水银轻粉俱有毒，虽云下痰，性冷损心气。辰砂虽云镇坠，性寒损神。小儿服之易伤，每
每被其误也多矣。
小儿一周之内不可轻易频洗，肌肤脆嫩，腠理不密，洗之恐湿热之气郁蒸不散，变生赤
游丹毒。片片如胭脂，身发壮热，若毒瓦斯入腹者死。又有因浴伤寒，咳嗽上气外感之疾，多
由此也。
《乐记》曰∶凡音之起，由人心生也。人心之动，物使之然也。感于物而动，故形于声；
声相应，故生变。盖人病蕴于内，声音显于外。乐声乱则五音不和，人声乱则五脏不和，所以
听声音验人之疾病也。
《素问》云∶视喘息，听声音而知所苦。是故《周官》云∶以五气五色五声视以生死。
孙真人云∶五脏不和，五声不顺，五色不定，必主病也。《三因方》云∶观五脏有余不足，喉
之于声，中之守也。中盛则气盛，中虚则气弱，故声如从室中言，气之湿也。言而微，终日乃
复言，气之夺也。言语善恶，不避规疏，此神明之乱也。郑声音意不相续，阴阳失守也。故
曰∶得守者生，失守者死。
钱氏曰∶心主惊，实则叫哭发热，饮水而搐；虚则困卧悸动不安。心病多叫，手足动摇
惊悸。心气热则心胸亦热，欲言不能，而有就凉之意，故合面卧，心热。视其睡，口中气温，
或合面睡及上窜摇头切牙，皆心热也，导赤散主之。心实，则气上下涩，合卧，则气不通，
故喜仰卧，则气得上下通也，泻心汤主之。
肝主风，实则目直视，大叫呵欠，项急顿闷。虚则切牙多欠。气热则外生，气温则内生。
肝热，手寻衣领及乱捻物。肝有风，目连扎不搐，得心热则搐。治肝泻青丸，治心导赤散。肝
热甚，身反张直不搐，治与有风
同。凡病或新或久，皆引肝风，风动而止于头，目连扎也。若热入目，牵其筋脉，两背俱紧，
不能转视，故目直也。若得心热则搐。以其子母俱有实热，风火相抟故也。洁古曰∶肝主谋，热
则寻衣捻物，目连扎直视，不能转视，或极则身反强直折，皆风热也。目者肝之窍，肝属木，
木性急，故如此也。
脾主困，病则困睡泄泻，不思乳食。实则困睡身热饮水，虚则吐泻生风。
肺主喘，实则闷乱喘促，有饮水者，有不饮水者。虚则哽气，长出气。肺热手掐眉目鼻面。
肺盛复有风冷，胸满短气，气急喘嗽上气，当先散肺热，后散风冷。肺只伤寒则不胸满，肺虚
热唇深红色，治之散虚热。脾肺怯，唇白色，当补。若闷乱虚烦，气粗喘促者，难治，肺虚损
故也。脾肺病久则虚而唇枯。脾者肺之母也，母子皆虚，不能相营，故名曰怯。脾主唇，唇白
泽者吉，白如枯骨者死。洁古曰∶肺主气，燥则壮热饮水，喘闷鼻干燥，手扪眉面，泻白散主
之。胸满短气，气急喘嗽上气，皆是肺气有余，复感风邪所伤，谓之微邪，先泻而后发散。
肾主虚无实也。虚者由胎气不成，则神不足。目多白睛，颅囟开解，面色 白，此皆难养
，不过八八之数。若恣欲多，不及四旬而亡。或谓因病而致肾虚者，非也。又肾气不足，则下
窜，盖骨重惟欲坠下而缩身也。肾水，阴也。肾虚则畏明，宜补之。洁古曰∶下窜者，肾水不
足，两足热，不喜衣覆足。然此者脐以下皆肾之所主，缘心气下行于肾部也。此乃肾不足而心
有余，宜地黄丸主之。
水银和轻粉都有毒性，虽然声称能攻下痰涎，但性质寒凉，会损伤心气。辰砂（朱砂）虽然声称能镇惊安神，但性寒，会损伤神气。小儿服用容易受伤，因此常常被其误害的情况很多。
小儿出生一周内不可轻易频繁洗澡，因为肌肤脆嫩，腠理（皮肤纹理及汗孔）不致密，洗澡恐怕导致湿热之气郁结蒸腾不散，变生赤游丹毒（一种急性感染性皮肤病）。皮损片片如胭脂色，身体发高热，如果毒邪入腹则致死。又有因洗澡时感受伤寒，引发咳嗽、上气等外感疾病，大多由此引起。
《乐记》说：大凡音乐的兴起，是由人心产生的。人心的活动，是外物使它这样的。受外物感应而心动，所以表现为声音；声音相互应和，所以产生变化。大概人的病蕴藏在体内，声音显露在体外。音乐声混乱则五音不和，人声混乱则五脏不和，所以通过听声音来验证人的疾病。
《素问》说：观察喘息，听声音就能知道痛苦所在。因此《周官》说：通过五气、五色、五声来观察生死。孙思邈说：五脏不和，五声不顺，五色不定，必定主病。《三因方》说：观察五脏的有余和不足，喉是声音的中守之处。中气盛则声音盛，中气虚则声音弱，所以声音像从室内传出一样沉闷，这是湿气阻滞气机的表现。说话声音微弱，整天才再说一次，这是元气耗夺的表现。言语善恶不分，不顾忌讳疏远，这是神明错乱的表现。郑卫之音声音意思不相连续，这是阴阳失守的表现。所以说：得守者生，失守者死。
钱乙说：心主惊，实证表现为叫哭发热，喝水时出现抽搐；虚证表现为困倦嗜卧、悸动不安。心病多表现为叫喊，手足动摇、惊悸。心气热则心胸也热，想说话却说不出来，而有寻求凉爽的意愿，所以喜欢脸朝下睡，这是心热。观察睡眠，口中气温高，或者脸朝下睡以及向上窜动、摇头、磨牙，都是心热的表现，用导赤散主治。心实，则气机上下涩滞，脸朝下睡则气机不通，所以喜欢仰卧，这样气机就能上下通畅，用泻心汤主治。
肝主风，实证表现为眼睛直视，大声叫喊、打哈欠，项部拘急、头昏闷。虚证表现为磨牙、多打哈欠。气热则病邪向外生发，气温则病邪向内生成。肝热，手抓衣领及乱捻物品。肝有风，眼睛眨动但不抽搐，若得心热则抽搐。治疗肝用泻青丸，治疗心用导赤散。肝热甚，身体反而反张挺直但不抽搐，治疗与有风相同。凡是疾病或新或久，都会引动肝风，风动而止于头部，表现为眼睛眨动。如果热邪入目，牵拉筋脉，背部两侧都紧张，不能转动视线，所以眼睛直视。若得心热则抽搐。因为其母子（肝木生心火）俱有实热，风火相搏的缘故。李杲（洁古）说：肝主谋虑，热则寻衣摸物，眼睛眨动直视，不能转动视线，或者严重时身体反强直折，都是风热所致。眼睛是肝之窍，肝属木，木性急躁，所以如此。
脾主困倦，生病则困倦嗜睡、泄泻，不想吃奶进食。实证表现为困倦嗜睡、身热、想喝水；虚证表现为吐泻、生风。
肺主喘，实证表现为胸闷烦躁、气喘急促，有的想喝水，有的不想喝水。虚证表现为嗳气、长出气。肺热则手掐眉目鼻面。肺盛又感受风冷，胸满短气，气急喘嗽上气，应当先疏散肺热，后疏散风冷。肺只受伤寒则不胸满，肺虚热则嘴唇深红色，治疗疏散虚热。脾肺气怯，嘴唇白色，应当补益。如果胸闷烦躁、气粗喘促，难治，这是肺虚损的缘故。脾肺病久则虚而嘴唇干枯。脾是肺之母，母子皆虚，不能相互滋养，所以名叫“怯”。脾主唇，嘴唇白而有光泽者吉，白如枯骨者死。李杲（洁古）说：肺主气，燥则壮热想喝水，喘闷鼻干燥，手摸眉面，用泻白散主治。胸满短气，气急喘嗽上气，都是肺气有余，又感受风邪所伤，称为微邪，先泻后发散。
肾主虚而无实证。虚证是由于胎气不成，则神气不足。眼睛多露白睛，颅囟开解，面色㿠白，这些都难以养育，活不过八八六十四岁。如果纵欲过多，不到四十岁就死亡。有人说因病导致肾虚，是不对的。另外肾气不足，则足向下缩，因为骨重只想坠下而缩身。肾水，属阴。肾虚则畏光，宜补益。李杲（洁古）说：下窜，是肾水不足，两脚发热，不喜欢衣服覆盖双脚。然而这脐以下都是肾所主，因为心气下行于肾部。这是肾不足而心有余，宜用地黄丸主治。
Mercury (Hydrargyrum) and Calomel (Calomelas) are both toxic. Although they are said to purge phlegm, their nature is cold and damages Heart Qi (Heart Qi). Cinnabar (Cinnabaris), although said to anchor and subdue, has a cold nature that damages Shen (Spirit). Children taking these are easily injured, and many mistakes occur due to them.
Infants within one week of birth should not be bathed frequently or lightly. Their skin and muscles are tender, and the Couli (pores and interstices) are not dense. Bathing may cause damp-heat qi to stagnate and steam without dissipating, leading to the generation of Red Wandering Carbuncle (a type of acute infectious skin disease characterized by spreading redness). The lesions appear like slices of carmine, accompanied by high fever; if the toxin enters the abdomen, death ensues. Furthermore, catching a Cold damage (Shanghan) during bathing, resulting in cough and rebellious Qi, and other exterior syndromes, often arise from this cause.
The *Yueji* (Record of Music) states: "All music arises from the human heart." The movement of the human heart is caused by external objects. Moved by objects, it manifests as sound; sounds resonate with each other, thus generating variation. Generally, disease accumulates internally, while sound manifests externally. If musical sounds are chaotic, the five tones are discordant; if human voices are chaotic, the five Zang organs are discordant. Therefore, one verifies disease by listening to sounds.
The *Suwen* (Basic Questions) says: "Observe breathing and listen to voice to know the suffering." Thus, the *Zhouguan* (Rites of Zhou) states: "Use the five Qi, five colors, and five sounds to observe life and death." Sun Simiao said: "When the five Zang organs are discordant, the five sounds are unsmooth, and the five colors are indeterminate; this must indicate disease." The *Sanyin Fang* (Formulas of Three Causes) states: "To observe the excess and deficiency of the five Zang organs, the throat is the guardian of sound. When the interior is full, Qi is abundant; when the interior is deficient, Qi is weak. Thus, sound resembling speech from inside a room indicates dampness obstructing Qi. Speech that is faint, repeated only once throughout the day, indicates depletion of Qi. Incoherent speech, disregarding propriety and distance, indicates chaos of Shen (Spirit). Zheng-Wei sounds (sounds lacking continuity) indicate loss of Yin-Yang balance. Hence it is said: 'Those who retain balance live; those who lose balance die.'"
Qian Yi said: "The Heart governs fright. Excess presents as crying, shouting, fever, and convulsions upon drinking water; deficiency presents as lethargy, lying down, palpitations, and restlessness. Heart disease often involves shouting, shaking of hands and feet, and fright/palpitations. If Heart Qi is hot, the chest and heart feel hot; the patient wishes to speak but cannot, and seeks coolness, hence sleeping face down. This indicates Heart Heat. Observing sleep: warm breath from the mouth, sleeping face down, upward staring, head shaking, and grinding teeth all indicate Heart Heat. Treat with Daochi San (Guide Out Red Powder Decoction). In Heart Excess, Qi becomes stagnant above and below. Sleeping face down blocks Qi flow; thus, the patient prefers supine position to allow Qi to circulate freely. Treat with Xiexin Tang (Drain the Heart Decoction)."
"The Liver governs Wind. Excess presents as fixed gaze, loud crying, yawning, neck stiffness, and dizziness. Deficiency presents with teeth grinding and frequent yawning. Heat generates outwardly; cold generates inwardly. Liver heat causes the patient to seek clothing collars and fiddle with objects. Liver Wind causes eye twitching without convulsion; if combined with Heart Heat, convulsions occur. Treat the Liver with Xieqing Wan (Drain the Green Pill); treat the Heart with Daochi San. Severe Liver Heat causes opisthotonos (body arched backward) without convulsion; treatment is the same as for Wind. Any disease, new or old, can draw out Liver Wind. Wind moves to the head, causing eye twitching. If heat enters the eyes, it pulls the sinews, tightening both sides of the back, preventing eye movement, resulting in fixed gaze. If Heart Heat is present, convulsions occur because the mother (Liver/Wood) and child (Heart/Fire) both have excess heat, and wind-fire struggle together. Li Gao (Jiegu) said: 'The Liver governs planning. Heat causes seeking clothes and fiddling, eye twitching, fixed gaze, inability to turn eyes, or severe opisthotonos; all are Wind-Heat. The eyes are the opening of the Liver. The Liver belongs to Wood; Wood's nature is urgent, hence such symptoms.'"
"The Spleen governs lethargy. Disease presents as drowsiness, diarrhea, and refusal of milk/food. Excess presents as drowsiness, body heat, and thirst; deficiency presents as vomiting, diarrhea, and generation of Wind."
"The Lung governs panting. Excess presents as chest oppression, restlessness, and rapid panting; some patients desire water, others do not. Deficiency presents with belching and long sighs. Lung Heat causes the patient to pinch eyebrows, eyes, nose, and face. If Lung Excess is complicated by Wind-Cold, there is chest fullness, shortness of breath, and urgent panting/cough/rebellious Qi. One must first disperse Lung Heat, then disperse Wind-Cold. If the Lung is affected only by Cold Damage, there is no chest fullness. Lung deficiency-heat presents with deep red lips; treat by dispersing deficiency-heat. Spleen-Lung deficiency-cold presents with white lips; tonify. If there is oppression, restlessness, coarse breathing, and rapid panting, it is difficult to treat, due to Lung deficiency-damage. Chronic Spleen-Lung disease leads to deficiency and dry lips. The Spleen is the Mother of the Lung; if both mother and child are deficient and cannot nourish each other, it is named 'Qie' (Timidity/Weakness). The Spleen governs the lips; white and lustrous lips are auspicious; white like dead bone indicates death. Li Gao (Jiegu) said: 'The Lung governs Qi. Dryness causes high fever, thirst, panting, oppression, nasal dryness, and touching the brow/face. Treat with Xiebai San (Drain White Powder Decoction). Chest fullness, shortness of breath, urgent panting/cough/rebellious Qi are all signs of Lung Qi excess complicated by Wind pathogen invasion, called 'Minor Evil'; treat by draining first, then dispersing.'"
"The Kidney governs deficiency and has no excess. Deficiency arises from incomplete prenatal Qi, leading to insufficient Shen. There is excessive white in the eyes, open fontanelles, and pale complexion; these are hard to nurture and rarely survive past 64 years (8x8). If indulgence is excessive, death occurs before age 40. Some say illness causes Kidney deficiency; this is incorrect. Additionally, insufficient Kidney Qi causes downward curling of the feet, as bones are heavy and wish to sink, causing the body to shrink. Kidney Water is Yin. Kidney deficiency causes fear of light; tonify. Li Gao (Jiegu) said: 'Downward curling indicates insufficient Kidney Water, heat in both feet, and dislike of covering feet with clothes.' However, everything below the umbilicus is governed by the Kidney, because Heart Qi descends to the Kidney region. This is Kidney deficiency with Heart excess; treat with Dihuang Wan (Rehmannia Pill)."