○小儿呕吐难以概举有冷吐热吐积吐伤乳吐朱奉议以半夏生姜为主亦有食滞心肺之分而
邪食不得下而反出者
○冷吐者乳片不消多吐而少出脉息沉微面白眼慢气缓神昏额上汗出此因风寒入胃或食生
冷或伤宿乳胃虚不纳而出宜温胃去风寒除宿冷宜理中汤定吐饮如诸药不效者以参香饮治之
○热吐者面赤唇红吐次少而出多乳片消而色黄遍体热甚或因暑气在胃或食热物精神不慢
而多烦躁此热吐也宜去桂五苓散及香薷饮治之
○积吐者眼胞浮面微黄足冷肚热昼轻夜重儿大者脉沉缓此宿冷滞脾故吐黄酸水或有清痰
脉实而滑为食积所伤吐 气或宿食并出儿小 乳不化者是也以乌犀散主之
○伤乳吐者才哺乳后即吐或少停而吐此因乳食无度脾气弱不能运化故有此证譬如小器盛
物满则溢更当节乳投三棱散治之
○泄泻之源有寒泻热泻伤食泻暑泻种种不同各分于后
○寒泻者乃寒气在腹攻刺作痛洞下清水腹内雷鸣米饮不下宜理中汤如四肢厥冷寒极者加
附子官桂之类
○热泻者粪色赤黄肛门焦痛小便不利心烦口燥食乳必粗宜五苓散吞下香连丸
○伤食泻者因饮食过多有伤脾气遂成泄泻故大便不聚臭如败卵宜理中汤加砂仁半钱或下
积丸有因伤面而泻者养胃汤加萝卜子炒研半钱痛者更加木香三分泻甚者去藿香加炮姜三分
暑泻者因中暑热宜胃苓汤或五苓散加车前子末少许甚效或六和汤亦好
小儿呕吐的症状繁多，难以一一列举，大致可分为冷吐、热吐、积吐和伤乳吐。朱奉议主张以半夏、生姜为主药治疗；也有因食滞于心肺，导致邪气与食物不能下行反而上逆而出的情况。
○ 冷吐：乳汁呈片状未消化，呕吐次数多但吐出量少，脉象沉微，面色苍白，眼神迟缓，气息微弱，神志昏沉，额头出汗。这是由于风寒侵入胃中，或食用生冷食物，或损伤了残留的旧乳，导致胃气虚弱无法容纳食物而反出。治疗宜温补胃气，祛除风寒，消除宿冷，可用理中汤或定吐饮。如果上述药物无效，可用参香饮治疗。
○ 热吐：面色红赤，嘴唇红润，呕吐次数少但每次吐出量多，乳汁已消化且颜色发黄，全身发热严重。这可能是由于暑气滞留胃中，或食用了热性食物，导致精神不宁且烦躁不安。这是热吐的表现，治疗宜用去桂枝的五苓散及香薷饮。
○ 积吐：眼睑浮肿，面色微黄，脚冷肚子热，白天症状轻晚上重，年龄较大的患儿脉象沉缓。这是因为宿冷停滞在脾脏所致，呕吐物为黄色的酸水，或有清稀痰液，脉象实而滑，这是被食积所伤，呕吐物中有气体或宿食混合排出。年幼患儿则是乳汁不化。治疗应以乌犀散为主。
○ 伤乳吐：刚哺乳后立即呕吐，或少停片刻后呕吐。这是因为哺乳无节制，脾气虚弱不能运化，从而出现此证。这就好比小容器盛物，满了就会溢出，因此应当节制哺乳，投予三棱散治疗。
○ 泄泻的成因有寒泻、热泻、伤食泻、暑泻等，种种不同，分别叙述如下：
○ 寒泻：寒气在腹部攻冲刺痛，腹泻如水样，腹内肠鸣如雷，米汤饮水都无法喝下。宜用理中汤；如果四肢厥冷，属于寒极者，可加入附子、官桂之类。
○ 热泻：粪便颜色赤黄，肛门焦灼疼痛，小便不利，心烦，口燥，吃奶时必然急躁粗鲁。宜用五苓散吞服香连丸。
○ 伤食泻：因为饮食过多，损伤了脾气，遂成泄泻，所以大便不成形，气味臭秽像腐烂的鸡蛋。宜用理中汤加半钱砂仁，或者服用积丸。如果是因受面（面食）伤害而导致的腹泻，可用养胃汤加炒研的萝卜子半钱；腹痛者再加木香三分；腹泻严重者去掉藿香，加炮姜三分。
The symptoms of vomiting in infants are numerous and difficult to enumerate comprehensively. They can generally be categorized into cold vomiting, heat vomiting, accumulation vomiting, and milk-injury vomiting. Zhu Fengyi advocated using Banxia (Pinellia Rhizome) and Shengjiang (Fresh Ginger) as the main herbs; there are also cases where food stagnation occurs in the Heart and Lungs, causing pathogenic factors and food to fail to descend and instead regurgitate upwards.
○ Cold Vomiting: Undigested milk appears in flakes, with frequent vomiting but small volume expelled. The pulse is deep and minute. The complexion is pale, eyes are sluggish, breath is weak, consciousness is dull, and sweat appears on the forehead. This is caused by Wind-Cold invading the Stomach, consumption of raw/cold foods, or damage from retained old milk, leading to Stomach Qi deficiency and inability to retain food, resulting in regurgitation. Treatment should warm the Stomach, dispel Wind-Cold, and eliminate retained cold. Lizhong Tang (Regulate the Middle Decoction) or Dingtu Yin (Stabilize Vomiting Drink) may be used. If these remedies are ineffective, Shenxiang Yin (Ginseng and Aromatic Drink) should be employed.
○ Heat Vomiting: The face is red, lips are crimson, vomiting episodes are infrequent but volume per episode is large. Milk has been digested and appears yellowish. The body is intensely hot throughout. This may result from Summer-Heat retaining in the Stomach or consuming hot-natured foods, leading to mental restlessness and irritability. This presents as Heat Vomiting. Treatment involves using Wuling San (Five-Ingredient Powder with Poria) without Guizhi (Cinnamon Twig), along with Xiangru Yin (Elsholtzia Drink).
○ Accumulation Vomiting: Eyelids are puffy, complexion is slightly sallow, feet are cold while the abdomen is hot. Symptoms are lighter during the day and heavier at night. In older children, the pulse is deep and slow. This is due to retained cold stagnating in the Spleen, causing vomiting of sour yellow fluid or clear phlegm. A solid and slippery pulse indicates injury from food accumulation, with vomitus containing gas or retained food mixed together. In infants, it manifests as undigested milk. The primary treatment is Wuxi San (Black Rhinoceros Horn Powder).
○ Milk-Injury Vomiting: Vomiting occurs immediately after feeding or after a short pause. This is due to unregulated breastfeeding frequency and weak Spleen Qi failing to transform and transport, leading to this condition. It is akin to a small vessel overflowing when full; therefore, breastfeeding should be regulated, and Sanleng San (Burreed Powder) administered.
○ The origins of diarrhea include Cold Diarrhea, Heat Diarrhea, Food-Injury Diarrhea, and Summer-Heat Diarrhea, among others, which differ significantly and are detailed below:
○ Cold Diarrhea: Cold Qi attacks the abdomen causing stabbing pain. Stools are watery, abdominal borborygmi (rumbling) are audible like thunder, and even rice water cannot be retained. Lizhong Tang (Regulate the Middle Decoction) is indicated. For cases with cold extremities indicating extreme cold, Fuzi (Aconite Root) and Guigui (Cassia Bark) may be added.
○ Heat Diarrhea: Stools are reddish-yellow, the anus feels scorched and painful, urination is difficult, there is mental vexation, dry mouth, and the infant feeds roughly/aggressively. Wuling San (Five-Ingredient Powder with Poria) should be taken with Xianglian Wan (Elsholtzia and Coptis Pill).
○ Food-Injury Diarrhea: Caused by excessive diet damaging Spleen Qi, resulting in diarrhea. Stools are loose/unformed and smell foul like rotting eggs. Lizhong Tang (Regulate the Middle Decoction) with half a qian of Sha Ren (Amomum Fruit) is suitable, or Jizhi Wan (Accumulation Resolving Pill) may be given. If diarrhea results from injury by wheat/gluten (Mian), Yangwei Tang (Nourish Stomach Decoction) with half a qian of stir-fried and ground Luobo Zi (Radish Seed) is appropriate. Add Muxiang (Aucklandia Root), three fen, for pain. For severe diarrhea, remove Huoxiang (Patchouli Herb) and add Pa Jiang (Prepared Ginger), three fen.
Summer-Heat Diarrhea: Caused by contracting Summer-Heat. Weiling Tang (Stomach Regulating Decoction) or Wuling San (Five-Ingredient Powder with Poria) with a small amount of Cheqianzi powder (Plantago Seed) is highly effective. Liuhé Tang (Six-Harmony Decoction) is also good.