滁州蒋教授名南金因食鲤鱼玉蝉羹为肋骨所哽凡治哽药及象牙屑用之皆不效或令以贯众
不以多少浓煎汁一盏半分三服并进连服三剂至夜一咯而出因戏云此管仲之力也(百一选方)
秀州士大夫家一小儿五岁因戏剧以首入捣药臼中不复出举家惊呼无计或教之使执儿两足
以新汲水急浇之儿惊啼体缩遂得出又有小儿观打稻取谷芒置口中粘着喉舌间不可脱或令以鹅
涎灌之即下盖鹅涎能化谷也二者皆一时甚急非仓卒有智未易脱(夷坚志)
凡人患喘其证有三一曰寒二曰热三曰水病热者发于夏而不发于冬冷病者遇寒则发也水病
者胸
膈满闷脚先肿也热病者宜蛤蚧丸冷病宜煮肺散水病审其冷热虚实虚而冷者紫金丹热而实者防
己
丸此出养生必用方不合防己丸但言腹有湿热欲验喘疾是水不是水者小便涩脚微肿而喘者水证
也当作水治之小便不涩脚不肿只作喘治之沈存中良方蒲颓叶孙大资麻黄梓朴汤不拘冷热皆可
服也
咳嗽有二一曰热二曰寒热嗽有痰浓鼻闻腥气宜服凉药寒嗽痰薄宜服热药饮冷水一二呷而
暂止
者热嗽也呷热汤而暂止者冷嗽也此法用之有验以小柴胡汤治热嗽以理中汤加五味子治寒嗽皆
已试之验(医余同上)
经曰人感于寒则受病微则为咳甚为泄为痛凡咳嗽五脏六腑皆有之惟肺先受邪盖肺主气合
于皮
毛邪之初伤先客皮毛故咳为肺病五脏则各以治时受邪六腑则又为五脏所移古人言肺病难愈而
喜卒死者肺为骄脏怕寒而恶热故邪气易伤而难治以其汤散径过针灸不及故也十种咳嗽者肺咳
心咳脾咳肾咳肝咳风咳寒咳支饮咳胆咳厥阴咳华佗所谓五嗽者冷嗽气嗽 嗽饮嗽邪嗽孙真人
亦有方治寒毒疰嗽者历代方论著之甚详惟今之所谓劳嗽者无所经见意其华佗所谓邪嗽真人所
谓疰嗽者是也此病盖酒色过度劳极伤肺损动经络其重咯唾脓血轻者时发时瘥又有因虚感邪恶
之气且传疰得之或先呕血而后嗽或先咳嗽渐就沉羸此则非特内损肺经又挟邪恶传疰之气所以
特甚病之毒害无过此也真人治疰嗽通气丸方用蜈蚣四节又云梦与鬼交通及饮食者全用蜈蚣外
台方四蒲丸治五嗽亦用蜈蚣近世名公能推原其指意率用蛤蚧天灵盖桃柳枝麝香丹砂雄黄安息
香之类以通神明之药疗之高出古人之意又肺中有虫如蚕令人喉痒而咳汤散径过针灸不及以药
含化虫死即嗽止(鸡峰方)
滁州教授蒋南金，因为吃了鲤鱼玉蝉羹，被鱼刺卡住喉咙。凡是治疗噎食的药物以及象牙屑，使用之后都没有效果。有人建议用贯众（一种中药），不限剂量，浓煎成一杯半的药汁，分三次服下，连续服用三剂。到了晚上，一口咯出异物。于是开玩笑说这是管仲（古代名相，此处借指药效如神力）的力量。（出自《百一选方》）
所以鱼网可以主治噎食，将鱼网覆盖在患者颈部，或者像煮药一样煎汤饮用，骨头就能顺利下来。（出自《本草》相关记载）
秀州一位士大夫家中，有个五岁的小孩，因为玩耍时把头伸进捣药的臼中出不来，全家惊呼，没有办法。有人教他们抓住孩子的两只脚，用刚打来的冷水猛烈浇淋，孩子受惊啼哭，身体收缩，头便脱出来了。又有另一个小孩看打稻取谷，把谷芒放进嘴里，粘在喉舌之间无法取出。有人建议用鹅的唾液灌入，谷芒随即落下，大概是因为鹅涎能化解谷物。这两件事都是当时非常紧急的情况，如果不是仓促间有智慧应对，不容易解脱。（出自《夷坚志》）
大凡人患喘证，有三种情况：一是寒喘，二是热喘，三是水病引起的喘。热喘发于夏季而不发于冬季；冷喘遇到寒冷就会发作；水病引起的喘，表现为胸膈满闷，脚部先浮肿。热喘适宜服用蛤蚧丸；冷喘适宜服用煮肺散；水病引起的喘，需审辨其冷热虚实。虚而冷的，服用紫金丹；实而热的，服用防己丸。这些内容出自《养生必用方》。除了防己丸，文中还提到腹部有湿热。要验证喘疾是否由水引起，可以看小便是否涩滞、脚是否轻微浮肿且伴有气喘，如果是，则是水证，应当按水病治疗；如果小便不涩滞、脚不浮肿，只当作喘证治疗。沈存中的《良方》中提到蒲颓叶和孙大资的麻黄梓朴汤，无论冷热皆可服用。
咳嗽有两种：一是热咳，二是寒咳。热咳痰液浓稠，鼻闻有腥气，适宜服用凉性药物；寒咳痰液稀薄，适宜服用热性药物。喝一二口冷水暂时缓解的是热咳；喝热汤暂时缓解的是寒咳。这种方法使用有效：用小柴胡汤治疗热咳，用理中汤加五味子治疗寒咳，都已经试验过并验证有效。（出自《医余》，同上）
经典记载：人感受寒邪则生病，轻则为咳嗽，重则为泄泻或疼痛。凡是咳嗽，五脏六腑都会发生，只有肺最先受邪。因为肺主气，合于皮毛，邪气初伤时先客居皮毛，所以咳嗽是肺的病。五脏则在各自当令的季节受邪，六腑则是从五脏传变而来。古人说肺病难愈且容易突然致死，因为肺是“娇脏”，怕寒而恶热，所以邪气容易伤害它且难以治疗，因为汤药和散剂经过咽喉直达肺部，针灸却达不到那里。十种咳嗽包括：肺咳、心咳、脾咳、肾咳、肝咳、风咳、寒咳、支饮咳、胆咳、厥阴咳。华佗所说的五种咳嗽是：冷嗽、气嗽、劳嗽、饮嗽、邪嗽。孙思邈也有治疗寒毒注嗽的方子，历代方论记载得很详细。只是现在所谓的“劳嗽”没有见于古籍，我推测就是华佗所说的“邪嗽”和孙真人所说的“注嗽”。这种病大概是因为酒色过度，极度疲劳损伤肺经，损动经络。重的咯吐脓血，轻的时发时愈。又有因为体虚感受邪恶之气，并且传染注病而得的，有的先呕血后咳嗽，有的先咳嗽逐渐变得消瘦衰弱。这不仅仅是内部损伤肺经，又夹杂了邪恶传染注病之气，所以特别严重。疾病的毒害没有超过这个的。孙真人治疗注嗽的通气丸方，用蜈蚣四节；又说梦见与鬼交通及饮食者，全用蜈蚣。《外台秘要》中的四蒲丸治疗五种咳嗽也用了蜈蚣。近代名医能推究其旨意，大都使用蛤蚧、天灵盖、桃柳枝、麝香、丹砂、雄黄、安息香等通神明之药来治疗，高出古人的立意。另外，肺中有虫像蚕一样，令人喉咙痒而咳嗽，汤药散剂经过无效，针灸不及，如果用药物含化，虫死咳嗽就停止。（出自《鸡峰方》）
Jiang Nanjin, a professor in Chuzhou, was choked by fish bones after eating carp and jade cicada soup. All medicines for treating choking and rhinoceros horn powder (note: text says 象牙屑 ivory powder) used were ineffective. Someone suggested using *Cyathulae Radix* (Guanzhong), without limiting the dosage, decocted strongly into one and a half cups of liquid, taken in three doses at once. After taking three doses continuously, the foreign body was coughed out at night. He jokingly said this was the power of Guan Zhong (a reference to efficacy like divine aid). (From *Bai Yi Xuan Fang*)
Therefore, fish nets can mainly treat choking; covering the patient's neck with a fish net or drinking it as a decoction will cause the bone to descend. (From *Bencao*)
In a scholar-official's family in Xiuzhou, a five-year-old child got his head stuck in a mortar while playing. The whole family panicked with no solution. Someone advised holding the child's two feet and pouring newly drawn cold water rapidly over him. The child cried out in fright, his body contracted, and his head came out. Another child watching rice threshing put rice awns into his mouth, which stuck to his throat and tongue and could not be removed. Someone suggested pouring goose saliva into him, and the awns fell down, likely because goose saliva can dissolve grain. Both cases were extremely urgent at the moment; without wisdom in such haste, it would not be easy to resolve. (From *Yi Jian Zhi*)
Generally, when people suffer from asthma/wheezing (Chuan), there are three types: one is Cold type, two is Heat type, and three is Water disease type. Heat type occurs in summer but not in winter; Cold type flares up upon exposure to cold; Water disease type presents with fullness and oppression in the chest and diaphragm, and swelling starting in the legs. Heat type is suitable for *Gejie Wan* (Gecko Pill); Cold type is suitable for *Zhu Fei San* (Boiled Lung Powder); Water disease type requires distinguishing between cold/heat and deficiency/excess. Deficient and cold: take *Zijin Dan* (Purple Gold Pill); Excess and heat: take *Fangji Wan* (Stephania Pill). This comes from *Yangsheng Biyong Fang*. Besides *Fangji Wan*, the text mentions damp-heat in the abdomen. To verify if wheezing is caused by water, check if urination is difficult, legs are slightly swollen, and wheezing exists; if so, it is a Water syndrome and should be treated as such. If urination is not difficult and legs are not swollen, treat only as wheezing. Shen Cunzhong's *Liang Fang* mentions *Tupuye* (Leaf of *Tupa*) and Sun Dazi's *Mahuang Zipu Tang* (Ephedra and Catalpa Decoction), which can be taken regardless of cold or heat.
Cough has two types: one is Heat cough, two is Cold cough. Heat cough has thick phlegm and a fishy smell in the nose; suitable for cooling medicines. Cold cough has thin phlegm; suitable for warming medicines. Relief after sipping cold water indicates Heat cough; relief after sipping hot soup indicates Cold cough. This method is effective: *Xiao Chaihu Tang* (Minor Bupleurum Decoction) treats Heat cough; *Lizhong Tang* (Regulate the Middle Decoction) added with *Wuweizi* (Schisandra) treats Cold cough. Both have been tested and verified. (From *Yiyu*, same source)
The Classics state: When humans are affected by Cold, they get sick; mild cases result in cough, severe cases in diarrhea or pain. Cough can affect all Zang and Fu organs, but the Lung is affected first. Because the Lung governs Qi and connects with the skin and hair, pathogenic factors initially invade the skin and hair, so cough is a Lung disease. The Five Zang organs are affected according to their respective seasons, and the Six Fu organs transmit from the Zang organs. Ancients said Lung diseases are hard to cure and prone to sudden death because the Lung is a "Delicate Organ" that fears Cold and dislikes Heat, so pathogenic factors easily damage it and are hard to treat. Since decoctions and powders pass directly through, and acupuncture cannot reach it. The ten types of cough include: Lung cough, Heart cough, Spleen cough, Kidney cough, Liver cough, Wind cough, Cold cough, Branch-fluid cough, Gallbladder cough, Jueyin cough. Hua Tuo mentioned five types of cough: Cold cough, Qi cough, Labor cough, Fluid cough, Evil cough. Sun Simiao also had prescriptions for Cold-toxin Transmission cough, recorded in detail in past dynasties' formulas and theories. However, what is now called "Labor cough" is not seen in classics; I speculate it refers to Hua Tuo's "Evil cough" and Sun's "Transmission cough." This illness is likely due to excessive alcohol and sexual activity, extreme fatigue damaging the Lung meridian and affecting collaterals. Severe cases expectorate pus and blood; mild cases come and go. Some contract evil qi due to deficiency and transmission disease, either vomiting blood first then coughing, or coughing first then becoming emaciated. This is not only internal damage to the Lung meridian but also carries evil transmission qi, making it particularly severe. No disease is more toxic than this. Sun Simiao's *Tongqi Wan* for Transmission cough uses four segments of centipede; he also stated that for dreams of intercourse with ghosts and dietary issues, use full centipedes. *Waitai Miyao*'s *Sipu Wan* for five coughs also uses centipedes. Recent famous doctors, understanding the intent, mostly use *Gejie* (Gecko), *Tianlinggai* (Human Skull Cap), peach and willow branches, *Shexiang* (Musk), *Dansha* (Cinnabar), *Xionghuang* (Realgar), *Anxi Xiang* (Benzoin) and other substances to communicate with the spirit to treat it, surpassing ancient methods. Additionally, worms like silkworms in the Lung cause throat itching and cough; decoctions and powders pass over them, acupuncture cannot reach them; if medicine is held in the mouth to dissolve, the worms die and cough stops. (From *Jifeng Fang*)