外热与内热不同。外热者，身终日发热，或拘束肢冷，有青涕咳嗽，头痛鼻塞之象，内则脉浮而不渴，此外
解之症也。不可用凉药，宜荆防散表之，得汗自愈。内热者，如夜热潮热，昼轻夜重，病最缠绵，或口渴，或腹
胀，或盗汗，其症有因伤食停痞，伏燥伏火，阴虚阳虚等异，宜分别而治，此内解之症也，不可用表药。伤食者，
保和丸加地骨皮消之；停痞者，和中丸加鳖甲、牡蛎消之；伏燥者，贝母栝楼散润之，伏火者，黄芩芍药汤加
山栀、丹皮等清之；阴虚者，蒿皮四物汤退之；阳虚者，四君子汤养之。此等热必伤阴，口渐削瘦，成为疳痨，慎之。
方脉中有中寒中暑诸症，时医混以为中风，东垣、景岳以非风别之善矣。幼科有急惊风、慢惊风二症，不惟惊
字全无干涉，即风字亦未可混称，乃自有惊风之名，而滥以丸子相投，从此小儿之遭其劫者，不知万万矣。试思
惊字何解，凡受吓者，谓之惊。吓者神魂失守，心神恍惚，惕惕悸动，唯心虚者易犯。此在方脉中亦有之，幼科
中大惊猝恐一症即此候也。是真惊也，故用药以人参、五味、枣仁、丹参等安神定魄为主，断无有攻痰散风而能
治惊症者。且风字亦有二义，在外感则为风邪，宜用表散；在内病则为肝风，宜用镇息。今混言之曰风，究竟外
风乎？内风乎？治外风之药，不可以治肝，治肝风之药，不可以解表，甚矣哉！其混也。盖时俗所谓急惊风者，
痰火闭也。小儿受暑热，则生火，乳积则生痰，痰火相搏，则血虚而肝失所养。肝主筋，筋脉肝热，则抽搐，故外
作拘挛，面现青色，是肝燥而风内动，非
外风也。是痰火闭其窍，而目窜牙紧发厥，非吓惊也。但利其窍，清其火，降其痰，则神醒矣。此症即不医亦能
自醒，而漫以惊风之名可乎？世俗所谓慢惊风者，脾虚生风也。小儿或吐、或泻，久则脾虚，肝木乘之，手足微
搐，是内风侮土，非外风也。阳衰神怠，气息短促，是中风脱之，非惊吓也。宜补其脾，回其阳，则土振而木静
矣。此症不补必死，而谬以惊风名之可乎？故急惊实为火症，慢惊为虚寒症，如水火然。治急惊药，不可以治慢，
治慢惊药，不可以治急，而世俗竟有以一粒丹名之曰治急慢惊风，欺人乎？欺天乎？兹特并揭之曰非惊，而分为痰火闭
症，木侮土症，则为实，为虚，各当求其病源而治之，而小儿庶不至于枉死。
外热与内热是不同的。所谓外热，表现为整天身体发热，或者四肢拘紧发冷，伴有清鼻涕、咳嗽、头痛和鼻塞等症状，脉象浮而口不渴，这是表证（邪气在体表）的表现。此时不可使用寒凉药物，适宜用荆防散来解表，出汗后自然痊愈。
所谓内热，表现为夜间潮热或定时发热，白天轻晚上重，病情最为缠绵难愈；或者口渴，或者腹胀，或者盗汗。这些症状有的因饮食停滞导致痞块，有的因伏燥、伏火引起，有的是阴虚或阳虚所致，情况各异，应当分别治疗，这是里证（病邪在体内）的表现，不可使用解表药。如果是伤食引起的，用保和丸加地骨皮来消导积滞；如果是停痞（食积阻滞），用和中丸加鳖甲、牡蛎来软坚消积；如果是伏燥，用贝母栝楼散来润燥；如果是伏火，用黄芩芍药汤加山栀、丹皮等来清热；如果是阴虚，用蒿皮四物汤来滋阴退热；如果是阳虚，用四君子汤来温补阳气。这类热证必然损伤阴液，导致口唇逐渐消瘦，最终形成疳痨（小儿慢性消耗性疾病），务必谨慎对待。
在内科脉诊中，有中寒、中暑等各种病症，当时的医生混淆将其诊断为中风，李东垣、张景岳将其辨认为“非风”，这种做法是非常好的。儿科中有急惊风和慢惊风两种病症，这不但与“惊”字毫无关系，就连“风”字也不应混用。然而因为有了惊风这个名称，就滥用丸药投治，从此遭受这种误治劫害的小儿，不知有多少万之多。试问“惊”字作何解释？凡是受到惊吓的，才叫做惊。惊吓会导致神魂失守，心神恍惚，恐惧悸动，只有心气虚弱的人才容易犯此病。这在内科中也有这种情况，儿科中的“大惊猝恐”这一症候就是此类。这才是真正的惊，所以用药应以人参、五味子、酸枣仁、丹参等安神定魄的药物为主，绝对没有通过攻逐痰浊、疏散风邪就能治疗惊症的。
况且“风”字也有两层含义：在外感病中指的是风邪，适宜用解表发散的方法；在内伤病中指的是肝风，适宜用镇静止痉的方法。现在混称为“风”，究竟是指外风还是内风呢？治疗外风的药物，不能用来治疗肝病；治疗肝风的药物，不能用来解表，这真是太混乱了！大概世俗所说的急惊风，实际上是痰火闭阻。小儿感受暑热则生火，乳食积滞则生痰，痰火相互搏结，导致血虚而肝失所养。肝主筋，若肝经有热，筋脉就会抽搐，所以外表出现拘挛，面色发青，这是肝燥而风从内生，并非外风。这是痰火闭阻了窍道，导致眼睛上窜、牙关紧闭、昏厥，并非受惊吓所致。只要开通窍道，清除火热，降下痰浊，神志就会清醒。这种病症即使不治疗也能自行清醒，怎么能随意冠以惊风之名呢？
世俗所说的慢惊风，是脾虚生风。小儿如果呕吐或腹泻久了，就会导致脾虚，肝木乘虚克制脾土，出现手足轻微抽搐，这是内风侮犯脾土，并非外风。阳气衰微，精神倦怠，气息短促，这是中风脱证的危象，并非惊吓所致。应当补益脾气，回阳救逆，那么脾土强健而肝木自静。这种病症如果不补益必然死亡，怎么能错误地命名为惊风呢？所以急惊实际上是火证，慢惊是虚寒证，就像水和火一样截然不同。治疗急惊的药，不能用来治疗慢惊；治疗慢惊的药，不能用来治疗急惊。然而世俗竟有一种丹药名叫“治急慢惊风”，这是欺骗人呢？还是欺骗天呢？特此一并揭示其名为“非惊”，并将其分为痰火闭阻症和木侮土症，根据实证和虚证的不同，各自探求病源进行治疗，这样小儿才不至于枉死。
Exterior heat and interior heat are distinct. Exterior heat is characterized by continuous fever throughout the day, or limb stiffness with coldness, accompanied by symptoms such as clear nasal discharge, cough, headache, and nasal congestion. Internally, the pulse is floating without thirst; this is a syndrome of exterior resolution (pathogenic factors located in the body surface). Cold-natured medicines should not be used; instead, Jingfang San (Schizonepeta and Saposhnikovia Powder) should be employed to release the exterior. Recovery occurs naturally after sweating.
Interior heat manifests as tidal fever at night or periodic fever that is lighter during the day and heavier at night; the condition is most lingering and difficult to cure. Symptoms may include thirst, abdominal distension, or night sweats. These syndromes vary depending on whether they are caused by food stagnation leading to palpable masses, latent dryness, latent fire, yin deficiency, or yang deficiency. They must be treated separately; this is a syndrome of interior resolution (pathogenic factors located within the body), and exterior-releasing medicines should not be used. For food stagnation, Baohe Wan (Preserve Harmony Pill) plus Goubipi (Cortex Lycii) is used to resolve stagnation; for food retention causing masses, Hezhong Wan (Harmonize the Middle Pill) plus Biejia (Carapax Trionycis) and Muli (Concha Ostreae) is used to dissipate masses; for latent dryness, Beimu Gualou San (Fritillaria and Trichosanthes Powder) is used to moisten; for latent fire, Huangqin Shaoyao Tang (Scutellaria and Peony Decoction) plus Shanzhi (Fructus Gardeniae) and Danpi (Cortex Moutan) is used to clear heat; for yin deficiency, Aopi Siwu Tang (Lycium Bark and Four Substances Decoction) is used to retreat heat by nourishing yin; for yang deficiency, Sijunzi Tang (Four Gentlemen Decoction) is used to nourish yang. Such heat inevitably damages yin, leading to gradual emaciation of the mouth and face, eventually forming Gan Lao (infantile malnutrition and consumption disease); caution is required.
In internal medicine pulse diagnosis, there are various syndromes such as cold damage and heatstroke. Contemporary physicians often confuse these with Zhongfeng (Wind Stroke). Li Dongyuan and Zhang Jingyue correctly distinguished them as Feifeng (Non-Wind), which was an excellent approach. In pediatrics, there are two syndromes called Jijing Feng (Acute Convulsive Wind) and Manjing Feng (Chronic Convulsive Wind). These have no relation to the character "Jing" (Fright), nor should the character "Feng" (Wind) be loosely applied. However, due to the existence of the name "Convulsive Wind," pills are indiscriminately administered, resulting in countless pediatric casualties from such mismanagement. Consider what "Jing" means: it refers to fright. Fright causes the loss of spiritual control, mental confusion, fear, and palpitations, affecting only those with heart qi deficiency. This also occurs in internal medicine; the pediatric syndrome of sudden severe fright corresponds to this pattern. This is true fright, so treatment should primarily use herbs such as Renshen (Radix Ginseng), Wuweizi (Fructus Schisandrae), Zaoren (Semen Ziziphi Spinosae), and Danshen (Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae) to calm the spirit and stabilize the soul. There is absolutely no method of resolving phlegm or dispersing wind that can treat fright syndromes.
Furthermore, "Feng" (Wind) has two meanings: in exogenous diseases, it refers to Wind Pathogen, which requires exterior-releasing methods; in endogenous diseases, it refers to Liver Wind, which requires calming and extinguishing methods. Now, confusingly calling it all "Wind," one must ask: is it exterior wind or interior wind? Medicines for exterior wind cannot treat liver conditions, and medicines for liver wind cannot release the exterior. How chaotic this is! The so-called Acute Convulsive Wind in popular understanding is actually Phlegm-Fire Obstruction. When children contract summer-heat, fire is generated; when milk accumulates, phlegm is produced. Phlegm and fire struggle against each other, leading to blood deficiency and liver malnourishment. The liver governs the sinews; if liver heat affects the sinews, convulsions occur. Thus, exterior manifestations include stiffness and cyanotic complexion, indicating dry liver and internally generated wind, not exterior wind. This is phlegm-fire obstructing the orifices, causing eye deviation, clenched teeth, and syncope, not fright. By opening the orifices, clearing fire, and descending phlegm, consciousness will return. This syndrome can recover spontaneously even without treatment; how can it be improperly named Convulsive Wind?
The so-called Chronic Convulsive Wind in popular understanding is Wind generated by Spleen Deficiency. If children suffer from vomiting or diarrhea for a long time, spleen deficiency results, allowing Liver Wood to overact upon Spleen Earth, causing slight twitching of hands and feet. This is interior wind insulting Earth, not exterior wind. Yang decline and mental fatigue with short breath indicate the collapse syndrome of Wind Stroke, not fright. Treatment should tonify the spleen and restore yang, thereby strengthening Earth and calming Wood. This syndrome will lead to death if not tonified; how can it be erroneously named Convulsive Wind? Therefore, Acute Convulsion is essentially a Fire Syndrome, while Chronic Convulsion is a Deficient-Cold Syndrome, just as water and fire differ. Medicines for acute convulsion cannot treat chronic convulsion, and vice versa. Yet, there exists a pill named "Treatment for Acute and Chronic Convulsive Wind." Is this deceiving people or Heaven? Hereby, I expose this fallacy as "Non-Fright," classifying them into Phlegm-Fire Obstruction Syndrome and Wood Insulting Earth Syndrome. Treating them according to excess or deficiency and seeking their root causes will prevent unnecessary deaths among children.