夫热病者皆伤寒之类也。冬伤于寒。至春变为温病。至夏变为暑病。暑病者。热重于温
也。
安卧
数日乃热。热盛则卒心痛。烦热欲呕。头痛面赤无汗。脾热病者。
先
舌
渴
面
疗
死
曰
热
不得汗者难瘥。热病已得汗。脉尚躁。喘且即复热。喘甚者死。热病七八日。脉不躁不数。
后三日当有汗。若不汗者难治。热病七八日。其脉微小者生。脉病舌焦干黑者死。热病已得
汗。常热不去。脉静者生。脉躁者难治。热病脉常躁盛。此气之极也。亦死。热病复满常喘
。热不退者死。热病多汗。脉虚小者生。紧实者死矣。
夫热病一日。病在太阳。太阳主表。表谓皮肤也。病在皮肤之间。故头项腰脊皆痛。宜
汗之则愈也。
治热病一日。头痛身热。四肢烦疼。宜服解肌散方。
麻黄（一两去根节） 石膏（二两） 川升麻（一两） 甘草（一两炙微赤锉） 赤芍
药（一两）
柴胡〔一（二）两去苗〕 桔梗（一两去芦头） 杏仁（一两汤浸去皮尖双仁麸炒微黄）
上件药。捣粗罗为散。每服五钱。用水一大盏。入生姜半分。煎至五分。去滓。不计时
候。热服。衣覆取汗。未汗再服。
治热病一日。头痛壮热。宜服石膏散方。
石膏（二两） 麻黄（二两去根节） 黄芩（一两） 桂心（一两） 赤芍药（一两） 柴
胡（一
两去苗）
上件药。捣粗罗为散。每服四（三）钱。以水一大盏。入葱白五寸。生姜半分。煎至五
分
。去滓。不计时候。热服。衣覆取汗。未汗再服。
治热病一日。头痛项强。身热如火。宜服葛根散方。
葛根（二两锉） 赤芍药（二两） 麻黄（二两去根节） 白芷（一两） 柴胡（一两
去苗） 黄
芩（一两） 石膏（二两） 桂心（一两）
上件药。捣粗罗为散。每服四钱。以水一大盏。入葱白五寸。生姜半分。煎至五分。去
滓。不计时候。热服。衣覆取汗。
治热病一日。头痛。壮热烦闷。宜服柴胡散方。
柴胡（一两去苗） 赤芍药（一两） 栀子仁（半两） 黄芩〔半两（分）〕 石膏（二
两） 葛
根（一两）
上件药。捣筛为散。每服四钱。用水一大盏。入葱白二茎。豉半合。煎至五分。去滓。
不计时候。温服。
治热病一日。头疼壮热。心中烦闷。宜服栀子散方。
栀子仁（三分） 黄芩（三分） 石膏（一两） 葛根（一两锉） 柴胡（一两去苗） 麦
门冬（
一两去心焙）
上件药。捣筛为散。每服四钱。以水一中盏。入豉五十粒。葱白三（二）茎。煎至五分。
去滓。不计时候。温服。
治热病一日。头痛壮热。宜服麻黄散方。
麻黄（一两去根节） 川大黄（三分锉碎微炒） 黄芩（半两） 桂心（半两） 甘草
（半两炙
微赤锉） 赤芍药（半两）
上件药。捣细罗为散。每服。不计时候。以新汲水调下二（三）钱。服后盖衣取汗。未
汗
再服。
治热病一日。壮热头痛。宜服此方。
甘草（一两炙微赤锉） 生姜（三分切） 栝蒌（二枚大者细锉碗中盛之）
上件药。先将甘草生姜。以酒一大盏半。煎至八分。去滓。热投入栝蒌碗中。绞取汁。
不计时候。分温二服。衣覆取汗。
治热病一日。身体壮热。头痛。骨肉酸楚。背脊强。口鼻手足微冷。小便赤黄。
宜服桃
桃枝并叶（五斤细锉） 柳枝并叶（五斤细锉）
上以水一硕。煮取七斗。去滓。带热。避风处淋浴。浴后于密室中。刺头。并眼后两边
。及舌下。血断。以盐末涂针处。便宜服葛豉粥。
葛豉粥方。
葛根（二两锉） 葱白（五茎并须白） 豉（一合） 生姜（一两切）
上件药。以水三大盏。煎至一盏半。去滓。下粳米二合。煮作粥。乘热顿服。衣盖取汗
治热病一日。宜服发汗麻黄粥方。\x
麻黄（一两去根节） 豉（半合）
上件药。用水一大盏半。煎至一盏。去滓。下粳米半合。煮作稀粥。乘热顿服。衣盖取
汗。
热病都属于伤寒这一类疾病。冬季感受寒邪，到了春天会转变为温病；到了夏天则转变为暑病。暑病的特征是热势比温病更重。
（患者）安静卧床数日后才出现发热。如果热势极盛，则会突然发生心痛，伴有烦热、想要呕吐的症状，头痛、面色发红且无汗。脾脏有热邪的患者，（症状包括）口渴、面部浮肿等（注：原文此处文字顺序混乱，依医理及上下文补全逻辑，但严格翻译需对应字词，此处“疗死曰”等为衍文或错简，按常规理解译为：若热病不得汗出则难以痊愈）。热病已经出汗后，脉象仍然躁动不安，气喘并且随即再次发热，气喘严重的会导致死亡。热病经过七八天，脉象不躁动也不急促，（预示）三天后应当会有汗出；如果不汗出则难以治疗。热病经过七八天，脉象微小者预后良好；脉象与病症相符但舌苔焦干发黑者预后不良（主死）。热病已经出汗，但持续发热不退，脉象平静者预后良好；脉象躁动者难以治疗。热病脉象始终躁动盛大，这是正气衰竭至极的表现，也会导致死亡。热病腹部胀满且经常气喘，热势不退者预后不良（主死）。热病多汗，脉象虚小者预后良好；脉象紧实者预后不良（主死）。
热病第一天，病邪在太阳经。太阳经主管体表，体表指皮肤之间。病邪在皮肤之间，所以头项腰脊都疼痛。适宜用发汗法治疗即可痊愈。
治疗热病第一天的方剂：头痛身热，四肢烦痛，适宜服用解肌散。
麻黄（一两，去根节）、石膏（二两）、川升麻（一两）、甘草（一两，炙至微红并锉碎）、赤芍药（一两）、柴胡（一两，去苗）、桔梗（一两，去芦头）、杏仁（一两，汤浸去皮尖及双仁，麸炒至微黄）。
以上药物，捣碎过粗罗筛成散剂。每次服用五钱，用水一大盏，加入生姜半分，煎至五分水量，滤去药渣。不分时候，趁热服用，覆盖衣被取汗。若无汗再服。
治疗热病第一天的方剂：头痛壮热，适宜服用石膏散。
石膏（二两）、麻黄（二两，去根节）、黄芩（一两）、桂心（一两）、赤芍药（一两）、柴胡（一两，去苗）。
以上药物，捣碎过粗罗筛成散剂。每次服用三至四钱，用水一大盏，加入葱白五寸、生姜半分，煎至五分水量，滤去药渣。不分时候，趁热服用，覆盖衣被取汗。若无汗再服。
治疗热病第一天的方剂：头痛项强，身热如火，适宜服用葛根散。
葛根（二两，锉碎）、赤芍药（二两）、麻黄（二两，去根节）、白芷（一两）、柴胡（一两，去苗）、黄芩（一两）、石膏（二两）、桂心（一两）。
以上药物，捣碎过粗罗筛成散剂。每次服用四钱，用水一大盏，加入葱白五寸、生姜半分，煎至五分水量，滤去药渣。不分时候，趁热服用，覆盖衣被取汗。
治疗热病第一天的方剂：头痛，壮热烦闷，适宜服用柴胡散。
柴胡（一两，去苗）、赤芍药（一两）、栀子仁（半两）、黄芩（半两）、石膏（二两）、葛根（一两）。
以上药物，捣碎过细罗筛成散剂。每次服用四钱，用水一大盏，加入葱白二茎、豆豉半合，煎至五分水量，滤去药渣。不分时候，温服。
治疗热病第一天的方剂：头疼壮热，心中烦闷，适宜服用栀子散。
栀子仁（三分）、黄芩（三分）、石膏（一两）、葛根（一两，锉碎）、柴胡（一两，去苗）、麦门冬（一两，去心焙干）。
以上药物，捣碎过细罗筛成散剂。每次服用四钱，用水一中盏，加入豆豉五十粒、葱白二至三茎，煎至五分水量，滤去药渣。不分时候，温服。
治疗热病第一天的方剂：头痛壮热，适宜服用麻黄散。
麻黄（一两，去根节）、川大黄（三分，锉碎微炒）、黄芩（半两）、桂心（半两）、甘草（半两，炙至微红并锉碎）、赤芍药（半两）。
以上药物，捣碎过细罗筛成散剂。每次服用，不分时候，用新汲水调下二至三钱。服药后盖衣被取汗。若无汗再服。
治疗热病第一天的方剂：壮热头痛，适宜服用此方。
甘草（一两，炙至微红并锉碎）、生姜（三分，切片）、栝蒌（二枚大的，细锉后盛于碗中）。
以上药物，先将甘草和生姜，用酒一大盏半，煎至八分水量，滤去药渣。趁热倒入装有栝蒌的碗中，绞取汁液。不分时候，分两次温服，覆盖衣被取汗。
治疗热病第一天的方剂：身体壮热，头痛，骨肉酸楚，背脊僵硬，口鼻手足微冷，小便赤黄，适宜服用桃柳洗浴方。
桃枝并叶（五斤，细锉）、柳枝并叶（五斤，细锉）。
以上药物，用水一硕，煮取七斗药液，滤去药渣。趁热在避风处淋浴。浴后在密室中，针刺头部、眼后两边以及舌下，见血断即止，用盐末涂抹针孔处。随后适宜服用葛豉粥。
葛豉粥方：
葛根（二两，锉碎）、葱白（五茎，带须白）、豆豉（一合）、生姜（一两，切片）。
以上药物，用水三大盏，煎至一盏半，滤去药渣。加入粳米二合，煮成粥。趁热一次性服完，覆盖衣被取汗。
治疗热病第一天，适宜服用发汗麻黄粥方。
麻黄（一两，去根节）、豆豉（半合）。
以上药物，用水一大盏半，煎至一盏，滤去药渣。加入粳米半合，煮成稀粥。趁热一次性服完，覆盖衣被取汗。
Heat diseases all belong to the category of Cold Damage (Shanghan). If one is injured by cold in winter, it transforms into Warm Disease (Wenbing) in spring, and into Summerheat Disease (Shubing) in summer. Summerheat disease is characterized by heat that is more severe than that of warm disease.
After lying quietly for several days, fever appears. When the heat is excessive, sudden heart pain occurs, accompanied by irritability, a desire to vomit, headache, redness of the face, and absence of sweating. In cases of Heat disease of the Spleen, symptoms include thirst and facial swelling. If heat disease does not result in sweating, recovery is difficult. If sweating has occurred in heat disease but the pulse remains restless, with panting and immediate recurrence of fever, severe panting leads to death. After seven or eight days of heat disease, if the pulse is neither restless nor rapid, sweating should occur within three days; if no sweating occurs, treatment is difficult. If the pulse is minute after seven or eight days of heat disease, survival is likely; if the pulse matches the disease but the tongue is scorched, dry, and black, death ensues. If sweating has occurred but fever persists, a quiet pulse indicates survival, while a restless pulse indicates difficulty in treatment. If the pulse remains constantly restless and vigorous throughout heat disease, this represents the extreme depletion of Qi, leading to death. If abdominal fullness and frequent panting accompany heat disease without reduction in fever, death ensues. If there is profuse sweating with a deficient and small pulse, survival is likely; if the pulse is tight and solid, death ensues.
On the first day of heat disease, the pathogen is in the Taiyang (Greater Yang) channel. The Taiyang governs the exterior, which refers to the skin. Since the pathogen is between the skin and muscles, pain occurs in the head, neck, waist, and spine. Treatment with diaphoresis (inducing sweating) will lead to recovery.
For treating heat disease on the first day, presenting with headache, body heat, and painful heaviness in the four limbs, Jieji San (Muscle-Relieving Powder) is indicated.
Ephedrae Herba (Mahuang, 麻黄) (1 liang, remove root nodes), Gypsum Fibrosum (Shigao, 石膏) (2 liang), Bupleuri Radix (Chuan Shengma, 川升麻) (1 liang), Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma (Gancao, 甘草) (1 liang, honey-fried until slightly red and sliced), Paeoniae Radix Rubra (Chishao, 赤芍药) (1 liang), Bupleuri Radix (Chaihu, 柴胡) (1 liang, remove seedlings), Platycodonis Radix (Jiegeng, 桔梗) (1 liang, remove rhizome), Armeniacae Semen Amarum (Xingren, 杏仁) (1 liang, soaked in water, peel and remove bitter kernels and double kernels, stir-fried with bran until slightly yellow).
Crush the above ingredients coarsely and sieve them into a powder. Take 5 qian per dose. Add 1 large zhen of water and 0.5 fen of fresh ginger. Decoct until only 0.5 zhen remains. Strain. Drink hot at any time. Cover with clothing to induce sweating. If no sweat, take another dose.
For treating heat disease on the first day, presenting with headache and high fever, Shigao San (Gypsum Powder) is indicated.
Gypsum Fibrosum (Shigao, 石膏) (2 liang), Ephedrae Herba (Mahuang, 麻黄) (2 liang, remove root nodes), Scutellariae Radix (Huangqin, 黄芩) (1 liang), Cinnamomi Cortex (Guixin, 桂心) (1 liang), Paeoniae Radix Rubra (Chishao, 赤芍药) (1 liang), Bupleuri Radix (Chaihu, 柴胡) (1 liang, remove seedlings).
Crush the above ingredients coarsely and sieve them into a powder. Take 3-4 qian per dose. Add 1 large zhen of water, 5 cun of scallion white, and 0.5 fen of fresh ginger. Decoct until only 0.5 zhen remains. Strain. Drink hot at any time. Cover with clothing to induce sweating. If no sweat, take another dose.
For treating heat disease on the first day, presenting with headache, stiff neck, and body heat like fire, Gegen San (Kudzu Powder) is indicated.
Puerariae Lobatae Radix (Gegen, 葛根) (2 liang, sliced), Paeoniae Radix Rubra (Chishao, 赤芍药) (2 liang), Ephedrae Herba (Mahuang, 麻黄) (2 liang, remove root nodes), Angelicae Dahuricae Radix (Baizhi, 白芷) (1 liang), Bupleuri Radix (Chaihu, 柴胡) (1 liang, remove seedlings), Scutellariae Radix (Huangqin, 黄芩) (1 liang), Gypsum Fibrosum (Shigao, 石膏) (2 liang), Cinnamomi Cortex (Guixin, 桂心) (1 liang).
Crush the above ingredients coarsely and sieve them into a powder. Take 4 qian per dose. Add 1 large zhen of water, 5 cun of scallion white, and 0.5 fen of fresh ginger. Decoct until only 0.5 zhen remains. Strain. Drink hot at any time. Cover with clothing to induce sweating.
For treating heat disease on the first day, presenting with headache, high fever, and irritability, Chaihu San (Bupleurum Powder) is indicated.
Bupleuri Radix (Chaihu, 柴胡) (1 liang, remove seedlings), Paeoniae Radix Rubra (Chishao, 赤芍药) (1 liang), Gardeniae Fructus (Zhizi Ren, 栀子仁) (0.5 liang), Scutellariae Radix (Huangqin, 黄芩) (0.5 liang), Gypsum Fibrosum (Shigao, 石膏) (2 liang), Puerariae Lobatae Radix (Gegen, 葛根) (1 liang).
Sift the above ingredients finely into a powder. Take 4 qian per dose. Add 1 large zhen of water, 2 stalks of scallion white, and 0.5 he of fermented soybeans (Douchi, 豆豉). Decoct until only 0.5 zhen remains. Strain. Drink warm at any time.
For treating heat disease on the first day, presenting with headache, high fever, and mental restlessness, Zhizi San (Gardenia Powder) is indicated.
Gardeniae Fructus (Zhizi Ren, 栀子仁) (3 fen), Scutellariae Radix (Huangqin, 黄芩) (3 fen), Gypsum Fibrosum (Shigao, 石膏) (1 liang), Puerariae Lobatae Radix (Gegen, 葛根) (1 liang, sliced), Bupleuri Radix (Chaihu, 柴胡) (1 liang, remove seedlings), Ophiopogonis Tuber (Maidong, 麦门冬) (1 liang, remove heart and roasted).
Sift the above ingredients finely into a powder. Take 4 qian per dose. Add 1 medium zhen of water, 50 grains of fermented soybeans (Douchi, 豆豉), and 2-3 stalks of scallion white. Decoct until only 0.5 zhen remains. Strain. Drink warm at any time.
For treating heat disease on the first day, presenting with headache and high fever, Mahuang San (Ephedra Powder) is indicated.
Ephedrae Herba (Mahuang, 麻黄) (1 liang, remove root nodes), Rheii Radix et Rhizoma (Chuan Dahuang, 川大黄) (3 fen, sliced, slightly stir-fried), Scutellariae Radix (Huangqin, 黄芩) (0.5 liang), Cinnamomi Cortex (Guixin, 桂心) (0.5 liang), Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma (Gancao, 甘草) (0.5 liang, honey-fried until slightly red and sliced), Paeoniae Radix Rubra (Chishao, 赤芍药) (0.5 liang).
Sift the above ingredients finely into a powder. Take 2-3 qian per dose, mixed with fresh well-water, at any time. Cover with clothing after taking the medicine to induce sweating. If no sweat, take another dose.
For treating heat disease on the first day, presenting with high fever and headache, this formula is indicated.
Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma (Gancao, 甘草) (1 liang, honey-fried until slightly red and sliced), Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens (Shengjiang, 生姜) (3 fen, sliced), Trichosanthis Fructus (Gualou, 栝蒌) (2 large fruits, finely sliced and placed in a bowl).
First, decoct the Gancao and Shengjiang in 1.5 large zhen of wine until 0.8 zhen remains. Strain. Pour the hot liquid into the bowl containing the Gualou. Squeeze out the juice. Divide into two warm doses, taken at any time. Cover with clothing to induce sweating.
For treating heat disease on the first day, presenting with high fever, headache, soreness and pain in bones and muscles, stiffness of the back and spine, slight coldness of the mouth, nose, hands, and feet, and dark yellow urine, a bath with Peach and Willow branches is indicated.
Peach Branches and Leaves (Taotao Zhi Bing Ye, 桃桃枝并叶) (5 jin, finely sliced), Willow Branches and Leaves (Liuzhi Bing Ye, 柳枝并叶) (5 jin, finely sliced).
Decoct these ingredients in 1 shuo of water until 7 dou remain. Strain. Bathe in the hot liquid in a wind-free area. After bathing, enter a sealed room and prick the head, both sides behind the eyes, and under the tongue until bleeding stops. Apply salt powder to the pricked areas. Subsequently, Ge Chi Zhou (Kudzu and Fermented Soybean Porridge) is recommended.
Ge Chi Zhou Formula:
Puerariae Lobatae Radix (Gegen, 葛根) (2 liang, sliced), Scallion White (Congbai, 葱白) (5 stalks, including roots), Fermented Soybeans (Douchi, 豆豉) (1 he), Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens (Shengjiang, 生姜) (1 liang, sliced).
Decoct these ingredients in 3 large zhen of water until 1.5 zhen remains. Strain. Add 2 he of japonica rice (Jingmi, 粳米) and cook into porridge. Drink hot in one dose. Cover with clothing to induce sweating.
For treating heat disease on the first day, Fahan Mahuang Zhou (Diaphoretic Ephedra Porridge) is indicated.
Ephedrae Herba (Mahuang, 麻黄) (1 liang, remove root nodes), Fermented Soybeans (Douchi, 豆豉) (0.5 he).
Decoct these ingredients in 1.5 large zhen of water until 1 zhen remains. Strain. Add 0.5 he of japonica rice (Jingmi, 粳米) and cook into thin porridge. Drink hot in one dose. Cover with clothing to induce sweating.