喘谓呼吸迫促，劳动之人多有之。（如奔走则气喘是也。）其在病机，则气之上奔也。
古人又以短气名之，谓呼吸之气短促也。然有实喘虚喘之分，所当详辨。实者有邪，
邪气实也；虚者无邪，正气虚也。实喘之状，张口抬肩，摇身撷肚，胸胀气粗，
声高息涌，惟呼出之为快也。虚喘之状，气少而不续，慌张短怯，声低息微，皇皇
然若气之欲断。（似喘不抬肩，似呻吟而无痛，呼吸虽急而无痰声是也。）
实喘有由于外感者，六淫外邪壅闭肺气，以致胸满上喘也。有由于内伤者，七
情五志之动火，酒食痰湿之郁热，上壅于肺而喘也。又有一等火郁甚者，其上冲作
喘，与诸实喘无异。而阳气内郁之极，不能畅达，以致四肢厥逆，六脉伏涩，（按之鼓
指。）此不可以热药投，亦不可以寒药下，（用寒则火愈郁。）惟逍遥散（见郁）加茱、连，宣散蓄
热，得汗即愈，愈后六味（见虚损）调之。
虚喘有由于阳虚者，肺气实则能清肃下行，脾气实则能健运四布，虚则不能运
行下降，而但浮越于上也。有由于阴虚者，肝肾阴虚（兼水火言）则火上炎，乃真元耗损，
命门之火自下上冲也。其人平居若无病，但觉喘乏，察其脉，数大而虚，或微而无
力者是也。
东垣曰∶华佗云盛而为喘，《活人》亦云喘为气有余，然盛而为喘者，非肺气有
余也。气盛当认作气衰，有余当认作不足。肺气果盛，当清肃下行而不喘，以火入
于肺，肺气衰乃喘耳。故盛者非肺气盛也，乃火邪盛也。故泻之以苦寒，非泻肺气
也，泻肺中之火，即所以补肺气也。按东垣所言固是，然壮盛之人，忽为邪袭者有
之，未可便言气衰也。但喘则气越，亦必渐虚矣。
丹溪谓∶新病属实，久病属虚。按新病亦有虚者，如其人本虚，而忽感风寒，
是新病亦有虚也。久病亦有实者，如其人痰塞肺窍，久而不开，喘何由除，是久病
亦有实也。实喘治法∶伤风寒者，五虎汤、三拗汤、定喘汤、华盖散。寒束热
成痰者，陈皮汤，天寒加桂枝。乍进乍退，得食则减，（痰为食所坠下也。）食已即喘，是
痰火，桔梗二陈汤。动作便有痰声，是痰，定喘汤加栝蒌，三服后照痰证治之，甚
者神仙住喘汤。止喘而无痰者，为气实喘，苏子降气汤（见气），甚者加葶苈、前胡。七
情郁结，上气喘急，实者四磨饮、四七汤。（并见气。）诸实喘并忌敛、涩、升、补、燥、
热、酸、咸之剂，宜降气清火，润肺辛散，如苏子、桑皮、枇杷叶、前胡、乌药、
枳壳、半夏、山栀、元参、知母、青黛、黄芩、贝母、二冬、花粉、杏仁、海石、
橘红皆可用。若脉洪实，遍身痰气火气，坐卧不得，宜黄连膏。水气喘者，水气逆
行，肺气得水而浮，（观浴河者水浸至胸则喘可见。）喘不能卧，葶苈大枣汤、桂苓术甘汤（见痰
饮）等，或汗之。是湿者，渗湿汤。（见伤湿。）暑热喘者，白虎汤（见发热，）栝蒌、枳壳、黄
芩。食喘者，凡病初起即喘急，多是停食也。或放屁，甚者或咬人，消食自愈。小
儿行走气急作喘，多是食。食喘兼外感，散邪消食。《经》有胃喘一证，谓胃络不和，
气逆作喘。（胃气本下行，二阳脉亦从头走足，若不下行而反干乎上，则气喘逆。）然所以致逆者，非火
则食与痰耳，审治之。又有肺积，名息贲。（贲，奔同。肺气结滞成积，则呼吸之息上奔。）在右胁
下如覆杯，令人喘咳，发肺痈，详积聚门。虚喘治法∶肺气虚者，人参、五味、阿
胶之属。人参为末，鸡子清投新水，调下一钱。劳即喘者，胡桃不去衣九钱，人参
一钱，杏仁去皮尖二钱，姜、枣煎，带渣服，去大便一次即愈。昔有二人同行，一
含人参则不喘，不含者喘，可见虚宜补。肾水虚者，相火由冲任直冲而上，非
四物所能治、寒凉所能制。其痰为肾水所泛溢，亦非竹沥、枳、半所能化，必用六
味（见虚损）加门冬、五味，大剂煎服，水升火降，喘自定。若肾火虚者，下焦阴寒之气，
逼其浮阳上越作喘，外证面赤（戴阳）烦躁，脉浮大而数，去死不远，用助元接真镇坠
之药，尚可回生。然不可峻骤，且先以八味丸（见虚损）、黑锡丹（见呃逆）、养正丹（见气）之类，
煎生脉散（见中暑）送下。觉气稍定，然后以大剂参、 、破故纸、阿胶、牛膝等以镇于
下，又以八味加河车为丸，遇饥则服，方可保全。火从冲任逆上，则胃气之下行者
亦从之逆上矣，东垣用调中益气汤（见劳倦）加吴茱萸，（汤洗去苦味用。）然须治肾为是。
再按古人以短气即喘，而分实喘虚喘，具如前说。若根据后人分短气与喘为二，
则以短气为虚喘，而喘单就实者言，未为不可也。参看短气少气篇。
哮者，喉间痰气作响，以胸中多痰，粘结喉间，与呼吸之气相触成声。得之食
味酸咸太过，（幼时多食盐醋，往往成此疾，俗谓之盐哮。）渗透气管，痰入结聚，一遇风寒，气
郁痰壅即发，其发每在冬初，必须淡饮食，行气化痰。禁凉剂，恐风寒难解；禁热
药，恐痰火愈炽。苏子、桑皮、枳壳、青皮、半夏、前胡、杏仁、山栀必用。八九
月内用承气预下其热，使冬时无热可包，是妙法。哮久用青皮一个，劈开，入巴豆
一粒，扎定，瓦上炙黄，每服三五分，姜酒下。愈后用半夏八两，石膏四两，苏子
二两，丸服。又方，鸡子略击破壳，不可损膜，浸尿缸内三四日夜，煮吃，效，能
去风痰也。或猫屎烧灰，砂糖汤调下。皂荚去皮、弦、子，蜜炙二钱，明矾一钱，
杏仁一钱，紫菀、桑皮、炙草、石菖蒲、半夏各二钱，白丑头末一钱，胆星一钱五
分，百部熬膏丸，绿豆大，每服七十丸。遇浓味即发者，清金丹。
喘是指呼吸急促迫促，从事体力劳动的人多有此现象。（例如奔跑时气喘就是这种情况。）就其病机而言，是气向上奔涌所致。
古人又将其称为短气，意思是呼吸之气短促。然而有实喘和虚喘的区分，应当详细辨别。实喘是因为有邪气，即邪气盛实；虚喘是因为没有邪气，而是正气虚弱。实喘的症状表现为张口抬肩，身体摇晃腹部抽动，胸部胀满气息粗重，声音高亢呼吸汹涌，只有呼出气体才感到舒畅。虚喘的症状表现为气少且不能接续，神情慌张短促怯弱，声音低微气息微弱，惶惶不安仿佛气息将要断绝。（这种症状似喘但不抬肩，似呻吟但没有疼痛，呼吸虽然急促但没有痰声。）
实喘有的由外感引起，六淫外邪壅闭肺气，导致胸满上喘。有的由内伤引起，七情五志动火，或酒食痰湿郁热，上壅于肺而致喘。还有一类火郁严重的，其上冲作喘，与其他实喘无异。但若是阳气内郁至极，不能畅达，导致四肢厥冷，六脉伏涩（按之鼓指），这种情况既不能用热药投治，也不能用寒药攻下（用寒药则火更加郁结），只能用逍遥散（见郁证章节）加吴茱萸、黄连，宣散蓄积的热邪，得汗后即刻痊愈，愈后用六味地黄丸（见虚损章节）调理。
虚喘有的由阳虚引起，肺气实则能清肃下行，脾气实则能健运四布，若虚则不能运行下降，而只浮越于上。有的由阴虚引起，肝肾阴虚（兼指水与火而言）则火上炎，这是真元耗损，命门之火自下向上冲逆所致。这类人平时若无病，只是觉得气喘乏力，诊察其脉象，数大而虚，或微而无力的情况。
李东垣说：华佗认为盛而为喘，《活人书》也说喘为气有余，然而所谓“盛”而为喘，并非肺气有余。气盛应当认作气衰，有余应当认作不足。如果肺气真的盛，应当清肃下行而不喘，因为火入于肺，肺气衰才会喘。所以所谓的“盛”，不是肺气盛，而是火邪盛。因此用苦寒药泻之，并非泻肺气，而是泻肺中之火，这也就是补肺气的方法。按李东垣所说的固然正确，但是壮盛之人，忽然被邪气侵袭的情况也有，不能就说一定是气衰。只是喘则气越，也必然逐渐变虚。
朱丹溪说：新病属实，久病属虚。按实际情况，新病也有虚的，如其人本来体虚，忽然感受风寒，这就是新病也有虚证。久病也有实的，如其人痰塞肺窍，久而不开，喘怎么能消除，这就是久病也有实证。实喘的治疗方法：伤风寒者，用五虎汤、三拗汤、定喘汤、华盖散。寒束热成痰者，用陈皮汤，天冷加桂枝。症状乍进乍退，进食后减轻（因为痰被食物坠下），食后即喘，这是痰火，用桔梗二陈汤。动作就有痰声，这是痰，用定喘汤加栝蒌，服三剂后按照痰证治疗，严重者用神仙住喘汤。止喘而没有痰的，为气实喘，用苏子降气汤（见气证章节），严重者加葶苈子、前胡。七情郁结，上气喘急，实证用四磨饮、四七汤。（均见气证章节。）各种实喘都忌用收敛、涩滞、升提、补益、燥烈、温热、酸收、咸味的药剂，宜用降气清火、润肺辛散的药，如苏子、桑白皮、枇杷叶、前胡、乌药、枳壳、半夏、山栀、玄参、知母、青黛、黄芩、贝母、二冬、花粉、杏仁、海浮石、橘红都可以使用。若脉洪实，遍身痰气火气，坐卧不安，宜用黄连膏。水气喘者，水气逆行，肺气得水而浮（观察在河里洗澡的人，水浸至胸部就会喘可见），喘不能卧，用葶苈大枣汤、桂苓术甘汤（见痰饮章节）等，或者发汗。属于湿气的，用渗湿汤（见伤湿章节）。暑热喘者，用白虎汤（见发热章节），加栝蒌、枳壳、黄芩。食喘者，凡是病初起即喘急，多是停食所致。或者放屁，严重者甚至咬人，消食后自愈。小儿行走气急作喘，多是食积。食喘兼外感，疏散邪气并消食。《内经》有胃喘一证，谓胃络不和，气逆作喘。（胃气本应下行，阳明经脉也从头走足，若不下行反而干犯上部，则气喘逆。）然而导致气逆的原因，不是火就是食积与痰，需仔细辨证治疗。又有肺积，名为息贲。（贲，通奔。肺气结滞成积，则呼吸之气上奔。）在右胁下如倒扣的杯子，令人喘咳，发为肺痈，详见积聚门。虚喘的治疗方法：肺气虚者，用人参、五味子、阿胶之类。人参研末，用鸡蛋清投入新水中，调服一钱。劳累即喘者，胡桃仁不去衣九钱，人参一钱，杏仁去皮尖二钱，姜、枣煎煮，带渣服用，大便通畅一次即愈。过去有两人同行，一人含人参则不喘，不含者喘，可见虚证宜补。肾水虚者，相火由冲任脉直冲而上，不是四物汤所能治，也不是寒凉药所能制。其痰为肾水所泛溢，也不是竹沥、枳实、半夏所能化，必须用六味地黄丸（见虚损章节）加麦冬、五味子，大剂量煎服，使水升火降，喘自然平息。若肾火虚者，下焦阴寒之气，逼迫浮阳上越作喘，外证见面赤（戴阳）、烦躁，脉浮大而数，离死不远，需用助元接真、镇坠的药物，尚可回生。但不能峻猛急骤，且先用八味地黄丸（见虚损章节）、黑锡丹（见呃逆章节）、养正丹（见气证章节）之类，煎生脉散（见中暑章节）送服。感觉气稍定，然后用大剂量人参、肉桂、破故纸、阿胶、牛膝等以镇于下，又以八味地黄丸加紫河车制成丸药，遇饥饿时服用，方可保全。火从冲任逆上，则胃气之下行者也随之逆上，李东垣用调中益气汤（见劳倦章节）加吴茱萸（汤洗去苦味使用），然而须治肾为本。
再按古人将短气即视为喘，并分实喘虚喘，如上所述。若根据后人将短气与喘分为两种，则以短气为虚喘，而喘单就实证而言，也未尝不可。参看短气少气篇。
哮症，喉间痰气作响，因胸中多痰，粘结喉间，与呼吸之气相触而成声。得之于饮食口味酸咸太过（幼时多食盐醋，往往形成此疾，俗谓之盐哮），渗透气管，痰入结聚，一遇风寒，气郁痰壅即发作，其发作多在冬初，必须清淡饮食，行气化痰。禁用凉剂，恐风寒难解；禁用热药，恐痰火更炽。苏子、桑白皮、枳壳、青皮、半夏、前胡、杏仁、山栀必用。八九月份内用承气汤预先泻其热，使冬天时无热可包，是妙法。哮症日久，用一个青皮，劈开，放入巴豆一粒，扎紧，瓦上炙黄，每服三五分，姜酒送下。愈后用半夏八两，石膏四两，苏子二两，制成丸药服用。又一法，鸡蛋略击破壳，不可损伤膜，浸泡尿缸内三四日夜，煮熟吃，有效，能去风痰。或用猫屎烧灰，砂糖汤调下。皂荚去皮、弦、子，蜜炙二钱，明矾一钱，杏仁一钱，紫菀、桑白皮、炙甘草、石菖蒲、半夏各二钱，白丑头末一钱，胆南星一钱五分，百部熬膏丸，绿豆大，每服七十丸。遇浓味即发者，用清金丹。
Chuan (Asthma/Wheezing) refers to rapid and labored breathing, which is common among those engaged in physical labor. (For example, panting after running.) In terms of pathogenesis, it is caused by Qi rushing upward.
Ancients also referred to it as "Duan Qi" (Shortness of Breath), meaning the breath is short and rapid. However, there is a distinction between Shi Chuan (Excess Asthma) and Xu Chuan (Deficiency Asthma), which should be carefully differentiated. Shi Chuan arises from pathogenic factors, indicating an excess of pathogens; Xu Chuan arises from the absence of pathogens, indicating a deficiency of healthy Qi. The manifestations of Shi Chuan include opening the mouth and raising the shoulders, swaying the body and contracting the abdomen, chest distension with coarse breathing, loud voice and surging respiration, with relief only upon exhalation. The manifestations of Xu Chuan include insufficient and discontinuous breath, panic and shortness of spirit, low voice and faint respiration, and a sense of alarm as if breath were about to cease. (This condition resembles asthma but without shoulder lifting, resembles groaning but without pain, and although breathing is rapid, there is no phlegm sound.)
Shi Chuan may result from external contraction, where the Six Excesses (Six Pathogenic Factors) obstruct Lung Qi, leading to chest fullness and upper asthmatic breathing. It may also result from internal injury, where emotional disturbances (Seven Emotions and Five Wills) generate fire, or dietary stagnation of alcohol, food, phlegm, and dampness generates latent heat, which congests upward into the Lung causing asthma. There is also a category of severe Fire Stagnation, where the upward rush causing asthma is indistinguishable from other forms of Shi Chuan. However, if Yang Qi is internally stagnant to the extreme and cannot circulate freely, leading to cold limbs and submerged, choppy pulses (which beat firmly under pressure), this condition cannot be treated with hot herbs nor purged with cold herbs (using cold herbs will further stagnate the fire). Instead, Xiaoyao San (see Stagnation chapter) plus Evodiae Fructus (Zhu) and Scutellariae Radix (Lian) should be used to disperse accumulated heat. Recovery follows sweating, and afterwards, Liuwei Dihuang Wan (see Deficiency Damage chapter) should be used for regulation.
Xu Chuan may result from Yang Deficiency. When Lung Qi is sufficient, it descends clearly and purely; when Spleen Qi is sufficient, it transforms and transports effectively. If deficient, it cannot descend and instead floats upward. Xu Chuan may also result from Yin Deficiency. Liver and Kidney Yin Deficiency (referring to both Water and Fire) causes Fire to flare upward, representing the depletion of True Yuan and the upward rush of Mingmen Fire from below. Such individuals appear healthy normally but feel asthmatic fatigue. Their pulse is rapid, large, and empty, or faint and weak.
Li Dongyuan stated: Hua Tuo said that "excess leads to asthma," and the *Ren Shu* also stated that asthma is due to excess Qi. However, what is called "excess" leading to asthma is not an excess of Lung Qi. An appearance of Qi excess should be recognized as Qi deficiency; an appearance of sufficiency should be recognized as insufficiency. If Lung Qi were truly excessive, it would descend clearly and purely without asthma. Asthma occurs because Fire enters the Lung, causing Lung Qi deficiency. Therefore, "excess" refers not to Lung Qi excess, but to Pathogenic Fire excess. Thus, using bitter-cold herbs to purge does not purge Lung Qi, but rather purges Fire in the Lung, which thereby tonifies Lung Qi. While Li Dongyuan's statement is correct, robust individuals may suddenly be attacked by pathogens, so one cannot immediately assume Qi deficiency. However, since asthma causes Qi to scatter, it inevitably becomes deficient over time.
Zhu Danxi stated: New diseases are Excess, old diseases are Deficiency. In reality, new diseases can also be Deficient; if a person is inherently deficient and suddenly contracts Wind-Cold, this is a new disease presenting as Deficiency. Old diseases can also be Excess; if a person has phlegm blocking the Lung orifices for a long time without resolution, asthma cannot cease, indicating an old disease presenting as Excess. Treatment methods for Shi Chuan: For Wind-Cold invasion, use Wuhu Tang, San'ao Tang, Dingchuan Tang, or Huagai San. For Cold binding Heat transforming into Phlegm, use Chenpi Tang, adding Cinnamon Twig (Guizhi) in cold weather. For symptoms that fluctuate and improve after eating (because food weighs down the phlegm), but worsen immediately after eating, indicating Phlegm-Fire, use Jiegeng Erchen Tang. For wheezing accompanied by phlegm sounds upon movement, indicating Phlegm, use Dingchuan Tang plus Trichosanthis Fructus (Gualou); after three doses, treat according to Phlegm patterns. For severe cases, use Shenxian Zhu Chuan Tang. For asthma without phlegm, indicating Qi Excess, use Suzi Jiangqi Tang; for severe cases, add Descurainiae Semen (Tingli) and Peucedani Radix (Qianhu). For emotional stagnation causing upper asthmatic urgency, in Excess patterns, use Simo Yin or Siqi Tang. All forms of Shi Chuan contraindicate astringent, binding, ascending, tonifying, drying, hot, sour, and salty agents. Instead, agents that direct Qi downward, clear Fire, moisten the Lung, and disperse with acrid flavors should be used, such as Perillae Fructus (Suzi), Mulberry Root Bark (Sangbai), Loquat Leaf (Pipaye), Peucedani Radix (Qianhu), Linderae Radix (Wuyao), Aurantii Fructus (Zhike), Pinellia Rhizome (Banxia), Gardeniae Fructus (Shanzhi), Scrophulariae Radix (Xuan Shen), Anemarrhenae Rhizoma (Zhimu), Indigo Naturalis (Qing Dai), Scutellariae Radix (Huang Qin), Fritillariae Bulbus (Beimu), Asparagus Fern Root (Dongqing/Dongbi), Trichosanthis Radix (Huafen), Prunus Armeniaca Seed (Xingren), Floatstone (Haishi), and Tangerine Peel (Juhong). If the pulse is flooding and solid, with systemic Phlegm-Qi and Fire, causing inability to sit or lie down, use Huanglian Gao. For Water Asthma, where Water Qi rebels and Lung Qi floats due to water (observable when bathing in a river and water reaches the chest), causing inability to lie down due to asthma, use Tingli Dazao Tang or Guiling Zhugan Tang, or induce sweating. For dampness, use Shen Shi Tang. For Summerheat-Heat Asthma, use Baihu Tang plus Trichosanthis Fructus (Gualou), Aurantii Fructus (Zhike), and Scutellariae Radix (Huang Qin). For Food Asthma, where asthma begins abruptly at the onset of illness, it is mostly due to food retention. Passing gas or even biting (in severe cases) indicates digestion resolves the issue. In children, rapid walking causing asthmatic breathing is mostly due to food retention. For Food Asthma with external contraction, disperse pathogens and digest food. The *Classic* mentions "Stomach Asthma," where Stomach collaterals are disharmonious, causing Qi rebellion and asthma. (Stomach Qi naturally descends, and the Yangming meridians run from head to foot; if they do not descend but rebel upward, asthma results.) The causes of this rebellion are Fire, food retention, or Phlegm, requiring careful differentiation. Another condition is Lung Accumulation named Xiben. (Ben is synonymous with Ben/Run. When Lung Qi stagnates and forms an accumulation, respiratory Qi rushes upward.) It presents as a cup-like mass under the right hypochondrium, causing asthma and cough, potentially developing into Lung Abscess; see the Accumulation-Mass chapter. Treatment methods for Xu Chuan: For Lung Qi Deficiency, use Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma (Renshen), Schisandrae Fructus (Wuweizi), and Donkey-hide Gelatin (Ejiao). Powder Ginseng, mix with egg white and fresh water, take one qian. For exhaustion-induced asthma, use 9 qian of Walnut Kernel (Hetaoren) retaining its skin, 1 qian Ginseng, and 2 qian Apricot Seed (Xingren) peeled and de-husked; decoct with Ginger and Jujube, consume with dregs; recovery follows one bowel movement. Two people once walked together; one holding Ginseng did not wheeze, while the other did, demonstrating that Deficiency requires tonification. For Kidney Water Deficiency, Ministerial Fire rushes up via the Chong and Ren vessels, unmanageable by Siwu Tang or cold-cooling herbs. The phlegm overflowing from Kidney Water cannot be resolved by Bamboo Sap (Zhuli), Atractylodis Rhizoma (Zhishi), or Pinellia (Banxia). One must use Liuwei Dihuang Wan plus Asparagus Fern Root (Mendong) and Schisandrae Fructus (Wuweizi), decocted in large doses, to raise Water and lower Fire, settling the asthma. For Kidney Fire Deficiency, Yin-Cold in the Lower Jiao forces floating Yang to rebel upward causing asthma. External signs include red face (Floating Yang/Daiyang), irritability, and a floating, large, rapid pulse, indicating imminent death. Use herbs to assist Yuan, connect True Qi, and anchor/subdue. Recovery is possible but must not be abrupt. Initially use Bawei Dihuang Wan, He Xi Dan, or Yangzheng Dan, taken with Shengmai San. Once Qi stabilizes slightly, use large doses of Ginseng, Cinnamon Bark (Rougui), Psoraleae Fructus (Pogu Zhi), Donkey-hide Gelatin (Ejiao), and Achyranthes Root (Niuxi) to anchor downwards. Then prepare pills of Bawei Dihuang Wan plus Placenta Hominis (Zheche), taken when hungry, to preserve health. When Fire rebels up via Chong and Ren, Stomach Qi descending also rebels upward. Li Dongyuan used Tiaozhong Yiqi Tang plus Evodiae Fructus (Wuzhuyu, washed to remove bitterness). However, treating the Kidney is fundamental.
Regarding ancients equating Duan Qi with Chuan and distinguishing Excess/Deficiency as previously described: if following later scholars who distinguish Duan Qi and Chuan as two separate entities, defining Duan Qi as Deficiency Asthma and Chuan strictly as Excess Asthma is acceptable. Refer to the Shortness of Breath and Little Qi section.
Xiao (Wheezing with Sound) involves phlegm-Qi making noise in the throat, caused by excessive phlegm in the chest adhering to the throat, creating sound upon contact with respiratory air. It results from excessive consumption of sour and salty tastes (frequent salt and vinegar intake in childhood often leads to this, commonly known as Salt Xiao). This penetrates the trachea, causing phlegm accumulation. Upon exposure to Wind-Cold, Qi stagnation and Phlegm congestion trigger an attack, usually occurring in early winter. Light diet and Qi-moving, Phlegm-resolving measures are required. Cold agents are contraindicated to avoid trapping Wind-Cold; hot agents are contraindicated to avoid intensifying Phlegm-Fire. Perillae Fructus (Suzi), Mulberry Root Bark (Sangbai), Aurantii Fructus (Zhike), Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium Viride (Qingpi), Pinellia Rhizome (Banxia), Peucedani Radix (Qianhu), Apricot Seed (Xingren), and Gardeniae Fructus (Shanzhi) are essential. Using Chengqi Tang in August-September to pre-purge heat prevents summerheat/winter heat entrapment, which is a clever method. For chronic Xiao, split one Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium Viride (Qingpi), insert one Crotonis Fructus (Badou), tie securely, roast on tile until yellow, take 3-5 fen with Ginger-Wine. After cure, use Pinellia Rhizome (Banxia) 8 liang, Gypsum Fibrosum (Shigao) 4 liang, Perillae Fructus (Suzi) 2 liang, made into pills. Another method: lightly crack an eggshell without damaging the membrane, soak in urine vat for 3-4 nights, boil and eat; effective for removing Wind-Phlegm. Alternatively, burn cat feces to ash, take with sugar water. Prepare pills from Soap Bean (Zaojia) peeled of skin, strings, and seeds, honey-fried 2 qian; Alum (Mingfan) 1 qian; Apricot Seed (Xingren) 1 qian; Aster Root (Ziwan), Mulberry Root Bark (Sangbai), Honey-fried Licorice (Zhigancao), Acorus Rhizome (Shichangpu), Pinellia Rhizome (Banxia) each 2 qian; White Morning Glory Seed (Bai Chou) powder 1 qian; Arisaema Cum Bile (Danning) 1.5 qian; Stemona Root (Baibu) boiled into paste. Make pills size of mung beans, take 70 pills per dose. For attacks triggered by rich foods, use Qingjin Dan.