昧哉？孔子曰∶可与适道，未可与立，未可与权。是说也，亦在夫人权之而已矣。
治
足太阳膀胱经，头为诸阳之首，故多传变受病为先也。其脉起于目内 ，从头下后项，连风府，行身
之背，终于足之至阴也。其证头疼项强，腰痛骨节痛也。经曰∶太阳头痛脉浮，项背强而恶寒，若发
热汗出恶风，脉浮缓者为伤风；若脉阴阳俱紧，头痛恶寒，呕逆身
疼，或已发热，或未发热者，名曰伤寒。宜发汗，不可辄下之。表邪乘虚内陷，传变不可胜数，又不可利小便。
利之则引热入里，其害不浅。若本病烦热，小便不利者，乃利之，则不为禁也。如小
便自利如常，则不可利也。凡有汗不得再发汗，汗多不得利小便，有汗不可服麻黄，无汗不可服桂枝也。
足阳明胃经，乃两阳合明于前也。一曰府者，居中土也，万物所归也。其脉起于鼻 ，上头额，络于目，
循于面，行身之前，终于足之厉兑也。经曰∶伤寒三日，阳明脉大。又曰∶尺寸俱长者，
阳明受病也。其证头额痛，目痛、鼻干，身热不得卧，乃标病也。若本病，则身热汗出而恶热也。本实则
潮热大便不行也。在标者，当解肌，在本者，宜清热。本实者可下。夫阳明有三∶一曰太阳阳
明，大便难者，小承气汤主之。二曰正阳阳明，胃家实也，大承气汤下之。三曰少阳阳明，胃中燥热，不大
便者，大柴胡汤主之。
足少阳胆经，其脉起于目锐 ，上头角，络耳中，循胸胁，行身之侧，终于足之窍阴也。前有阳明，后有
太阳，居二阳之中，所以半表半里。经曰∶尺寸俱弦，少阳受病也。其证头痛目眩，口苦
耳聋，胸胁满痛也。或心烦喜呕，或胸中烦闷而不呕，或心下病硬，或寒热往来，或发热，寅申时尤盛，或
身微热者，皆少阳也。凡治有三禁，不可汗、下、利小便也。只宜和之，惟小柴胡汤出入
加减，用之神效，凡头角痛，耳中痛，耳中烘烘而鸣，耳之上下前后肿痛，皆少阳所主部分，其火为之也。
若口苦者，少阳之胆热；胁下硬者，少阳之结也。
足太阴脾经，为中宫之坤土也。其脉始于足大指之隐白，上行至腹，络于嗌，连舌本，行身之前也。若
寒邪卒中，直入本经者，一时便发腹痛，或吐或利，宜温之。如四日而发腹满嗌干者，
此传经之邪也，宜和之。若太阳病下之早，因尔腹痛者，此误下之
而传也。凡治太阴证，自利不渴；脉沉细，手足冷，急温之。若脉浮者，可发汗，宜桂枝汤主之。若发热
脉数者，少阳之邪未解，须以小柴胡汤主之。如自利不渴者。脏有寒也，宜理中汤。寒甚加附
子。腹痛呕吐不下食者，宜治中汤。手足冷，脉沉细者，宜四逆汤。若传经邪热内陷腹痛，宜桂枝芍药汤。
足少阴肾经，为人身之根蒂也。其脉始于足涌泉，上行贯脊，循喉，络舌本，散舌下，注心中，行身之前
也。若因欲事肾虚者，寒邪直中之也。其证一、二日便发，故发热脉沉足冷，或恶寒倦
怠，宜温经而散寒也。若五、六日而发，口燥舌干者，此传经之邪热，宜急下之，恐肾水干也。如其脉沉细，
足冷者，又不可下，急温之。脉沉疾有力者，乃可下之。凡少阴饮水小便色白者，下虚有寒，引水自救，非
热也，宜温之。盖夹阴伤寒，多因劳伤肾经所致。有紧有慢，其害甚速，不可以寒凉之药妄投之也。但脉沉足
冷，虽发热者，急宜温肾以扶元气。
足厥阴肝经，厥者，尽也，为六经之尾也。其脉始于足大指之大敦，上环阴器，抵小腹，循胁肋，上唇口，
与督脉会于巅顶，行身前之侧也。若寒邪直中本经，一日便发吐利，少腹痛，寒甚者唇
青、厥冷、囊缩，急宜温之，并着艾灸丹田、气海以温之。若六、七日发烦满囊拳者，此传经热邪，厥深
热亦深也。若脉沉疾有力者，宜急下之。若脉微细者，不可下也。凡伤寒传至厥阴经，则病热极矣。此生死
在于反掌，其可不谨察之也。大抵热深厥亦深，则舌卷囊缩。阴寒冷极，亦见舌卷囊缩，在乎仔细消详，
其冷热之治法，亦微矣。
一调治伤寒之法，先须识证，察得阴阳表里虚实寒热亲切，更审汗、吐、下、温、和解之法治之，庶无
差误。先观两目或赤或黄，次看口舌，有无胎状，后以手按其心胸至小腹有无痛满，再问
其所苦所欲，饮食起居，大小便通利若何，并服过何药，曾经汗下不，务使一一明白，脉证相对，然后用药
无瘥。若有一毫疑惑，
不可强治。故君子不强其所不能。或见利妄动，视人命如蝼蚁，非君子之用心也。慎之！
一看伤寒，先观两目，或赤或黄。赤为阳毒，六脉洪大有力。燥渴者，轻则三黄石膏汤，重则大承气汤。
一看口舌，黄白色者，邪未入腑，属半表半里，宜小柴胡汤和解。舌上黄苔者，胃腑有邪热，宜调胃承
气汤下之。大便燥实，脉沉有力而大渴者，方可下。舌上黑苔生芒刺者；是肾水克心火
也，不治。急用大承气下之。此邪热已极也，劫法用井水浸青布片子，舌上洗净，后以生姜片子浸水，时时刮
之，其苔自退。
一次以手按其心胸至小腹有无痛处。
若按心下硬痛，手不可近，燥渴谵语，大便实，脉沉实有力，为结胸证，急宜大陷胸汤加枳桔下之。量
元气虚实，缓而治之。反加烦躁者死。
若按之心胸虽满闷而不痛，未经下者，非结胸也。乃邪气填塞胸中。尚为在表，只以小柴胡汤加枳桔以
治其闷。如未效，本方对小陷胸，仍加枳桔。
若病患自觉心胸满闷而不痛者，为痞满也，宜泻心汤加枳壳、桔梗。
若按之小腹硬痛，当问其小便通利不。如小水自利，大便黑，兼或身黄，谵语燥渴，脉沉实，则知蓄血
在下焦，宜桃仁承气汤，下尽黑物则愈。
若按之小腹胀满不痛，小便不利，则知津液留结，即溺涩也，宜五苓散加木通山栀子利之。亦不可大
利，恐耗竭津液也。
若按之小腹绕脐硬痛，渴而小水短少，大便实者，有燥粪也，大承气汤下之，劫法治心胸肋下有邪气
结实，满闷硬痛，用生姜一斤，捣渣去汁，炒微燥带润，用绢包于患处，款款熨之。稍可，又
将渣和匀前汁炒干，再熨许久，豁然宽快。一方用韭菜如前法熨之。
一治伤寒，若烦渴欲饮水者，因内水消渴，欲得外水自救。大渴欲饮一升，止可与一碗，宁令不足，不
可太过，若恣饮过量，使水停心下，则为水结胸。若水射于肺，为喘为咳。留于胃，为噎
为哕。溢于皮肤，为肿。蓄于下焦，为癃。渗于肠间，则为利下。皆饮水之过也。又不可不与，又不可强与。
经云∶若还不与非其治，强饮须教别病生，此之谓也。
一治伤寒，若有吐蛔者，虽有大热，忌下凉药，犯之必死。盖胃中有寒，则蛔上膈，大凶之兆，急用炮干
姜理中汤一服，加乌梅二个，川椒十粒，愈服。待蛔定，却以小柴胡汤退热。盖蛔闻酸则静，得苦则安矣。
一治伤寒，若经十余日以上，尚有表证宜汗者，以羌活冲和汤微汗之，十余日，若有里证宜下者，可以
大柴胡汤下之，盖伤寒过经，正气多虚，恐麻黄、承气太峻。误用麻黄，令人亡阳；误用承气，令人不禁。若
表证尚未除，而里证又急，不得不下者，只可用大柴胡汤通表里而缓治之。又老弱及气血两虚之人有下证者，
亦用大柴胡汤下之，不伤元气。如其年壮力盛者，不在此例，从病制宜。
一治伤寒，若先起头痛发热恶寒，以后传里，头痛恶寒悉除，反觉怕热，发渴谵语，或潮热自汗，大
便不通，或揭去衣被，扬手掷足，或发黄狂乱，或身如涂彩，脉沉有力，此为阳经自表传入阴
经之热证，俱当攻里之药下之。设或当下失下，而变出手足乍冷乍温者，因阳极发热，即阳证似阴，名曰阳厥。
外虽厥冷，内有热邪，三一承气汤下之。又有失于汗下，或本阳证，误投热药，使热毒入
深，阳气独盛，阴气暴绝，登高而歌，弃衣而走，骂詈叫喊，燥渴欲死，面赤眼红，身发斑黄，或下利纯青
水，或下利黄赤，六脉洪大，名阳毒证。轻则消斑青黛饮，重则三黄石膏汤去麻黄、豆豉、
加大黄芒硝下之，令阴气复而大汗解矣。
一初病起，无头疼，无身热，便就恶寒，四肢厥冷，腹痛吐泻，引衣蜷卧不渴，或战栗面如刀刮，口吐
涎沫，脉沉细无力，此为寒邪直中阴经，即真阴证。不从阳经传来，当用热药温之，如寒极手
足厥冷过肘膝者，因寒极发厥，谓之阴厥，宜四逆汤温之，凡腹满腹痛，皆是阴证，只有微甚不同，难以一概
施治。腹痛不大便，桂枝芍药汤；腹痛甚者，桂枝大黄汤；若自利腹满，小便清白，当温
之，理中四逆，看微甚用，轻者五积散；重者四逆汤。又有初病起，外感寒邪，内伤生冷，内既伏阴，内外
皆寒。或本真阴，误投凉药，使阴气独盛，阳气暴绝，以致病起。手足厥冷，腰背强重，头疼目痛，呕吐烦
闷，身如被杖，六脉沉细，汤饮不下。以后毒瓦斯渐深，入腹攻心，咽喉不利，腹痛转深，心下胀满，结硬如
石，燥渴欲死，冷汗不止。或时郑声，指甲面色青黑，此名阴毒。速灸关元、气海二三十壮。或葱熨脐中，
内服回阳救急汤，令阳气复而大汗解矣。
一看伤寒有口沃白沫，或睡多流冷涎，俱是有寒。吴茱萸汤、理中、真武汤之类，看轻重用，切忌凉
药。或用甘温补元气，四君子汤加附子。血虚用仲景八味丸，此条杂病亦然。
一伤寒头痛发热，恶寒微渴， 然汗出，身作痛，脚腿酸疼，无力沉倦，脉空浮无力，名曰劳力感寒。不可误
作正伤寒，大发其汗。故经云∶劳者温之。温能除大热，此之谓也，补中益气汤主之；有下证者，大柴胡汤主之。
一伤寒头痛发热，口干，口鼻血出，腹胀，午后昏沉，声哑耳
聋，胁痛，俗云血汗病也，犀角地黄汤合小柴胡汤。血盛加茅根、韭汁，汗出如雨随瘥。
一伤寒吐血不止，用韭汁磨京墨，其血见黑必止。如无韭之时，用鸡子清亦可，正谓赤属火而黑属水也。
一伤寒发黄，用生姜渣时时周身擦之，其黄自退。
一伤寒热邪传里，服转药后，用盐炒麸皮一升，将绢包于病患腹上，款款熨之，使药气得热则行，大便易通矣。
一伤寒发狂奔走，人难制伏，宜于病患卧室生火一盆，将好醋一大碗浇于火上，令病患闻之，即安。
一伤寒鼻衄不止，用水纸搭于顶门，再将山栀炒黑，为细末，吹入鼻内，其红即止。其成流久不止者，
方可用此法。如点滴不成流者，其邪在经未除，不必用此法。
一伤寒痰症，拥结胸中，用皂荚末、半夏末，生矾末，入麝少许，用姜水汁调服，其痰立吐。轻者用贝
母、皂荚、麝香、姜汁吐之。杂病吐之亦可。
一伤寒腹皮外痛，用炒麸皮布包，款款烙之，痛止。其自汗不止，亦用此法。如再不止，方可用温粉扑法。
方
十神汤
治时令不正，温疫妄行，感冒发热恶寒，头痛身疼，咳嗽喘急。阴阳两感伤寒，并能调治。
川芎 甘草 麻黄 紫苏 白芷 升麻 陈皮 赤芍药 干葛
上锉，每服一两，生姜煎热服。欲汗，以被覆之。如发热头痛，加葱白。潮热，加黄芩、麦门冬。咳喘，
加桔梗、桑白皮、半夏。心胸胀满，加枳实、半夏、枳壳。饮食不进，加炒仁、白
豆蔻。呕逆，加丁香、草果。鼻衄不止，加乌梅、干葛。冷气痛，加玄胡索、良姜。大便闭，加大黄、芒硝。
痢，加枳壳、当归。泄泻，加木通、滑石、肉豆蔻。
人参败毒散〔批〕（按此方治四时感冒，辛平发散之剂）
治伤寒头痛，壮热恶风，及风痰咳嗽，鼻塞声重。四时温疫热毒，头面肿痛，痢疾发热，诸般疮毒。
柴胡 甘草 桔梗 人参 羌活 独活 川芎 茯苓 枳壳 前胡
上锉，每服一两，生姜、薄荷煎服，咳嗽，加半夏。热毒，加黄连、黄芩、黄柏、山栀。风热，加荆
芥、防风名荆防败毒散；消风散和合，名消风败毒散。酒毒，加干葛、黄连。疮毒，
加金银花、连翘，去人参名连翘败毒散。
双解散〔批〕（按此方治内外两感，发表攻里之剂）
治风寒暑湿，饥饱劳役，内外诸邪所伤。以致气血怫郁，变成积热，发为汗病、杂病、非此不除。但觉
不快，便可用此通解。小儿疮疹，用此解去尤快。其大黄、芒硝、麻黄三味，对证旋入。自
利去大黄、芒硝，自汗去麻黄。（即防风通圣散、益元散和合）
羌活冲和汤〔批〕（按此方治太阳膀胱经，辛凉发散之剂）
治春、夏、秋非时感冒暴寒，恶寒头痛，发热无汗，腰脊项强，脉浮而紧。此足太阳膀胱经受邪，是
表证，宜发散，不与冬时正伤寒同治法。此法非独治三时暴寒。春可治温，夏可治热，秋可治
湿。治杂证，亦有神也。可代麻黄桂枝汤，青龙各半等汤，乃太阳经神药也，又名神解散。
羌活（三钱，治太阳肢节痛，大无不通，小无不入，乃拨乱反正之主也）
防风（一钱五分，治一身尽痛，听君将命令而行，随所使引而至）
苍术（一钱，米泔制，雄壮，上行之气能除湿气，下安太阴，使邪气不传脾经）
太糊涂了吗？孔子说：“可以同他一道去追求道，但未必能同他一道去坚守；未必能同他一道去通权达变。”这个说法，也在于人能否善于权衡变通罢了。
治疗：
足太阳膀胱经，头部是诸阳经汇聚之首，所以容易先发生传变而受病。它的经脉起于目内眦，从头下行至后项，连接风府穴，沿背部下行，终于足小趾外侧的至阴穴。它的证候表现为头痛、项部僵硬、腰痛、骨节疼痛。医经说：“太阳病头痛脉浮，项背强直且恶寒；如果发热、汗出、恶风，脉象浮缓的，称为伤风；如果脉象阴阳两部都紧，头痛恶寒，呕吐逆气，身体疼痛，或者已经发热，或者尚未发热的，称为伤寒。”适宜用发汗法治疗，不可轻易使用攻下法。表邪乘虚内陷体内，传变情况不可胜数，也不可使用利小便的方法。利小便会使热邪引入体内，危害不浅。如果原本病症烦热，小便不利，才可以使用利小便法，这就不在禁忌之列了。如果小便像平常一样通畅，则不可利小便。凡是有汗出的，不得再次发汗；汗出过多的，不得利小便；有汗出的，不可服用麻黄；无汗出的，不可服用桂枝。
足阳明胃经，是两阳合明于身前的经络。一说“腑”者，居于中土，是万物归聚之处。它的经脉起于鼻旁，上行至头额，联络眼部，循行于面部，沿身前下行，终于足第二趾外侧的厉兑穴。医经说：“伤寒三天，阳明脉大。”又说：“寸关尺三部脉都长的，是阳明经受病。”它的证候表现为额头痛、眼痛、鼻干、身热不能安卧，这是标病（表象）。如果是本病（本质），则是身热、汗出、恶热。如果是本实（里实），则是潮热、大便不通。在标的，应当解肌；在本的，宜清热。本实的可以用下法。阳明经有三种情况：一是太阳阳明，大便困难的，用小承气汤主治。二是正阳阳明，胃家实热，用大承气汤攻下。三是少阳阳明，胃中燥热，大便不通的，用大柴胡汤主治。
足少阳胆经，它的经脉起于目外眦，上行至头角，联络耳中，循行于胸胁，沿身侧下行，终于足第四趾外侧的窍阴穴。前有阳明，后有太阳，处于两阳之间，所以属于半表半里。医经说：“寸关尺三部脉都弦的，是少阳经受病。”它的证候表现为头痛、目眩、口苦、耳聋、胸胁满痛。或者心烦喜呕，或者胸中烦闷但不呕吐，或者心下痞硬，或者寒热往来，或者发热，在寅时和申时尤其严重，或者身体微热的，都属于少阳病。凡是治疗少阳病有三禁，不可发汗、攻下、利小便。只宜和解，只有小柴胡汤加减运用，效果神奇。凡是头角痛、耳中痛、耳中轰鸣作响、耳部上下前后肿痛，都是少阳经所主的部位，是由火邪引起的。如果口苦，是少阳胆热；胁下硬满，是少阳气结。
足太阴脾经，是中宫的坤土。它的经脉始于足大趾内侧的隐白穴，上行至腹部，联络咽喉，连舌根，沿身前运行。如果寒邪突然中伤，直接侵入本经，一时就会发作腹痛，或者呕吐或者腹泻，适宜温补。如第四天发作腹满咽干的，这是传经之邪，适宜和解。如果太阳病过早攻下，因此导致腹痛的，这是误下导致邪气传入。凡是治疗太阴证，自利不渴，脉沉细，手足冷，急需温补。如果脉浮，可以发汗，适宜用桂枝汤主治。如果发热脉数，是少阳之邪未解，须用小柴胡汤主治。如果是自利不渴，是脏寒，适宜用理中汤。寒甚加附子。腹痛呕吐不能进食的，适宜用治中汤。手足冷，脉沉细的，适宜用四逆汤。如果是传经邪热内陷导致腹痛，适宜用桂枝芍药汤。
足少阴肾经，是人身的根本。它的经脉始于足底的涌泉穴，上行贯穿脊柱，循喉咙，联络舌根，散布舌下，注入心中，沿身前运行。如果因房事导致肾虚，是寒邪直中。它的证候一两天就发作，所以发热脉沉足冷，或者恶寒倦怠，适宜温经散寒。如果五六天发作，口燥舌干的，这是传经的热邪，适宜急下，恐怕肾水枯竭。如果脉沉细，足冷，又不可攻下，急需温补。脉沉疾有力的，才可以攻下。凡是少阴病饮水，小便色白的，是下焦虚寒，引水自救，不是热证，适宜温补。大概夹阴伤寒，多因劳损伤肾经所致。脉象有紧有慢，危害很快，不可妄投寒凉药物。只要脉沉足冷，即使发热，也急需温肾以扶助元气。
足厥阴肝经，“厥”意为尽，是六经的末尾。它的经脉始于足大趾外侧的大敦穴，环绕生殖器，抵小腹，循胁肋，上至唇口，与督脉会于头顶，沿身前侧面运行。如果寒邪直中本经，一天就发作吐利，少腹痛，寒严重的嘴唇青紫、四肢厥冷、睾丸收缩，急需温补，并艾灸丹田、气海穴以温之。如果六七天发作烦满、睾丸上缩，这是传经的热邪，厥深热亦深。如果脉沉疾有力，适宜急下。如果脉微细，不可攻下。凡是伤寒传至厥阴经，病情就热极了。这生死就在反掌之间，怎能不仔细察辨呢？大体上热深厥亦深，就会出现舌卷、睾丸上缩。阴寒冷极，也会出现舌卷、睾丸上缩，关键在于仔细分辨，其冷热治疗方法，差异细微。
一般调理伤寒的方法，必须先识别证候，查得阴阳表里虚实寒热清楚确切，再审察汗、吐、下、温、和解等法治之，才没有差错。先看两眼，或红或黄；次看口舌，有无苔状物；后用手按压心胸至小腹，有无痛满；再问病人的痛苦和欲望，饮食起居，大小便通利情况，以及服过什么药，曾经发汗或攻下过没有，务必使每一项都明白，脉证相符，然后用药就不会出错。如果有一毫疑惑，不可强行治疗。所以君子不强人所难。或者见到利益就妄动，视人命如蝼蚁，这不是君子的用心。谨慎啊！
一看伤寒，先看两眼，或红或黄。红色为阳毒，六脉洪大有力。燥渴的，轻则用三黄石膏汤，重则用大承气汤。
一看口舌，黄白色的，邪气未入腑，属半表半里，适宜用小柴胡汤和解。舌上有黄苔的，胃腑有邪热，适宜用调胃承气汤攻下。大便燥实，脉沉有力且大渴的，才可以攻下。舌上有黑苔生芒刺的，是肾水克心火，不治。急用大承气汤攻下。这是邪热已极。用劫法，用井水浸湿青布片，洗净舌面，然后用生姜片浸水，时时刮拭，舌苔自然退去。
一次用手按压心胸至小腹有无痛处。
如果按压心下硬痛，手不可接近，燥渴谵语，大便实，脉沉实有力，为结胸证，急宜用大陷胸汤加枳壳、桔梗攻下。根据元气虚实，缓慢治疗。反而加重烦躁的死亡。
如果按压心胸虽满闷但不痛，未经攻下的，不是结胸。是邪气填塞胸中。尚在表，只用小柴胡汤加枳壳、桔梗治疗胸闷。如果无效，本方合用小陷胸汤，仍加枳壳、桔梗。
如果病人自觉心胸满闷但不痛，为痞满，适宜用泻心汤加枳壳、桔梗。
如果按压小腹硬痛，当问其小便通利否。如果小便自利，大便黑，兼或身黄，谵语燥渴，脉沉实，则知蓄血在下焦，适宜用桃仁承气汤，下尽黑物则愈。
如果按压小腹胀满不痛，小便不利，则知津液留结，即溺涩，适宜用五苓散加木通、山栀子利之。也不可大利，恐怕耗竭津液。
如果按压小腹绕脐硬痛，渴而小便短少，大便实，有燥粪，用大承气汤攻下。用劫法治心胸肋下有邪气结实，满闷硬痛，用生姜一斤，捣渣去汁，炒微燥带润，用绢包敷患处，慢慢熨烫。稍好，又将渣和前汁拌匀炒干，再熨许久，豁然宽快。一方用韭菜按前法熨烫。
一般治疗伤寒，如果烦渴想喝水，是因为内水消渴，想用外水自救。大渴想喝一升，只给一碗，宁可不足，不可太过。如果恣意过量饮水，使水停心下，则为水结胸。如果水射于肺，为喘为咳。留于胃，为噎为哕。溢于皮肤，为肿。蓄于下焦，为癃。渗于肠间，则为利下。这都是饮水过度的过错。但又不可不给，也不可强给。医经说：“如果不该给而给，是不对的；强饮必须教人产生别的病。”说的就是这个道理。
一般治疗伤寒，如果有吐蛔虫的，虽然有大热，忌用凉药，犯之必死。因为胃中有寒，则蛔虫上膈，是大凶之兆，急用炮干姜理中汤一服，加乌梅二个，川椒十粒，服后痊愈。待蛔虫安定，再用小柴胡汤退热。大概蛔虫闻酸则静，得苦则安。
一般治疗伤寒，如果经过十余日以上，还有表证宜发汗的，用羌活冲和汤微汗之。十余日，如果有里证宜攻下的，可以用大柴胡汤攻下。大概伤寒过经，正气多虚，恐怕麻黄、承气汤太峻猛。误用麻黄，令人亡阳；误用承气，令人不禁。如果表证尚未除，而里证又急，不得不攻下的，只可用大柴胡汤通表里而缓治之。又有老弱及气血两虚之人有下证的，也用大柴胡汤攻下，不伤元气。如果年壮力盛的，不在此例，从病制宜。
一般治疗伤寒，如果先起头痛发热恶寒，以后传里，头痛恶寒全除，反觉怕热，发渴谵语，或潮热自汗，大便不通，或揭去衣被，扬手掷足，或发黄狂乱，或身如涂彩，脉沉有力，此为阳经自表传入阴经的热证，都应当用攻里的药攻下。假如当下失下，而变出手足乍冷乍温的，因阳极发热，即阳证似阴，名叫阳厥。外虽厥冷，内有热邪，用三一承气汤攻下。又有失于汗下，或本是阳证，误投热药，使热毒入深，阳气独盛，阴气暴绝，登高而歌，弃衣而走，骂詈叫喊，燥渴欲死，面赤眼红，身发斑黄，或下利纯青水，或下利黄赤，六脉洪大，名叫阳毒证。轻则用消斑青黛饮，重则用三黄石膏汤去麻黄、豆豉、加大黄芒硝攻下，令阴气复而大汗解。
一般初病起，无头疼，无身热，便就恶寒，四肢厥冷，腹痛吐泻，引衣蜷卧不渴，或战栗面如刀刮，口吐涎沫，脉沉细无力，此为寒邪直中阴经，即真阴证。不从阳经传来，当用热药温之。如寒极手足厥冷过肘膝的，因寒极发厥，谓之阴厥，宜用四逆汤温之。凡是腹满腹痛，皆是阴证，只有轻重不同，难以一概施治。腹痛不大便，用桂枝芍药汤；腹痛甚的用桂枝大黄汤；如果自利腹满，小便清白，当温之，理中四逆，看轻重用，轻者五积散；重者四逆汤。又有初病起，外感寒邪，内伤生冷，内既伏阴，内外皆寒。或本是真阴，误投凉药，使阴气独盛，阳气暴绝，以致病起。手足厥冷，腰背强重，头疼目痛，呕吐烦闷，身如被杖，六脉沉细，汤饮不下。以后毒瓦斯渐深，入腹攻心，咽喉不利，腹痛转深，心下胀满，结硬如石，燥渴欲死，冷汗不止。或时郑声，指甲面色青黑，此名阴毒。速灸关元、气海二三十壮。或用葱熨脐中，内服回阳救急汤，令阳气复而大汗解。
一看伤寒有口沃白沫，或睡多流冷涎，都是有寒。吴茱萸汤、理中汤、真武汤之类，看轻重用，切忌凉药。或用甘温补元气，四君子汤加附子。血虚用仲景八味丸，此条杂病亦然。
一般伤寒头痛发热，恶寒微渴，淅然汗出，身作痛，脚腿酸疼，无力沉倦，脉空浮无力，名叫劳力感寒。不可误作正伤寒，大发其汗。所以医经说：“劳者温之。”温能除大热，说的就是这个意思，用补中益气汤主治；有下证的，用大柴胡汤主治。
一般伤寒头痛发热，口干，口鼻出血，腹胀，午后昏沉，声哑耳聋，胁痛，俗云血汗病，用犀角地黄汤合小柴胡汤。血盛加茅根、韭汁，汗出如雨随即痊愈。
一般伤寒吐血不止，用韭汁磨京墨，其血见黑必止。如无韭的时候，用鸡子清也可以，正谓赤属火而黑属水。
一般伤寒热邪传里，服转药后，用盐炒麸皮一升，将绢包于病患腹上，慢慢熨烫，使药气得热则行，大便易通。
一般伤寒发狂奔走，人难制伏，宜于病患卧室生火一盆，将好醋一大碗浇于火上，令病患闻之，即安。
一般伤寒鼻衄不止，用水纸搭于顶门，再将山栀炒黑，为细末，吹入鼻内，其红即止。其成流久不止的，方可用此法。如点滴不成流的，其邪在经未除，不必用此法。
一般伤寒痰症，拥结胸中，用皂荚末、半夏末，生矾末，入麝少许，用姜水汁调服，其痰立吐。轻的用贝母、皂荚、麝香、姜汁吐之。杂病吐之亦可。
一般伤寒腹皮外痛，用炒麸皮布包，慢慢烙之，痛止。其自汗不止，也用此法。如再不止，方可用温粉扑法。
方剂：
十神汤
治疗时令不正，温疫妄行，感冒发热恶寒，头痛身疼，咳嗽喘急。阴阳两感伤寒，都能调治。
川芎、甘草、麻黄、紫苏、白芷、升麻、陈皮、赤芍药、干葛
以上锉碎，每服一两，生姜煎热服。想要出汗，用被子覆盖。如果发热头痛，加葱白。潮热，加黄芩、麦门冬。咳喘，加桔梗、桑白皮、半夏。心胸胀满，加枳实、半夏、枳壳。饮食不进，加炒仁、白豆蔻。呕逆，加丁香、草果。鼻衄不止，加乌梅、干葛。冷气痛，加玄胡索、良姜。大便闭，加大黄、芒硝。痢疾，加枳壳、当归。泄泻，加木通、滑石、肉豆蔻。
人参败毒散〔批〕（按此方治四时感冒，辛平发散之剂）
治疗伤寒头痛，壮热恶风，及风痰咳嗽，鼻塞声重。四时温疫热毒，头面肿痛，痢疾发热，诸般疮毒。
柴胡、甘草、桔梗、人参、羌活、独活、川芎、茯苓、枳壳、前胡
以上锉碎，每服一两，生姜、薄荷煎服。咳嗽，加半夏。热毒，加黄连、黄芩、黄柏、山栀。风热，加荆芥、防风名荆防败毒散；消风散和合，名消风败毒散。酒毒，加干葛、黄连。疮毒，加金银花、连翘，去人参名连翘败毒散。
双解散〔批〕（按此方治内外两感，发表攻里之剂）
治疗风寒暑湿，饥饱劳役，内外诸邪所伤。以致气血怫郁，变成积热，发为汗病、杂病，非此不除。但觉不快，便可用此通解。小儿疮疹，用此解去尤快。其大黄、芒硝、麻黄三味，对证旋入。自利去大黄、芒硝，自汗去麻黄。（即防风通圣散、益元散和合）
羌活冲和汤〔批〕（按此方治太阳膀胱经，辛凉发散之剂）
治疗春、夏、秋非时感冒暴寒，恶寒头痛，发热无汗，腰脊项强，脉浮而紧。这是足太阳膀胱经受邪，是表证，宜发散，不与冬时正伤寒同治法。此法非独治三时暴寒。春可治温，夏可治热，秋可治湿。治杂证，亦有神效。可代麻黄桂枝汤、青龙各半等汤，乃太阳经神药也，又名神解散。
羌活（三钱，治太阳肢节痛，大无不通，小无不入，乃拨乱反正之主也）
防风（一钱五分，治一身尽痛，听君将命令而行，随所使引而至）
苍术（一钱，米泔制，雄壮，上行之气能除湿气，下安太阴，使邪气不传脾经）
Confused? Confucius said, "One may be led to follow the Way, but not necessarily to uphold it; one may be led to uphold it, but not necessarily to adapt to circumstances." This statement also lies in whether a person can properly weigh and adapt.
Treatment:
The Foot-Taiyang Bladder Meridian: The head is the summit of all Yang meridians, so it is prone to being affected first and undergoing transmission. Its meridian originates from the inner canthus of the eye, descends from the head to the posterior neck, connects with Fengfu (GV16), runs along the back, and ends at Zhiyin (BL67) on the little toe. Its manifestations include headache, stiffness of the neck and nape, lower back pain, and pain in the bone joints. The Classics state: "Taiyang disease presents with headache, floating pulse, stiffness of the neck and back, and aversion to cold. If accompanied by fever, sweating, and aversion to wind, with a floating and moderate pulse, it is Wind Strike; if the pulses at both cun and chi positions are tight, accompanied by headache, aversion to cold, vomiting, and body pain, whether fever has already appeared or not, it is termed Cold Damage." Sweating therapy is appropriate; purgation should not be used rashly. Exterior pathogens sinking inward due to deficiency lead to countless variations of transmission, and diuresis should not be employed. Diuresis draws heat inward, causing significant harm. However, if the original condition involves irritability, heat, and difficulty urinating, diuresis is permissible. If urination is normal, diuresis is contraindicated. Generally, those with sweating should not undergo further sweating; those with excessive sweating should not undergo diuresis; those with sweating should not take Ephedrae Herba (Mahuang); those without sweating should not take Cinnamon Twig Decoction (Guizhi Tang).
The Foot-Yangming Stomach Meridian: It is where two Yangs combine and brighten at the front. Some say "Fu" organs reside in Central Earth, the gathering place of all things. Its meridian originates beside the nose, ascends to the forehead, links with the eyes, follows the face, runs along the anterior trunk, and ends at Lidui (ST45) on the second toe. The Classics state: "Three days after Cold Damage, the Yangming pulse is large." It also states: "If the pulses at cun, guan, and chi positions are all long, Yangming is affected." Manifestations include forehead pain, eye pain, dry nose, fever, and inability to lie down, which are superficial symptoms (Biao). For root symptoms (Ben), there is fever, sweating, and aversion to heat. For root excess, there is tidal fever and constipation. For superficial conditions, muscle-releasing therapy is indicated; for root conditions, clearing heat is appropriate. Root excess can be treated with purgation. There are three types of Yangming: 1. Taiyang-Yangming, characterized by difficult defecation, treated primarily with Minor Chengqi Decoction (Xiao Chengqi Tang). 2. Zhengyang-Yangming, characterized by fullness and excess in the stomach and intestines, treated with Major Chengqi Decoction (Da Chengqi Tang). 3. Shaoyang-Yangming, characterized by dryness and heat in the stomach with constipation, treated primarily with Major Bupleurum Decoction (Da Chaihu Tang).
The Foot-Shaoyang Gallbladder Meridian: Its meridian originates from the outer canthus, ascends to the temporal angle, links with the middle ear, follows the chest and hypochondrium, runs along the lateral side of the body, and ends at Qiaoyin (GB44) on the fourth toe. With Yangming in front and Taiyang behind, it resides between the two Yangs, thus belonging to the Half-Exterior and Half-Interior. The Classics state: "If the pulses at cun and chi positions are wiry, Shaoyang is affected." Manifestations include headache, vertigo, bitter taste in the mouth, deafness, and fullness/pain in the chest and hypochondrium. Other symptoms may include irritability and frequent retching, or chest oppression without retching, epigastric hardness, alternating chills and fever, fever (especially severe at Yin and Shen hours), or slight body heat. All belong to Shaoyang disease. Treatment of Shaoyang has three prohibitions: no sweating, no purgation, and no diuresis. Harmonization is appropriate; only Minor Bupleurum Decoction (Xiao Chaihu Tang) with modifications yields miraculous results. Head/temple pain, ear pain, roaring tinnitus, and swelling/pain around the ears are all governed by the Shaoyang meridian and caused by Fire pathogen. Bitter taste indicates Shaoyang Gallbladder Heat; hardness under the ribs indicates Shaoyang Qi stagnation.
The Foot-Taiyin Spleen Meridian: It is the Kun Earth of the Central Palace. Its meridian begins at Yinbai (SP1) on the big toe, ascends to the abdomen, links with the pharynx, connects to the root of the tongue, and runs along the anterior trunk. If Cold pathogen strikes suddenly and enters the meridian directly, abdominal pain occurs immediately, possibly with vomiting or diarrhea, requiring warming. If abdominal fullness and dry throat appear on the fourth day, this is transmitted pathogen, requiring harmonization. If Taiyang disease was purged too early, causing abdominal pain, this is transmission due to mistaken purgation. For Taiyin syndrome, spontaneous diarrhea without thirst, deep/thin pulse, and cold extremities require urgent warming. If the pulse is floating, sweating is possible, using Guizhi Tang. If fever and rapid pulse indicate unresolved Shaoyang pathogen, Xiao Chaihu Tang is used. Spontaneous diarrhea without thirst indicates internal cold, treated with Lizhong Tang; add Aconite Root (Fuzi) for severe cold. Abdominal pain, vomiting, and inability to eat are treated with Zhizhong Tang. Cold extremities and deep/thin pulse require Sini Tang. Transmitted heat sinking inward causing abdominal pain is treated with Guizhi Shaoyao Tang.
The Foot-Shaoyin Kidney Meridian: It is the root of the human body. Its meridian begins at Yongquan (KI1) on the sole, ascends through the spine, follows the throat, links the root of the tongue, spreads under the tongue, injects into the heart, and runs along the anterior trunk. If kidney deficiency results from sexual activity, it is direct invasion by Cold pathogen. Symptoms appear within one or two days: fever, deep pulse, cold feet, aversion to cold, and fatigue, requiring warming the meridian and dispersing cold. If appearing on days five or six with dry mouth and tongue, this is transmitted heat, requiring urgent purgation to prevent depletion of Kidney Water. If the pulse is deep/thin and feet are cold, purgation is contraindicated; urgent warming is needed. If the pulse is deep, rapid, and forceful, purgation is allowed. Drinking water with white urine in Shaoyin disease indicates lower jiao deficiency-cold, drawing water for self-rescue, not heat; warming is appropriate. Jia Yin Cold Damage often results from labor injuring the Kidney meridian. Pulses may be tight or slow; harm is rapid. Do not recklessly use cold-cooling medicines. If the pulse is deep and feet are cold, even with fever, urgently warm the Kidney to support Yuan Qi.
The Foot-Jueyin Liver Meridian: "Jue" means end; it is the tail of the Six Meridians. Its meridian begins at Dazhun (LR1) on the big toe, circles the genitalia, reaches the lower abdomen, follows the costal region, ascends to the lips/mouth, meets the Du Meridian at the vertex, and runs along the lateral anterior trunk. Direct Cold invasion causes vomiting/diarrhea and lower abdominal pain within one day. Severe cold causes cyanotic lips, cold limbs, and retracted testicles; urgent warming and moxibustion at Shendian (CV8) and Qihai (CV6) are required. Irritation/fullness and retracted testicles appearing on days six or seven indicate transmitted heat ("deep Jue means deep heat"). Deep/rapid/forceful pulse requires urgent purgation; micro/thin pulse prohibits it. Transmission to Jueyin indicates extreme heat; life and death hang in the balance. Careful differentiation is essential. Generally, deep heat causes deep Jue, leading to curled tongue and retracted testicles. Extreme Yin cold also causes these signs. Differentiation of cold vs. heat is subtle.
General regulation of Cold Damage: First, identify the syndrome, clearly distinguishing Yin/Yang, Exterior/Interior, Deficiency/Excess, and Cold/Heat. Then apply sweating, emesis, purgation, warming, or harmonizing therapies accordingly to avoid errors. Observe eyes (red/yellow), check tongue coating, palpate chest/abdomen for pain/fullness, ask about suffering/desires, diet/sleep, bowel/bladder function, previous medications, and history of sweating/purgation. Ensure pulse and symptoms match before prescribing. If any doubt exists, do not treat forcibly. Gentlemen do not force what cannot be done. Acting for profit while disregarding life is ungentlemanly. Be cautious!
Observation 1: Eyes. Red indicates Yang Toxin with forceful, flooding pulses. Dryness/thirst: mild cases use Sanhuang Shigao Tang; severe cases use Da Chengqi Tang.
Observation 2: Tongue/Mouth. Yellow-white coating indicates pathogen not yet in Fu organs, half-exterior/half-interior; treat with Xiao Chaihu Tang. Yellow coating indicates Stomach Fu heat; treat with Tiaowei Chengqi Tang. Dry stool, deep/forceful/large pulse, and great thirst allow purgation. Black coating with prickles indicates Kidney Water overcoming Heart Fire; untreatable. Urgently use Da Chengqi Tang. This is extreme heat. Use "Jie" method: wash tongue with well-water-soaked green cloth, then scrape with water-soaked ginger slices until coating recedes.
Palpation: Check chest/abdomen for pain.
Epigastric hardness/pain, intolerance to touch, dryness/thirst, delirium, solid stool, deep/forceful pulse indicate Jie Xiong (Chest Binding); urgently use Daxianxiong Tang plus Zhike and Jiegeng. Treat gently based on Yuan Qi status. Aggravated restlessness indicates death.
Chest fullness without pain, untreated, is not Jie Xiong but pathogen blocking the chest, still exterior; use Xiao Chaihu Tang plus Zhike and Jiegeng. If ineffective, combine with Xiaoxianxiong Tang plus Zhike and Jiegeng.
Patient-perceived chest fullness without pain is Pi Man (Stagnant Fullness); use Xiexin Tang plus Zhike and Jiegeng.
Lower abdominal hardness/pain: Ask about urination. Clear urine, black stool, jaundice, delirium, dryness/thirst, deep/forceful pulse indicate Blood Stasis in Lower Jiao; use Taoren Chengqi Tang until black material passes.
Lower abdominal distension without pain, difficulty urinating, indicates fluid retention; use Wuling San plus Mutong and Shanzhizi. Do not over-diurese to avoid depleting fluids.
Periumbilical hardness/pain, thirst, scanty urine, solid stool indicate dry feces; use Da Chengqi Tang. For stubborn pathogen binding in chest/flanks causing fullness/pain, use 1 jin fresh ginger, crushed, juice removed, stir-fried until slightly dry but moist, wrapped in silk, and ironed over the area. Repeat with reheated residue mixed with juice until relief. Alternatively, use leeks similarly.
Therapy 1: Thirst. Irritability/thirst indicates internal fluid depletion seeking external water. If desiring one sheng, give only one bowl. Better insufficient than excessive. Excessive drinking causes Water Jie Xiong (fluid in heart), asthma/cough (fluid in lung), choking/hiccups (fluid in stomach), edema (fluid in skin), strangury (fluid in lower jiao), or diarrhea (fluid in intestines). These are faults of drinking. Do not withhold water, but do not force it. As stated: "Giving when inappropriate is wrong; forcing drinking creates new diseases."
Therapy 2: Vomiting roundworms. Despite high heat, avoid cold medicines; doing so is fatal. Cold in stomach causes worms to ascend, a dire sign. Urgently use Pao Ganjiang Lizhong Tang with two Wu Mei and ten Chuanjiao. After worms settle, use Xiao Chaihu Tang to reduce heat. Worms calm with sourness and find peace with bitterness.
Therapy 3: Duration >10 days. If exterior syndrome persists, use Qianghuo Chonghe Tang for mild sweating. If interior syndrome requires purgation after 10 days, use Da Chaihu Tang. Pathogens lingering deplete Zheng Qi; Mahuang and Chengqi decoctions are too harsh. Misuse of Mahuang causes loss of Yang; misuse of Chengqi causes uncontrollable purgation. If exterior remains but interior urgency demands purgation, use Da Chaihu Tang to harmonize exterior/interior gently. Elderly/weak/Qi-Blood deficient patients with purgation indications also use Da Chaihu Tang to spare Yuan Qi. Robust young patients follow standard protocols.
Therapy 4: Transmission to Interior. Initial headache/fever/aversion to cold transitions to interior: aversion to cold disappears, replaced by heat intolerance, thirst, delirium, tidal fever, spontaneous sweating, constipation, restlessness, yellowing, mania, painted appearance, deep/forceful pulse. This is Yang channel heat transmitting to Yin channels; treat with interior-purgative drugs. If purgation is missed and limbs alternate cold/warm, it is Yang Jue (Yang Reversal): exterior cold, interior heat; use Sanyi Chengqi Tang. If sweating/purgation were missed, or Yang syndrome was mistakenly treated with hot medicines, causing deep heat toxin, solitary Yang flourishing, and sudden Yin extinction, symptoms include singing/climbing, discarding clothes, cursing, extreme thirst, red face/eyes, macules/yellowing, pure green diarrhea, or yellow-red diarrhea, with flooding pulses. This is Yang Du (Yang Toxin). Mild cases: Xiaoban Qingdai Yin; severe cases: Sanhuang Shigao Tang minus Mahuang/Douchi, plus Dahuang/Mangxiao to purge, restoring Yin and resolving with sweat.
Therapy 5: Initial Yin Syndrome. No headache/fever, immediate aversion to cold, cold limbs, abdominal pain/vomiting/diarrhea, curling up, no thirst, trembling/scraped-face appearance, salivation, deep/thin/weak pulse. This is Cold directly invading Yin channels (True Yin Syndrome), not from Yang transmission. Use hot medicines to warm. If cold is extreme with limbs cold past elbows/knees, it is Yin Jue; use Sini Tang. Abdominal fullness/pain are Yin syndromes, varying in severity. Abdominal pain with constipation: Guizhi Shaoyao Tang; severe pain: Guizhi Dahuang Tang. Spontaneous diarrhea with fullness and clear urine: warm with Lizhong/Sini Tang based on severity; mild: Wuji San; severe: Sini Tang. External Cold + Internal Raw/Cold damage leads to internal Yin伏 (hidden) and exterior/interior cold. Mistaken cold medicine use in True Yin causes solitary Yin flourishing and Yang extinction. Symptoms: cold limbs, stiff back/waist, headache/eye pain, vomiting/irritation, body feeling like beaten, deep/thin pulses, inability to swallow. Later, toxin deepens, attacking heart: throat obstruction, deepening abdominal pain, epigastric fullness/hardness, extreme thirst, cold sweat, muttering, cyanotic nails/face. This is Yin Du. Urgently moxa Guanyuan (CV4) and Qihai (CV6) 20-30 moxa cones. Or onion-iron umbilicus. Internally use Huiyang Jiujii Tang to restore Yang and resolve with sweat.
Observation 6: White foam in mouth or cold saliva during sleep indicates Cold. Use Wuzhuyu Tang, Lizhong Tang, or Zhenwu Tang based on severity. Avoid cold medicines. Use sweet-warm to tonify Yuan Qi: Sijunzi Tang plus Fuzi. Blood deficiency: Zhang Zhongjing's Bawei Wan. Applies to miscellaneous diseases too.
Syndrome 1: Labor-induced Cold. Headache, fever, aversion to cold, slight thirst, sweating, body pain, leg soreness, weakness/fatigue, empty/floating/weak pulse. Do not mistake for regular Cold Damage and induce heavy sweating. Classics: "Treat exhaustion with warmth." Warmth removes great heat. Use Buzhong Yiqi Tang; if purgation indication exists, use Da Chaihu Tang.
Syndrome 2: Blood Sweat Disease. Headache, fever, dry mouth, nose/mouth bleeding, abdominal distension, afternoon lethargy, hoarseness/deafness, hypochondriac pain. Use Xijiao Dihuang Tang combined with Xiao Chaihu Tang. Add Maogen and Jiuzhi for heavy bleeding; sweating如雨 resolves it.
Syndrome 3: Persistent Hematemesis. Use Jiuzhi ground with Jingmo ink; blood stops upon turning black. Without Jiuzhi, use egg white. Red belongs to Fire, Black to Water.
Syndrome 4: Jaundice. Rub body frequently with fresh ginger residue; jaundice recedes.
Syndrome 5: Post-Purgation Care. After administering purgatives for interior heat, wrap 1 sheng salt-fried bran in silk and iron over patient's abdomen to promote drug action and ease defecation.
Syndrome 6: Mania/Wandering. Place fire basin in bedroom, pour vinegar on fire. Patient inhaling fumes calms down.
Syndrome 7: Epistaxis. Apply wet paper to Baihui (GV20). Blow roasted black Gardenia powder into nostrils. Stop bleeding. Only for continuous flow, not dripping. Dripping indicates pathogen in meridian; do not use.
Syndrome 8: Phlegm Binding. Gypsum powder, Banxia powder, raw alum powder, plus musk, mixed with ginger juice to induce expectoration. Mild cases: Beimu, Zaoguo, musk, ginger juice. Also applicable to miscellaneous diseases.
Syndrome 9: Abdominal Wall Pain. Iron fried bran wrapped in cloth. Stops pain. Also for spontaneous sweating. If persistent, use warm powder dusting.
Formula:
Shishen Tang
Treats seasonal irregularities, epidemic spread, cold/flu with fever/aversion to cold, headache/body pain, cough/asthma. Yin-Yang dual infection Cold Damage.
Chuanxiong Radix (Chuanxiong), Licorice Root (Gancao), Ephedra Herb (Mahuang), Perilla Leaf (Zisu), Angelica Dahurica (Baizhi), Cimicifuga Rhizome (Shengma), Tangerine Peel (Chenpi), Red Peony Root (Chishao), Kudzu Root (Gegen).
Decoct each dose (1 liang) with fresh ginger. Cover with blanket to induce sweat. Add Congbai for fever/headache; Huangqin/Maimendong for tidal fever; Jiegeng/Sangbaipi/Banxia for cough/asthma; Zhishi/Banxia/Zhike for chest fullness; Fried Ren/Baidoukou for poor appetite; Dingxiang/Caoguo for vomiting; Wumei/Gegen for epistaxis; Yanhusuo/Liangjiang for cold pain; Dahuang/Mangxiao for constipation; Zhike/Danggui for dysentery; Mutong/Huashi/Roudoukou for diarrhea.
Renshen Baidu San [Note] (Acrid-neutral dispersant for four-season colds)
Treats Cold Damage headache, high fever/aversion to wind, wind-phlegm cough, nasal congestion/heavy voice. Four-season epidemic heat-toxin, head/face swelling/pain, dysentery fever, various sores/toxins.
Chaihu, Gancao, Jiegeng, Renshen, Qianghuo, Duhuo, Chuanxiong, Fuling, Zhike, Qianhu.
Decoct each dose (1 liang) with fresh ginger and Bohe. Add Banxia for cough; Huanglian/Huangqin/Huangbai/Shanzhi for heat-toxin; Jingjie/Fangfeng for wind-heat (name: Jingfang Baidu San); combine with Xiaofeng San (name: Xiaofeng Baidu San); Ganegen/Huanglian for alcohol toxicity; Jinyinhua/Lianqiao minus Renshen for sores (name: Lianqiao Baidu San).
Shuangjie San [Note] (Releases exterior and purges interior for dual infections)
Treats injury by Wind-Cold-Damp-Heat, hunger/fullness, labor. Causes Qi-Blood stagnation and accumulated heat, resulting in sweat diseases/miscellaneous diseases. Use whenever discomfort arises. Fast resolution for pediatric rashes. Add Dahuang/Mangxiao/Mahuang as indicated. Remove Dahuang/Mangxiao for spontaneous diarrhea; remove Mahuang for spontaneous sweating. (Combination of Fangfeng Tongsheng San and YiYuan San).
Qianghuo Chonghe Tang [Note] (Acrid-cool dispersant for Taiyang Bladder Meridian)
Treats non-seasonal acute cold in Spring/Summer/Autumn, aversion to cold/headache, fever/no sweat, stiff waist/spine/neck, floating/tight pulse. Taiyang exterior syndrome; requires dispersion, different from Winter Zheng Shanghan. Treats spring-warmth, summer-heat, autumn-dampness. Effective for miscellaneous diseases. Replaces Mahuang Guizhi Tang, Qinglong Ge Ban Tang. Divine medicine for Taiyang, also named Shenjiesan.
Qianghuo (3 qian): Treats Taiyang limb/joint pain; penetrates large and small; corrects chaos.
Fangfeng (1.5 qian): Treats whole-body pain; follows commands; guides pathogen out.
Cangzhu (1 qian, rice water processed): Potent; ascending Qi dries dampness; stabilizes Taiyin; prevents pathogen transmission to Spleen.