【保精汤】遗久则玉关不闭。精尽而亡。世人往往用涩精之药。所以不救。倘于未曾太甚之时。大用补精补气。何
至于此。芡实 真山药（各一两） 莲子（五钱） 茯神（二钱炒） 枣仁（三钱） 台党（一钱）水煎服。先将药汤
饮之。后加白糖五钱。拌匀。连渣同服。每日如此。不须十日。即止梦不遗矣。
（圭按）此方安神固精。而稍兼滋补。久遗体虚。长饵此方。确极佳妙。
【盗汗】莲子 真浙江黑枣（各七个） 浮小麦 马料豆（各一合）水煎服。数次全愈。其效如神。
【神仙鸭】治劳伤虚弱。无病食之。亦能健脾益精。功效甚大。乌嘴白鸭一只（去净毛破开去肠杂不可用水或用白
毛老鸭亦可） 南枣（四十九枚去核） 白果（四十九枚去壳） 建莲（四十九粒去心） 人参（一钱） 陈甜酒（三
杯） 好酱油（二杯）各放鸭肚内。不放水。瓦钵装好封紧。蒸烂为丸。陈酒送服。
（圭按）此方健脾固精。滋阴清热。肺劳。遗精。皆颇相宜。以上五方。为余览鲍氏验方新编时所抄存。（一）为
补血剂。（二）为化痰剂。（三）为固精剂。（四）为敛汗剂。（五）为滋补剂。药既平正无 。方之应用亦广。故为转
载于此。洵家庭间之药笼也。
〔十二〕清道光梁晋竹秋雨庵随笔载。“诸城刘文正相国。食量倍常。蓄一青花巨盎。大容数升。每晨以半盎白
米饭。半盎肉脍。搅匀食之。然后入朝办事。过午而退。同时尹望山相公。但食莲米一小碗入朝。亦过午而退。然两
公同享盛名。并臻耆寿。此如宋张仆射齐贤每食啖肥猪肉数斤。夹胡饼。黑神丸五七两。而同时晏元献清瘦如
削。止析半叶饼以筋卷之。捻其头一茎而食。后亦并享遐龄。”圭按四公赋禀特异。不能以常情衡之。然食量过
多过少。皆非卫生之道。据霍伊芳特氏所定之保健食物。谓中等壮年而操中等之劳动者。每日须给与蛋白质一
一八克。脂肪五六克。含水炭素五○○克。方为适当。但欲将每日所进菜饭。精密估计其所含之营养分。使之适
如上数。不但为事实上不易办到。抑且无甚意义。大约吾人食物。以糙米。麸麦为主。辅以少量之肉类。蛋类。乳类。
鲜蔬。水果。日进二三餐。每餐以八分为度。则营养既不虞缺乏。而胃肠亦常保健全矣。
〔十三〕西湖名胜甲天下。而醋溜鱼之名。亦与西子湖并传。遐迩咸知。凡来杭垣游览西湖者。莫不一尝醋溜鱼
之美味焉。考此物系宋五嫂遗制。烹调得法。味颇不恶。番禺方橡坪孝廉有诗咏之曰。“小泊湖边五柳居。当筵
举网得鲜鱼。味酸最爱银刀绘。河鲤河鲂总不如。”醋溜鱼系鲩鱼和醋制成。鲩。补胃。肥健人。纵不如鳗鲡鲥鱼
之富滋养。补虚劳。但消化迅速。味清不腻。较诸兽肉。固胜一筹。病患老幼。食之咸宜。
〔十四〕偶阅浙江新闻千秋副刊载有张君何首乌之考正及虚伪一文。因忆民十七在上海中医专门学校任
教时。曾听顾惕生先生演讲肺痨病之食养疗法。顾氏尝患肺劳。以中药调理获愈。其子亦患是病。延西医疗治。
卒不救。故其演词颇扬中抑西。其实肺病无论中西。佥乏特效药。全赖调养得宜。方能渐愈。调养之道。中医不及
西法完美。顾氏因爱子夭折。悲愤之余。遂谓西医不善治痨。其言虽失之偏激。但演词中所举治痨方药。碓属经
验有效。弥觉珍贵。爰为移录如下。以便病肺诸君酌量制服。“日人又盛称何首乌治痨。鄙人亦尝试服。首乌与
六味丸之主药地黄。皆含铁之有机体物。服首乌之法。每首乌一斤。加茯苓半斤。咳者加五味子半斤。欲求子者
加枸杞半斤。中药不但令人愈病。且令人有子。斯为奇也。初服即健啖倍常人。苦粳米饭不耐饥。须糯米饭方能
果腹。其后多服。效力亦减。乃知治痨之法。药物不如食养。”又此物有调整大便之用。患常习性便秘之人。取鲜
首乌研末。蜜为丸。临睡以淡盐汤送下三四钱。自无如厕挣扎之苦。
〔十五〕挚友黄劳逸。以研究国产药物。着称于世。尝语余云。鸡卵之滋养价值。黄胜于白。消化吸收。亦黄速于
白。故讲求卫生者。恒倾去卵白。（因卵白属半可溶性经高热即凝固不易消化）专取卵黄打松。调于将起锅之粥中食之。
每粥一碗。可调入卵黄二枚。用代早食。长啜不断。殊体虚者之恩物也。因卵黄中含有多量之含磷脂肪。蛋白。维他命
甲及戊。皆人身之重要营养素也。惟此物生啖熟食。皆非所宜。最好半熟。故须热粥调之。
〔十六〕客有询本草善本于余者。答曰。诸家本草。每谓本经言简意赅。精微处自有神妙不测之用。惟其文本高
洁。每多含意未伸。非得慧心人悟彻隐微。得其真解。亦最易自趋歧途。所以后人之说药性者。辄有似是而非。演
成幻景之弊。迨唐以降。本草愈繁。主治更备。非不明白畅晓。言之成理。有时足补本经所未及。然已多数浮泛。难
以尽信。甚至将本经旧说。别伸一解。而失之毫厘。谬以千里。全非古人之本意者。所在多有。贻误后学。为害亦巨。
李濒湖纲目。网罗一切。最为渊博。有时殊病其繁。然罗列古籍。汇为一编。听学人自为抉择。可谓集其大成。以后
诸家。缪氏经疏。差有发明。而时失之庸。似少精义。徐氏百种录。文笔简明。阐发精当。最是上乘。惜其太少。必不
足用。石顽逢源。大有独得之见。启迪后人不浅。皆治药物学人不可不读之书。余若叶天士张隐庵陈修园喜言气
化。貌似高深。实则空谈。何裨实用。又若汪氏之备要。吴氏之从新。则仅于纲目中撮取一二。以为能事已足。实如
乞儿乍入宝山。舍珠玉而拾瓦石。不值识者一笑耳。（以上节录疡科纲要）惟何廉臣之实用药物学。按西法
分类。每品注明用量。体裁最喜。学人若照何氏分类。将本经逢源重加编辑。而以徐氏百种录附入。作为参考。则
众美咸具。允称善本。吾子既习本草。敢以是举之成功相期也。
〔十七〕东医东洞吉益曰。“名医别录言石膏性大寒。自后医者怖之。遂置而不用。仲景举白虎汤之证曰。无大
热。越婢汤之症亦云。而二方主用石膏。然则仲景之用是药。不以其性寒也。不难概见。余笃信而好古。为渴家而
无热者。投以石膏之剂。病良已。方炎暑之时。有患大渴。引饮而渴不止者。使服石膏末。烦渴顿止。石膏之治渴而
不足怖也。可以知已。”又曰。“后世以石膏为峻药。而怖之太甚。是不学之过也。仲景氏之用石膏。其量每多于
他药。恒半斤至一斤。盖以其气味俱薄故也。”斯与张锡纯石膏宜重用之论。若合符节。而一援本经。一征伤寒。
汇而观之。无余义矣。东洞又曰。“用之之法。只须打碎。近世以其性寒。用火 之。臆测之见。余无取焉。大凡制药
之法。制而倍毒则制之。去毒则不制。以毒外无能也。”观此。石膏之忌 用。东洞亦早见到。不待张锡纯之大声
疾呼。然亦足征识者所见略同。惟欲医林佥明斯义。医报宣传。犹病不广。最好刊成小册。到处分送。俾温热重候。
医生放胆重用。病家信服不疑。挽救民命。当必尤溥。世之慈善家。其以是言为然否。
〔十八〕客有询余曰。世俗谓牛乳性温助火。然乎否乎。曰。牛乳味甘气微寒。功能养心肺。润大肠。解热毒。泽
皮肤。主治消渴热哕劳损按三症皆原于火。而牛乳能治之。其性非温。灼然可见。矧陈藏器有“冷补”之明文乎。此
物润燥生津。为病后调理高年体虚唯一之补品。贱体阴虚火亢。饮用牛乳。将及一载。只蒙其益。未见其弊。此尤
足破俗说之谬矣。惟与酸物相反。误和食。令人腹中 结。饮牛乳者。不可不知。
〔十九〕大枣气温味甘。滋脾土而益气强力。润肺金而生津止咳。调荣卫。治泄泻。近世医家。多用红枣。惟鞠通
吴氏独持异议。谓“大枣色赤黑。味甘微酸。取其以补脾经血分之阴。去核使不走下焦。配以生姜。补胃中气分之
阳。一阴一阳之谓道。为中焦调和荣卫之要品。而今人多用红枣。本草纲目谓红枣理疏不入药。岂未之见耶。”
圭按黑枣味浓。补脾专长。红枣力薄。和胃最宜。佐参 以建中州。宜投黑枣。合生姜以和荣卫。当用红枣。且久饵
黑枣。有助湿热之弊。而红枣则否。细核二者功用。大同之中。不无小异。爰为分析如此。
〔二十〕羚羊角与犀牛角。皆为清凉剂。但犀角兼有强心作用。羚羊兼有镇痉作用。故高热而脉搏细数或促数
者宜犀角。高热而四肢搐搦者宜羚羊。古人认犀角为心药羚羊为肝药者以此。
〔二十一〕愚杭人。执教鞭于鄞南惠风国小。乙丑耶诞。应友人之召。赴镇海横河。便道谒师兄王仲生。为愚述夏
令所治湿温暑温诸症。佥以大冬瓜半枚。鲜青蒿一握为主。随证加佐使数味。浓煎一甑。一日或二日饮完。无不
立愈。按冬瓜寒能泻热。淡以渗湿。性通利便。兼解暑邪。青蒿苦寒清湿热。芬芳不伤脾。以疗暑温及湿温之热多
于湿者。确属针锋相对。矧鲜药味全。量重力专。迅奏肤功。可无疑义。爰为抉出。以视同道。
〔二十二〕产妇气血亏损。生产努力太过。或产后即行劳动。辄致子宫脱垂。西医对于此症。只用子宫托及外科
手术。爰将中医药方录左。藉供临床之借镜。
（一）人参（一钱） 炙黄 （三钱） 当归身（三钱） 川芎（六分） 清炙甘草（四分） 升麻（三分） 五
味子（五粒）
（二）蜜炙黄 （二钱） 土炒白术（一钱） 归身（三钱） 人参（一钱） 蜜炙升麻（三分） 炙甘草（五分）
陈皮（一钱） 生姜（一片） 红枣（二枚）
以上二方。以补益升提为主。盖原因疗法也。
〔二十三〕苏东坡诗。“主人劝我洗足眠。倒床不复闻钟鼓。”此诱导上部血液下行之法也。与元明粉（即硫酸钠）
之治喉痛。（见十九年中西医学报）清宁丸（即一味大黄酒制为丸）之治目赤。调胃丸（即大黄芒硝甘草为末蜜丸）之治
齿痛出血。（见玉枢微义）同一理由。
〔二十四〕方书治吐血痰血。多用藕节。而鲜有用藕者。余初以为新鲜之藕。其疗效必胜于干燥之节。凡用藕节
之方。允宜代以鲜藕取汁。方为合理。今乃知古人用藕节以止血。亦含有科学原理。未可一笔抹杀。遽斥其非。缘
藕之所以能治血症者。恃其所含多量单宁酸有愈合创面血管之效耳。藕中所含固富。但其节几全为单宁而
乏淀粉。收效自然更大也。
〔二十五〕随息居饮食谱载。“玉灵膏。一名代参膏。自剥好龙眼肉。盛竹筒式瓷碗内。每肉一两。入白洋糖一钱。
素体多火得。再入西洋参片如糖数。碗口幕以丝绵一层。日日于饭锅上蒸之。蒸至百次。凡衰羸老弱。别无痰火
便滑之病者。每以开水瀹服一匙。大补气血。力胜参 。产妇临盆。服之尤妙。”圭按龙眼本草着其功用为定志
安神。养心补血。列其主治为思虑劳伤心脾。译以西说。此物实为大脑之滋养药。对于神经衰弱。少寐善忘等症。
照上述蒸膏之法。长服无间。确有殊效。惟王氏赞为“大补气血。力胜参 。”未免言实两岐矣。
【保精汤】遗精日久则肾关不固。精气耗尽便会死亡。世人往往使用涩精的药物，所以无法救治。如果在病情尚未严重时，大量使用补精补气的药物，何至于此。芡实、真山药（各一两）、莲子（五钱）、茯神（二钱，炒制）、枣仁（三钱）、台党参（一钱），水煎服。先饮用药汤，然后加入白糖五钱，搅拌均匀，连同药渣一起服用。每天如此，不超过十天，即可停止梦遗。
（圭按）此方具有安神固精的作用，并稍兼滋补。久病体虚之人，长期服用此方，确实非常奇妙。
【盗汗】莲子、真浙江黑枣（各七个）、浮小麦、马料豆（各一合），水煎服。服用数次即可痊愈，效果如神。
【神仙鸭】治疗劳伤虚弱。无病的人食用，也能健脾益精，功效很大。乌嘴白鸭一只（去净毛剖开去除肠杂，不可用水煮；或用白毛老鸭也可以）、南枣（四十九枚，去核）、白果（四十九枚，去壳）、建莲（四十九粒，去心）、人参（一钱）、陈甜酒（三杯）、好酱油（二杯）。各物放入鸭肚内，不放水。用瓦钵装好封紧，蒸烂后制成丸剂。用陈酒送服。
（圭按）此方健脾固精，滋阴清热。肺痨、遗精等症都很适宜。以上五个方子，是我在阅览鲍氏《验方新编》时抄录保存的。（一）是补血剂。（二）是化痰剂。（三）是固精剂。（四）是敛汗剂。（五）是滋补剂。药物平和端正没有偏弊，方剂的应用也很广泛，所以转载于此。确实是家庭药箱中的良药。
〔十二〕清道光年间梁晋竹《秋雨庵随笔》记载：“诸城刘文正相国，食量是常人的两倍，蓄养一个青花大瓮，容量数升。每天早上吃半瓮白米饭，半瓮肉脍，搅拌均匀后食用，然后上朝办事。过了中午才退朝。同时期的尹望山相公，只吃一小碗莲米入朝，也是过了中午才退朝。然而两位公卿同享盛名，都达到了高寿。这就像宋代张仆射齐贤，每餐吃几斤肥肉，夹着胡饼，再吃黑神丸五六两，而同时期的晏元献却清瘦如削，只用筋卷起半叶饼，捏着头茎一根根吃。后来也都享有长寿。”圭按：四位公卿天赋禀赋特异，不能用常理衡量。然而进食过多或过少，都不是养生之道。据霍伊芳特氏制定的保健食物标准，中等壮年且从事中等劳动的人，每日需要给予蛋白质一一八克，脂肪五六克，含水碳水化合物五○○克，才算适当。但想要将每日所进菜饭精确估计其所含的营养成分，使之恰好如上数值，不仅在事实上难以办到，而且也没有多大意义。大约我们的食物，以糙米、麸麦为主，辅以少量肉类、蛋类、乳类、新鲜蔬菜、水果，每天进二三餐，每餐吃到八分饱，那么营养既不担心缺乏，肠胃也常保持健康。
〔十三〕西湖名胜甲天下，而醋溜鱼的名声，也与西子湖一同流传，远近皆知。凡是来杭州游览西湖的人，没有不品尝醋溜鱼美味的。考证此物是宋五嫂遗留的制作法，烹调得当，味道颇佳。番禺方橡坪孝廉有诗咏叹它：“小泊湖边五柳居。当筵举网得鲜鱼。味酸最爱银刀绘。河鲤河鲂总不如。”醋溜鱼是用鲩鱼和醋制成的。鲩鱼，补胃，使人肥健。虽然不如鳗鲡、鲥鱼营养丰富，能补虚劳，但消化迅速，味道清淡不腻，比起兽肉，确实胜一筹。病患、老人、小孩，食用都非常适宜。
〔十四〕偶然阅读浙江新闻千秋副刊刊载的张君关于何首乌的考正及虚伪一文，因而想起民国十七年在上海中医专门学校任教时，曾听顾惕生先生演讲肺痨病的食养疗法。顾氏曾经患肺痨，通过中药调理痊愈。他的儿子也患此病，延请西医治疗，最终未能挽救。所以他演讲的词句颇为推崇中医贬低西医。其实肺病无论中西医，都缺乏特效药，全靠调养得当，才能逐渐痊愈。调养的方面，中医不如西法完美。顾氏因为爱子夭折，悲愤之余，便说西医不善治痨，他的话虽然失之偏激，但演讲中所列举的治疗痨病的方药，确实属于经验有效，更觉珍贵。于是移录如下，以便患肺病的各位斟酌服用。“日本人又盛称何首乌治疗痨病，我也尝试服用。首乌与六味丸的主药地黄，都含有铁的有机化合物。服用首乌的方法，每首乌一斤，加茯苓半斤，咳嗽者加五味子半斤，求子者加枸杞半斤。中药不但让人治病，还让人有子，这是奇妙的。初服即食欲大增，超过常人，苦于粳米饭不耐饥，必须糯米饭才能吃饱。其后多服，效力也减退，才知道治疗痨病的方法，药物不如食养。”另外此物有调整大便的作用，患有习惯性便秘的人，取鲜首乌研末，蜜为丸，临睡前用淡盐汤送下三四钱，自然没有如厕挣扎的痛苦。
〔十五〕挚友黄劳逸，因研究国产药物，著称于世。曾经告诉我：鸡蛋的滋养价值，蛋黄胜于蛋白，消化吸收，也是蛋黄快于蛋白。所以讲究卫生的人，常常倾弃卵白。（因为卵白属于半可溶性，经高热即凝固，不易消化）专门取卵黄打松，调入即将起锅的粥中食用。每碗粥，可调入卵黄二枚，用来代替早餐。长期饮用不断，确实是体虚者的恩物。因为卵黄中含有大量的含磷脂肪、蛋白、维生素甲及戊，都是人身重要的营养素。只是此物生吃熟食都不适宜，最好半熟，所以需要用热粥调和。
〔十六〕客人询问我本草书的善本，我回答说：各家本草，常说《本经》言简意赅，精微处自有神妙莫测的作用。只是其文本高洁，多有含义未伸之处，非得慧心人悟彻隐微，得到真解，也最容易自趋歧途。所以后人解说药性的人，常有似是而非，演成幻景的弊端。等到唐代以后，本草越来越繁杂，主治更加完备，并非不明白畅晓，言之成理，有时足以补充《本经》所未及的，然而多数浮泛，难以尽信。甚至将《本经》旧说，另作解释，而失之毫厘，谬以千里，完全不是古人的本意的，所在多有。贻误后学，危害也很大。李濒湖的《纲目》，网罗一切，最为渊博，有时反而嫌其繁琐，然而罗列古籍，汇为一编，让学人自行抉择，可谓集其大成。以后的各家，缪氏的《经疏》，稍有发明，但时常失之平庸，似乎缺少精义。徐氏的《百种录》，文笔简明，阐发精当，最是上乘，可惜太少了，必然不够用。石顽的《逢源》，大有独得之见，启迪后人不浅，都是研究药物学的人不可不读的书。其余像叶天士、张隐庵、陈修园喜欢谈论气化，貌似高深，实则空谈，对实用有什么帮助？又像汪氏的《备要》、吴氏的《从新》，仅仅在《纲目》中撮取一二，以为能事已足，实在像乞丐突然进入宝山，舍弃珠玉而拾取瓦石，不值识者一笑罢了。（以上节录自《疡科纲要》）只有何廉臣的《实用药物学》，按照西法分类，每种注明用量，体裁我最喜欢。学人如果照何氏分类，将《本经》和《逢源》重新编辑，并将徐氏《百种录》附入作为参考，那么众美咸具，堪称善本。你既然学习本草，敢以此期望你成功。
〔十七〕东医家东洞吉益说：“《名医别录》说石膏性大寒，从此医者害怕它，于是放置不用。仲景提出白虎汤的证候说‘无大热’，越婢汤的症候也说类似的话，而这两个方子的主药都是石膏。然而仲景使用这个药，不是因为它性寒，不难概见。我笃信而好古，对于口渴但没有热象的人，投以石膏的药剂，病就好了。正值炎热酷暑之时，有大渴引饮而渴不止的患者，让他服用石膏末，烦渴顿时停止。石膏治疗口渴而不足惧怕，可以知道了。”又说：“后世把石膏当作峻药，而害怕得太厉害，这是不学习的过错。仲景氏使用石膏，其剂量往往多于其他药，经常半斤至一斤，大概是因为它气味俱薄的缘故。”这与张锡纯认为石膏宜重用的论点，若合符节，一个援引《本经》，一个征引《伤寒》，汇总观看，没有遗漏的含义了。东洞又说：“使用的方法，只需打碎。近世因为它的性寒，用火煅烧，这是臆测之见，我不采纳。大凡制药的方法，制而加倍毒性就制作它，去掉毒性就不制作，因为毒性之外没有其他作用。”看这些，石膏忌煅用的观点，东洞也早就看到了，不待张锡纯大声疾呼。但也足以证明见识相同的人见解略同。只想让医林都明白这个道理，医报宣传，还担心不够广泛。最好刊印成小册子，到处分发，使温热重症时，医生放胆重用，病人信服不疑，挽救民众生命，应当必定更加普遍。世上的慈善家，认为这话对吗？
〔十八〕客人问我：“世俗认为牛乳性温助火，是这样吗？”我说：“牛乳味甘气微寒，功能养心肺，润大肠，解热毒，泽皮肤。主治消渴、热哕、劳损。按这三种症状都原于火，而牛乳能治疗它们，其性非温，明显可见。况且陈藏器有‘冷补’的明文呢。此物润燥生津，是病后调理、高龄体虚唯一的补品。我身体阴虚火亢，饮用牛乳，将近一年，只蒙受益处，未见弊端。这尤其足以破除俗说的谬误了。只是与酸物相反，误混合食用，令人腹中结块。饮牛乳的人，不可不知道。”
〔十九〕大枣气温味甘，滋脾土而益气强力，润肺金而生津止咳，调荣卫，治泄泻。近世医家，多用红枣。只有鞠通吴氏独自持异议，说“大枣色赤黑，味甘微酸，取其以补脾经血分之阴，去核使其不走下焦，配以生姜，补胃中气分之阳，一阴一阳之谓道，是中焦调和荣卫的要品。而今人多用红枣，《本草纲目》说红枣理疏不入药，难道没看见吗？”圭按：黑枣味浓，补脾专长；红枣力薄，和胃最宜。佐人参黄芪以建中州，宜投黑枣；合生姜以和荣卫，当用红枣。而且久服黑枣，有助湿热之弊，而红枣则没有。仔细核查二者功用，大同之中，不无小异。于是分析如此。
〔二十〕羚羊角与犀牛角，都是清凉剂。但犀角兼有强心作用，羚羊角兼有镇痉作用。所以高热而脉搏细数或促数的宜用犀角，高热而四肢搐搦的宜用羚羊角。古人认为犀角是心药，羚羊角是肝药，就是基于此。
〔二十一〕我是杭州人，在鄞南惠风国小执教鞭。乙丑耶诞，应朋友召唤，赴镇海横河，顺路拜访师兄王仲生，他为我讲述夏季治疗的湿温、暑温诸症，都以大冬瓜半枚、鲜青蒿一握为主，随证加佐使数味，浓煎一甑，一日或二日饮完，无不立即痊愈。按：冬瓜寒能泻热，淡以渗湿，性通利便，兼解暑邪。青蒿苦寒清湿热，芬芳不伤脾。用来治疗暑温及湿温之热多于湿的，确实属针锋相对。况且鲜药味全，量重力专，迅速奏效，毫无疑问。于是抉出，以视同道。
〔二十二〕产妇气血亏损，生产努力太过，或产后即行劳动，辄致子宫脱垂。西医对此症，只用子宫托及外科手术。于是将中医药方录左，藉供临床之借镜。
（一）人参（一钱）、炙黄芪（三钱）、当归身（三钱）、川芎（六分）、清炙甘草（四分）、升麻（三分）、五味子（五粒）。
（二）蜜炙黄芪（二钱）、土炒白术（一钱）、归身（三钱）、人参（一钱）、蜜炙升麻（三分）、炙甘草（五分）、陈皮（一钱）、生姜（一片）、红枣（二枚）。
以上二方，以补益升提为主，盖原因疗法也。
〔二十三〕苏东坡诗：“主人劝我洗足眠。倒床不复闻钟鼓。”这是诱导上部血液下行之法。与元明粉（即硫酸钠）之治喉痛。（见十九年中西医学报）、清宁丸（即一味大黄酒制为丸）之治目赤、调胃丸（即大黄芒硝甘草为末蜜丸）之治齿痛出血。（见《玉枢微义》）同一理由。
〔二十四〕方书治吐血痰血，多用藕节，而鲜有用藕者。我起初以为新鲜的藕，其疗效必胜于干燥的节。凡用藕节的方，允宜代以鲜藕取汁，方为合理。现在才知道古人用藕节以止血，也含有科学原理，不可一笔抹杀，遽斥其非。缘藕之所以能治血症者，恃其所含多量单宁酸有愈合创面血管之效耳。藕中所含固富，但其节几全为单宁而乏淀粉，收效自然更大也。
〔二十五〕《随息居饮食谱》载：“玉灵膏，一名代参膏。自剥好龙眼肉，盛竹筒式瓷碗内，每肉一两，入白洋糖一钱。素体多火者，再入西洋参片如糖数。碗口幕以丝绵一层，日日于饭锅上蒸之。蒸至百次。凡衰羸老弱，别无痰火便滑之病者，每以开水瀹服一匙，大补气血，力胜参芪。产妇临盆，服之尤妙。”圭按：龙眼本草著其功用为定志安神，养心补血。列其主治为思虑劳伤心脾。译以西说，此物实为大脑之滋养药。对于神经衰弱、少寐善忘等症，照上述蒸膏之法，长服无间，确有殊效。只是王氏赞为“大补气血，力胜参芪。”未免言实两岐矣。
[Baojing Tang (Preserve Essence Decoction)] Prolonged seminal emission leads to the failure of the Kidney gate to close. Exhaustion of essence results in death. People often use astringent herbs for essence, which is why they cannot be saved. If, when the condition has not become too severe, one uses large doses of herbs to tonify essence and Qi, how could it reach this state? Qianshi (Euryales Semen), Zhen Shanyao (Dioscoreae Rhizoma) (each 1 liang), Lianzi (Nelumbinis Semen) (5 qian), Fushen (Poria with Hostwood) (2 qian, stir-fried), Zaoren (Zizyphi Semen) (3 qian), Ta Dangshen (Codonopsis Radix) (1 qian). Decoct in water and take orally. Drink the decoction first, then add 5 qian of white sugar, mix well, and consume together with the dregs. Do this daily. Within ten days, nocturnal emissions will cease.
(Gui's Note: This formula calms the mind and secures essence, with slight tonifying properties. For those with chronic illness and deficiency, long-term administration of this formula is indeed excellent.)
[Nocturnal Sweating] Lianzi (Nelumbinis Semen), Zhen Zhejiang Heizao (Jujubae Fructus Niger from Zhejiang) (each 7 pieces), Xiaomai (Tritici Fructus), Mliaodou (Glycines Sojae Fructus) (each 1 he). Decoct in water and take orally. Complete recovery after several doses; the effect is miraculous.
[Shenxian Ya (Immortal Duck)] Treats exhaustion and weakness caused by overwork. Even healthy people who eat it can strengthen the Spleen and benefit essence, with great efficacy. One black-billed white duck (remove feathers, split open, remove entrails; do not boil in water; alternatively, an old white-feathered duck may be used), Nan Zao (Jujubae Fructus) (49 pieces, pitted), Baiguo (Ginkgonis Semen) (49 pieces, shelled), Jianlian (Nelumbinis Plumula) (49 grains, heart removed), Renshen (Ginseng Radix) (1 qian), Chen Tianjiu (Aged Sweet Wine) (3 cups), Hao Jiangyou (Good Soy Sauce) (2 cups). Place all ingredients inside the duck cavity without adding water. Seal tightly in a clay pot and steam until soft. Form into pills. Take with aged wine.
(Gui's Note: This formula strengthens the Spleen, secures essence, nourishes Yin, and clears heat. It is quite suitable for pulmonary tuberculosis and seminal emission. The above five formulas were copied and preserved by me while reading Bao Shi's "Yanfang Xinbian" (New Compilation of Verified Prescriptions). (1) Is a blood-tonifying agent. (2) Is a phlegm-resolving agent. (3) Is an essence-securing agent. (4) Is a sweating-astringing agent. (5) Is a tonic agent. The herbs are mild and balanced without bias, and the applications of the formulas are broad, so I reprint them here. They are truly medicines worthy of a family medicine cabinet.)
[12] Liang Jinzhu's "Qiuyu An Suibi" (Random Notes from the Autumn Rain Studio) during the Daoguang reign of the Qing Dynasty records: "Prime Minister Liu Wenzheng of Zhucheng had an appetite twice that of ordinary people. He kept a large blue-and-white porcelain jar with a capacity of several sheng. Every morning, he ate half a jar of white rice mixed with half a jar of minced meat, stirred evenly, before going to court to handle affairs. He returned after noon. At the same time, Prime Minister Yin Wangshan went to court eating only a small bowl of lotus seeds and also returned after noon. Yet both gentlemen enjoyed great fame and reached advanced age. This is like Zhang Puyshe Qixian of the Song Dynasty, who ate several jin of fatty pork per meal, accompanied by Hu bing (sesame flatbread) and 5-7 liang of Heishen Wan (Black Divine Pill), while Yan Yuanxian of the same period was as thin as a blade, eating only half a leaf of bing rolled with a stick, nibbling it stem by stem. In the end, both enjoyed longevity." Gui notes: The four gentlemen had unique constitutions and cannot be judged by common standards. However, eating too much or too little is not the way of health preservation. According to the dietary standards set by Hoifangte, a moderately strong adult engaged in moderate labor requires 118 grams of protein, 5-6 grams of fat, and 500 grams of carbohydrates daily to be appropriate. But precisely estimating the nutritional content of every meal to match these numbers is not only difficult in practice but also lacks significant meaning. Generally, our diet should focus on brown rice and bran wheat, supplemented by small amounts of meat, eggs, dairy, fresh vegetables, and fruits. Eating two or three meals a day, stopping at 80% fullness, ensures adequate nutrition and maintains gastrointestinal health.
[13] West Lake's scenery is unparalleled, and the reputation of Vinegar-Glazed Fish spreads alongside the West Lake, known far and wide. Anyone visiting Hangzhou to tour West Lake invariably tastes its deliciousness. Research shows this dish originates from the recipe of Song Wusao, prepared skillfully with good taste. Fang Xiangping, a Xiaojuan from Panyu, wrote a poem about it: "Mooring briefly by the lake near the Five Willows' dwelling, / Casting nets at the table to catch fresh fish. / Sour flavor delights most in silver-knife carp, / River carp and bream are inferior." Vinegar-glazed fish is made from Grass Carp (Huan Yu) and vinegar. Grass Carp tonifies the Stomach and promotes robustness. Although it does not nourish as richly as Eel or Hilsa herring to treat deficiency and consumption, it digests rapidly, has a clear taste without greasiness, and surpasses beast meat. It is suitable for patients, the elderly, and children.
[14] Reading an article in the "Qianqiu Supplement" of the Zhejiang News regarding Zhang Jun's correction and refutation of Polygonum multiflorum (Heshouwu), I recalled listening to Mr. Gu Tisheng lecture on dietary therapy for Pulmonary Tuberculosis (Feilao) when teaching at the Shanghai College of Traditional Chinese Medicine in the 17th year of the Republic of China. Mr. Gu suffered from pulmonary tuberculosis himself and recovered through TCM regulation. His son also suffered from this disease and was treated by Western medicine but ultimately died. Thus, his lecture favored TCM over Western medicine. In fact, whether TCM or Western medicine, there is no specific effective drug for lung disease; recovery relies entirely on proper care. Regarding care, TCM is not as perfect as Western methods. Due to the tragic loss of his son, Mr. Gu, in his grief and anger, claimed Western medicine was poor at treating consumption. Although his words were biased, the prescriptions listed in his lecture were indeed empirically effective and precious. Therefore, I transcribe them below for lung patients to consider using: "Japanese people praise Polygonum multiflorum for treating consumption. I also tried taking it. Both Polygonum multiflorum and Rehmannia (Dihuang), the main herb in Liuwei Wan, contain organic iron compounds. The method for taking Polygonum multiflorum is: for every 1 jin of Polygonum multiflorum, add 0.5 jin of Poria (Fuling); if coughing, add 0.5 jin of Schisandra (Wuweizi); if seeking offspring, add 0.5 jin of Goji berry (Gouqi). TCM not only cures disease but also enables procreation, which is miraculous. Initially, appetite increases significantly, exceeding normal levels; coarse rice is insufficient to satisfy hunger, requiring glutinous rice to feel full. With prolonged use, efficacy diminishes, revealing that for treating consumption, food therapy is superior to drugs." Additionally, this herb regulates bowel movements. For those with habitual constipation, take fresh Polygonum multiflorum, grind into powder, form pills with honey, and take 3-4 qian with light salt water before sleep, eliminating the struggle of defecation.
[15] My close friend Huang Laoyi is famous for researching domestic drugs. He once told me: The nutritional value of chicken eggs lies more in the yolk than the white; digestion and absorption are also faster for the yolk. Therefore, health-conscious people often discard the egg white. (Because egg white is semi-soluble and coagulates easily under high heat, making it hard to digest.) They specifically take the yolk, beat it loose, and mix it into porridge just before it boils. For each bowl of porridge, two yolks can be added to replace breakfast. Long-term consumption is a blessing for the weak. This is because egg yolk contains large amounts of phospholipids, protein, Vitamin A, and Vitamin E, which are important nutrients for the human body. However, raw or fully cooked forms are not ideal; semi-cooked is best, hence mixing with hot porridge.
[16] A guest asked me for the best editions of Materia Medica. I replied: Various Materia Medicas claim that the "Shennong Bencao Jing" (Divine Farmer's Materia Medica) is concise and profound, with mysterious effects in its subtleties. However, its text is lofty, often leaving meanings unexpressed. Without insightful understanding of hidden nuances, one easily goes astray. Thus, later commentators on herb properties often present plausible but incorrect theories, leading to illusions. Since the Tang Dynasty, Materia Medicas have become increasingly complex, with more indications. While some are clear and logical, supplementing the "Bencao Jing," many are superficial and unreliable. Some reinterpret old theories from the "Bencao Jing," deviating slightly and causing huge errors, completely missing the ancients' intent, misleading students and causing great harm. Li Shizhen's "Bencao Gangmu" (Compendium of Materia Medica) gathers everything and is the most comprehensive, though sometimes criticized for being too verbose. By compiling ancient texts into one volume, allowing students to choose, it achieves greatness. Later works like Mu Zhen's "Jingshu" offer some insights but are often mediocre and lack depth. Xu Dachun's "Baizhong Lu" is concise and precise, reaching the highest level, but is too short to be sufficient. Shi Zongyan's "Fengyuan" has unique insights and greatly inspires students; these are essential reads for pharmacology scholars. Others like Ye Tianshi, Zhang Yin'an, and Chen Xiuyuan discuss Qi transformation, appearing profound but being empty talk with little practical use. Works like Wang's "Beiyao" and Wu's "Congxin" merely excerpt bits from the "Gangmu," thinking they have achieved enough, like beggars entering a treasure mountain, discarding pearls for stones, unworthy of a scholar's smile. (Excerpted from "Yangke Gangyao") Only He Lianchen's "Shiyong Yaowuxue" (Practical Pharmacology), classified by Western methods with dosages noted, has a format I prefer. If students follow He's classification, re-edit the "Bencao Jing" and "Fengyuan," and append Xu's "Baizhong Lu" for reference, combining all merits, it would be an excellent edition. Since you study Materia Medica, I dare to expect your success with this approach.
[17] Dongyi physician Dongdong Ji Yi said: "'Mingyi BieLu' states Gypsum (Shigao) is very cold. Since then, physicians feared it and stopped using it. Zhongjing described the Baihu Tang syndrome as 'no great heat,' and the Yuespi Tang syndrome similarly, yet both formulas use Gypsum as the chief herb. Thus, Zhongjing's use of this herb was not because it is cold, which is evident. I am faithful to antiquity. For thirst without heat signs, I administer Gypsum preparations, and the illness resolves. During intense summer heat, a patient suffered extreme thirst despite drinking, which did not stop. Giving him Gypsum powder stopped the vexatious thirst immediately. Gypsum treats thirst and need not be feared." He also said: "Later generations regarded Gypsum as a harsh drug and feared it excessively, which is a fault of ignorance. Zhongjing used Gypsum in larger quantities than other herbs, often half to one jin, probably because its aroma and flavor are thin." This aligns perfectly with Zhang Xichun's argument for heavy use of Gypsum; one cites the "Bencao Jing," the other the "Shanghan Lun." Together, they leave no room for doubt. Dongdong further said: "The method of use is simply to crush it. Recent times, due to its cold nature, people calcine it with fire, which is speculative and unacceptable. Generally, processing herbs: if processing doubles toxicity, process it; if it removes toxicity, do not process it, as there is nothing else to control." From this, we see Dongdong recognized the contraindication of calcining Gypsum long before Zhang Xichun's loud advocacy. It proves that experts share similar views. To ensure all physicians understand this, medical journals should promote it widely. Printing small booklets for distribution would allow doctors to boldly use heavy doses for severe warm diseases, gaining patient trust, thereby saving lives. Would charitable individuals agree with this statement?
[18] A guest asked me: "Secular opinion holds that cow's milk is warm and aids fire. Is this true?" I said: "Cow's milk is sweet in taste and slightly cold in nature. It nourishes the Heart and Lungs, moistens the Large Intestine, clears heat and toxins, and benefits the skin. It treats polydipsia, heat-induced hiccup, and consumptive damage. Since these three symptoms originate from fire, and cow's milk treats them, its nature is clearly not warm. Moreover, Chen Cangqi explicitly mentions 'cold tonification.' This herb moistens dryness and generates fluids, serving as the sole tonic for post-illness recovery and elderly deficiency. My own Yin deficiency with hyperactive fire has benefited from drinking cow's milk for nearly a year, seeing only benefits, no drawbacks. This sufficiently disproves the fallacy of popular belief. However, it conflicts with sour substances; mixing them causes abdominal knotting. Those drinking cow's milk must know this."
[19] Jujube (Dazao) is warm in nature and sweet in taste. It nourishes Spleen Earth, boosts Qi and strength, moistens Lung Metal, generates fluids, stops cough, harmonizes Ying and Wei, and treats diarrhea. Modern physicians mostly use red jujubes. Only Ju Tong (Wu Jutong) dissented, stating: "Jujubes are dark red/black, sweet with slight sourness. Use them to tonify the Yin of the Blood aspect of the Spleen meridian. Removing the pit prevents descent to the Lower Jiao. Paired with Ginger, it tonifies the Yang of the Qi aspect of the Stomach. This is the Dao of Yin and Yang, a key item for harmonizing Ying and Wei in the Middle Jiao. Yet modern people use red jujubes. The 'Bencao Gangmu' says red jujubes are rough and unsuitable for medicine. Have they not seen this?" Gui notes: Black jujubes have a strong flavor and specialize in tonifying the Spleen; red jujubes are milder and best for harmonizing the Stomach. When assisting Ginseng and Astragalus to build the Middle Jiao, black jujubes are preferred. When combining with Ginger to harmonize Ying and Wei, red jujubes should be used. Furthermore, long-term consumption of black jujubes may contribute to damp-heat, whereas red jujubes do not. Careful examination reveals minor differences amidst major similarities. Thus, the analysis is as follows.
[20] Antelope Horn (Lingyangjiao) and Rhinoceros Horn (Xijiaojiao) are both cooling agents. However, Rhinoceros Horn additionally strengthens the Heart, while Antelope Horn additionally calms spasms. Therefore, for high fever with fine, rapid, or surging pulse, Rhinoceros Horn is suitable; for high fever with limb convulsions, Antelope Horn is suitable. The ancients considered Rhinoceros Horn a Heart herb and Antelope Horn a Liver herb based on this.
[21] I am from Hangzhou, teaching at Huifeng National Primary School in Yinnan. On Christmas Eve of the Yichou year, invited by a friend, I traveled to Henghe, Zhenhai, and visited my senior brother Wang Zhongsheng en route. He described treatments for damp-warmth and summer-warmth syndromes in summer, primarily using half a large winter melon and a handful of fresh Artemisia annua (Qinghao). Depending on symptoms, a few accessory herbs were added. Decocted strongly in one vessel, consumed within one or two days, resulting in immediate recovery. Winter melon is cold to drain heat, bland to leach out dampness, promotes urination and bowel movement, and resolves summer pathogens. Qinghao is bitter and cold, clearing damp-heat, aromatic without damaging the Spleen. Treating summer-warmth and damp-warmth where heat exceeds dampness is precisely targeted. Moreover, fresh herbs retain full flavor, have potent dosage and effect, acting swiftly. This is undeniable. I extract this to show colleagues.
[22] Postpartum women suffer Qi and Blood depletion. Excessive effort during delivery or labor immediately after birth often leads to uterine prolapse. Western medicine uses uterine supports and surgery for this condition. Here are TCM formulas for clinical reference.
(1) Renshen (Ginseng Radix) (1 qian), Zhi Huangqi (Astragali Radix, honey-fried) (3 qian), Dangguishen (Angelicae Sinensis Radix, root body) (3 qian), Chuanxiong (Ligustici Chuanxiong Rhizoma) (6 fen), Qing Zhi Gancao (Licorice Radix et Rhizoma, clear-fried) (4 fen), Shengma (Cimicifugae Rhizoma) (3 fen), Wuweizi (Schisandrae Chinensis Fructus) (5 grains).
(2) Mi Zhi Huangqi (Astragali Radix, honey-fried) (2 qian), Tu Chao Baizhu (Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma, soil-fried) (1 qian), Guishen (Angelicae Sinensis Radix, root body) (3 qian), Renshen (Ginseng Radix) (1 qian), Mi Zhi Shengma (Cimicifugae Rhizoma, honey-fried) (3 fen), Zhi Gancao (Licorice Radix et Rhizoma, fried) (5 fen), Chenpi (Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium) (1 qian), Shengjiang (Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens) (1 slice), Hongzao (Jujubae Fructus) (2 pieces).
Both formulas focus on tonifying and lifting, addressing the root cause.
[23] Su Dongpo's poem: "The host urges me to wash my feet and sleep; / Lying down, I no longer hear the bells." This is a method to guide upper-body blood downward. It shares the same principle as Yuanmingfen (Sodium Sulfate) treating sore throat (see 19th Year Sino-Western Medical Journal), Qingning Wan (Rhubarb pills) treating red eyes, and Tiaowei Wan (Rhubarb, Mirabilite, Licorice powder honey-pills) treating toothache and bleeding gums (see "Yushu Wei Yi").
[24] Medical books often use Lotus Node (Oujie) to treat hematemesis and hemoptysis, rarely using fresh Lotus Root (Ou). I initially thought fresh lotus root would be more effective than dried nodes. Any formula using nodes should ideally be replaced by fresh lotus root juice. Now I realize the ancients' use of nodes for hemostasis contains scientific principles and cannot be dismissed. The reason lotus treats blood disorders is its high tannic acid content, which heals wound vessels. While lotus root contains much, the nodes are almost entirely tannin with little starch, thus achieving greater effect.
[25] "Suixiju Yinshi Pu" records: "Yuling Gao, also known as Daishen Gao. Peel longan flesh, place in bamboo tube or ceramic bowl. For every 1 liang of flesh, add 1 qian of white sugar. For those with innate excess heat, add American Ginseng slices equal to the amount of sugar. Cover the bowl mouth with silk cotton. Steam daily over the rice cooker until steamed 100 times. For frail, elderly, and weak persons without phlegm-fire or loose stools, take one spoon dissolved in boiling water. Greatly tonifies Qi and Blood, surpassing Ginseng and Astragalus. Especially wonderful for parturient women." Gui notes: Materia Medica describes Longan's functions as stabilizing will, calming the mind, nourishing the Heart, and tonifying Blood. Its indications include worry and overthinking damaging Heart and Spleen. Translated to Western terms, this herb is a brain nutrient. For neurasthenia, insomnia, and forgetfulness, long-term use according to the steaming method yields remarkable effects. However, Wang's praise of "greatly tonifying Qi and Blood, surpassing Ginseng and Astragalus" seems exaggerated and contradictory to reality.