治上吐下泻,心腹 痛,水食不下。
糯米(一百二十粒) 生姜(一块)
上作一处捣细,用新汲水解服。如仓卒无药,掘地坑投水搅之,待澄,取清饮之亦可,
名地浆。
霍乱已死,腹中尚有暖气。
上用盐纳脐中,灸二七壮,仍灸气海穴。
论曰∶诸虚《难经》所谓五损,因虚而致损也,一损损于皮毛,皮聚而毛落;二损损于
血脉,血脉虚少,不能荣于五脏六腑;三损损于肌肉,肌肉消瘦,饮食不为肌肤;四损损于
筋,筋缓不能自收持;五损损于骨,骨痿不能起于床。反此者皆脉之病也。从上下者,骨痿
不能起于床者死,从下上者,皮聚而毛落者死。损其肺者益其气,损其心者调其营卫,损其
脾者调其饮食、适其寒温,损其肝者缓其中,损其肾者益其精。夫人有五脏,要在乎心与肾
而已。二者何?盖心属火,火降则血流通,四肢和畅,肾属水,水升则精满,神气盛而肢体
和,则病不生。《素问》云∶恬澹虚无,真气从之,精神内守,病安从来。人能保惜,乃知
固养之道。或失调理,或心肾有亏,左阳升而不升,右阴降而不降,禀赋素弱,寒暑劳役,
或色欲过度,俱能损耗真气,以致肌体羸瘦,腰膝无力,小便频而又涩,目眩耳聋,遗精自
汗,甚则虚火上攻,面红喘满,遇热难禁,或下部湿热所袭,变生诸证,此皆虚劳之病。尽
力谋为,劳伤乎肝,应乎筋极;曲运神机,劳伤乎心,应乎脉极;意外过思,劳伤乎脾,应
乎肉极;预事而忧,劳伤乎肺,应乎气;极矜持志节,劳伤乎肾,应乎骨极。此五劳应乎五
脏之劳极。然精极者五脏六腑之气衰,形体皆极,眼视无明,齿焦发落,体重耳聋,行履不
正,邪气入于六腑,厥于五脏,故成精极。大抵虚损劳极之脉多弦,治疗之法,随其虚实冷
热而调之。精极者当补其精,《素问》所谓形不足者,温之以气,精不足者,补之以味。年
分门列,大略如此。若能保养,不妄作劳,精神俱备,所以天年庶百岁乃去。不能谨守,不
知持满,难保天年。临病之际,在乎详审。
治疗上吐下泻,心腹疼痛,饮食无法进服。
糯米(一百二十粒) 生姜(一块)
将上述药物放在一起捣碎成细末,用刚打来的井水冲服。如果仓促间没有药,可以挖掘一个地坑,投入水并搅拌,待水澄清后,取上层清水饮用也可以,这种水名叫“地浆”。
霍乱患者已经死亡,但腹部尚有余温。
使用盐填入肚脐中,艾灸十四壮,然后再灸气海穴。
治疗霍乱引起的转筋(肌肉痉挛)。
使用上述方法中的蓼草一把,去掉头部和尾部,用水煎煮后熏洗患处。另一方使用陈年的蓼草。
论述说:各种虚损,《难经》所说的“五损”,是因为虚弱而导致的损伤。一损损伤皮毛,表现为皮肤聚拢而毛发脱落;二损损伤血脉,血脉虚少,不能滋养五脏六腑;三损损伤肌肉,肌肉消瘦,饮食不能转化为肌肤营养;四损损伤筋脉,筋脉松弛不能自主收缩持握;五损损伤骨骼,骨痿软弱不能起床。与此相反的情况都是脉象的病变。病势从上往下发展的,出现骨痿不能起床的会死亡;病势从下往上发展的,出现皮肤聚拢毛发脱落的会死亡。损伤肺脏的要补益其气,损伤心脏的要调和营卫,损伤脾脏的要调节饮食、适应寒温,损伤肝脏的要舒缓其情志,损伤肾脏的要补益其精。人拥有五脏,关键在于心与肾罢了。这两者是什么道理呢?大概心属火,火降则血液流通,四肢和畅;肾属水,水升则精气充满,神气旺盛而肢体调和,这样疾病就不会产生。《素问》说:心境恬淡虚无,真气就会顺从,精神内守,疾病从何而来?人若能爱惜保养,就懂得固本养生的道理。或者失于调理,或者心肾亏损,左边的阳气上升而不升,右边的阴气下降而不降,禀赋本来虚弱,加上寒暑侵袭、劳累役使,或者房事过度,都能损耗真气,导致身体瘦弱,腰膝无力,小便频繁且涩痛,头晕目眩耳聋,遗精自汗,严重时虚火上攻,面红气喘胸闷,怕热难以忍受,或者下部被湿热侵袭,变生各种证候,这些都是虚劳病。尽力谋划事务,劳伤肝,对应筋极;用心思运谋,劳伤心,对应脉极;意外过度思考,劳伤脾,对应肉极;预先担忧事情,劳伤肺,对应气极;极力矜持志向节操,劳伤肾,对应骨极。这五种劳损对应五脏的劳极。至于精极,则是五脏六腑之气衰败,形体极度疲惫,视物不明,牙齿焦枯毛发脱落,身体沉重耳聋,行走不稳,邪气侵入六腑,逆乱于五脏,所以形成精极。大抵虚损劳极的脉象多呈弦脉,治疗的方法,根据其虚实冷热而进行调理。精极的患者应当补益其精,《素问》所谓形体不足的,用气来温煦它;精气不足的,用味来补益它。按年份分门别类,大致情况如此。如果能保养得当,不妄加劳累,精神充沛,所以能享有百岁天年才离世。如果不能谨慎坚守,不知道保持充盈,很难保全天年。面临疾病之际,在于详细审察。
Treats upper vomiting and lower diarrhea, heart and abdominal pain, and inability to take in food and water.
Glutinous Rice (120 grains) Fresh Ginger (one piece)
Grind the above ingredients together into a fine powder, and take with fresh well water. If medicines are unavailable in an emergency, dig a pit, pour in water and stir it; wait for the water to clarify, then drink the clear supernatant. This is called "Earth Slurry" (Di Jiang).
For cholera-like illness where the patient appears dead but warmth remains in the abdomen.
Place salt in the umbilicus and moxibustion for fourteen applications (two cycles of seven), followed by moxibustion on Qihai (CV6).
Treats cholera-like illness with muscle spasms (tetany/cramps).
Use one handful of Polygonum multiflorum vine (Liao), removing the head and tail, decoct in water for fumigation and washing. Another prescription uses aged Polygonum multiflorum vine.
Treats cholera-like illness with spasms extending into the abdomen.
Use a large amount of salt, decoct in water, and soak the affected area.
Discussion: Various deficiencies and damages refer to the "Five Damages" described in the Nan Jing (Classic of Difficult Issues), which result from weakness. The first damage affects the skin and hair, manifesting as gathered skin and falling hair; the second damage affects the blood vessels, resulting in deficient and scanty vessels unable to nourish the five zang and six fu organs; the third damage affects the muscles, leading to emaciation where food intake fails to build flesh; the fourth damage affects the sinews, causing flaccidity and inability to hold or control; the fifth damage affects the bones, resulting in bone atrophy and inability to rise from bed. Conditions contrary to these are diseases of the pulse. If the disease progresses from top to bottom, death occurs when bone atrophy prevents rising from bed; if it progresses from bottom to top, death occurs when skin gathers and hair falls out. For damage to the Lung, benefit its Qi; for damage to the Heart, regulate Ying and Wei (Nutritive and Defensive Qi); for damage to the Spleen, regulate diet and adapt to cold and heat; for damage to the Liver, soothe its interior (emotions/tension); for damage to the Kidney, benefit its Essence. Among the five zang organs, the Heart and Kidney are paramount. Why? The Heart belongs to Fire; when Fire descends, blood flows freely, and the four limbs are harmonious. The Kidney belongs to Water; when Water ascends, Essence is full, Shen (Spirit) and Qi are robust, and the body is harmonious, thus disease does not arise. The Su Wen (Basic Questions) states: "With tranquility and emptiness, True Qi follows; with spirit kept within, how can disease arise?" If one cherishes and preserves this, one understands the way of consolidating and nurturing. Neglect of regulation, or deficiency of Heart and Kidney, may cause Left Yang to fail to ascend and Right Yin to fail to descend. Constitutional weakness, exposure to cold and heat, overwork, or excessive sexual activity can all deplete True Qi, leading to emaciation, weak waist and knees, frequent and difficult urination, dizziness, deafness, seminal emission, spontaneous sweating, and in severe cases, deficient fire attacking upward, red face, panting and chest fullness, intolerance to heat, or invasion by damp-heat in the lower jiao, generating various syndromes. These are all diseases of consumptive fever (Xu Lao). Over-striving damages the Liver, corresponding to Sinew Extremity (Jin Ji); mental exertion damages the Heart, corresponding to Pulse Extremity (Mai Ji); excessive worry damages the Spleen, corresponding to Flesh Extremity (Rou Ji); anticipatory anxiety damages the Lung, corresponding to Qi Extremity (Qi Ji); rigid adherence to principles damages the Kidney, corresponding to Bone Extremity (Gu Ji). These five labors correspond to the extremities of labor in the five zang organs. Regarding Essence Extremity (Jing Ji), the Qi of the five zang and six fu organs declines, the form is extremely exhausted, vision is unclear, teeth are scorched, hair falls out, the body feels heavy, hearing is impaired, gait is unsteady, evil qi enters the six fu organs and rebels against the five zang organs, thus forming Essence Extremity. Generally, the pulse in deficiency and exhaustion extremes is often wiry (Xian). The treatment method involves regulating according to deficiency, excess, cold, and heat. For Essence Extremity, one must tonify the Essence. As stated in the Su Wen: "For those with insufficient form, warm them with Qi; for those with insufficient essence, tonify them with Flavor." Listed by year categories, this is the general principle. If one can preserve oneself, avoid reckless exertion, and maintain abundant spirit, one may reach a natural lifespan of a hundred years before passing. If one cannot guard carefully and does not know how to maintain fullness, preserving the natural lifespan will be difficult. When facing illness, careful examination is essential.