黄帝气厥论篇曰∶肺移寒于肾为涌水，涌水者，按腹不坚，水气客于大肠，疾行则鸣，濯濯如囊裹浆水之病也。（注
云∶肾气凝寒不能化液，大肠积水而不流通，故其疾行则肠鸣，而濯濯有声如囊裹浆而为水病也）所治葶苈丸。
夏子益《奇疾方》云∶有人患大肠头出寸余，痛苦，干则自落，落又出，名为截肠病，肠尽则死。但初觉截时，用
器盛脂麻油坐浸之，饮大麻子汁数升即愈。
〔源按〕此症为风邪客于大肠，盖风性善行，因逼迫而下，故肠头外出，然风又生燥，燥则营血不能贯润，故干而
自落，落后复迫大肠又下，故又干而落也。麻油润燥祛风，以治其外，大麻子汁驱一切恶风，而更能润内，内外兼治，
病故即安。
《奇病方》云∶有人患粪门内拖出一条，似蛇非蛇，或进或出，又安然无碍。此怪物长于直肠之间，非蛇也，乃肉
也，但伸缩如意，又似乎蛇。法当内用汤药，外用点药，自然消化矣。内用逐去杀蛇丹饭前服，二剂后，外用冰片点
之。先用木耳一两，煎汤洗之，洗后将冰片一分，研末而扫，扫尽即缩进而愈。
《怪疾奇方》云∶人有患湿热，大肠内虫出不断，断之复生，行坐不得。治以鹤虱为末，水调两半服自愈。
《肘后方》云∶有人患虫蚀肛，烂见五脏则死。以猪脂和马蹄灰，再鸡子白调涂，其毒瓦斯即能拨出也。
庚志云∶赵千山寓居天王寺，苦寸白虫为挠。医者戒云∶是痰，当止酒而以素所耽嗜。欲罢不能，一夕醉与外
舍，归以夜半，口干咽燥，仓卒无汤饮，适廊庑间有瓮水，月色下照莹然可掬，即酌而饮之，其甘如饴，连尽数盏，乃
就寝，迨晓虫出盈席，觉心腹顿宽，宿疾遂愈。一家惊异，验其所由，盖寺仆日织篦履浸红藤根水也。
又云∶蔡康积苦寸白为病，医者使之碾槟榔为末，取石榴东引根，煎调服之，先炙猪肉一大脔，置口中咽咀其津膏
而弗食言。此虫惟月三日以前其头向上，可用药，余日即头向下，虽药无益，虫闻肉香咂啖之意，故空则群争赴之，觉
胸中万箭攻攒，是其候也，然后用前药，蔡悉如之，不两刻腹中雷鸣，急登厕，虫下如倾。命仆人以杖桃拨，皆连绵成
串，几长数丈，尚蠕蠕能动，宿疾遂愈。
《幼科方》云∶有小儿初生，谷道不通，多致不救，非药可医。曾有人用银箸头烧红穿通其窍，大便始出，亦有用
玉簪通者。
陈尚古《簪云楼杂说》，乌程姚庄顾又虎，累叶簪绂，习享半郁。忽一日促家人持竹批，解裤受杖二十，后习为常，
间用稍轻辄加呵责，或反于杖杖之必重下，乃呼快心，如是数年，渐觉疼痛而止。医者闻之曰∶过嗜辛辣发物则热毒内
讧，因成奇痒，适打散不致上攻，否则患疽发背而死矣。此富贵人炯鉴也。
广陵有一田妇，泻下恶物如油，有一邻童，用纸捻蘸之，与油无二，众医莫效。孙兹九治之，用补中益气汤十
剂，及天王补心丹，服之而愈。旁问其故，曰∶惊气入大肠也，询之果因惊得此。
东垣治一人，肠 下血，另作一派，其血唧出有力而远射，四散如筛，春中血下行，腹中大作痛，乃阳明气冲，热
毒所作也。当升阳去湿，和血脉。以陈皮二分，熟地、归身、苍术、秦艽、桂各三分，生地、丹皮、生甘草各五分，升
麻七分，炙甘草、黄 各一钱，白芍一钱五分，名曰升阳去热和血汤，作一服，水四盏煎一盏，空心稍热服。
《准绳》载∶无择翁治脉痔外无形，而所下一线如箭，或点滴不已。此由脉窍中来也，用 皮丸。
程仁甫治一儿，一岁之内，大便三四十日只通一次，每通时腹胀盛。此乃胎毒热结所致。用玄明粉米饮调下一钱，
三五次之后不复闭。
葶苈丸
葶苈（炒） 泽泻 椒目 桑白皮 木猪苓 杏仁（各五钱）
为末，炼蜜丸梧子大，每服三五十丸，葱白汤下，不拘时服，以利为度。
逐邪杀蛇丹
当归 白芍（各一两） 萝卜子（三钱） 地榆（五钱） 大黄（一钱）
水煎服。
天王补心丹
生地（四两） 人参 元参（炒） 丹参 茯神 桔梗 远志（炒，五钱） 枣仁（炒） 柏子仁（炒、研去油） 天
冬（炒） 麦冬（炒） 当归 五味子（一两）
蜜丸弹子大，朱砂为衣，临卧灯心汤下一丸。
皮丸
皮（炙焦，一两） 槐花（炒） 艾叶（炒黄） 猪后悬蹄垂甲（炙黄，十枚） 盈尺皂角（一挺，去弦核、醋
炙黄）
为细末，蜜丸梧子大，每服五十丸，食前米饮送下。
补中益气汤（见项门）
二陈汤（见目门）
《黄帝内经·气厥论篇》记载：肺脏的寒邪转移至肾脏，形成“涌水”病。所谓涌水，表现为按压腹部并不坚硬，水气停留于大肠，快速行走时肠鸣有声，声音如同囊袋包裹着浆水一般。（注释说：肾气凝滞寒冷不能化生津液，大肠积水而不流通，所以快步走时肠鸣，发出濯濯的声音，像囊袋裹着浆水，从而形成水病。）治疗此病用葶苈丸。
夏子益在《奇疾方》中记载：有人患大肠头脱出寸余，感到痛苦，干燥后自行脱落，脱落后又再次脱出，这种病名为“截肠病”，如果肠子全部脱尽就会死亡。只要在刚感觉要脱出时，用容器盛装芝麻油坐浸其中，并饮用大麻子汁数升即可痊愈。
〔沈源按〕：此症是由于风邪客居于大肠，因为风性善于游走，因逼迫而下陷，所以肠头向外脱出；然而风邪又会生燥，燥则营血无法滋润，所以干燥而自行脱落，脱落后风邪再次逼迫大肠下陷，所以又干燥而脱落。麻油能润燥祛风，用于治疗外部症状；大麻子汁能驱除一切恶风，并且更能滋润内部，内外兼治，所以病立即安定。
《奇病方》记载：有人患肛门内拖出一条东西，形状似蛇非蛇，有时伸出有时缩回，人却安然无恙没有妨碍。这怪物长在直肠之间，不是蛇，而是肉，但伸缩自如，又似乎像蛇。治疗方法应当内服汤药，外用点药，自然就能消化消散。内服用逐去杀蛇丹，饭前服用，两剂之后，外用冰片点涂。先用木耳一两，煎汤清洗患处，洗后将一分冰片研成末扫敷，扫完后即收缩而痊愈。
《怪疾奇方》记载：有人患有湿热证，大肠内的虫排出不断，切断后又再生，导致行走坐卧不得安宁。治疗以鹤虱研为末，用水调服半两，自愈。
《肘后备急方》记载：有人患虫蚀肛，若腐烂见到五脏就会死亡。用猪脂混合马蹄灰，再用鸡蛋清调和涂抹，其毒气就能被拔除。
庚志记载：赵千山寄居在天王寺，苦于寸白虫（蛔虫）骚扰。医生告诫说：这是痰湿所致，应当戒酒并停止平素嗜好的饮食。但他想戒却戒不掉，一天晚上喝醉睡在外屋，半夜回家时口干咽燥，匆忙间没有汤饮，恰好走廊屋檐下有瓮水，月光下照得晶莹可掬，就舀起来喝，味道甘甜如饴，连喝了几杯，然后就去睡觉，等到天亮，虫子爬满席子，觉得心腹顿时轻松，宿疾于是痊愈。一家人惊异，查验其原因，原来是寺里的仆人每天织篦履浸泡红藤根水所致。
又记载：蔡康积苦于寸白虫之病，医生让他将槟榔碾为末，取石榴东向引根，煎汤调服，先烤一大块猪肉，放在口中咀嚼吞咽其津液而不吃下去。说这种虫子只有在农历每月初三以前头朝上，可以用药，其余日子头朝下，即使用药也无益。虫子闻到肉的香气有吸吮吞食之意，所以空腹时群集争赴，感觉到胸中像万箭攒射一样疼痛，就是发作的征兆，然后用前面的药，蔡康积完全照做，不到一刻钟腹中雷鸣，急忙上厕所，虫子泻下如倾泻一般。命令仆人用竹杖拨开查看，都连绵成串，几乎长达数丈，还在蠕蠕能动，宿疾于是痊愈。
《幼科方》记载：有小儿初生时，谷道（肛门）不通，多导致无法救治，不是药物可以医治的。曾有人用银筷头烧红穿通其窍，大便才排出，也有用玉簪通的。
陈尚古《簪云楼杂说》记载：乌程姚庄顾又虎，世代做官，习惯享受半日郁结的生活。忽然有一天催促家人拿竹板，解开裤子受二十杖责，后来习以为常，偶尔用得稍轻就加以呵责，或者反而在杖责时必须重打，才叫痛快，这样过了几年，渐渐觉得疼痛而停止。医生听说后说：过度嗜好辛辣发物则热毒在内扰乱，因此形成奇痒，正好通过打散不致使之上攻，否则患疽发背而死。这是富贵人的深刻教训。
广陵有一个农妇，泻下恶物如油，有一个邻家小孩用纸捻蘸取，与油无异，众医无效。孙兹九治疗她，用补中益气汤十剂，以及天王补心丹，服用后痊愈。旁人问其中的缘故，他说：这是惊气进入大肠，询问后果然因为受惊而得此病。
李东垣治疗一个人，肠道下血，另外形成一派，血液喷射有力且远射，四散如筛孔，春季中血下行，腹中大作痛，这是阳明气冲，由热毒所作。应当升阳去湿，调和血脉。用陈皮二分，熟地、归身、苍术、秦艽、桂枝各三分，生地、丹皮、生甘草各五分，升麻七分，炙甘草、黄芩各一钱，白芍一钱五分，名为升阳去热和血汤，作一服，水四盏煎至一盏，空心稍热服用。
《准绳》记载：无择翁治疗脉痔外无形状，而所下一线如箭，或点滴不止。这是由于脉窍中来，用槐皮丸治疗。
程仁甫治疗一个幼儿，一岁之内，大便三四十天只通一次，每次通便时腹胀严重。这是胎毒热结所致。用玄明粉米饮调下一钱，三五次之后不再闭结。
葶苈丸
葶苈（炒） 泽泻 椒目 桑白皮 木猪苓 杏仁（各五钱）
研为末，炼蜜制成梧桐子大小的丸药，每次服用三五十丸，葱白汤送下，不拘时间服用，以利下为度。
逐邪杀蛇丹
当归 白芍（各一两） 萝卜子（三钱） 地榆（五钱） 大黄（一钱）
水煎服。
天王补心丹
生地（四两） 人参 元参（炒） 丹参 茯神 桔梗 远志（炒，五钱） 枣仁（炒） 柏子仁（炒、研去油） 天冬（炒） 麦冬（炒） 当归 五味子（一两）
蜜丸弹子大小，朱砂为衣，临睡前灯心草汤送下一丸。
槐皮丸
槐皮（炙焦，一两） 槐花（炒） 艾叶（炒黄） 猪后悬蹄垂甲（炙黄，十枚） 盈尺皂角（一挺，去弦核、醋炙黄）
研为细末，蜜丸梧桐子大小，每次服用五十丸，食前米饮送下。
The *Qihue Lun* chapter of the *Huangdi Neijing* states: When cold from the Lung transfers to the Kidney, it forms "Yongshui" (Surging Water). Yongshui is characterized by a soft abdomen upon palpation; water qi resides in the Large Intestine, causing rumbling sounds when walking quickly, resembling the sound of a bag filled with fluid. (The annotation explains: Kidney qi is congealed and cold, unable to transform fluids; water accumulates in the Large Intestine without flowing freely, thus causing intestinal rumbling that sounds like a bag wrapped around fluid, resulting in a water disease.) This is treated with Tingli Wan.
Xia Ziyi's *Qiji Fang* records: A person suffered from the protrusion of the rectal head by more than one cun, experiencing pain. When dry, it would fall off spontaneously, but would protrude again after falling. This condition is named "Changbing" (Intestine Severing Disease); if the intestine completely falls out, death ensues. However, at the initial sensation of protrusion, sitting and soaking in sesame oil contained in a vessel, while drinking several sheng of hemp seed juice, leads to recovery.
[Shen Yuan notes]: This syndrome is caused by wind pathogen lodging in the Large Intestine. Since wind nature is agile and mobile, forced downward by pressure, the rectal head protrudes outward. However, wind generates dryness; dryness prevents Ying blood from moistening, causing it to dry and fall off spontaneously. After falling, the wind forces the Large Intestine down again, leading to repeated drying and falling. Sesame oil moistens dryness and dispels wind, treating the exterior; hemp seed juice drives away all evil winds and further moistens the interior. Treating both interior and exterior, the illness stabilizes immediately.
*Qibing Fang* records: A person had something dragging from inside the anus, resembling a snake but not a snake, sometimes extending and sometimes retracting, yet the person remained comfortable and unharmed. This creature grows between the rectum; it is not a snake, but flesh, yet moves flexibly like a snake. The method should involve internal decoction and external application of powder, which will naturally dissolve it. Internally, use Zhuxie Sheshe Dan taken before meals; after two doses, externally apply Borneol. First, wash with a decoction of one liang of wood ear fungus; after washing, grind one fen of borneol into powder and sweep it on the area. Once swept, it retracts and heals.
*Guaiji Qifang* records: A person suffered from damp-heat, with worms in the Large Intestine continuously emerging; if cut, they regenerate, making walking and sitting difficult. Treatment involves grinding Nishe (Nemesis fruit) into powder, mixing with water, taking half liang, for self-healing.
*Zhouhou Fang* records: A person suffered from worm erosion of the anus; if rotting exposes the five zang organs, death occurs. Use pig fat mixed with ash from horse hooves, blended with egg white for topical application; this can draw out the toxic qi.
Geng Zhi records: Zhao Qianshan resided in Tianwang Temple, suffering harassment from Ascaris lumbricoides (Inch-white worms). The physician warned: This is phlegm; one must stop drinking alcohol and cease indulging in favorite foods. He wanted to quit but could not. One night he got drunk sleeping in an outer room, returned at midnight with a dry mouth and throat. In haste, lacking tea or soup, he found a jar of water under the eaves, clear and inviting under the moonlight. He drank it; it was sweet as syrup. He finished several cups, then slept. By dawn, worms covered the mat, his heart and abdomen felt instantly relieved, and the chronic illness was cured. The family was amazed. Investigating the cause, it turned out the temple servant daily soaked rattan roots in water used for weaving combs/shoes.
Another record: Cai Kangji suffered from Ascaris lumbricoides. The physician instructed him to grind Areca nut into powder, take the root of Pomegranate growing eastward, decoct and mix with the powder. First, roast a large piece of pork, chew and swallow the saliva without eating the meat. It is said these worms only have their heads facing upward before the third day of the lunar month, allowing medication to work; on other days, heads face downward, rendering medicine useless. Smelling the meat's aroma triggers sucking and eating instincts; thus, when empty, they swarm. Feeling ten thousand arrows piercing the chest is the sign to administer the medicine. Cai followed this exactly. Within a quarter hour, thunderous noises occurred in the abdomen. Rushing to the toilet, worms poured out like a flood. Servants used bamboo sticks to separate them; they were connected in strings, nearly tens of feet long, still wriggling. The chronic illness was cured.
*Youke Fang* records: Some infants are born with anal atresia (impassable anus), often leading to untreatable conditions, not curable by medicine alone. Someone once used a red-hot silver chopstick tip to pierce the opening, allowing stool to pass; others have used a jade hairpin.
Chen Shanggu's *Zanyun Lou Zasuo* records: Gu Youhu from Yaozhuang, Wucheng, descended from generations of officials, accustomed to partial stagnation/depression. Suddenly, he ordered family members to bring a bamboo strip, undress, and receive twenty strokes of the cane. Later, this became routine; if the beating was lighter, he scolded them, or demanded heavier blows to feel satisfied. This continued for years until pain gradually stopped. Physicians heard and said: Overindulgence in spicy, stimulating foods causes internal heat-toxin turmoil, resulting in strange itching. Beating disperses it, preventing upward attack; otherwise, back carbuncle would develop, causing death. This serves as a warning for the wealthy.
A farmer's wife in Guangling excreted foul matter like oil. A neighbor child dipped a paper wick in it, indistinguishable from oil. Many physicians failed. Sun Zijiu treated her using Buzhong Yiqi Tang for ten doses, along with Tianwang Buxin Dan, leading to recovery. Asked for the reason, he said: Shock qi entered the Large Intestine. Inquiry confirmed it resulted from fright.
Li Dongyuan treated a person with rectal bleeding, where blood jetted forcefully and sprayed far, scattering like through a sieve. In spring, blood flowed downward with severe abdominal pain. This was Yangming Qi Chong (Qi rushing), caused by heat-toxin. One should raise Yang, remove dampness, and harmonize blood vessels. Use Chenpi 2 fen, Shudi, Danggui Shen, Cangzhu, Qinjiao, Guizhi each 3 fen, Shengdi, Danpi, Sheng Gancao each 5 fen, Shengma 7 fen, Zhi Gancao, Huangqin each 1 qian, Baishao 1.5 qian. Named Shengyang Qure Hexue Tang. Take one dose, decoct four bowls of water to one bowl, drink warm on an empty stomach.
*Zhunsuo* records: Wuze Weng treated Mai Zhi (Vein Hemorrhoids) with no external shape, but discharging a line like an arrow or dripping endlessly. This originates from the vein orifice; treat with Huai Pi Wan.
Cheng Renfu treated a child who, within one year of age, passed stool only once every 30-40 days, with severe abdominal distension during passage. This was caused by fetal toxin and heat accumulation. Treat with Xuanming Powder mixed with rice drink, one qian per dose. After 3-5 times, constipation ceased.
Tingli Wan
Tingli (stir-fried), Zexie, Jiaomu, Sangbaipi, Muzhuling, Xingren (each 5 qian).
Grind into powder, refine honey into pills the size of mulberry seeds. Take 30-50 pills each time, washed down with Scallion White Decoction, anytime, stopping when bowel movement occurs.
Zhuxie Sheshe Dan
Danggui, Baishao (each 1 liang), Luobozij (3 qian), Diyu (5 qian), Dahuang (1 qian).
Decoct in water and take.
Tianwang Buxin Dan
Shengdi (4 liang), Renshen, Yuanshen (stir-fried), Danshen, Fushen, Jiegeng, Yuanzhi (stir-fried, 5 qian), Zaoren (stir-fried), Baiziren (stir-fried, ground, oil removed), Tiantong (stir-fried), Maidong (stir-fried), Danggui, Wuweizi (1 liang).
Refined honey pills the size of bullet seeds, coated with Cinnabar. Take one pill before sleep with Dengxin Decoction.
Huai Pi Wan
Huai Pi (roasted scorched, 1 liang), Huaihua (stir-fried), Aiye (stir-fried yellow), Zhu Hou Xuantichuijia (roasted yellow, 10 pieces), Yingshi Zaojiao (one stick, remove fibers and seeds, vinegar-roasted yellow).
Grind into fine powder, refined honey pills size of mulberry seeds. Take 50 pills before meals with rice drink.
Buzhong Yiqi Tang (See Neck Section)
Erchen Tang (See Eye Section)