sweet, warm, non-toxic. Mainly unblocks and promotes gastrointestinal movement, removes chest irritability, and resolves polydipsia. The *Shiyi* states: Removes fishy odors, moves pathogens. In southern lands without ginger, this vegetable is widely used. Cui Yu states: Sweet, slightly cold, non-toxic. Among vegetables, Chinese cabbage is best for blood nourishment. Harmonizes the middle, has no adverse interactions, and allows for large consumption. Meng Shen states: Those with cold patterns in the abdomen should not take it; those with heat patterns taking it do not develop disease. The vegetable is cold in nature. (Japanese name: Okanana.)
Radish: The *Bencao* states: Pungent and sweet, warm, non-toxic. Mainly strongly directs qi downward, digests grains, removes phlegm, and strengthens the person. Raw juice treats polydipsia with great efficacy. Cui Yu states: Pungent and aromatic, warm; resolves toxicity from grains, fish, and meat. The tender leaves are also a primary raw vegetable, digesting food, harmonizing the middle, benefiting the nine orifices, and aiding people. The *Seven Volumes Classic* states: Radishes kept in soil for a long time are harmful to eat. Ma Wan states: Eating radish roots at night disperses qi and is harmful. Meng Shen states: Radish is cold, benefits five zang joints, removes wind-stroke from five zang organs, lightens the body, benefits qi, and the root digests food and directs qi downward. It greatly benefits joints, removes wind-stroke, refines evil qi in the five zang organs, and makes the skin fair. (Japanese name: Onabu.)
Mustard: The *Bencao* states: Pungent, warm, non-toxic, enters the nose. Mainly removes kidney pathogenic qi, benefits the nine orifices, brightens eyes and ears, stabilizes the middle, and long-term consumption warms the middle. Tao Hongjing's commentary states: Resembles Chinese cabbage but hairy, pungent taste. Cui Yu states: Stabilizes the middle. There are many types of mustard; mouse mustard gets its name because mice eating its flowers lose their fur. Sparrow mustard gets its name because sparrows eating its seeds gain flight ability. The *Seven Volumes Classic* states: Two types, large and small mustard, treated similarly. Meng Shen states: Raw consumption triggers cinnabar-stone toxicity; should not be eaten in excess. (Japanese name: Karashi.)
White Lettuce: Cui Yu states: Bitter, cold, non-toxic. Mainly improves vision and is essential for appetite. Meng Shen states: Cold, mainly supplements tendon strength. Zhang Xuanyuan states: Benefits five zang organs, opens chest and diaphragm, retains cold qi, unblocks meridians, nourishes bones and tendons, whitens teeth, enhances intelligence, reduces sleepiness, and can be eaten regularly. It has slight cold properties; although it may cause abdominal coldness, it ultimately does not harm. However, it should not be eaten postpartum as it causes cold invasion and lower abdominal pain. (Japanese name: Chisa.)
Thistle: The *Bencao* states: Sweet, warm. Mainly nourishes essence and protects blood. Tao Hongjing's commentary states: Large thistle is tiger thistle, small thistle is cat thistle. Su Jing's commentary states: Large and small thistles look similar but differ in efficacy. The *Shiyi* states: Breaks old blood, stops new bleeding, treats sudden hematochezia, bloody diarrhea, traumatic wounds, hemorrhage, and hematemesis; take juice warm. Also good for metal wounds and bites from spiders, snakes, and scorpions. Cui Yu states: Nourishes spirit, makes one fat and strong, treats leukorrhea in women, calms the fetus, and stops hematemesis. Meng Shen states: Leaves can be cooked in soup, effectively clearing heat and wind. Fresh leaves applied stop bleeding from metal wounds. (Japanese name: Asami.)
Jing Vegetable: Cui Yu states: Stops diarrhea, sweet and bitter, slightly cold, slightly toxic. Mainly treats heart heat, irritability, and vomiting. Also known as [Name]. Root pounded and applied to nail infections extracts the abscess root. (Japanese name: Fufushi.)
Orchid Lily: Cui Yu states: Pungent, warm, non-toxic. Stops cough, cold diarrhea, and hiccups. (Japanese name: Saranoshi.)
Purslane: The *Bencao* states: Sour, neutral, non-toxic. Mainly treats chronic malignant sores. Su Jing states: This is Portulaca oleracea. The *Seven Volumes Classic* states: Treats polydipsia and miscellaneous sores. Zhang Xuanyuan states: Boiled as soup, it greatly benefits people. (Japanese name: Hakubairyo.)
Lange Grass: Cui Yu states: Pungent and fragrant, cold, neutral, non-toxic. Mainly promotes diuresis, wards off misfortune, prevents aging, and clarifies the spirit. (Japanese name: Ararashi.)
Coriander: Cui Yu states: Pungent and foul-smelling. Eating it regulates digestion and directs qi downward. Especially important for river and sea bird and fish sashimi. Meng Shen states: Digests grains; long-term consumption causes forgetfulness. Zhang Xuanyuan states: Benefits deficiencies of the five zang organs but should not be eaten in excess as it damages spirit. (Note: Harmful substance. Japanese name: Eji.)
Smartweed: The *Bencao* states: Pungent and warm, non-toxic. Mainly improves vision and warms the middle. Dispels wind-cold, eliminates fluid retention, facial/eye swelling, and abscesses. Leaves enter the tongue, remove pathogenic qi from large and small intestines, benefit the middle, and enhance will. The *Shiyi* states: Smartweed treats abdominal masses, also known as 'Nu Zeng', indicating it weakens sexual function and should not be near the yin area. Both smartweed and fish mint weaken yang. The *Seven Volumes Classic* states: Excessive consumption causes vomiting of water and further damages sexual function. The *Qianjin Fang* states: Yellow Emperor said: Excessive consumption of smartweed is toxic and causes heart pain. (Japanese name: Amata.)
Lotus: The *Bencao* states: Slightly warm. Mainly treats gu poisoning and malaria. Tao Hongjing's commentary states: Red ones are red lotus, white ones are cover-juice leaves. They are the same species. For food, red is superior; for medicine, white treats gu poisoning. Drinking its juice and lying on its leaves calls out the gu master's name. Excessive consumption damages medicinal potency. Not suitable for planting in podagra households. White lotus also repels snakes. Su Jing states: Treats various malignant sores, kills stinging gu poison roots, and treats rice/wheat awns entering the eye; juice instillation expels them. Cui Yu states: Commonly eaten, beneficial without harm. (Japanese name: Koma.)
Celery: The *Bencao* states: Sweet, neutral. Mainly treats leukorrhea in women, stops bleeding, nourishes essence, protects blood vessels. Benefits qi, makes one fat and strong, and increases appetite. Also known as Bingying. The *Shiyi* states: Stem and leaf juice treats sudden fever in children and alcohol-heat toxicity/nasal congestion/body heat in adults; promotes bowel/bladder movements. Cui Yu states: Sweet, slightly cold, non-toxic, promotes urination, removes fluid distension. Meng Shen states: Nourishes spirit, benefits strength, kills stone-drug toxicity. Zhang Xuanyuan states: Eating with vinegar harms people and blackens teeth. If not grown high, it is suitable for people. Water celery contains insects whose larvae harm humans. The *Yangsheng Yaoji* states: Celery with fine hairy leaves is fatal if eaten. (Japanese name: Serii.)
Water Shield: The *Bencao* states: Sweet, cold, non-toxic. Mainly treats sudden heat, asthma, and infant erysipelas. The *Seven Volumes Classic* states: Guangling people call it Jie, also known as Chun Cai or Water Reed. (Japanese name: Nashi.)
Bracken Fern: Cui Yu states: Salty, bitter, slightly cold, non-toxic. Tonifies the middle, benefits strength. Some say excessive consumption causes sleepiness and heavy body. Not suitable for yang-dominant people, but suitable for yin-dominant people. Eating one or two jin of bracken prevents illness for life; eaten as dried jerky or steamed in winter. Meng Shen states: Causes leg weakness and inability to walk, diminishes sexual function, shrinks penis, causes hair loss, nasal congestion, and dim vision in children. Children should not eat it as it prevents walking. The *Shiyi* states: Children eating it suffer leg weakness. The Four Old Men lived long eating mushrooms, while Yiqi died eating bracken; thus it is not a good substance. The *Sou Shen Ji* states: Jian Zhen went hunting in Dantu in February, ate a bracken stem, felt ill, vomited a small snake which dried into a fern upon viewing, and then recovered. This shows it should not be eaten raw. (Japanese name: Warabi.)
Artemisia Princeps: The *Seven Volumes Classic* states: Cold, no benefit or harm. Cui Yu states: Improves vision. Salty, warm, non-toxic. Opens the chest cavity, resembles mugwort but fragrant; making soup benefits people. (Japanese name: Onpoji.)
Water Shield (Oenanthe javanica): The *Bencao* states: Sweet, cold. Mainly treats polydipsia and heat-bi syndrome. Tao Hongjing's commentary states: Directs qi downward. Su Jing's commentary states: Long-term consumption is very suitable. Meng Shen states: Excessive consumption triggers hemorrhoids. The *Shiyi* states: Although an aquatic plant, it is hot in nature, obstructs qi, and those with warm diseases eating it often die because its slippery nature prevents spleen digestion. Regular consumption obstructs qi, causes joint qi urgency, and excessive salivation. Su Jing states: Top grade, mainly treats podagra. The error in the Podagra Treatise recommending its consumption is profound. (Japanese name: Numanaba.)
Artemisia capillaris: Cui Yu states: Salty, very cold, non-toxic. Mainly treats jaundice and polydipsia. (Japanese name: Kahoborai.)
Pinellia: The *Shiyi* states: Pungent, cold, toxic. Mainly treats carbuncles and wind-toxin. Grind and apply to swelling; boil in ash lye into cakes, season with five flavors, and eat to treat polydipsia. Raw juice pierces the throat and causes bleeding. Grows in Wu and Shu. Leaves resemble Pinellia, roots resemble [Name], likes shady places, raindrops on leaves produce offspring. Also known as [Name], has spotted branches, roots and seedlings similar, blooms straight red fruits in autumn. Roots applied to carbuncles are effective, but do not eat [Name]. (Japanese name: Korujiuku.)
Arctium Lappa: The *Bencao* states: Arctium fruit, also known as Niubang or Mouse Sticking Grass. Pungent, neutral. Mainly improves vision, tonifies the middle, treats wind-stroke, facial swelling, and polydipsia. Su Jing's commentary states: Roots treat toothache, leg weakness; carbuncles, cough, hernia, and blood accumulation. (Japanese name: Satasashisu.)
Artemisia Capillaris: Cui Yu states: Salty, very cold, non-toxic. Mainly treats jaundice and polydipsia. (Japanese name: Kahoborai.)
Wood Mushroom: The *Seven Volumes Classic* states: Sweet, warm, neutral. Eating it lightens the body and benefits the nine orifices. Any mushroom growing on toxic wood, if unrecognized and boiled/eaten, is fatal. Do not lightly consume. Also states: Rock ear is cold, grows on rocks, eating it is beneficial. Earth mushroom is warm and neutral, tonifies five zang organs and benefits qi. Cui Yu states: Mushrooms remove heat qi; raw is cold, dried is warm. The *Shiyi* states: Changed color upon gathering is toxic; glowing at night is toxic; undercooked is toxic; upside-down caps are toxic. Non-toxic in winter/spring, toxic in autumn/summer due to snake passage. White and soft winter mushrooms are non-toxic; long-term consumption benefits intestines/stomach. The *Yangsheng Yaoji* states: Wood mushroom is sweet, warm/neutral, lightens body, benefits nine orifices. Red mushrooms are inedible and harmful. Rolled mushrooms are harmful. Green mushrooms are inedible. Black fungus that is green or upside-down is harmful. Mushrooms from maple trees cause uncontrollable laughter. Treatment for mushroom poisoning causing delirium: Drink soybean decoction or earth slurry. (Japanese name: Shinotakai.)