鹤膝风者，即风寒湿之痹于膝者也。如膝骨日大，上下肌肉日枯细者，且未可治其膝，先养血气，俾肌肉渐荣，后
治其膝可也，此与治左右半身偏枯之证大同。夫既偏枯矣，急溉其未枯者，然后既枯者，得以通气而复荣。倘不知从气
引血，从血引气之法，但用麻黄、防风等散风之套药，鲜有不全枯而速死者。故治鹤膝风而亟攻其痹，必并其足痿而不
用矣。比而论之，其治法不益明乎。
古方治小儿鹤膝风，用六味地黄丸，加鹿茸、牛膝，共八味。不治其风，其意最善。盖小儿非必为风寒湿所痹，多
因先天所禀，肾气衰薄，随寒凝聚于腰膝而不解，从外可知其内也。故以六味丸补肾中之水，以鹿茸补肾中之火，以牛
膝引至骨节，而壮其里撷之筋，此治本不治标之良法也，举此为例而推之。
破伤风之证，最难治。人之壮盛者，随其外证，用表里中三法，及驱风之药，此无难也。人之素弱，及老人小儿，
或因跌仆去血过多，或因疮口脓水淋漓未合，风邪乘虚，深入血分者，宜比治血痹之例，四物汤中加去风药可也。其元
气大虚，不胜外风，昏迷厥逆，证属危急者，先进独参汤，随进星附汤，驱治虚风可也。其外科及军中备急诸方，皆为
壮盛者而设，预备以俟破伤证，随即灌药，故其功效敏捷，非方之有奇特也。倘风入既久，必难为功矣，欲为大医，备
急诸药，不可不蓄。如和荣汤；急风散；独圣散。
再论半身不遂，口眼 斜，头目眩晕，痰火炽盛，筋骨时疼。乃原于血虚血热，挟痰挟火，经络肌表之间，先已有
其病根。后因感冒风寒，或过嗜陈酒膏粱而助痰火，或恼怒而逆肝气，遂成此证。其在于经络肌表筋骨之间，尚未入于
脏腑者，并以通荣卫为治。如和荣汤中，有补血活血之功，不至于滞；有健脾燥湿消痰之能，不致于燥；又清热运动疏
风，开经络，通腠理；内固根本，外散病邪；王道剂也，多服可以见功。
凡治疠风之法，以清荣卫为主，其汗宜频发，血宜频刺，皆清荣卫之捷法也。生虫由于肺热，其清肃之令不行，故
由皮毛渐入腠理胃肠，莫不有虫。清其金，则虫不驱自熄。试观金风一动，旱魃绝踪，其理明矣。然清肺亦必先清荣卫，
盖荣卫之气，腐而不清，传入于肺，先害其清肃之令故也。苦药虽能泻肺杀虫，亦能伤胃，不可久服。胃者荣卫从出之
源也，久服苦寒，荣卫转衰，而腐败壅郁，不可胜言矣。所以苦参丸之类，荣卫素弱，谷食不充之人，不宜服也。大枫
子油，最能杀虫驱风，然复过于辛热，风未除而目先坏者多矣。其硫黄酒，服之必致脑裂之祸。又醉仙散入轻粉和末，
日进三服，取其人昏昏若醉，毒涎从齿缝中出，疠未瘥而齿先落矣。盖除疠之药，服之近而少，疠必不除。服之久且多，
疠虽除，药之贻害更大。惟易老祛风丸、东坡四神丹，二方可以久服取效，取为法焉。祛风丸；四神丹。
要知脉风成则为疠，然人之荣血，正行于十二经脉之中者也。用平善之药，生血清热为主，驱风杀虫为辅，更行汗
之刺之之法，无不愈者。且非极意惩创之人，不可与治。以戒色欲，禁口腹，二者非烈汉不能也。
痛风一名白虎历节风，实即痛痹也。《经》既言以寒气胜者为痛痹矣，又言凡伤于寒者，皆为热病，则用药自有一定
之权衡。观《金匮》用附子、乌头，必用于表散药中，合桂枝、麻黄等药同用，即发表不远热之义，至攻里必遵《内经》，
不远于寒可知矣，诸家方中，不达此义，即攻里概不远热，独《千金》犀角汤一方，深有合于经意，特表之为例。犀角
汤。
更有内热因血虚炽盛，始先表散药中早已不能用辛热者，即当取夏月治温热病之表法为例。诸家复无其方，独《本
事方》中，有牛蒡子散，先得我心，亦并表出。牛蒡子散。
鹤膝风，就是风寒湿邪痹阻于膝关节的病证。如果膝盖骨骼日渐肿大，而上下肌肉日渐枯瘦细小，此时不可直接治疗膝盖，应当先调养气血，使肌肉逐渐恢复荣润，然后再治疗膝盖，这与治疗左右半身偏枯（中风后遗症）的证候大体相同。既然已经出现偏枯，急需灌溉滋养那些尚未枯萎的部位，然后那些已经枯萎的部位，才能得以气机通畅并恢复荣润。倘若不懂得从气引血、从血引气的治法，仅仅使用麻黄、防风等发散风邪的常规药物，很少有不被耗竭正气而导致迅速死亡的。因此，治疗鹤膝风如果急于攻逐痹阻之邪，必然会导致足部痿废不用。以此类推，其治疗方法不是更加明确了吗？
古代方剂治疗小儿鹤膝风，使用六味地黄丸，加入鹿茸、牛膝，共八味药。不直接治风，其立意最为巧妙。因为小儿患此病不一定都是因风寒湿邪痹阻所致，多是因为先天禀赋不足，肾气衰弱薄弱，寒气凝聚于腰膝而不能解散，从外部症状可以推知内部病因。所以用六味地黄丸补肾中的阴水，用鹿茸补肾中的阳气，用牛膝引导药力至骨节，以强壮筋骨，这是治本而非治标的良法，列举这个例子来推及其他情况。
破伤风这一病证，最难治疗。对于身体壮实的人，根据其外在证候，运用表、里、中三法，以及驱散风邪的药物，这并不难。对于素体虚弱的人，以及老人和小孩，或者因为跌打损伤失血过多，或者因为疮口脓水淋漓未愈合，风邪乘虚深入血分的情况，应当参照治疗血痹的方法，在四物汤中加入祛风药物即可。如果是元气大虚，不能耐受外风侵袭，出现昏迷厥逆，证属危急的情况，先进服独参汤，随后进服星附汤，以驱除虚风即可。那些外科及军中备急的各种方剂，都是为身体壮实者设立的，预先准备以便在破伤证发生时随即灌药服用，所以功效敏捷，并非方剂本身有什么奇特之处。倘若风邪侵入时间已久，就难以奏效了。想要成为大医，储备各种急救药物是不可不做的。如和荣汤；急风散；独圣散。
再论述半身不遂，口眼歪斜，头目眩晕，痰火炽盛，筋骨时常疼痛。这是由于血虚血热，挟带痰浊和火邪，在经络肌表之间，原本已有病根。后来因为感冒风寒，或者过度嗜好陈年酒水和肥甘厚味而助长痰火，或者因为恼怒导致肝气上逆，于是形成这种证候。病邪位于经络肌表筋骨之间，尚未进入脏腑的，都以调和营卫作为治疗方法。如和荣汤，具有补血活血的功效，不至于滋腻滞涩；有健脾燥湿消痰的能力，不至于温燥伤阴；又能清热、运动气血、疏风，开通经络，通达腠理；内固根本，外散病邪；属于王道之剂，多服可以看到疗效。
凡是治疗疠风（麻风病）的方法，以清解营卫为主，汗法宜频繁发汗，刺络放血宜频繁进行，这都是清解营卫的快捷方法。生虫是由于肺热，肺的清肃功能不行，所以虫子由皮毛逐渐侵入腠理胃肠，无处不有。清泻肺金，则虫子不驱自灭。试看金风一动，旱魃绝迹，其中的道理就很明白了。然而清肺也必须先清营卫，因为营卫之气腐败不清，传入于肺，首先损害了肺的清肃功能。苦寒药物虽然能泻肺杀虫，也能损伤胃气，不可久服。胃是营卫化生的源头，久服苦寒药物，营卫反而衰败，而腐败壅郁，后果不堪设想。所以像苦参丸之类的药物，对于营卫素来虚弱、饮食营养不足的人，不宜服用。大枫子油，最能杀虫驱风，但是过于辛热，往往风邪未除眼睛先坏掉的很多。硫黄酒，服用必然导致脑部破裂的祸患。还有醉仙散加入轻粉研末，每天进服三次，让人昏昏沉沉像喝醉一样，毒涎从齿缝中流出，疠风没好牙齿先脱落了。大概除去疠风的药物，服用时间短且量少，疠风必然不能去除；服用时间长且量大，疠风虽然去除，但药物留下的危害更大。只有易老祛风丸、东坡四神丹，这两个方子可以久服取效，可以作为法则参考。祛风丸；四神丹。
要知道脉风形成后就是疠风，然而人的营血，正是运行在十二经脉之中的。使用平和善后的药物，以生血清热为主，驱风杀虫为辅，再加上发汗和刺络的方法，没有不能治愈的。而且如果不是极力惩戒自我、严格约束的人，不可以给他治疗。戒除色欲，节制饮食，这两点不是刚烈坚毅的人是不能做到的。
痛风又名白虎历节风，实际上就是痛痹。《内经》既然说了寒气胜者为痛痹，又说了凡受寒邪伤害的，都转化为热病，那么用药自然有一定的权衡标准。观察《金匮要略》中使用附子、乌头，必定是在发散表邪的药方中使用，配合桂枝、麻黄等药物同用，这就是“发表不远热”的意思，至于攻里必遵循《内经》，不远于寒就可以知道了。各家方剂中，不理解这一含义的，攻里一概不离温热，只有《千金方》中的犀角汤一方，深得经旨，特别列出作为范例。犀角汤。
更有内热因血虚而炽盛的，起初在表散药中早已不能用辛热药物，就应当取夏季治疗温热病的表法为例。各家没有这种方剂，只有《本事方》中有牛蒡子散，正合我的心意，也一并列出。牛蒡子散。
He Xi Feng (Crane's Knee Wind), which refers to Bi syndrome (obstruction syndrome) of the knee joint caused by wind, cold, and dampness pathogens. If the knee bones gradually enlarge while the muscles above and below gradually atrophy and become thin, one should not directly treat the knee at this stage. Instead, one must first nourish the blood and qi, allowing the muscles to gradually regain their lustrous state, before treating the knee. This is largely similar to the treatment of Pian Ku (hemiplegia/paralysis on one side). Since Pian Ku has occurred, it is urgent to irrigate and nourish the parts that have not yet withered, so that the withered parts can then receive unobstructed qi flow and regain nourishment. If one does not understand the methods of guiding blood from qi and guiding qi from blood, but merely uses routine dispersing herbs such as Ephedrae Herba (Mahuang, 麻黄) and Saposhnikoviae Radix (Fangfeng, 防风) to scatter wind, few will avoid total exhaustion of healthy qi and rapid death. Therefore, if treating He Xi Feng by hastily attacking the bi obstruction, it will inevitably lead to Wei Bi (flaccidity syndrome) of the legs where they become unusable. By analogy, is not the treatment method made clearer?
Ancient formulas for treating pediatric He Xi Feng used Liu Wei Di Huang Wan (Six-Ingredient Rehmannia Pill) supplemented with Deer Antler and Achyranthes Root, totaling eight ingredients. The intention of not directly treating the wind is most profound. This is because children do not necessarily suffer from this condition due to wind-cold-dampness bi; rather, it is often due to congenital deficiency, where kidney qi is weak and thin. Cold energy condenses in the waist and knees and fails to resolve. External symptoms reveal internal causes. Thus, Liu Wei Di Huang Wan tonifies the yin water of the kidney, Deer Antler tonifies the yang fire of the kidney, and Achyranthes Root guides the medicinal power to the bone joints to strengthen the sinews. This is an excellent method of treating the root rather than the branch. Taking this as an example allows for extrapolation to other cases.
Po Shang Feng (Broken-Wind Tetanus) is the most difficult condition to treat. For individuals in robust health, based on external manifestations, applying exterior, interior, and middle methods along with wind-dispelling drugs presents no difficulty. However, for those constitutionally weak, including the elderly and children, or those who have lost excessive blood due to falls and trauma, or whose wound exudates are profuse and unhealed, allowing wind pathogens to penetrate deeply into the blood level due to deficiency, one should refer to the treatment principles for Blood Bi. Adding wind-dispelling drugs to Si Wu Tang (Four Substances Decoction) is appropriate. In cases of severe yuan qi (original qi) deficiency, inability to withstand external wind, presenting with coma and reversal cold (Jue Ni, 厥逆), indicating a critical condition, one should first administer Du Shen Tang (Single Ginseng Decoction), followed by Xing Fu Tang (Arisaema and Asarum Decoction), to dispel deficient wind. Various emergency formulas in surgery and military medicine are designed for robust individuals, prepared in advance to be administered immediately upon injury, thus achieving rapid effects not because the formulas are unique, but due to timely application. If wind pathogens have penetrated for a long time, efficacy will be difficult to achieve. To become a great physician, one must stockpile various emergency medicines, such as He Rong Tang (Harmonizing Ying and Wei Decoction); Ji Feng San (Urgent Wind Powder); Du Sheng San (Supreme Single Herb Powder).
Regarding hemiplegia, deviation of the mouth and eyes, dizziness of the head and eyes, flourishing phlegm-fire, and intermittent pain in bones and sinews: these originate from blood deficiency and blood heat, carrying phlegm and fire. Pathological roots already exist between the meridians, muscles, and surface. Later, triggered by wind-cold invasion, excessive consumption of aged wine and rich foods which exacerbate phlegm-fire, or anger causing liver qi rebellion, this condition forms. When the pathogen resides in the meridians, muscles, and bones without entering the zang-fu organs, treatment should focus on harmonizing Ying (nutritive) and Wei (defensive) qi. For instance, He Rong Tang possesses the function of tonifying and invigorating blood without causing stagnation; it has the ability to strengthen the spleen, dry dampness, and resolve phlegm without being overly drying; it also clears heat, moves qi and blood, disperses wind, opens meridians, and unblocks cou li (interstices). It secures the root internally and disperses pathogens externally. It is a "King's Way" (gentle and balanced) formula; prolonged use yields results.
The general principle for treating Li Feng (Leprosy) is to clear the Ying and Wei levels. Frequent sweating and frequent pricking to bleed are both expedient methods for clearing Ying and Wei. Parasites arise from lung heat; when the lung's descending and purifying function fails, parasites enter from the skin and hair into the cou li, stomach, and intestines. Clearing Lung Metal causes parasites to extinguish spontaneously. Just as when metal wind blows, drought demons vanish, the principle is clear. However, clearing the lung must precede with clearing Ying and Wei, because if Ying and Wei qi become turbid and impure, they transmit to the lung, damaging its purifying function first. Although bitter drugs can drain the lung and kill parasites, they also damage the stomach and should not be taken long-term. The stomach is the source from which Ying and Wei emerge. Long-term use of bitter-cold drugs causes Ying and Wei to decline, leading to unbearable turbidity and stagnation. Therefore, formulas like Ku Shen Wan (Sophora Pill) are unsuitable for those with inherently weak Ying and Wei and insufficient dietary intake. Da Feng Zi You (Oil of Semendae Fructus) is highly effective at killing parasites and dispelling wind, but it is excessively acrid and hot; often, eyes are damaged before the wind is eliminated. Liu Huang Jiu (Sulfur Wine) ingestion inevitably leads to catastrophic brain rupture. Zui Xian San (Intoxicating Immortal Powder) mixed with Calamina (Qing Fen, 轻粉) is taken three times daily, inducing a drunken stupor, expelling toxic saliva through the teeth, resulting in tooth loss before leprosy is cured. Generally, antileprotic drugs taken in small doses for short periods fail to eliminate the disease; taken in large doses for long periods, although the disease may be eliminated, the drug-induced harm is greater. Only Yi Lao Qu Feng Wan (Yi Lao's Wind-Dispelling Pill) and Dong Po Si Shen Dan (Dong Po's Four Divine Pills) can be taken long-term for effect and serve as models. Qu Feng Wan; Si Shen Dan.
It must be understood that Mai Feng (Pulse Wind) transforms into Li Feng. Human Ying blood circulates within the twelve meridians. Using mild and beneficial drugs, focusing on generating blood and clearing heat, with wind-dispelling and parasite-killing as secondary measures, combined with sweating and pricking therapies, cure is assured. However, treatment is only suitable for those who strictly discipline themselves. Abstinence from sexual desire and moderation in diet are requirements that only vigorous and resolute individuals can meet.
Tong Feng (Gout), also known as Bai Hu Li Jie Feng (White Tiger Joint-Passing Wind), is essentially Tong Bi (Painful Bi). The Classics state that conditions dominated by cold are Tong Bi. They also state that all injuries from cold transform into heat diseases. Therefore, medication must follow a certain balance. Observing the Jin Gui Yao Lue (Essential Prescriptions from the Golden Cabinet), Fuzi (Prepared Aconite Root) and Wutou (Chuanwu, 乌头) are used within exterior-releasing formulas, combined with Guizhi (Cinnamon Twig) and Mahuang, embodying the principle that "releasing the exterior does not avoid heat." Conversely, treating the interior must follow the Nei Jing (Inner Canon), avoiding cold. Many practitioners fail to grasp this, using warm/hot drugs for interior attacks indiscriminately. Only the Xi Jiao Tang (Rhinoceros Horn Decoction) in Qian Jin Fang (Thousand Gold Formulas) aligns deeply with classic intent, presented here as an example. Xi Jiao Tang.
In cases where internal heat is flourishing due to blood deficiency, acrid-hot drugs in exterior-releasing formulas are contraindicated from the start. One should instead take the exterior-releasing methods for summer heat-warmth diseases as a model. Most families lack such formulas; only Niu Bang Zi San (Arctii Fructus Powder) in Ben Shi Fang (Formulas of Capability) fits my understanding, and is listed here. Niu Bang Zi San.