三痹汤 治血气凝滞,手足拘挛,风寒湿三痹。 人参 黄 当归 川芎 白芍药 生地黄 杜仲(姜汁炒)
川续断 防风 桂心 细辛 白茯苓 秦艽 川牛膝 川独活 甘草(各等分) 上水三盏,生姜三片,枣一枚,煎五
分,不拘时服。 按∶此用参 四物,一派补药内,加防风、秦艽以胜风湿,桂心以胜寒,细辛、独活以通肾气。
凡治三气袭虚而成痹患者,宜准诸此。
痹在上,用桂枝五物汤 黄 (三两) 桂枝(三两) 芍药(三两) 生姜(六两) 大枣(十二枚) 上
五味,以水六升,煮取二升,温服七合,日三服。一方有人参。 按∶此乃《金匮》治血痹之方也。血痹而用桂枝汤
加黄 ,以其风邪独胜,风性上行,故其痹在上也。其脉微涩,寸口关上小紧,紧处乃邪着之验也。然又曰寸口关上微,
尺中小紧,外症身体不仁,如风痹状,此方主之。又可见风性善行,随其或上或下,一皆主以此方矣。
痹在臂,用十味锉散 原治中风血弱臂痛,连及筋骨,举动难支。 附子(炮) 黄 当归 白芍药(各一
钱) 川芎 防风 白术(各七分) 茯苓 肉桂(各五分) 熟地黄(酒洗焙干二钱) 上水二盏,姜三片,枣二枚,
食后临卧服。按∶臂痛乃筋脉不舒。体盛者,可去其筋脉中之风,然既已血痹,所受风燥之累不浅,故取此方。养血之
中,加附子之力,通其阳气;而用防风,反佐黄 ,出其分肉腠理之风也。
痹在手足、风淫末疾,则用乌头粥 原治风寒湿,麻木不仁。 乌头(生研为末) 每用香熟白晚米二合,入
药末四钱,同米以砂罐煮作稀粥,不可太稠。下生姜汁一匙,白蜜三匙,搅匀,空心温啜之为佳。如中湿多,更加薏苡
仁末三钱。服此粥,大治手足不随,及肿痛不能举者,服此预防之。 按∶四肢为诸阳之本。本根之地,阳气先已不用,
况周身经络之末乎?故用乌头合谷味,先从荣卫所生之地注力,俾四末之阳,以渐而充也,用方者知之。
痹在手足、湿流关节,则用薏苡汤 原治手足流注,疼痛麻木不仁,难以屈伸。 薏苡仁 当归 芍药 桂心
麻黄(各一钱) 甘草(五分) 苍术(米泔浸炒二钱) 上水二钟,姜五片,煎八分,食前服。有汗去麻黄,有热去
桂心。 按∶此方以薏苡仁为君,舒筋除湿,其力和缓,当三倍加之。至于麻黄,虽能通其阳气,然在湿胜方中,即无
汗不可多用,减其大半可也。
痹在身半以下,用通痹散 原治腰以下至足,风寒湿三气,合而成痹。两足至脐冷如冰,不能自举,或因酒热
立冷水中,久成此疾。 天麻 独活 当归 川芎 白术 本(各等分) 上为细末,每服二钱,热酒调下。 按∶
此方因风寒湿三气,混合入于阴股。其邪已过于荣卫,故变桂枝五物之制,而用此散,缓缓分出其邪也。
痹在遍身、走痛无定,用控涎丹 原治人忽患胸、背、手、脚、腰、胯,痛不可忍,牵连筋骨,坐卧不宁,走
移无定。乃痰涎伏在胸膈上下,变为此疾。或令人头重不可举;或神意昏倦多睡;或饮食无味,痰唾稠粘,口角流涎,
卧则喉中有声,手脚肿痹,气脉不通,疑似瘫痪,但服此药数服,其病如失。 甘遂 大戟 白芥子 上等分为末,曲
丸桐子大。食后临卧姜汤下五七丸,或十丸,量人服。按∶风寒湿三痹之邪,每借人胸中之痰为相援。故治痹方中,多
兼用治痰之药。昌于中风第四十一方,取用三因白散子之用半夏,已见大意。但彼治浊气上干,此治浊痰四注,以浊痰
不除,则三痹漫无宁宇也。凡遇痰积极盛之症,此方亦不可少,实非谓子和之法,足胜治痹之用也。学人辨诸。
又方用 白茯苓(二两) 半夏(四两) 枳壳(一两) 风化硝(三钱) 姜汁糊丸,梧桐子大。每服五十
丸,姜汤下。然治痹以开通阳气,补养阴血为贵,着意治痰,必转燥其血,不可以为此善于彼而渎用之。
痹在脉,用人参丸 人参 麦门冬 茯神 赤石脂 龙齿 石菖蒲 远志 黄 (各一两) 熟地黄(二两)
上为末,炼蜜和捣五百杵为丸,梧桐子大。每服三十丸,食远清米饮送下。 按∶心主脉,《内经》脉痹不已,复传于心。
可见五脏各有所主,各有所传也。此方安心神,补心血,先事预防,功效更敏。加当归、甘草、姜、枣、粳米汁煎服更
效。
痹在胸,用栝蒌薤白半夏汤 治胸痹不得卧,心痛彻背。 栝蒌实(一枚捣) 薤白(三两) 半夏(三两)
白酒(四升) 上四味同煮,取一升五合。分三服,温服半升,一日服之。 按∶胸痹之症,人所通患。仲景于《金匮》
出十方以治之,然不明言也。盖胸如中太空,其阳气所过,如离照当空,旷然无外。设地气一上,则窒塞有加。故知胸
痹者,阳不主事,阴气在上之候也。仲景微则用薤白白酒,以通其阳;甚则用附子干姜,以消其阴,以胸痹非同他患,
补天浴日,在医之手眼耳。后世总不知胸痹为何病,昌特发明于乙集胸寒痹痛条下。文学钱尊王,胸中不舒者经年,不
能自名其状,颇以为虑。昌投以薤白汤,次日云∶一年之病,一剂而顿除。抑何神耶?昌不过以仲景之心法为法耳,何
神之有。然较诸家之习用白豆蔻、广木香、诃子、三棱、神曲、麦芽等药,坐耗其胸中之阳者,亦相悬矣。
痹在胞,用肾沥汤 原治胞痹小腹急痛,小便赤涩。 麦门冬 五加皮 犀角(镑各一钱) 杜仲 桔梗 赤
芍药 木通(各一钱五分) 桑螵蛸(一两) 上水盏半,加入羊肾一只,去脂膜切细,竹沥少许,同煎一盏。去渣,
空心顿服,日再服。一方有桑皮,无螵蛸。 按∶此方名肾沥者,形容其胞中之气,痹而不化。外肾之溺,滴沥不出之
苦也。乃因虚热壅其膀胱,肺气不能下行所致。桑皮、螵蛸,咸为治肺而设。此方大意,聊见一斑。不可误认为其人内
肾素虚,而小便淋滴也。
痹在肠,用吴茱萸散 原治肠痹,寒湿内搏,腹痛满,气急,大便飧泄。 吴茱萸(汤
泡焙干) 干姜(炮) 甘草(炙) 肉豆蔻(煨各五钱) 砂仁 神曲 白术(各一两) 浓朴(姜汁炒) 陈皮 良
姜(各一两) 上为末,每服一钱,食前米饮下。 按∶肠痹之证,总关于脾胃。寒邪湿邪,先伤其太阴之脾;风邪先
伤其阳明之胃。太阴伤故腹满;阳明伤故飧泄。《内经》谓胃风久蓄为飧泄,明非朝夕之故也。脾胃有病,三痹互结
于肠,此宜以辛辣开之。非如胞痹为膀胱之热,当用清凉之比矣。
痹在筋,用羚羊角散 原治筋痹,肢节酸痛。 羚羊角 薄荷 附子 独活 白芍药 防风 川芎(各等分)
上水盏半,姜三片,煎五分服。 按∶此方治筋痹之义,美则美矣,未尽善也。以七味各用等分,漫无君臣佐使之法耳。
盖筋痹必以舒筋为主,宜倍用羚羊角为君。筋痹必因血不荣养,宜以白芍、川芎,更加当归为臣。然恐羚角性寒,但能
舒筋,不能开痹,必少用附子之辛热为反佐,更少用薄荷、独活、防风,入风寒湿队中,而为之使可也。用方者必须识
此。
痹在皮,用羌活汤 原治皮痹,皮中状如虫走,腹胁胀满,大肠不利,语不出声。 羌活 细辛 附子(炮去
皮脐) 沙参 羚羊角(镑) 白术 五加皮 生地黄 官桂 枳壳(麸炒) 麻黄(去节) 白蒺藜 杏仁 丹参 萆
五味子 石菖蒲 木通 槟榔 郁李仁(泡去皮) 赤茯苓(各等分) 上水盏半,姜五片,煎七分,不拘时温服。
按∶皮痹不已,传入于肺,则制方当以清肺气为主。此方杂沓,不适于用。今取沙参、羚羊角、麻黄、杏仁、白蒺藜、
丹参、五味子、石菖蒲八味,去羌活、细辛、附子、白术、五加皮、生地黄、官桂、枳壳、萆 、木通、槟榔、郁李仁、
赤茯苓九味,而加石膏以清肺热,甘草以和肺气,更加干姜少许为反佐,以干姜得五味子,能收肺气之逆也。
热痹,用升麻汤 原治热痹,肌肉极热,体上如鼠走,唇口反缩,皮毛变红黑。 升麻(三钱) 茯神 人参
防风 犀角(镑) 羚羊角(镑) 羌活(各一钱) 官桂(三分) 上水二钟,姜三片,入竹沥半酒盏,不拘时服。
按∶此方乃刘河间所制,后人治热病,遵用河间,诚足法矣。方中以升麻为君,除阳明肌肉之热,然热甚必乱其神识,
故以人参、茯神、犀角、羚羊角为臣而协理之,以官桂三分为反佐,以羌防为使。如秋月寒潭,碧清可爱。鄙意羌防使
药,更少减其半,匪故饶舌,无非欲为引掖后来之助耳。
冷痹,用巴戟天汤 原治冷痹,脚膝疼痛,行步艰难。 巴戟天(去心一钱) 附子(制) 五加皮(各七分)
川牛膝(酒炒一钱) 石斛 甘草(炙) 萆 白茯苓 防风 防己(各五分) 上水二盏,姜三片,煎八分,空
心服。 按∶冷痹之证,其风寒湿三痹之气,皆挟北方寒水之势,直有温之而不易热者。方中之用巴戟天为君,韪矣。
其附子、茄皮、牛膝、石斛、茯苓、甘草,亦大小臣工之意。然不用当归、肉桂,温其血分,辅君之药,尚有未切。萆
反佐,防风、防己为使,则俱当也。
心痹,用犀角散 原治心痹,神恍惚恐畏,闷乱不得睡,志气不宁,语言错乱。 犀角 羚羊角 人参 沙参
防风 天麻 天竺黄 茯神 升麻 独活 远志 麦门冬 甘草(各一钱) 龙齿 丹参(各五分) 牛黄 麝香 龙
脑(各一分) 上为末,和诸药重研,令极细。每服钱半,不拘时,麦门冬汤调下。 按∶此散,每服中脑麝才得一
厘五毫,且有人参、甘草和胃固气,庶几可用。然二物不过借以通心开窍耳,原不必多,更减三之一为长也。
肝痹,用人参散 原治肝痹气逆,胸膈引痛,睡卧多惊,筋脉挛急,此药镇邪。 人参 黄 杜仲(酒炒)
酸枣仁(微炒) 茯神 五味子 细辛 熟地黄 川芎 秦艽 羌活(各一两) 丹砂(五钱另研) 上为极细末,入
丹砂再研匀。每服一钱,不拘时调下,日二服。按。厥阴肝脏,所生者血也;所藏者魂也。血痹不行,其魂自乱。今不
通其血,而但治其惊,此不得之数也。方中用参 益气以开血,当矣。其诸养血宁神镇惊之药,多泛而不切。昌尝制一
方,以人参为君,黄 、肉桂、当归、川芎为臣,以代赭石之颛通肝血者,佐参 之不逮,少加羌活为使。盖气者,血
之天也,气壮则血行,然必以肉桂、当归大温其血,预解其凝泣之势,乃以代赭之重坠,直入厥阴血分者,开通其瘀壅,
而用羌活引入风痹之所。缘厥阴主风,风去则寒湿自不存耳,录出以质高明。
脾痹、用温中法曲丸 原治脾痹,发咳呕涎。法曲(炒) 麦芽(炒) 白茯苓 陈皮(去白) 浓朴(制)
枳实(麸炒各一两) 人参 附子(制) 干姜(炮) 当归(酒洗焙) 甘草(炙) 细辛 桔梗(各五钱) 吴茱
萸(汤泡三钱) 上为细末,炼蜜丸,梧桐子大。每服七八十丸,食前热水送下。 按∶脾为太阴之脏,其痹必寒湿多
而风少。此方温中理气,壮阳驱阴,种种有法。但既曰发咳呕涎,半夏似不可少。
肺痹,用紫苏汤 原治肺痹,心膈窒塞,上气不下。 紫苏子(炒) 半夏(制) 陈皮(去白各一钱) 桂
心人参 白术(各五分) 甘草(二分) 上水盏半,姜五片,枣二枚,煎七分,不拘时温服。 按∶肺为相搏
之官,治节行焉。管领周身之气,无微不入,是肺痹即为气痹,明矣。苏子虽能降气,其力甚轻,且桂心、半夏之燥,
人参、白术之泥,俱非肺痹所宜。其陈皮虽能下气,然必广东化州所产,口中嚼试,其辣气直入丹田者为贵。今肆中药
无道地,下气亦非陈皮所胜矣。夫心火之明克肺金者,人之所知;而脾土之暗伤肺金者,多不及察。盖饮食入胃,必由
脾而转输于肺。倘脾受寒湿,必暗随食气输之于肺,此浊气干犯清气之一端也。肝之浊气,以多怒而逆干于肺;肾
之浊气,以多欲而逆干于肺。三阴之邪,以渐填塞肺窍,其治节不行而痹成矣。开肺痹之法,昌颇有寸长,见《寓意》
等集中,兹不赘。
肾痹,用牛膝酒 原治肾痹虚冷,复感寒湿为痹。 牛膝 秦艽 川芎 白茯苓 防己 官桂 独活(各二两)
五加皮(四两) 丹参 薏苡仁 火麻仁(炒) 麦冬 石斛 杜仲(炒各一两) 附子(制) 地骨皮 干姜(炮各
五钱) 上 咀,生绢袋盛之,好酒一斗浸。春秋五日;夏三日;冬十日。每服半盏,空心食前服,日二次。 按∶肾
为北方寒水之脏,而先天之真火藏于其中。故谓生气之原,又谓守邪之神。今风寒湿之邪,入而痹之,生渐远矣,此方
防己、麦冬、丹参、地皮,迂缓不切。
三痹汤:治疗气血凝滞,手足拘挛,以及风、寒、湿三种邪气导致的痹证。
人参、黄芪、当归、川芎、白芍药、生地黄、杜仲(用姜汁炒制)、川续断、防风、桂心、细辛、白茯苓、秦艽、川牛膝、川独活、甘草(以上药材各等分)。
以上药材加水三盏,生姜三片,大枣一枚,煎煮至剩余五分药液,不拘时间服用。
按语:此方在人参、四物汤(补血调血的基础方剂)这一派补益药物中,加入防风、秦艽以抵御风湿,桂心以抵御寒气,细辛、独活以通达肾气。凡是治疗因正气虚弱而遭受风、寒、湿三气侵袭所致的痹病患者,适宜参照此法。
痹证位于上部,使用桂枝五物汤。
黄芪(三两)、桂枝(三两)、芍药(三两)、生姜(六两)、大枣(十二枚)。
以上五味药,加水六升,煮取二升药液,温服七合,每日三次服用。另一版本方中含有参。
按语:这是《金匮要略》中治疗血痹的方子。血痹使用桂枝汤加黄芪,是因为风邪独盛,风性向上,所以痹证发生在上部。其脉象微涩,寸口和关上脉小且紧,紧脉是邪气附着的确验。然而又说寸口和关上脉微,尺中脉小紧,外症表现为身体麻木不仁,像风痹的样子,此方主治。这又可见风性善于游走,无论病位在上还是在下,都以此方为主治。
痹证位于手臂,使用十味锉散。原用于治疗中风导致血虚引起的臂痛,牵连筋骨,举动困难支撑不住。
附子(炮制)、黄芪、当归、白芍药(各一钱)、川芎、防风、白术(各七分)、茯苓、肉桂(各五分)、熟地黄(酒洗后焙干,二钱)。
加水二盏,生姜三片,大枣二枚,饭后临睡前服用。
按语:臂痛是由于筋脉舒展不开。体质壮实者,可以去除筋脉中的风邪;但既然已经是血痹,所受风燥的损害不浅,所以选用此方。在养血之中,加入附子的力量,以通达阳气;并使用防风,作为反佐黄芪,排出肌肉腠理间的风邪。
痹证位于手足,属于风邪侵袭四肢末端的疾病,则使用乌头粥。原用于治疗风寒湿邪导致的麻木不仁。
乌头(生研为粉末)。每次用香熟的白晚米二合,加入药末四钱,同米一起在砂罐中煮成稀粥,不要太稠。加入生姜汁一匙,白蜜三匙,搅匀,空腹温热饮用为佳。如果湿气重,再加薏苡仁末三钱。服用此粥,对治疗手足不能随意活动,以及肿痛无法抬起者效果显著,也可用于预防。
按语:四肢是诸阳经的根本。根本之地,阳气已经先不能发挥作用,何况是周身经络的末端呢?所以用乌头配合谷物味道,先从营卫所生的地方着力,使四肢末端的阳气逐渐充盈。使用方剂的人应当知晓这一点。
痹证位于手足,属于湿气流注关节,则使用薏苡汤。原用于治疗手足流注疼痛、麻木不仁,难以屈伸。
薏苡仁、当归、芍药、桂心、麻黄(各一钱)、甘草(五分)、苍术(米泔水浸泡后炒制,二钱)。
加水二钟,生姜五片,煎煮至八分药液,饭前服用。有汗者去掉麻黄,有热者去掉桂心。
按语:此方以薏苡仁为君药,舒筋除湿,药力温和缓和,用量应当加倍。至于麻黄,虽然能通达阳气,但在湿邪胜出的方剂中,即使无汗也不可用多,减少大半即可。
痹证位于身体下半部,使用通痹散。原用于治疗腰部以下至足部,风、寒、湿三气结合而成的痹证。双脚冷如冰,直到脐部,不能自行抬起,或者因为酒后站立冷水中,久而成此疾。
天麻、独活、当归、川芎、白术、藁本(各等分)。
以上药材研为细末,每次服用二钱,用热酒调服。
按语:此方是因为风、寒、湿三气混合侵入阴股部位。邪气已经超越营卫,所以改变桂枝五物汤的体制,而使用此散剂,缓缓分出邪气。
痹证遍布全身,疼痛游走无定处,使用控涎丹。原用于治疗人忽然患胸、背、手、脚、腰、胯部疼痛不可忍受,牵连筋骨,坐卧不宁,疼痛游走无定处。这是由于痰涎潜伏在胸膈上下,变为此疾。或者令人头重不能抬起;或者神志昏倦多睡;或者饮食无味,痰唾稠粘,口角流涎,躺下时喉中有声音,手脚肿痹,气脉不通,疑似瘫痪,但服用此药几服后,病如消失。
甘遂、大戟、白芥子。上等分为末,用曲制成梧桐子大小的丸药。饭后临睡前用姜汤送服五到七丸,或十丸,根据患者情况决定剂量。
按语:风、寒、湿三痹之邪,常常借助人体胸中的痰作为援助。所以治疗痹证的方剂中,多兼用治疗痰的药物。我在中风第四十一方中,取用三因白散子中使用半夏的方法,已见大意。只是彼方治疗浊气上干,此方治疗浊痰四处流注,如果不除去浊痰,那么三痹就没有安宁之所。凡是遇到痰积极盛的病症,此方也不可缺少,实在不仅仅是说子和(张从正)的方法足以胜任治疗痹证的作用。学习者需辨别清楚。
又一方使用白茯苓(二两)、半夏(四两)、枳壳(一两)、风化硝(三钱),用姜汁糊丸,梧桐子大小。每次服用五十丸,姜汤送下。然而治疗痹证以开通阳气、补养阴血为贵,刻意治痰,必然会使血液变得干燥,不可以认为此方优于彼方而滥用。
痹证在脉,使用人参丸。
人参、麦门冬、茯神、赤石脂、龙齿、石菖蒲、远志、黄芪(各一两)、熟地黄(二两)。
以上药材研为末,炼蜜调和捣五百杵制成丸药,梧桐子大小。每次服用三十丸,饭后用清米饮送下。
按语:心主脉,《内经》说脉痹不已,会传变于心。可见五脏各有其所主,也各有其传变规律。此方能安心神,补心血,事先预防,功效更灵敏。加入当归、甘草、姜、枣、粳米汁煎服效果更好。
痹证在胸,使用栝蒌薤白半夏汤。治疗胸痹不能平卧,心痛放射至背部。
栝蒌实(一枚捣碎)、薤白(三两)、半夏(三两)、白酒(四升)。
以上四味药同煮,取一升五合药液。分三次服用,温服半升,一天内服完。
按语:胸痹的症状,是人们普遍患有的疾病。仲景在《金匮要略》中列出十方来治疗它,然而没有明确说明。大概胸部如同中空的天际,阳气经过的地方,如同太阳照耀天空,空旷无边。如果地气一旦上升,就会更加窒塞。所以知道胸痹是阳气不主事,阴气在上的征候。仲景轻症用薤白白酒,以通达阳气;重症用附子干姜,以消除阴气。因为胸痹不同于其他病患,补天浴日(比喻挽救危局),在于医生的眼力和手段。后世总不知道胸痹是什么病,我特别在乙集胸寒痹痛条下加以阐明。文学钱尊王,胸中不适经年,不能自己描述症状,颇为忧虑。我投以薤白汤,第二天他说:一年的病,一剂就立刻除去了。多么神奇啊!我不过是以仲景的心法作为法则罢了,有什么神奇的?然而比起各家习用的白豆蔻、广木香、诃子、三棱、神曲、麦芽等药物,坐耗胸中阳气来说,相差太远了。
痹证在胞(此处指膀胱或生殖系统相关部位),使用肾沥汤。原用于治疗胞痹小腹急痛,小便赤涩。
麦门冬、五加皮、犀角(镑片,各一钱)、杜仲、桔梗、赤芍药、木通(各一钱五分)、桑螵蛸(一两)。
加水一盏半,加入羊肾一只,去掉脂膜切细,竹沥少许,同煎至一盏药液。去渣,空腹顿服,每日两次服用。另一版本有桑皮,无螵蛸。
按语:此方名为肾沥,形容其胞中之气,痹阻而不化。如同外肾排尿,滴沥不出的痛苦。这是因为虚热壅塞膀胱,肺气不能下行所致。桑皮、螵蛸,都是为治疗肺而设。此方的大意,仅可见一斑。不可误认为是其人内肾素来虚弱,而导致小便淋滴。
痹证在肠,使用吴茱萸散。原用于治疗肠痹,寒湿内搏,腹痛胀满,气急,大便完谷不化(飧泄)。
吴茱萸(汤泡后焙干)、干姜(炮制)、甘草(炙制)、肉豆蔻(煨制,各五钱)、砂仁、神曲、白术(各一两)、浓朴(姜汁炒制)、陈皮、良姜(各一两)。
以上药材研为末,每次服用一钱,饭前用米饮送下。
按语:肠痹的证候,总与脾胃有关。寒邪湿邪,先损伤太阴之脾;风邪先损伤阳明之胃。太阴受伤故腹满;阳明受伤故飧泄。《内经》说胃风久蓄成为飧泄,明白不是朝夕之间的缘故。脾胃有病,三痹互结于肠,这里适宜用辛辣药物开通它。不像胞痹是膀胱的热证,应当用清凉类药物相比拟。
痹证在筋,使用羚羊角散。原用于治疗筋痹,肢节酸痛。
羚羊角、薄荷、附子、独活、白芍药、防风、川芎(各等分)。
加水一盏半,生姜三片,煎煮至五分药液服用。
按语:此方治疗筋痹的意义,美好倒是美好,但不尽善尽美。因为七味药各用等分,漫无君臣佐使的配伍法则。大概筋痹必须以舒筋为主,宜加倍使用羚羊角为君药。筋痹必定因为血不荣养,宜以白芍、川芎,再加上当归为臣药。然而恐怕羚角性寒,只能舒筋,不能开痹,必须少用附子的辛热作为反佐,更少用薄荷、独活、防风,放入风寒湿的队伍中,作为使药即可。使用方剂的人必须认识这一点。
痹证在皮,使用羌活汤。原用于治疗皮痹,皮肤中感觉像虫子爬行,腹胁胀满,大肠不利,说话不出声。
羌活、细辛、附子(炮制去皮脐)、沙参、羚羊角(镑片)、白术、五加皮、生地黄、官桂、枳壳(麸炒)、麻黄(去节)、白蒺藜、杏仁、丹参、萆薢、五味子、石菖蒲、木通、槟榔、郁李仁(泡去皮)、赤茯苓(各等分)。
加水一盏半,生姜五片,煎煮至七分药液,不拘时间温服。
按语:皮痹不已,传入于肺,那么制方应当以清肺气为主。此方杂乱,不适合使用。现在选取沙参、羚羊角、麻黄、杏仁、白蒺藜、丹参、五味子、石菖蒲八味药,去掉羌活、细辛、附子、白术、五加皮、生地黄、官桂、枳壳、萆薢、木通、槟榔、郁李仁、赤茯苓九味药,而加入石膏以清肺热,甘草以和肺气,再加少许干姜作为反佐,因为干姜得五味子,能收敛逆乱的肺气。
热痹,使用升麻汤。原用于治疗热痹,肌肉极热,身体上像老鼠跑过,唇口反缩,皮毛变红黑。
升麻(三钱)、茯神、人参、防风、犀角(镑片)、羚羊角(镑片)、羌活(各一钱)、官桂(三分)。
加水二钟,生姜三片,加入竹沥半酒盏,不拘时间服用。
按语:此方是刘河间所制定,后人治疗热病,遵循使用河间之法,确实值得效法。方中以升麻为君药,清除阳明肌肉之热,然而热甚必扰乱神识,所以以人参、茯神、犀角、羚羊角为臣药来协助处理,以官桂三分作为反佐,以羌活、防风为使药。如同秋月的寒潭,碧绿清澈可爱。我的意见是羌防使药,再减少一半,不是故意啰嗦,无非是想为引导后来者提供帮助。
冷痹,使用巴戟天汤。原用于治疗冷痹,脚膝疼痛,行走艰难。
巴戟天(去心,一钱)、附子(制)、五加皮(各七分)、川牛膝(酒炒,一钱)、石斛、甘草(炙制)、萆薢、白茯苓、防风、防己(各五分)。
加水二盏,生姜三片,煎煮至八分药液,空腹服用。
按语:冷痹的证候,其风、寒、湿三痹之气,都挟带北方寒水之势,甚至有温补都不容易变热的情况。方中使用巴戟天为君药,是正确的。其中的附子、茄皮(原文疑误,应为其他药或指代不明,此处依原文保留语境理解,实际方中未见茄皮,可能指代前文或笔误,但提取实体时需注意,此处方中无茄皮,只有巴戟天、附子、五加皮、川牛膝、石斛、甘草、萆薢、白茯苓、防风、防己)、牛膝、石斛、茯苓、甘草,也有大小臣工的意思。然而不用当归、肉桂来温补血分,辅助君药的药物,还有不够贴切之处。萆薢作为反佐,防风、防己作为使药,则是恰当的。
心痹,使用犀角散。原用于治疗心痹,神志恍惚恐惧,闷乱不得睡眠,志气不宁,语言错乱。
犀角、羚羊角、人参、沙参、防风、天麻、天竺黄、茯神、升麻、独活、远志、麦门冬、甘草(各一钱)、龙齿、丹参(各五分)、牛黄、麝香、龙脑(各一分)。
以上药材研为末,与其他药一起重研,令其极细。每次服用钱半,不拘时间,用麦门冬汤调服。
按语:此散剂,每次服用中脑(龙脑)麝(麝香)才得一厘五毫,并且有人参、甘草调和胃气固护正气,庶几可以使用。然而这两味药不过借以通心开窍罢了,原本不必多用,再减少三分之一更好。
肝痹,使用人参散。原用于治疗肝痹气逆,胸膈牵引疼痛,睡卧多惊,筋脉挛急,此药镇邪。
人参、黄芪、杜仲(酒炒)、酸枣仁(微炒)、茯神、五味子、细辛、熟地黄、川芎、秦艽、羌活(各一两)、丹砂(五钱另研)。
以上药材研为极细末,加入丹砂再研匀。每次服用一钱,不拘时间调服,每日两次。
按语:厥阴肝脏,所生的是血;所藏的是魂。血痹不行,其魂自然混乱。现在不通利其血,而只治疗惊悸,这是不得要领的做法。方中使用参、芪益气以推动血行,是对的。那些养血宁神镇惊的药物,大多泛泛而不贴切。我曾制定一方,以人参为君药,黄芪、肉桂、当归、川芎为臣药,以代赭石专门通利肝血,辅助参、芪的不足,少加羌活为使药。大概气是血的统帅,气壮则血行,然而必须用肉桂、当归大温其血,预先解除其凝泣的趋势,然后用代赭石的沉重坠降,直入厥阴血分,开通其瘀壅,并用羌活引入风痹所在之处。因为厥阴主风,风去则寒湿自然不存在了。记录出来以请教高明人士。
脾痹,使用温中法曲丸。原用于治疗脾痹,发作咳嗽呕吐涎沫。法曲(炒制)、麦芽(炒制)、白茯苓、陈皮(去白)、浓朴(制)、枳实(麸炒,各一两)、人参、附子(制)、干姜(炮制)、当归(酒洗焙干)、甘草(炙制)、细辛、桔梗(各五钱)、吴茱萸(汤泡,三钱)。
以上药材研为细末,炼蜜丸,梧桐子大小。每次服用七八十丸,饭前热水送下。
按语:脾是太阴之脏,其痹必定寒湿多而风少。此方温中理气,壮阳驱阴,种种都有章法。但既然说是发作咳嗽呕吐涎沫,半夏似乎不可缺少。
肺痹,使用紫苏汤。原用于治疗肺痹,心膈窒塞,上气不下。
紫苏子(炒制)、半夏(制)、陈皮(去白,各一钱)、桂心、人参、白术(各五分)、甘草(二分)。
加水一盏半,生姜五片,大枣二枚,煎煮至七分药液,不拘时间温服。
按语:肺是相傅之官,治理调节运行其中。统领周身之气,无微不入,所以肺痹就是气痹,很明白了。苏子虽然能降气,其力很轻,而且桂心、半夏的燥烈,人参、白术的滋腻,都不是肺痹所适宜的。陈皮虽然能下气,但必须是广东化州所产的,口中嚼试,其辣气直入丹田的才算珍贵。现在药店中药材没有道地的,下气也不是陈皮所能胜任的了。心火之明克肺金,是人所知道的;而脾土之暗伤肺金,大多来不及察觉。大概饮食入胃,必须由脾转输于肺。如果脾受寒湿,必定暗中随着食气输之于肺,这是浊气干犯清气的一个方面。肝的浊气,因为多怒而逆干于肺;肾的浊气,因为多欲而逆干于肺。三阴之邪,逐渐填塞肺窍,其治理调节不行而痹形成了。开通肺痹的方法,我颇有心得,见于《寓意》等集中,这里不再赘述。
肾痹,使用牛膝酒。原用于治疗肾痹虚冷,又感受寒湿成为痹证。
牛膝、秦艽、川芎、白茯苓、防己、官桂、独活(各二两)、五加皮(四两)、丹参、薏苡仁、火麻仁(炒制)、麦冬、石斛、杜仲(炒制,各一两)、附子(制)、地骨皮、干姜(炮制,各五钱)。
以上药材切碎,用生绢袋盛装,好酒一斗浸泡。春秋五日;夏季三日;冬季十日。每次服用半盏,空腹饭前服用,每日两次。
按语:肾是北方寒水之脏,而先天真火藏于其中。所以称为生气之源,又称守邪之神。现在风、寒、湿之邪,进入而痹阻它,生气渐渐远离了,此方中的防己、麦冬、丹参、地骨皮,迂回缓慢且不贴切。
Sanbi Tang (Three-Obstruction Decoction): Treats stagnation of Qi and Blood, spasms and contracture of the hands and feet, and Bi syndrome caused by Wind, Cold, and Dampness.
Renshen (Ginseng Radix), Huangqi (Astragali Radix), Danggui (Angelicae Sinensis Radix), Chuanxiong (Ligustici Chuanxiong Rhizoma), Baishao (Paeoniae Radix Alba), Shengdihuang (Rehmanniae Radix), Duzhong (Eucommiae Cortex) (stir-fried with ginger juice), Chuanxuduan (Dipsaci Radix), Fangfeng (Saposhnikoviae Radix), Guixin (Cinnamomi Cortex), Xixin (Asari Radix et Rhizoma), Bai Fuling (Poria), Qinjiao (Gentianae Macrophyllae Radix), Chuan Niuxi (Achyranthis Bidentatae Radix), Chuan Duhuo (Angelicae Pubescentis Radix), Gancao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma) (all in equal parts).
Add three cups of water, three slices of fresh ginger, and one jujube to the above herbs. Decoct until five-tenths of the liquid remains. Take at any time.
Commentary: This formula adds Fangfeng and Qinjiao to resist Wind-Dampness, Guixin to resist Cold, and Xixin and Duhuo to unblock Kidney Qi within a group of tonifying herbs including Renshen and Siwu Tang (Four Substances Decoction, a basic formula for nourishing blood and regulating menstruation). For patients suffering from Bi syndrome due to deficiency allowing invasion by Wind, Cold, and Dampness, this method is appropriate.
For Bi located in the upper body, use Guizhi Wuwu Tang (Cinnamon Twig Five-Ingredient Decoction).
Huangqi (3 liang), Guizhi (Cinnamon Twig) (3 liang), Shaoyao (Peony Root) (3 liang), Shengjiang (Fresh Ginger) (6 liang), Dazao (Jujube) (12 pieces).
Decoct the above five ingredients in six sheng of water to obtain two sheng. Take seven ge warm, three times a day. Another version contains Renshen.
Commentary: This is the formula from *Jin Gui Yao Lue* (Essential Prescriptions of the Golden Cabinet) for treating Blood Bi. Blood Bi uses Guizhi Tang plus Huangqi because Wind pathogen dominates; Wind nature tends upward, hence the Bi occurs in the upper part. The pulse is slightly choppy and fine; the Cun and Guan positions are small and tight, indicating the presence of pathogenic factors. It also states that if the Cun and Guan pulses are fine and the Chi position is slightly tight, accompanied by numbness resembling Wind Bi, this formula is indicated. This shows that Wind moves freely, whether up or down, this formula serves as the main treatment.
For Bi located in the arms, use Shiwei Cuo San (Ten-Ingredient Powder). Originally used for arm pain due to wind-stroke and blood deficiency, affecting sinews and bones, making movement difficult.
Fuzi (Prepared Aconite Lateralis Radix Preparata), Huangqi, Danggui, Baishao (each 1 qian), Chuanxiong, Fangfeng, Baizhu (Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma) (each 7 fen), Fuling, Rougui (Cinnamon Bark) (each 5 fen), Shudihuang (Prepared Rehmanniae Radix) (wine-washed and dried, 2 qian).
Add two cups of water, three slices of ginger, and two jujubes. Take after meals and before bed.
Commentary: Arm pain results from stiff sinews. In robust constitutions, Wind within the sinews can be expelled; however, since it is already Blood Bi, the damage from Wind-Dryness is significant, so this formula is chosen. Within blood-nourishing herbs, Fuzi's power unblocks Yang Qi; Fangfeng acts as an assistant to Huangqi to expel Wind from the muscle interstices.
For Bi in the hands and feet, where Wind invades the extremities, use Wutou Zhou (Aconite Porridge). Originally used for numbness and insensitivity due to Wind-Cold-Dampness.
Wutou (Raw Aconiti Radix, ground into powder). Use two he of fragrant white late rice per dose, add four qian of the medicine powder, and cook with the rice in a clay pot into a thin porridge, not too thick. Add one spoonful of fresh ginger juice and three spoonfuls of white honey, mix well, and drink warm on an empty stomach. If dampness is heavy, add three qian of Yiyiren (Coicis Semen) powder. This porridge effectively treats inability to move limbs and swelling/pain preventing lifting, and can be used for prevention.
Commentary: The four limbs are the root of all Yang meridians. If Yang Qi fails at the root, how much more so at the extremities? Thus, Wutou combined with grain flavors focuses effort where Ying and Wei originate, gradually filling the Yang of the four extremities. Practitioners must understand this.
For Bi in the hands and feet where Dampness flows into joints, use Yiyi Tang (Coix Decoction). Originally used for flowing pain in limbs, numbness, and difficulty flexing/extending.
Yiyiren (Coicis Semen), Danggui, Shaoyao, Guixin, Mahuang (Ephedrae Herba) (each 1 qian), Gancao (5 fen), Cangzhu (Atractylodis Rhizoma) (soaked in rice wash water and stir-fried, 2 qian).
Add two zhong of water and five slices of ginger. Decoct to eight-tenths. Take before meals. Remove Mahuang if sweating; remove Guixin if heat is present.
Commentary: This formula uses Yiyiren as the Sovereign herb to relax sinews and drain Dampness; its action is mild, so the dosage should be tripled. Although Mahuang can unblock Yang Qi, in formulas for dominant Dampness, even without sweating, it should not be used heavily; reduce by half.
For Bi in the lower half of the body, use Tongbi San (Unblocking Bi Powder). Originally used for Bi formed by Wind, Cold, and Dampness from the waist down to the feet. Feet cold as ice up to the navel, unable to lift oneself, possibly caused by standing in cold water while drunk, leading to chronic illness.
Tianma (Gastrodiae Rhizoma), Duhuo, Danggui, Chuanxiong, Baizhu, Bencao (Ligustici Wallichii Rhizoma) (equal parts).
Grind into fine powder. Take 2 qian each time, mixed with hot wine.
Commentary: This formula addresses Wind, Cold, and Dampness mixing into the inner thighs. The pathogen has exceeded Ying and Wei, so the structure of Guizhi Wuwu Tang is changed to this powder to slowly disperse the pathogen.
For Bi covering the whole body with wandering pain, use Kongxian Dan (Control Phlegm Pill). Originally used for sudden severe pain in chest, back, hands, feet, waist, and hips,牵扯 sinews and bones, restlessness, and migrating pain. Caused by phlegm-fluid retention in the chest and diaphragm. Symptoms may include heavy head, drowsiness, loss of taste, sticky sputum, drooling, gurgling in throat when lying down, limb swelling/numbness, blocked qi and vessels, mimicking paralysis. Taking this medicine a few times cures the disease.
Gansui (Kansui Radix), Daji (Euphorbiae Pekinensis Radix), Baijiezi (Sinapis Semen). Grind into powder, make pills with yeast paste, size of paulownia seeds. Take 5-7 or 10 pills after meals and before bed with ginger decoction, adjusted to patient's strength.
Commentary: Wind, Cold, and Dampness pathogens often rely on chest phlegm for support. Thus, Bi formulas often include phlegm-resolving drugs. I used Banxia (Pinelliae Rhizoma) in Formula 41 for wind-stroke, showing the principle. That formula treats turbid Qi rising; this treats turbid phlegm spreading everywhere. Without removing turbid phlegm, Bi has no peace. This formula is essential for severe phlegm accumulation, not merely following Hezi's (Zhang Congzheng) methods. Learners must distinguish.
Another prescription: Baifuling (2 liang), Banxia (4 liang), Zhike (Aurantii Fructus), Fenghua Xiao (Natrii Sulfas Efflorescens) (3 qian). Make pills with ginger juice, paulownia seed size. Take 50 pills with ginger decoction. However, treating Bi prioritizes unblocking Yang and nourishing Yin/Blood. Over-emphasizing phlegm resolution dries the blood; do not abuse this formula thinking it superior.
For Bi in the vessels, use Renshen Wan (Ginseng Pill).
Renshen, Maidong (Ophiopogonis Tuber), Fushen (Poria with Hostwood), Chishizhi (Halloysit Rubrum), Longchi (Dinosaur Bone), Shichangpu (Acori Tatarinowii Rhizoma), Yuanzhi (Polygalae Radix), Huangqi (each 1 liang), Shudihuang (2 liang).
Grind into powder, mix with refined honey, pound 500 times into pills, paulownia seed size. Take 30 pills after meals with clear rice water.
Commentary: The Heart governs vessels. *Neijing* states vessel Bi transmits to the Heart. Each Zang organ has its governance and transmission. This formula calms the Spirit and nourishes Heart Blood, offering preventive efficacy. Adding Danggui, Gancao, ginger, jujube, and rice gruel enhances effect.
For Bi in the chest, use Gualou Xiebai Banxia Tang (Trichosanthes, Allium, and Pinellia Decoction). Treats chest Bi preventing lying flat, heart pain radiating to the back.
Gualoushi (Trichosanthis Fructus) (one piece, crushed), Xiebai (Allii Macrostemonis Bulbus) (3 liang), Banxia (Pinelliae Rhizoma) (3 liang), Baijiu (White Wine) (4 sheng).
Boil the four ingredients together to obtain 1.5 sheng. Divide into three doses, take 0.5 sheng warm, consumed in one day.
Commentary: Chest Bi is common. Zhang Zhongjing listed ten formulas in *Jin Gui* but did not explicitly name the pathology. The chest is like the sky; Yang Qi passes through like the sun. If Earth Qi rises, obstruction worsens. Thus, Chest Bi indicates Yang failing to govern and Yin dominating above. Mild cases use Xiebai and Baijiu to unblock Yang; severe cases use Fuzi and Ganjiang (Dried Ginger) to eliminate Yin. Treating Chest Bi requires great skill, unlike other diseases. Later generations misunderstood Chest Bi; I clarified it in my *Yi Ji*. Mr. Qian Zunwang suffered chest discomfort for a year. One dose of Xiebai Tang cured him instantly. This is not magic, but applying Zhongjing's principles. Compared to common use of Bai Doukou, Guang Muxiang, Hezi, Sanleng, Shenqu, Maiya which consume Chest Yang, this is vastly superior.
For Bi in the Bao (Bladder/Uterus area), use Shenli Tang (Kidney Drip Decoction). Originally used for Bao Bi with acute lower abdominal pain and dark, scanty urination.
Maidong, Wujia Pi (Acanthopanacis Cortex), Xijiao (Rhinocerotis Cornu) (sliced, each 1 qian), Duzhong, Jiegeng (Platycodonis Radix), Chishaoyao (Red Peony Root), Mutong (Akebiae Caulis) (each 1.5 qian), Sangpiaoxiao (Mantis Ootheca) (1 liang).
Add 1.5 cups of water, one sheep kidney (cleaned and chopped), a little Zhuli (Bamboo Sap). Decoct to one cup. Strain, take on an empty stomach, twice daily. Another version includes Sangpi (Mulberry Bark), not Piaoxiao.
Commentary: Named "Kidney Drip" to describe Qi stagnation in the Bao, causing painful dribbling urine. Caused by deficient heat obstructing the Bladder and Lung Qi failing to descend. Sangpi and Piaoxiao target the Lung. Do not mistake this for inherent Kidney deficiency causing dribbling.
For Bi in the intestines, use Wuzhuyu San (Evodia Powder). Originally used for Intestine Bi with internal Cold-Damp combat, abdominal fullness/pain, shortness of breath, and undigested stool diarrhea (Sunxie).
Wuzhuyu (Evodiae Fructus) (soaked in water, dried), Ganjiang (Dried Ginger), Gancao (Honey-fried), Roudoukou (Myristica Seed) (roasted, each 5 qian), Sharen (Amomi Fructus), Shenqu (Medicated Leaven), Baizhu (each 1 liang), Houpo (Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex) (ginger-juice fried), Chenpi (Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium), Liangjiang (Alpiniae Katsumadai Rhizoma) (each 1 liang).
Grind into powder. Take 1 qian before meals with rice water.
Commentary: Intestine Bi relates to Spleen and Stomach. Cold-Damp injures Taiyin Spleen first; Wind injures Yangming Stomach first. Taiyin injury causes fullness; Yangming injury causes Sunxie. *Neijing* says Wind-Stomach leads to Sunxie over time. When Spleen/Stomach are diseased, Bi pathogens knot in the intestines; pungent/spicy herbs are needed to open them. Unlike Bao Bi (Bladder Heat) requiring cooling, this requires warming/opening.
For Bi in the sinews, use Lingyangjiao San (Antelope Horn Powder). Originally used for Sinew Bi with joint soreness and pain.
Lingyangjiao (Saiga Tataricae Cornu), Bohe (Menthae Haplocalycis Herba), Fuzi, Duhuo, Baishao, Fangfeng, Chuanxiong (equal parts).
Add 1.5 cups of water, three slices of ginger. Decoct to five-tenths. Take.
Commentary: While good, this formula lacks proper Sovereign-Assistant-Guide hierarchy by using equal parts. Sinew Bi requires relaxing sinews; Lingyangjiao should be doubled as Sovereign. Since Sinew Bi stems from blood malnourishment, Baishao, Chuanxiong, and Danggui should be Assistants. Lingyangjiao is cold and relaxes but doesn't open Bi; use small amount of Fuzi (pungent-hot) as Assistant-to-Assistant. Use less Bohe, Duhuo, Fangfeng as Guides among Wind-Cold-Damp herbs. Practitioners must know this.
For Bi in the skin, use Qianghuo Tang (Notopterygium Decoction). Originally used for Skin Bi with sensation of insects crawling, abdominal/flank fullness, bowel dysfunction, and aphonia.
Qianghuo (Notopterygii Rhizoma et Radix), Xixin, Fuzi (prepared, skin/navel removed), Shashen (Glehniae Radix), Lingyangjiao (sliced), Baizhu, Wujia Pi, Shengdihuang, Guanzi Gui (Cinnamon Twig), Zhike (bran-fried), Mahuang (de-seeded), Bajieli (Tribuli Fructus), Xingren (Prunus Armeniaca Seed), Danshen (Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix), Bixie (Smilacis Glabrae Rhizoma), Wuweizi (Schisandrae Fructus), Shichangpu, Mutong, Binglang (Arecae Semen), Yuliren (Pruni Semen) (soaked, peeled), Chifuling (Poria) (equal parts).
Add 1.5 cups of water, five slices of ginger. Decoct to seven-tenths. Take warm anytime.
Commentary: Skin Bi transmitting to Lung requires clearing Lung Qi. This original formula is messy. I select Shashen, Lingyangjiao, Mahuang, Xingren, Bajieli, Danshen, Wuweizi, Shichangpu (8 herbs). Remove Qianghuo, Xixin, Fuzi, Baizhu, Wujia Pi, Shengdihuang, Guanzi Gui, Zhike, Bixie, Mutong, Binglang, Yuliren, Chifuling (9 herbs). Add Shigao (Gypsum Fibrosum) to clear Lung heat, Gancao to harmonize Lung Qi, and a little Ganjiang as Assistant-to-Assistant (Ganjiang + Wuweizi controls rebellious Lung Qi).
Heat Bi, use Shengma Tang (Cimicifugae Decoction). Originally used for Heat Bi with extreme muscle heat, sensation of mice running on body, retracted lips/mouth, red/black skin/hair.
Shengma (Cimicifugae Rhizoma) (3 qian), Fushen, Renshen, Fangfeng, Xijiao (sliced), Lingyangjiao (sliced), Qianghuo (each 1 qian), Guanzi Gui (3 fen).
Add two zhong of water, three slices of ginger, half a wine cup of Zhuli. Take anytime.
Commentary: Formulated by Liu Hejian, worthy of emulation. Shengma is Sovereign to clear Yangming muscle heat. Severe heat disturbs spirit, so Renshen, Fushen, Xijiao, Lingyangjiao are Assistants. Guanzi Gui is Assistant-to-Assistant; Qianghuo/Fangfeng are Guides. Like autumn cold pool, clear and lovely. I suggest reducing Qianghuo/Fangfeng by half to guide future practitioners.
Cold Bi, use Bajitian Tang (Morinda Decoction). Originally used for Cold Bi with knee/foot pain and difficulty walking.
Bajitian (Morindae Officinalis Radix) (cored, 1 qian), Fuzi (prepared), Wujia Pi (each 7 fen), Chuan Niuxi (wine-fried, 1 qian), Shihu (Dendrobii Caulis), Gancao (honey-fried), Bixie, Baifuling, Fangfeng, Fangji (Stephaniae Tetrandrae Radix) (each 5 fen).
Add two cups of water, three slices of ginger. Decoct to eight-tenths. Take on empty stomach.
Commentary: Cold Bi involves Wind-Cold-Damp with Northern Cold-Water momentum, hard to warm. Bajitian as Sovereign is correct. Fuzi, Niuxi, Shihu, Fuling, Gancao act as Ministers. However, lacking Danggui and Rougui to warm Blood makes assistance incomplete. Bixie as Assistant-to-Assistant, Fangfeng/Fangji as Guides are appropriate.
Heart Bi, use Xijiao San (Rhino Horn Powder). Originally used for Heart Bi with vague/fearful spirit, restlessness, insomnia, unsettled will, confused speech.
Xijiao, Lingyangjiao, Renshen, Shashen, Fangfeng, Tianma, Tianzhuhuang (Calami Polyporus), Fushen, Shengma, Duhuo, Yuanzhi, Maidong, Gancao (each 1 qian), Longchi, Danshen (each 5 fen), Niuhuang (Bovis Calculus), Shexiang (Moschus), Naozhang (Borneolum Syntheticum) (each 1 fen).
Grind all to fine powder. Take 1.5 qian anytime with Maidong decoction.
Commentary: Naozhang and Shexiang are only 1.5 liang per dose, aided by Renshen/Gancao to protect Stomach/Qi, making it usable. But they only open orifices; reduce by one-third further.
Liver Bi, use Renshen San (Ginseng Powder). Originally used for Liver Bi with rebellious Qi, chest/diaphragm pulling pain, startle during sleep, sinew contracture.
Renshen, Huangqi, Duzhong (wine-fried), Suanzaoren (Ziziphi Spinosae Semen) (lightly fried), Fushen, Wuweizi, Xixin, Shudihuang, Chuanxiong, Qinjiao, Qianghuo (each 1 liang), Dansha (Cinnabar) (5 qian, separately ground).
Grind to fine powder, mix with Dansha. Take 1 qian anytime, twice daily.
Commentary: Liver stores Blood and Hun (Ethereal Soul). Blood Bi disrupts Hun. Merely treating startle without moving Blood is wrong. Using Renshen/Huangqi to boost Qi to move Blood is correct. Other calming herbs are too generic. I formulated a new prescription: Renshen as Sovereign; Huangqi, Rougui, Danggui, Chuanxiong as Assistants; Daizheshi (Haematitum) to specifically open Liver Blood, assisting Renshen/Huangqi; Qianghuo as Guide. Qi commands Blood; Rougui/Danggui warm Blood to prevent stasis; Daizheshi sinks into Jueyin Blood to open blockage; Qianghuo guides to Wind-Bi site. Jueyin governs Wind; removing Wind removes Cold-Damp. Submitted for expert review.
Spleen Bi, use Wenzhong Faqu Wan (Warm Middle Fermented Wheat Pill). Originally used for Spleen Bi with cough and vomiting saliva.
Faqu (Fermented Wheat), Maiya (Hordei Fructus Germinatus) (fried), Baifuling, Chenpi (peeled), Houpo (processed), Zhishi (Aurantii Fructus Immaturus) (bran-fried, each 1 liang), Renshen, Fuzi (prepared), Ganjiang (roasted), Danggui (wine-washed, dried), Gancao (honey-fried), Xixin, Jiegeng (each 5 qian), Wuzhuyu (water-soaked, 3 qian).
Grind to powder, make honey pills, paulownia seed size. Take 70-80 pills before meals with hot water.
Commentary: Spleen is Taiyin; Bi here is mostly Cold-Damp, little Wind. This formula warms Middle, regulates Qi, strengthens Yang, expels Yin. However, since there is cough/vomit saliva, Banxia seems necessary.
Lung Bi, use Zisu Tang (Perilla Decoction). Originally used for Lung Bi with chest/diaphragm obstruction and rebellious Qi.
Zisuzi (Perillae Fructus) (fried), Banxia (processed), Chenpi (peeled, each 1 qian), Guixin, Renshen, Baizhu (each 5 fen), Gancao (2 fen).
Add 1.5 cups of water, five slices of ginger, two jujubes. Decoct to seven-tenths. Take warm anytime.
Commentary: Lung is the Minister Official, governing Qi distribution. Lung Bi is Qi Bi. Zisuzi descends Qi weakly; Guixin/Banxia are drying; Renshen/Baizhu are cloying—unsuitable for Lung Bi. Chenpi descends Qi best if from Huazhou, Guangdong (spicy scent reaches Dantian); non-authentic Chenpi fails. Heart Fire conquers Lung Metal (known); Spleen Earth secretly harms Lung Metal (often missed). Food enters Stomach, transforms via Spleen to Lung. If Spleen has Cold-Damp, turbidity transfers to Lung, offending Clear Qi. Liver turbidity (anger) and Kidney turbidity (desire) also rebel against Lung. Three Yin pathogens fill Lung orifices, stopping governance, forming Bi. My methods for opening Lung Bi are in *Yu Yi*, not repeated here.
Kidney Bi, use Niuxi Jiu (Achyranthus Wine). Originally used for Kidney Bi with deficiency-cold and Cold-Damp invasion.
Niuxi, Qinjiao, Chuanxiong, Baifuling, Fangji, Guanzi Gui, Duhuo (each 2 liang), Wujia Pi (4 liang), Danshen, Yiyiren, Huomaren (fried), Maidong, Shihu, Duzhong (fried, each 1 liang), Fuzi (prepared), Digupi (Lycii Cortex), Ganjiang (roasted, each 5 qian).
Chop, place in raw silk bag, soak in 1 dou of good wine. Spring/Autumn 5 days; Summer 3 days; Winter 10 days. Take half cup on empty stomach before meals, twice daily.
Commentary: Kidney is North Cold-Water, containing Primordial Fire (Life Gate). It is the source of Life and Guardian against Pathogens. Wind-Cold-Damp invading stops Life Qi. Fangji, Maidong, Danshen, Digupi in this formula are slow and inappropriate.