又五脏论有称耆婆者云∶一月如珠露,二月如桃花,三月男女分,四月形象全,五月筋骨成,六月毛
发生,七月动右手于母腹左,八月动左手于母腹右,九月三转身,十月满足生。若验得未成形象,只念所
堕胎作血肉一片、或一块,若经日坏烂,多化为水。若所堕胎已成形象者,谓头、脑、口、眼、耳、鼻、手
、脚、指甲等全,亦有脐带之类。若胎在母腹中被惊而死,其胎下系紫黑色,血荫软弱。若生下腹外死者,
其尸系淡红赤色,胞衣白,却无紫黑色,极易验也。
咽之与喉有二窍,前后不同,喉在前,咽在后。咽则因物而咽,以应地气。而为胃之系,下连胃管,
为水谷之道路。自咽而入于胃,胃主腐熟水谷。其水谷精悍之气,自胃之上口,出于贲门,输于脾,脾气
散精,上归于心,淫精于脉,脉气流经,经气归于肺。肺朝百脉,输精于皮毛,毛脉合精,气行于腑,
腑精神明,留于四脏,冲和百脉,颐养神气,利关节,通九窍,滋志意者也。其滓秽,则自胃之下口,入
于幽门,传于小肠,自小肠下口,至于大肠上口,大小二肠相会为阑门;阑门者,阑约水谷以分别也。
其水则渗灌入于膀胱,膀胱者,胞之室也,胞虚受水,而为藏水之室家也。其浊秽入于大肠,大肠一名回
肠,以其回屈而受小肠之浊秽也。喉主出纳,以应天气。而为肺之系,下接肺经,为喘息之道路,自喉咙
而通于肺,肺下无窍而有空,行列分布。诸藏清浊之气,以为气管。大肠为肺之府,肺色白,故大肠为白
肠。主传送浊秽之气下行,而不使上干于心肺,所谓传泻行道之府也。肺之下有心,心系有二,一则上与
肺相通,一则自肺叶曲折向后,并脊膂细络相连,贯脊通髓,而与肾系相通。小肠为心之腑,心色赤,故
小肠为赤肠。主引心火浊气下行,而不使上干于华盖,所谓容受之府也。盖心通五脏系,而为五脏之主。
有膈膜遮蔽浊气,不得上熏于心,所以真心不受邪凌犯;其所以致病者,心包络耳。心包络是心上漫脂之
外有细筋如丝,与心肺相连者是也。心包络经自膻中散布,络绕于三焦;三
焦其气通灌十二经络,上下往来,无有休息,自与心包络配合为表里,故俱有名而无合应。脾系在膈
下,着右胁,上与胃膜相连。胃为脾之府,脾色黄,故胃为黄肠。而为水谷之府也。肝系在心肺下,着
左胁,上贯膈,入肺中,与膈膜相连。而胆在肝短叶之间。胆为肝之府,肝色青,故胆为青肠。而为清
净之府也。肾与脐对,形如石卵,而曲附脊膂,有系上通于心,所谓坎离相感,水火升降者此也。膀胱为
肾之府,肾色黑,故膀胱为黑肠。而为津液之府也。
另外,在《五脏论》中引用耆婆的话说:胎儿怀孕一个月时像露珠一样小,两个月时像桃花一样,三个月时男女性别分化,四个月时形体完备,五个月时筋骨形成,六个月时毛发生长,七个月时胎儿在母腹左侧动右手,八个月时在母腹右侧动左手,九个月时转动三次身位,十个月时足月出生。如果查验发现胎儿尚未形成完整形象,堕落后只是一片血肉或一块肉;如果经过多日腐烂,大多化为水。如果堕落的胎儿已经形成完整形象,如头、脑、口、眼、耳、鼻、手、脚、指甲等都齐全,也有脐带之类的附属物。如果胎儿在母腹中因受惊而死,其排出的胎体呈紫黑色,血液浸润且质地软弱。如果是生下后在体外死亡的,其尸体呈淡红赤色,胞衣(胎盘)为白色,没有紫黑色,很容易辨别。
咽和喉有两个不同的窍道,位置前后不同。喉在前,咽在后。咽是用来吞咽食物的,以顺应地气。它是胃的系连部分,向下连接胃管,是水谷进入体内的道路。食物从咽进入胃,胃负责腐熟消化水谷。其中水谷精悍之气,从胃的上口贲门出来,输送到脾,脾气散布精微物质,向上归于心,渗注于脉中,脉气流行于经脉,经气最终归于肺。肺朝会百脉,将精气输布到皮毛,毛与脉中的精气结合,气运行于腑,腑的精神清明,留存于四脏,冲和百脉,颐养神气,利关节,通九窍,滋养志意。至于糟粕秽浊之物,则从胃的下口幽门进入小肠,从小肠下口传到大肠上口,大小二肠在此相会称为阑门;阑门的作用是约束水谷以分别清浊。其中的水分渗入灌注到膀胱,膀胱是胞的室舍,胞空虚容纳水液,成为藏水的场所。其中的浊秽之物进入大肠,大肠又名回肠,因其回屈曲折而接受小肠传来的浊秽。喉主管呼吸出入,以顺应天气。它是肺的系连部分,向下连接肺经,是喘息的道路,自喉咙通达于肺,肺下面没有窍孔而是有空隙,行列分布。各脏腑的清浊之气,作为气管。大肠是肺的府库,肺色白,所以大肠被称为白肠。主要传送浊秽之气下行,而不使其上扰心肺,这就是所谓的“传泻行道之府”。肺的下方有心,心系有两个分支,一个向上与肺相通,另一个从肺叶曲折向后,沿着脊柱细络相连,贯穿脊骨连通骨髓,而与肾系相通。小肠是心的府库,心色赤,所以小肠被称为赤肠。主要引导心火的浊气下行,而不使其上扰华盖(心肺),这就是所谓的“容受之府”。大概心通过五脏系连,成为五脏的主宰。有膈膜遮蔽浊气,不让其上熏于心,所以真心不受邪气侵犯;导致心脏致病的原因,在于心包络。心包络是心脏外面漫溢脂肪之外还有细丝般的筋络,与心肺相连的部分。心包络经气自膻中散布,络绕于三焦;三焦的气机通灌十二经络,上下往来,没有休息,自然与心包络配合为表里关系,所以二者都有名称但没有具体的合应器官。脾的系连在膈下,附着于右胁,向上与胃膜相连。胃是脾的府库,脾色黄,所以胃被称为黄肠。它是水谷的府库。肝的系连在心肺之下,附着于左胁,向上贯穿膈肌,进入肺中,与膈膜相连。而胆位于肝的短叶之间。胆是肝的府库,肝色青,所以胆被称为青肠。它是清净的府库。肾与肚脐相对,形状像石卵,弯曲附着于脊柱,有系连向上通达于心,这就是所谓坎离相感、水火升降的道理。膀胱是肾的府库,肾色黑,所以膀胱被称为黑肠。它是津液的府库。
Furthermore, in the *Treatise on the Five Viscera* (Wuzang Lun), quoting Jipo (Jivaka), it is stated: At one month of gestation, the fetus is like a dewdrop; at two months, like a peach blossom; at three months, male and female distinctions appear; at four months, the form is complete; at five months, bones and sinews are formed; at six months, hair grows; at seven months, the fetus moves its right hand while located on the left side of the womb; at eight months, it moves its left hand while located on the right side of the womb; at nine months, it turns three times; and at ten months, it is fully developed and born. If examination reveals that the fetus has not yet formed a complete shape, what is expelled is merely a mass of flesh and blood or a lump of tissue; if left to rot for several days, it mostly liquefies into water. If the expelled fetus has already formed a complete shape, with head, brain, mouth, eyes, ears, nose, hands, feet, fingernails, etc., all present, along with appendages such as the umbilical cord. If the fetus dies in the womb due to fright, the expelled fetal body appears purplish-black, with blood infiltration and soft texture. If the infant dies after birth outside the body, the corpse appears pale red or crimson, the placenta (Baoyi) is white, lacking the purplish-black hue, making it easy to distinguish.
The pharynx (Yan) and larynx (Hou) have two distinct openings, positioned front and back respectively. The larynx is anterior, and the pharynx is posterior. The pharynx is used for swallowing food, corresponding to Earth Qi. It serves as the connection to the Stomach, extending downward to connect with the gastric tube, acting as the pathway for food and fluids. Food enters the Stomach from the pharynx, where the Stomach is responsible for rotting and ripening the food and fluids. The vigorous essence of the food and fluids emerges from the upper opening of the Stomach, the Jian Gate (Benmen), is transported to the Spleen, which disperses the refined essences upward to the Heart. The essence permeates the vessels, vessel qi flows through the meridians, and meridian qi ultimately returns to the Lung. The Lung receives all vessels, distributing essence to the skin and hair. The essence of skin and hair combines, and qi circulates through the Fu organs. The spirit and brightness of the Fu organs remain in the Zang organs, harmonizing the hundred vessels, nourishing the spirit and qi, benefiting the joints, unblocking the nine orifices, and supporting willpower. As for waste and turbid matter, it passes from the lower opening of the Stomach, the Youmen Gate, into the Small Intestine, and from the lower opening of the Small Intestine to the upper opening of the Large Intestine. The Small and Large Intestines meet here, called the Lanmen Gate; the function of the Lanmen Gate is to restrict food and fluids to separate clear from turbid. The fluid component seeps into the Bladder. The Bladder is the chamber of the Bao (Uterus/Bladder organ concept); the Bao is hollow to receive water, serving as the residence for storing water. The turbid waste enters the Large Intestine, also known as the Huichang (Coiled Intestine), because it coils and accepts the turbid waste from the Small Intestine. The larynx governs inhalation and exhalation, corresponding to Heaven Qi. It serves as the connection to the Lung, extending downward to connect with the Lung meridian, acting as the pathway for breathing. From the larynx, it communicates with the Lung; the Lung below has no apertures but contains empty spaces arranged in rows and columns. The clear and turbid qi of all viscera serve as airways. The Large Intestine is the Fu organ of the Lung; since the Lung is white, the Large Intestine is called the White Intestine. It primarily transports turbid qi downward, preventing it from disturbing the Heart and Lung above, thus functioning as the "Fu organ of transmission and passage." Below the Lung is the Heart. The Heart connection (Xinxi) has two branches: one connects upward to the Lung, and the other curves backward from the lung lobes, connecting via fine networks along the spine and marrow, linking with the Kidney connection. The Small Intestine is the Fu organ of the Heart; since the Heart is red, the Small Intestine is called the Red Intestine. It primarily guides the turbid qi of Heart Fire downward, preventing it from disturbing the Huagai (Lung/Heart canopy), thus functioning as the "Fu organ of containment." Generally, the Heart connects with the systems of all five Zang organs and serves as their master. The Diaphragm shields turbid qi, preventing it from steaming upward to disturb the Heart, so the True Heart is not invaded by pathogenic factors; the cause of heart disease lies in the Pericardium (Xinbaoluo). The Pericardium refers to the fatty tissue spreading over the heart, with fine thread-like sinews connecting it to the Heart and Lung. The Pericardium meridian qi spreads from the Tanzhong point, looping around the Sanjiao (Triple Burner). The qi of the Sanjiao circulates through the twelve meridians, moving up and down without rest, naturally pairing with the Pericardium as exterior-interior counterparts; thus, both have names but no specific paired organ counterpart. The Spleen connection is below the diaphragm, attaching to the right hypochondrium, connecting upward with the stomach membrane. The Stomach is the Fu organ of the Spleen; since the Spleen is yellow, the Stomach is called the Yellow Intestine. It is the Fu organ of food and fluids. The Liver connection is below the Heart and Lung, attaching to the left hypochondrium, piercing upward through the diaphragm into the Lung, connecting with the diaphragm. The Gallbladder is located between the short lobes of the Liver. The Gallbladder is the Fu organ of the Liver; since the Liver is green, the Gallbladder is called the Green Intestine. It is the Fu organ of purity and clarity. The Kidneys are opposite the navel, shaped like stone eggs, curving along the spine, with connections extending upward to communicate with the Heart, illustrating the interaction between Kan and Li (Water and Fire) and the descent and ascent of Water and Fire. The Bladder is the Fu organ of the Kidney; since the Kidney is black, the Bladder is called the Black Intestine. It is the Fu organ of body fluids.