榆皮 《本草》云∶味甘，平，无毒，主大小便不通水道，除邪气、肠胃中热气，消肿。
性滑利，疗小儿头疮 ，久服轻身不饥。其实尤良。花主小儿痫、小便不利。《陶景注》云∶
令人睡眠。嵇公所谓∶榆令人眠。《礼记》云∶粉榆以滑之。（榆白曰粉）《养生要集》云∶
多睡，发痰。（和名尔礼。）
辛夷 《本草》云∶味辛，无毒，主五脏身体寒风，风头脑痛，利九窍，生发鬓，去白
虫，增年。崔禹云∶食之利九窍，味辛香，温，无毒，其子可啖之。（和名也末安良良支。）
昆布 《本草》云∶味咸，寒，无毒，主十二种水肿，瘿瘤，气 。陶景注云∶干性热，
柔甚冷。《拾遗》云∶生颓卵肿，含汁咽之。崔禹云∶治九 风热热瘅，手脚疼痹，以生啖
之，益人。（和名比吕米。）
海藻 《本草》云∶味苦咸，寒，无毒，主瘿瘤气，颈下核，破散结气，痈肿， 瘕，
坚气，腹中上下鸣，下十二水，水肿，皮间积聚。暴颓留气，热结，利小便。崔禹云∶味咸，
小冷，一名海发，其状如乱发。孟诜曰∶食之起男子阴，恒食消男子 。鱼玄子张云∶瘦
人不可食之。（和名尔支女。）
鹿角菜 《养生要集》云∶味咸，冷利，食之动嗽。（今按∶损害物。和名都乃未多。）
石 崔禹云∶味咸至滑，滑然大冷，无毒，食之止口烂，治消渴，进食。（和名古毛）
紫苔 崔禹云∶味酸，小冷，无毒，生水底石上，食之止消渴。（和名须牟乃利。）
蕺 《本草》云∶味辛，微温，多食令人气喘。《陶景注》云∶不利人肺，恐闭气故也。
（今按∶损害物，和名之不支。）
葱 《本草》云∶葱实味辛，温，无毒，主明目，补中不足。茎主伤寒，寒热，出汗，
中风，面目肿，喉痹不通，安胎，除肝邪气，利五脏，杀百药毒。崔禹云∶其茎白者，性冷，
青者性热。根主伤寒头痛。《七卷经》云∶味辛，温，不可食，伤人心气。（和名纯。）
薤 《本草》云∶味辛苦，温，无毒，主金疮疮败，轻身，不饥，耐老，除寒热，温中，
利病患。《拾遗》云∶调中，主久利不瘥，大腹内常恶者，但多煮食之。苏敬云∶薤有赤白
二种，白者补而美，赤主金疮。崔禹云∶食，长毛发。孟诜云∶长服之可通神灵，甚安魂魄，
续筋力。（和名于保美良。）
韭 《本草》云∶味辛酸，温，无毒，主安五脏，除胃热，利病患，可久食。根主养发。
《陶注》云∶是养性所忌。孟诜云∶冷，气人，可煮长服之。《拾遗》云∶温中下气，补虚
调和腑脏，令人能食，止泄白脓，腹冷痛，蒸煮食之。叶根捣绞汁，服解诸药毒狂犬咬人，
亦杀蛇虺蝎恶虫毒。又汁多，服主胸痹骨痛。俗云韭菜是草钟乳，言其宜人信然也。（和名
已美良。）
苏 《本草》云∶味辛，温，无毒，归脾肾，主霍乱，腹中不安；消谷理胃，温中，除
邪痹毒瓦斯。崔禹云∶性温，薰臭中风冷霍乱，煮饮汁至良。或云∶主腹中生疮及疝瘕。《七
卷经》云∶损人，不可长食。孟诜云∶大蒜，热，除风杀虫毒瓦斯。（今按∶损害物，和名已
比留。）
葫 《本草》云∶味辛，温，有毒，散痈肿 疮，除风邪，杀毒瓦斯。独子者亦佳。归五
脏，久食伤人，损目明。《陶注》云∶葫为大蒜，蒜为小蒜，俗人作齑，以啖脍肉，损性伐
命，莫此之甚。《拾遗》云∶葫大蒜去水恶、瘴气，除风湿，破冷气。烂 癖，伏邪恶，宣
通温补，无已加之。初食不利目，多食却明，使毛发白。合皮截却两头吞之名为内灸。崔禹
云∶味辛KT ，大温，杀鬼毒诸气。云独子者曰葫，少者如百合。片者曰蒜，以作齑；合
虫鱼肉鸟食之为快味。或云久食损性伐命者，今常啖之无有损，是事为不可信耳。但服药曰
慎辟之。马琬云∶不益药性，若直尔啖之，亦应通气。《千金方》云∶多食生葫，行房伤肝
气，令人面色无。（今按∶损害物、和名于保比留。）
蜀椒 《本草》云∶味辛，大热，有毒，主邪气咳逆，温中，下气，逐骨节皮肤肌寒温
痹痛，除五脏六腑寒冷，心腹留饮宿食肠 下利， 结，水肿，黄胆，鬼注，蛊毒，杀虫鱼，
久服头不白。轻身，增年，坚齿发，耐寒暑。崔禹云∶食之温中五脏六腑冷风。孟诜云∶除
客热，不可久食，钝人性灵。《养生要集》云。椒，闭口及色白者，食蒸杀人。（今按∶损害
物，和名不佐波之加美。）
菊 《本草》云∶味苦甘，平，无毒，主风头，头眩，肿痛，目欲脱，泪出，皮肤死肌，
恶风，湿痹痛，去来陶陶，胸中烦热，安肠胃，利五脏，调四肢，久服轻身延年耐老。崔禹
云∶仙经以菊为妙药，吴孺子三月三日生，生日常摘菊苗蒸煮啖之，遇于青归子，俱共游于
芳壶，一云石台，遂乘于紫云，升于青天。大补，成好，啖其花头不白筋不KT 之。（和名
支久。）
榆皮 《本草》记载：味甘，性平，无毒。主治大小便不通、水道阻滞，清除邪气及肠胃中的热气，消除肿胀。性质滑利，治疗小儿头部疮疡，长期服用可使人身体轻盈、不感饥饿。其果实效果更佳。花主治小儿癫痫、小便不利。《陶弘景注》记载：能令人嗜睡。嵇康曾说：“榆树让人睡眠。”《礼记》记载：用榆粉来润滑。（榆白皮称为粉）《养生要集》记载：多食导致嗜睡，生痰。（日本名称为“尔礼”。）
辛夷 《本草》记载：味辛，无毒。主治五脏及身体受风寒，风邪引起的头痛，通利九窍，促进头发和鬓角生长，去除白虫，延年益寿。崔禹锡说：食用它可通利九窍，味道辛香，性温，无毒，其种子可以食用。（日本名称为“也末安良良支”。）
昆布 《本草》记载：味咸，性寒，无毒。主治十二种水肿、瘿瘤（甲状腺肿）、气滞。陶弘景注解说：干燥后性热，质地非常冷。《拾遗》记载：治疗阴囊下垂肿胀，含汁液吞咽。崔禹锡说：治疗九种风热、热病、手脚疼痛麻木，生吃有益于人。（日本名称为“比吕米”。）
海藻 《本草》记载：味苦、咸，性寒，无毒。主治瘿瘤气、颈部肿块，破除散结气，痈肿，癥瘕（腹部积块），坚硬的积气，腹中上下鸣响，排出十二水之邪，水肿，皮下积聚。暴发性阴囊肿胀留滞之气，热结，通利小便。崔禹锡说：味咸，微冷，又名海发，形状像乱发。孟诜说：食用它能激发男子性功能，常食消耗男子精气。鱼玄子张云：瘦人不可食用。（日本名称为“尔支女”。）
鹿角菜 《养生要集》记载：味咸，性冷而滑利，食用会引发咳嗽。（按语：属损害物。日本名称为“都乃未多”。）
石莼 崔禹锡说：味咸至滑，滑润且大冷，无毒，食用可治疗口腔溃烂，治疗消渴症，增进食欲。（日本名称为“古毛”。）
紫苔 崔禹锡说：味酸，微冷，无毒，生于水底石上，食用可治疗消渴症。（日本名称为“须牟乃利”。）
蕺菜（鱼腥草） 《本草》记载：味辛，微温，多食令人气喘。《陶弘景注》说：不利于肺，恐怕是因为闭塞气机所致。（按语：属损害物，日本名称为“之不支”。）
葱 《本草》记载：葱实味辛，性温，无毒，主治明目，补益中气不足。葱茎主治伤寒，寒热往来，出汗，中风，面目浮肿，喉痹不通，安胎，祛除肝经邪气，通利五脏，杀灭百药毒。崔禹锡说：葱茎白色部分性冷，青色部分性热。葱根主治伤寒头痛。《七卷经》说：味辛，性温，不可多食，损伤人心气。（日本名称为“纯”。）
薤（小根蒜） 《本草》记载：味辛苦，性温，无毒。主治金创疮口溃败，轻身，不饥，抗衰老，除寒热，温中，利于病患康复。《拾遗》记载：调理中焦，主治久痢不愈，大腹内常有恶浊之物者，只需多煮食之。苏敬说：薤有赤、白两种，白色者补益且美味，红色者主治金创。崔禹锡说：食用可促进头发生长。孟诜说：长期服用可通神灵，安定魂魄，接续筋力。（日本名称为“于保美良”。）
韭菜 《本草》记载：味辛酸，性温，无毒。主治安五脏，除胃热，利于病患康复，可长期食用。韭菜根主治养发。《陶弘景注》说：这是养生所忌讳的。孟诜说：性冷，气入人体，可煮熟长期服用。《拾遗》记载：温中下气，补虚调和脏腑，令人能食，止泄白脓，腹冷痛，蒸煮食用。叶根捣碎绞汁，服用可解诸药毒及狂犬咬伤，也能杀灭蛇虺蝎等恶虫毒。若汁液过多服用，主治胸痹骨痛。俗语说韭菜是草钟乳，言其对人有益确是如此。（日本名称为“已美良”。）
苏（紫苏） 《本草》记载：味辛，性温，无毒，归脾肾经，主治霍乱，腹中不安；消谷理胃，温中，除邪痹毒瓦斯。崔禹锡说：性温，熏臭中风冷霍乱，煮饮汁液很好。有人说：主治腹中生疮及疝瘕。《七卷经》说：损伤人，不可长期食用。孟诜说：大蒜，性热，除风杀虫毒瓦斯。（按语：属损害物，日本名称为“已比留”。）
葫（大蒜） 《本草》记载：味辛，性温，有毒，散痈肿疮毒，除风邪，杀毒瓦斯。独瓣者亦佳。归五脏，长期食用伤人，损目明。《陶弘景注》说：葫即大蒜，蒜即小蒜，俗人做酱菜，用来配鱼肉，损害本性伐害生命，没有比这更严重的了。《拾遗》记载：葫（大蒜）去水恶、瘴气，除风湿，破冷气。烂癖，伏邪恶，宣通温补，无出其右。初食不利目，多食却明目，使毛发变白。将皮剥去截断两头吞下名为内灸。崔禹锡说：味辛KT，大温，杀鬼毒诸气。说独瓣的叫葫，少瓣的如百合。片状的叫蒜，用来做酱菜；合虫鱼肉鸟食之为快味。有人说长期食用损性伐命，现在常吃并无损害，此事不可信。但服药时需谨慎避开它。马琬说：不益药性，如果直接吃，也应通气。《千金方》说：多吃生葫，行房事伤肝气，令人面色无华。（按语：属损害物、日本名称为“于保比留”。）
蜀椒 《本草》记载：味辛，大热，有毒。主治邪气咳逆，温中，下气，驱逐骨节皮肤肌肉寒温痹痛，除五脏六腑寒冷，心腹留饮宿食肠澼下利，痞结，水肿，黄疸，鬼注，蛊毒，杀虫鱼，长期服用头发不白。轻身，增年，坚齿发，耐寒暑。崔禹锡说：食用可温中五脏六腑冷风。孟诜说：除客热，不可久食，钝人性灵。《养生要集》说：椒，闭口及色白者，食蒸杀人。（按语：属损害物，日本名称为“不佐波之加美”。）
菊 《本草》记载：味苦甘，性平，无毒。主治风头，头晕，肿痛，目欲脱，泪出，皮肤死肌，恶风，湿痹痛，去来陶陶，胸中烦热，安肠胃，利五脏，调四肢，长期服用轻身延年耐老。崔禹锡说：仙经以菊为妙药，吴孺子三月三日出生，生日当天采摘菊苗蒸煮食用，遇见青归子，共同游于芳壶，一说石台，遂乘紫云，升于青天。大补，成好，吃其花头不白，筋不KT。（日本名称为“支久”。）
Urticae Cortex (Elm Bark) Bencao records: Sweet in flavor, neutral in nature, non-toxic. It primarily treats obstruction of urination and defecation, clears pathogenic factors and heat in the intestines and stomach, and reduces swelling. Its nature is slippery and lubricating; it treats sores on the heads of children. Long-term consumption lightens the body and relieves hunger. Its fruit is particularly effective. The flowers treat infantile epilepsy and difficult urination. Tao Hongjing's commentary records: It induces sleep. Ji Kang stated: "Elm makes people sleep." The Book of Rites records: "Use elm powder to lubricate." (The white inner bark of elm is called 'fen'.) Yangsheng Yaoji records: Excessive consumption leads to drowsiness and phlegm production. (Japanese name: Nire.)
Magnoliae Flos (Xinyi) Bencao records: Pungent in flavor, non-toxic. It treats wind-cold affecting the five zang organs and the body, wind-induced headaches, unblocks the nine orifices, promotes hair growth on the scalp and temples, removes white worms, and extends lifespan. Cui Yuxin states: Consuming it unblocks the nine orifices; its flavor is pungent and fragrant, warm in nature, non-toxic, and its seeds are edible. (Japanese name: Yamianliangliangzhi.)
Laminaria Thallus (Kunbu) Bencao records: Salty in flavor, cold in nature, non-toxic. It treats twelve types of edema, goiter, and qi stagnation. Tao Hongjing's commentary notes: When dried, it becomes hot in nature but very cold in texture. Shiyi records: It treats scrotal swelling; one should hold the juice in the mouth and swallow it. Cui Yuxin states: It treats nine types of wind-heat, febrile diseases, and pain/numbness in hands and feet; eating it raw benefits the person. (Japanese name: Hirumi.)
Sargassum Thallus (Haizao) Bencao records: Bitter and salty in flavor, cold in nature, non-toxic. It treats goiter qi, neck masses, breaks up stagnant qi, abscesses, zheng jia (abdominal masses), hard accumulations, bowel sounds throughout the abdomen, drains water from the lower body, edema, and subcutaneous accumulations. It treats sudden scrotal swelling with retained qi, heat accumulation, and promotes diuresis. Cui Yuxin states: Salty in flavor, slightly cold, also known as 'Sea Hair', resembling tangled hair. Meng Shen says: Consuming it stimulates male libido; habitual consumption depletes male essence. Yu Xuanzi Zhang says: Emaciated persons should not consume it. (Japanese name: Erzhi Nu.)
Corallinae Herba (Lujiaocai) Yangsheng Yaoji records: Salty in flavor, cold and purgative; consumption induces coughing. (Note: Harmful substance. Japanese name: Tonemita.)
Ulva Lactuca (Shi Huan) Cui Yuxin states: Salty to slippery in flavor, slippery and very cold, non-toxic. Consumption stops oral ulcers, treats xiao ke (wasting-thirst syndrome), and promotes appetite. (Japanese name: Kemo.)
Porphyra Thallus (Zitai) Cui Yuxin states: Sour in flavor, slightly cold, non-toxic, grows on stones at the bottom of water bodies. Consumption treats xiao ke (wasting-thirst syndrome). (Japanese name: Sumunori.)
Houttuyniae Herba (Ji Ben Cao) records: Pungent in flavor, slightly warm; excessive consumption causes asthma. Tao Hongjing's commentary states: It is detrimental to the lungs, likely due to obstructing qi flow. (Note: Harmful substance. Japanese name: No fu shi.)
Allii Fistulosi Bulbus (Cong) Bencao records: The fruit of the green onion is pungent, warm, and non-toxic; it brightens the eyes and supplements deficiency of the middle jiao. The stem treats tai yang disease (cold damage), alternating chills and fever, sweating, wind stroke, facial and ocular swelling, throat obstruction, calms the fetus, removes liver pathogenic qi, benefits the five zang organs, and neutralizes drug poisons. Cui Yuxin states: The white part of the stem is cold in nature, while the green part is hot. The root treats headache caused by tai yang disease. The Seven Volume Scripture states: Pungent, warm; should not be eaten excessively as it damages heart qi. (Japanese name: Jun.)
Allii Macrostemonis Bulbus (Xie) Bencao records: Pungent and bitter, warm, non-toxic. It treats traumatic wounds with ulceration, lightens the body, relieves hunger, promotes longevity, dispels chills and fever, warms the middle, and aids patient recovery. Shiyi records: It regulates the middle jiao, treats chronic dysentery that does not heal, and abdominal fullness with foul sensations; simply boil and eat it frequently. Su Jing states: There are red and white varieties of xie; the white variety is nourishing and delicious, while the red variety treats traumatic wounds. Cui Yuxin states: Consumption promotes hair growth. Meng Shen states: Long-term use can connect with spiritual powers, greatly calm the soul, and restore tendon strength. (Japanese name: Obimiry.)
Allii Tuberosi Bulbus (Jiu) Bencao records: Pungent and sour, warm, non-toxic. It calms the five zang organs, clears stomach heat, aids patient recovery, and can be consumed long-term. The root nourishes hair. Tao Hongjing's commentary states: This is contraindicated for health preservation. Meng Shen states: Cold in nature, qi enters the body; it can be boiled and consumed long-term. Shiyi records: It warms the middle and directs qi downward, tonifies deficiency, harmonizes the fu organs, improves appetite, stops diarrhea with white pus, and treats cold abdominal pain when steamed and eaten. Juice extracted from crushed leaves and roots, when taken, resolves various drug poisons and dog bites, and kills venomous snakes and insects. If taken in large quantities, it treats chest bi (obstruction) and bone pain. Folklore claims leek is a herbaceous rhodochrosite, stating its benefit to humans is indeed true. (Japanese name: Imiryo.)
Perillae Folium (Su) Bencao records: Pungent, warm, non-toxic, enters the spleen and kidney meridians. It treats hu luan (cholera-like syndrome) and abdominal discomfort; promotes digestion, regulates the stomach, warms the middle, and eliminates pathogenic bi and toxic vapors. Cui Yuxin states: Warm in nature; for wind-cold hu luan, boiling and drinking the juice is excellent. Some say it treats abdominal sores and hernias. The Seven Volume Scripture states: Damaging to humans; should not be consumed long-term. Meng Shen states: Garlic is hot; it dispels wind and kills parasites/toxins. (Note: Harmful substance. Japanese name: Ibi ru.)
Allii Sativi Bulbus (Hu) Bencao records: Pungent, warm, toxic. It disperses abscesses and sores, expels wind pathogens, and detoxifies. Single-clove bulbs are also good. It enters the five zang organs; long-term consumption harms humans and dulls vision. Tao Hongjing's commentary states: Hu refers to garlic, while suan refers to small garlic. Common people make pickles with them to eat with meat, severely damaging one's nature and life force. Shiyi records: Garlic removes water-related evils and miasma, dispels wind-dampness, and breaks cold qi. It treats stubborn phlegm-rheum, suppresses evil influences, and provides unblocking and warming tonification without equal. Initial consumption harms the eyes, but excessive consumption clarifies vision and whitens hair. Peeling the skin, cutting off both ends, and swallowing whole is called 'internal moxibustion'. Cui Yuxin states: Pungent [unclear character], very warm, kills ghost toxins and various qi disorders. He distinguishes single-clove as 'hu' and few-clove as resembling lily bulbs. Cloves are 'suan', used for pickles; combined with insect/fish/meat/birds, they are considered delicious. Some claim long-term consumption damages nature and life; however, current frequent consumption shows no harm, making this claim unreliable. However, one must be cautious avoiding it when taking medicine. Ma Wan states: It does not enhance medicinal properties; if eaten directly, it should promote qi flow. Qianjin Fang states: Excessive consumption of raw garlic during sexual intercourse damages liver qi, causing a sallow complexion. (Note: Harmful substance. Japanese name: Obibiru.)
Zanthoxyli Pericarpium (Shujiao) Bencao records: Pungent, very hot, toxic. It treats pathogenic cough and counterflow qi, warms the middle, directs qi downward, drives out cold-warm bi pain in bones, joints, skin, and muscles, dispels cold from the five zang and six fu organs, treats retained fluid and old food in the heart and abdomen, intestinal dysentery, stagnation, edema, jaundice, ghost injection, gu poison, kills parasites/fish, and long-term consumption prevents graying of hair. It lightens the body, extends lifespan, strengthens teeth and hair, and enhances resistance to cold and heat. Cui Yuxin states: Consumption warms the cold wind in the five zang and six fu organs. Meng Shen states: Dispels external heat; should not be consumed long-term as it dulls mental agility. Yangsheng Yaoji states: Pepper with closed pores and white color, when steamed and eaten, can kill. (Note: Harmful substance. Japanese name: Fusawano kame.)
Chrysanthemi Flos (Ju) Bencao records: Bitter and sweet, neutral, non-toxic. It treats head wind, vertigo, swelling and pain, sensation of eyes protruding, tearing, dead skin/muscle, aversion to wind, damp-bi pain, dizziness, chest irritability, calms the intestines and stomach, benefits the five zang organs, harmonizes the four limbs, and long-term consumption lightens the body, extends life, and promotes longevity. Cui Yuxin states: Immortal scriptures regard chrysanthemum as a miraculous drug. Wu Ruzi was born on the third day of the third month; on his birthday, he picked chrysanthemum seedlings, steamed and ate them. He met Qing Guizi, and together they roamed in the Fragrant Pot, or Stone Terrace, then rode purple clouds into the blue sky. It greatly tonifies and perfects; eating its flower heads prevents graying and stiffening of tendons. (Japanese name: Shiku.)