大抵治积或以所恶者攻之以所喜者诱之则易愈如 砂水银治肉积神曲麦 治酒积水蛭虻
虫治
血积木香槟榔治气积牵牛甘遂治水积雄黄腻粉治涎积礞石巴豆治食积各从其类也若用群队之
药分其势则难取效许嗣宗所谓猎不知兔广络原野冀一人获之术亦疏矣须是认得分明是何积聚
然后增加用药不尔反有所损嗣宗自谓不着书在临时变通也(本事方)
齐中郎破石病淳于意诊其脉告曰肺伤不治当后十日丁亥溲血死即后十一日溲血而死破石
之病
得之堕马僵石上所以知破石之血者切其脉得肺阴气其来散数道至而不一也色又乘之所以知其
堕马者切之得审阴脉审阴脉入虚里乘肺脉肺脉散者固色变也乘之所以不中期死者师言曰病者
安
谷则过期不安谷则不过期其人嗜黍黍主肝故过期所以溲血者诊脉法曰病养喜阴处者顺死喜养
阳处者逆死其人喜自静不躁又久安坐伏几而寐故血下泄(史记)
许元公入京师赴省试过桥堕马右臂臼脱路人语其仆曰急与挪入臼中若血渍臼则难治矣仆
用其
说许已昏迷不觉痛遂僦轿升归邸或曰非录事田马骑不能了此疾急召之至已入暮秉烛视其面曰
尚可治乃施药封肿处至中夜方苏达旦痛止去其封损处已白其青瘀乃移在臼上自是日日易之肿
直至肩背于是以药下之泻黑血三升五日复常遂得赴试盖用生地黄研如泥木香为细末以地黄膏
摊纸上掺木香末一层又再摊地黄贴肿上此正治打扑伤损及一切痈肿未破令内消云(类说)
大抵治疗积聚，可以用患者厌恶的药物来攻伐它，用患者喜欢的药物来诱导它，这样就容易治愈。例如：用水银治疗肉积（肌肉或软组织内的积块），用神曲治疗酒积（因饮酒过度导致的积滞），用水蛭、虻虫治疗血积（瘀血阻滞形成的积块），用木香、槟榔治疗气积（气机郁滞形成的积块），用牵牛子、甘遂治疗水积（水湿停聚形成的积块），用雄黄、腻粉（轻粉）治疗涎积（痰涎凝聚形成的积块），用礞石、巴豆治疗食积（食物停滞形成的积块）。这些都是根据各类积聚的性质，采用与其同类相从的药物进行治疗。如果使用多种药物混杂在一起，分散药力，就难以取得疗效。正如许嗣宗所说：“不知道兔子在哪里，却在大片原野上广泛撒网，希望捕获一只兔子”，这种做法也是疏漏的。必须认清究竟是哪一种积聚，然后针对性地增加用药，否则反而会有损害。许嗣宗自称不著书立说，是因为主张在临证时灵活变通。（出自《本事方》）
齐国中郎将破石患病，淳于意诊察他的脉象后告诉他：“你的肺脏受损，无法治愈，将在十天后丁亥日因尿血而死。”结果在第十一天果然因尿血而死。破石的病是由于从马上摔下，背部僵硬地撞击在石头上所致。之所以知道他是患有血积，是因为切脉发现肺阴脉之气，其来势散乱，脉道众多但节律不一。面色也呈现出相克的颜色，所以知道他是由坠马造成的。之所以知道是坠马，是因为切脉发现审阴脉（足少阴肾经之脉）陷入虚里（心尖搏动处），上乘肺脉；肺脉散乱，且伴有面色改变。之所以没有按预期的中期死亡，是因为老师曾说：“病人能进食则超过预期时间死亡，不能进食则不会超过预期时间。”这个人嗜好吃黍米，黍米入肝经，所以超过了预期时间。之所以出现尿血，根据诊脉法则说：“病人生前喜欢处于阴凉之处的是顺证而死，喜欢处于向阳之处的是逆证而死。”这个人喜欢安静而不躁动，又长期安坐，伏在几案上睡觉，所以血液向下泄漏。（出自《史记》）
许元公进京参加省试，过桥时坠马，导致右肩关节脱臼。路人告诉他的仆人说：“赶快把肩膀推回关节窝中，如果血液渗入关节缝隙，就很难治疗了。”仆人照此说法操作，许元公已经昏迷，感觉不到疼痛，于是便雇轿子回到住所。有人说，如果不是录事田马骑，治不好这个病，急忙召他前来。到达时已是傍晚，点着蜡烛观察他的面部，说：“还可以治疗。”于是施药封敷肿胀部位，直到半夜才苏醒。到了早晨疼痛停止，去掉封敷物，发现原来的青紫色瘀斑已经转移到关节上方。从此每天更换药物，肿胀一直延伸到肩背，然后用下药法泻出黑血三升，五日后恢复正常，得以参加考试。这里使用的是生地黄研磨成泥状，木香研为细末，用地黄膏摊在纸上，撒上木香末一层，再摊一层地黄贴敷在肿胀处。这正是治疗跌打损伤及一切未溃破痈肿，使其内消的方法。（出自《类说》）
Generally, the treatment of accumulations (masses) can be achieved by attacking with substances the patient dislikes and inducing with those they like, which facilitates recovery. For instance: Mercury (Shuiyin) is used for flesh accumulation (Rouji); Shenqu (Medicated Leaven) for wine accumulation (Jiuji); Leeches (Shuizhi) and Horseflies (Mengchong) for blood accumulation (Xueji); Muxiang (Aucklandiae Radix) and Binglang (Arecae Semen) for qi accumulation (Qiji); Qianniu (Pharbitidis Semen) and Gansui (Kansui Radix) for water accumulation (Shuiji); Xionghuang (Realgar) and Nifen (Calomel) for phlegm-saliva accumulation (Xianji); Mengshi (Lepidolite) and Badou (Crotonis Fructus) for food accumulation (Shiji). Each follows its own category. If a mixture of drugs is used, dispersing their potency, it will be difficult to achieve efficacy. As Xu Sizong stated, "Not knowing where the rabbit is, yet spreading nets widely across the wilderness, hoping to catch one," is a flawed strategy. One must clearly identify the type of accumulation before adjusting the medication; otherwise, harm may result. Xu Sizong claimed not to have written books because he advocated for flexibility in clinical practice. (From *Benshi Fang*)
The Qi State Mid-Lang Jiang Poshi fell ill. Chunyu Yi examined his pulse and told him, "Your lungs are damaged and incurable. You will die from hematuria ten days later on a Dinghai day." Indeed, eleven days later, he died from hematuria. Poshi's illness resulted from falling off a horse and striking his stiff back against a stone. The reason for diagnosing blood accumulation was that the lung yin pulse was found to be scattered, with multiple channels but irregular rhythm. The complexion also showed an overacting color, indicating trauma from the fall. The diagnosis of the fall was confirmed by finding the Shen Yin pulse (pulse of the Foot-Shaoyin Kidney meridian) sinking into the Xinli (precordial area) and overacting upon the lung pulse; a scattered lung pulse accompanied by facial color changes explains why death did not occur at the predicted mid-term. According to the master's teaching, patients who can eat will survive beyond the expected time, while those who cannot will not. This patient had a craving for millet (Shu), which enters the Liver channel, thus prolonging his life. Regarding the hematuria, the pulse diagnostic method states: "Those who prefer cool places die in accordance with the disease pattern (Shun); those who prefer warm places die contrary to it (Ni)." This patient preferred quietness and non-agitation, often sitting still and sleeping leaning on a table, causing blood to leak downward. (From *Shiji*)
Xu Yuan Gong traveled to the capital for the provincial examination. While crossing a bridge, he fell from his horse, dislocating his right shoulder joint. A passerby told his servant, "Quickly push the joint back into place; if blood infiltrates the joint space, it will be difficult to treat." The servant followed this advice. Xu Yuan Gong was unconscious and felt no pain, so he hired a sedan chair to return to his residence. Someone remarked, "Unless Lu Shi Tian Maqi comes, this ailment cannot be cured." He was urgently summoned. Upon arrival in the evening, Tian Maqi examined his face by candlelight and said, "It is still treatable." He applied a medicinal paste to the swollen area. Xu Yuan Gong regained consciousness around midnight. By dawn, the pain ceased. Removing the dressing revealed that the cyanotic ecchymosis had shifted to above the joint. The dressing was changed daily thereafter. The swelling extended to the shoulder and back. Subsequently, a purgative was administered, evacuating three sheng of black blood. Five days later, he recovered fully and was able to take the exam. The method used was fresh Rehmanniae Radix (Sheng Dihuang) ground into a paste, mixed with fine powder of Aucklandiae Radix (Muxiang). The Rehmannia paste was spread on paper, sprinkled with Muxiang powder, and covered with another layer of Rehmannia paste, then applied to the swelling. This is the standard treatment for contusions and all unruptured carbuncles/swellings, aiming to resolve them internally. (From *Leishuo*)