经曰∶肝脉小急，痫螈筋挛。又云∶肝脉微涩，为螈 筋挛。
心脉急甚为螈 。脾脉急甚为螈 。
太阳之脉，其终也，戴眼、螈 ，其色白。
《脉经》曰∶寒热螈 ，其脉代绝者，死。
河间云∶精液少，筋脉不荣灌而引急，及五劳七伤，小便数，大便难，加减建中汤主之。
又云，肾生精液，肝主筋，心主脉，肾精盛，则滋育诸筋，荣灌诸脉，故筋脉柔和。今肾中
精亏，筋脉相引而螈，当滋肾以沃之。
一小儿，年十三岁，伏天戏水得湿，精神 愦，怠惰嗜卧，头疼身热，腿脚沉重。女医用
和解发散之太过，汗出透衾，次日寻衣撮空，又以承气汤下之后，言语渐不出，四肢不能收持，
有时项强，手足螈 ，搐急而挛，
目左视而白睛多，口唇肌肉 动，饮食减少，形体羸瘦，盖伤湿而过汗也。且人之元气起于
脐下，肾间动气周于身，遍行百脉。今盛暑时，大发其汗而亡阳，百脉行涩，故三焦之气不能
上荣心脉，心火旺而肺气焦，阳气亡而声不出也。又曰∶阳气者，刚则养神，柔则养筋。又曰∶
夺血无汗，夺汗无血。今汗多而血气损，筋无所养，故螈 搐急也。治当益水之源，补其生
发之气。以人参益气汤主之。经曰∶热淫所胜，治以甘寒，以酸收之；参 之甘温，补其不足之
气，而缓其急搐，故以为君；肾恶燥，急食辛以润之。生甘草微寒，黄柏苦辛寒，以救肾水而
生津液，故以为臣；当归辛温和血脉，陈皮苦辛，白术苦甘，炙甘草甘温益脾胃，进饮食。肺
欲收，急食酸以收之，白芍药之酸微寒，以收耗散之气而补肺以为佐；升麻柴胡平，以升发之
气为使，乃从阴引阳之谓也。
《黄帝内经》说：肝脉象细小而急，会出现癫痫、抽搐和筋脉拘挛。又说：肝脉象微弱而涩，也会出现抽搐和筋脉拘挛。
足太阳膀胱经的经脉，在病情发展到终末阶段时，会出现两眼上视（戴眼）、抽搐，面色发白。
《脉经》说：患有寒热交替且伴有抽搐的患者，如果脉象出现代脉（间歇有定数）且断绝，是死证。
刘完素（河间）说：精液不足，导致筋脉得不到滋养灌溉而牵引拘急，以及因五劳七伤引起的小便频数、大便困难，用加减建中汤主治。
他又说，肾生成精液，肝主管筋，心主管脉。肾精充盛，就能滋润养育各种筋脉，荣养灌溉各种血脉，所以筋脉柔和。现在肾中精气亏损，筋脉相互牵引而发生抽搐，应当滋补肾阴以润泽它。
有一个十三岁的男孩，在伏天玩水受了湿气，精神昏乱，倦怠嗜睡，头痛身热，腿脚沉重。女医生使用和解发散的药物过于猛烈，导致汗出透湿被褥。第二天出现伸手摸空、寻衣撮空的症状，医生又用承气汤攻下。之后患者言语逐渐不能发出，四肢无法收持控制，有时颈部僵硬，手足抽搐，拘急挛缩，眼睛向左看且白睛显露较多，口唇肌肉跳动，饮食减少，形体消瘦。这是因为感受湿气却过度发汗所致。而且人的元气起源于脐下，肾间的动气遍布全身，通行于百脉。如今在盛暑之时，大发其汗导致阳气亡失，百脉运行涩滞，所以三焦之气不能上荣于心脉，导致心火旺盛而肺气焦枯，阳气亡失而声音不能发出。又说：阳气刚强则养神，柔和则养筋。又说：耗伤血液者不可再发汗，耗伤津液（汗）者不可再耗血。现在汗出过多导致气血受损，筋脉失去滋养，所以发生抽搐拘急。治疗应当益补水之源，补益生发之气。用人参益气汤主治。《内经》说：热邪过胜，用甘寒之法治疗，用酸味药收敛；人参的甘温之性，能补益不足之气，并缓解紧急抽搐，所以作为君药；肾恶燥，应急食辛味药以润之。生甘草微寒，黄柏苦辛寒，用来救肾水而生津液，所以作为臣药；当归辛温能和血脉，陈皮苦辛，白术苦甘，炙甘草甘温能益脾胃、增进饮食。肺喜收敛，应急食酸味药以收敛，白芍药的酸味微寒，能收敛耗散之气并补肺，所以作为佐药；升麻、柴胡性平，能升发之气，所以作为使药，这就是所谓“从阴引阳”的道理。
The *Huangdi Neijing* (Yellow Emperor's Inner Canon) states: When the Liver pulse is small and rapid, epilepsy, convulsions (spasms), and tendon contraction occur. It also states: When the Liver pulse is faint and choppy, it indicates convulsions and tendon contraction.
When the Heart pulse is excessively rapid, it leads to convulsions. When the Spleen pulse is excessively rapid, it also leads to convulsions.
When the meridians of the Taiyang (Greater Yang) channel reach their terminal stage, symptoms include upward staring of the eyes (Daiyan), convulsions, and a pale complexion.
The *Maijing* (Pulse Classic) states: In cases of alternating cold and heat accompanied by convulsions, if the pulse is Dai (intermittent with a regular rhythm) and cut off, it is a fatal condition.
Liu Wansu (Hejian) stated: When essence and fluids are deficient, tendons and vessels fail to receive nourishment and irrigation, leading to traction and stiffness. This applies to conditions caused by the Five Excesses and Seven Injuries, characterized by frequent urination and difficult defecation; these should be treated with Modified Jianzhong Decoction (Jiajian Jianzhong Tang).
He further stated that the Kidneys generate essence and fluids, the Liver governs the tendons, and the Heart governs the vessels. When Kidney essence is abundant, it moistens and nurtures all tendons and nourishes all vessels, resulting in soft and flexible tendons and vessels. Currently, due to the deficiency of essence in the Kidneys, the tendons and vessels are pulled together causing convulsions; treatment should focus on nourishing the Kidneys to moisten them.
A thirteen-year-old boy contracted dampness from playing in water during the dog days of summer. He suffered from mental confusion, lethargy, excessive sleepiness, headache, body heat, and heavy legs and feet. A female physician used harmonizing and dispersing methods too aggressively, causing profuse sweating that soaked through his quilt. The next day, he exhibited symptoms of picking at empty air and searching for clothes. Another physician then administered Chengqi Decoction (Chengqi Tang) to purge the bowels. Subsequently, his speech gradually ceased, his limbs could not be controlled or held, his neck occasionally became stiff, and he experienced hand and foot convulsions, spasms, and contractions. His eyes looked to the left with excessive exposure of the sclera, his lip muscles twitched, his food intake decreased, and his physique became emaciated. This was due to contracting dampness followed by excessive sweating. Furthermore, human Yuan Qi (Original Qi) originates below the umbilicus, and the Moving Qi of the Kidneys circulates throughout the body, traversing the hundred vessels. Now, during the height of summer, excessive sweating led to the loss of Yang Qi, causing sluggish circulation in the hundred vessels. Consequently, the Qi of the Sanjiao (Triple Burner) could not ascend to nourish the Heart vessels, resulting in flourishing Heart Fire and scorched Lung Qi. The loss of Yang Qi resulted in the inability to speak. It is said: Yang Qi, when firm, nourishes the Shen (Spirit); when soft, it nourishes the tendons. It is also said: Those who have lost blood should not be sweated; those who have lost sweat (fluids) should not have their blood depleted. Now, excessive sweating has damaged Qi and Blood, leaving the tendons without nourishment, hence the convulsions and spasms. Treatment should aim to benefit the source of Water and tonify the ascending and generating Qi. Renqi Yiqi Decoction (Renshen Yiqi Tang) should be used. The Classics state: For excess Heat, treat with Sweet-Cold methods and use Sour substances to astringe. Renshen (Ginseng Root), with its Sweet-Warm nature, tonifies deficient Qi and relieves urgent spasms, thus serving as the Sovereign drug. The Kidneys dislike dryness; therefore, one should urgently consume Pungent substances to moisten them. Sheng Gancao (Raw Licorice Root), being slightly Cold, and Huangbai (Phellodendron Bark), being Bitter-Pungent-Cold, rescue Kidney Water and generate fluids, thus serving as the Minister drugs. Danggui (Angelica Sinensis Root), being Pungent-Warm, harmonizes the vessels; Chenpi (Tangerine Peel), being Bitter-Pungent; Baizhu (Atractylodes Macrocephala Rhizome), being Bitter-Sweet; and Zhi Gancao (Honey-fried Licorice Root), being Sweet-Warm, benefit the Spleen and Stomach and promote dietary intake. The Lungs desire astringency; therefore, one should urgently consume Sour substances to gather them. Shaoyao (Peony Root), with its Sour and slightly Cold nature, gathers dissipating Qi and benefits the Lungs, thus serving as the Assistant drug. Shengma (Cimicifuga Rhizome) and Chaihu (Bupleurum Root), being Neutral, promote ascending Qi, thus serving as the Guide drugs. This is what is meant by "drawing Yang from Yin."