治胸痹心胸痞气。霍乱吐泻不渴。一切脾胃虚寒。呕吐清水。饮食不入。完谷不化。
干姜（炮。半钱至一钱） 人参（一钱至三钱） 白术（炒焦。一钱至二钱） 甘草（
炙。半钱至一钱）
上四味。水煎。去滓。温服。 肠胃虚脱。完谷不化者。炼白蜜丸弹子大。沸汤研。和滓。
日三夜二服。名理中丸。
附子理中汤 治下焦虚寒。火不生土。泄泻呕逆。
理中汤加熟附子。 按方中用参三钱。仅可用附一钱。若峻用温补。用参一两。方可加附三
钱。如寻常小剂。用参
一钱。止可用附三分。设不审此。而附过于参。下咽之后。壮火食气。反招竭泽之殃。制剂不可
不讲。
桂枝人参汤（玉函） 治挟热利不止。心下痞硬。
理中汤加桂枝。
枳实理中汤 治胃虚挟食。及结胸本虚。不能受攻者。
理中汤加枳实、茯苓。千金加半夏、浓朴、附子。治胸中闷。亦可用陈米饮或蒸饼丸服。
治中汤 治冷食结滞。
理中汤加青皮、陈皮。
连理汤 治胃虚挟食。痞满发热。
理中汤加黄连、茯苓。
理苓汤 治胃虚食滞。喘胀浮肿。小便不利。
理中汤合五苓散。
金匮干姜人参半夏丸 治妊娠胃寒。呕吐不止。
理中汤去白术、甘草。本方干姜、人参各一两。加半夏二两。姜汁糊丸。梧子大。饮服十丸
。日三服。
甘草干姜汤（玉函） 治胃中阳虚。咽干烦躁吐逆。
理中汤去人参、白术。
金匮三物大建中汤 治胸中大寒。呕吐不能食。及少腹冷积作痛。
理中汤去白术、甘草。本方干姜用四钱。人参用三钱。加蜀椒半合。（去闭口者。炒去汗）
水煎。去滓。纳胶饴半杯。微火再煎温服。如炊顷。少饮稀粥一升。后更服。当一日食糜。温覆
之。
甘姜苓术汤（金匮。一作肾着汤） 治腰以下重着而痛。
理中汤去人参加茯苓。 肾着者。肾受湿着而重痛。故以燥湿为务。非肾虚腰痛可浑用也。
渗湿汤（局方） 治湿滞经络。腰下重着而痛。
理中汤去人参。加苍术、茯苓、橘红、丁香、姜、枣。
大顺散（局方） 治暑热引饮过多。霍乱吐泻。
理中汤去人参、白术。本方甘草、干姜各半两。加肉桂、杏仁（去皮尖。）各三钱。先将甘草同白砂炒。次入干姜。
却下杏仁。炒过筛去砂。合桂为散。每服三钱。沸汤调服。
乌梅丸（玉函） 治蛔厥。
理中汤去白术、甘草。加乌梅、黄连、黄柏、附子、蜀椒、桂枝、细辛、当归。以苦酒渍乌梅一宿。蒸之五升米下。
饭熟去核捣成泥。与蜜杵丸。先食饮服十丸。日三服。稍加至二十丸。禁生冷滑物臭食等。 千金治久痢诸药不瘥。本
方去细辛、附子、人参、黄柏。桂枝换桂心。
治疗胸痹（胸部闷痛）伴心胸部位痞塞胀气。霍乱（上吐下泻的急性胃肠病）伴有呕吐腹泻但不口渴。以及一切脾胃虚寒证，表现为呕吐清水、饮食无法进入、食物完谷不化（大便中含有未消化的食物残渣）。
干姜（炮制过，用量半钱至一钱） 人参（用量一钱至三钱） 白术（炒至焦黄，用量一钱至二钱） 甘草（炙过，用量半钱至一钱）
以上四味药，用水煎煮，滤去药渣，温服。若肠胃虚脱，出现完谷不化的症状，可炼制成如弹子大小的白蜜丸，用沸水化开，连同药渣一起服用。白天服三次，夜间服两次，名为理中丸。
附子理中汤：治疗下焦虚寒，命门火衰不能温煦脾土（火不生土），导致泄泻、呕吐逆气。
在理中汤基础上加入熟附子。
按语：方中使用人参三钱时，仅可使用附子一钱。如果峻烈地使用温补法，用人参一两，才可以加附子三钱。如果是寻常的小剂量，用人参一钱，只可用附子三分。如果不仔细审察这一点，而附子的用量超过人参，服药后，壮火（过于强烈的热性药物作用）会消耗元气，反而招致枯竭的危险。制剂配伍不可不讲究。
桂枝人参汤（出自《玉函经》）：治疗兼有热邪导致的痢疾不止，心下部痞塞坚硬。
在理中汤基础上加入桂枝。
枳实理中汤：治疗胃虚兼有食积，以及结胸证（胸胁心下硬满疼痛）本身体质虚弱，不能耐受攻伐的患者。
在理中汤基础上加入枳实、茯苓。《千金方》在此基础上再加半夏、厚朴、附子，用于治疗胸中闷胀，也可以用陈米饮或蒸饼作为赋形剂制成丸剂服用。
连理汤：治疗胃虚兼有食积，出现痞满发热。
在理中汤基础上加入黄连、茯苓。
理苓汤：治疗胃虚食滞，出现气喘、腹胀、浮肿、小便不利。
理中汤与五苓散合用。
金匮干姜人参半夏丸：治疗妊娠期间胃寒，呕吐不止。
理中汤去掉白术、甘草。原方中干姜、人参各一两，加入半夏二两，用姜汁糊制成丸剂，大小如梧桐子，每次饮水送服十丸，每日三次。
甘草干姜汤（出自《玉函经》）：治疗胃中阳虚，出现咽干、烦躁、呕吐逆气。
理中汤去掉人参、白术。
金匮三物大建中汤：治疗胸中大寒，呕吐不能进食，以及少腹冷积作痛。
理中汤去掉白术、甘草。原方中干姜用四钱，人参用三钱，加入蜀椒半合（去掉闭口的，炒至出汗）。用水煎煮，滤去药渣，加入胶饴（麦芽糖）半杯，用微火再煎至沸腾片刻，温服。服药后稍喝稀粥一升，之后继续服药，应当一天内吃糜粥，注意保暖覆盖。
甘姜苓术汤（出自《金匮要略》，一作肾着汤）：治疗腰以下沉重且疼痛。
理中汤去掉人参，加入茯苓。所谓“肾着”，是肾脏受湿邪附着而导致的沉重疼痛，所以治疗以燥湿为主，并非肾虚腰痛可以混用此法。
渗湿汤（出自《局方》）：治疗湿邪阻滞经络，腰以下沉重且疼痛。
理中汤去掉人参，加入苍术、茯苓、橘红、丁香、生姜、大枣。
大顺散（出自《局方》）：治疗暑热引动饮水过多，导致霍乱吐泻。
理中汤去掉人参、白术。原方中甘草、干姜各半两，加入肉桂、杏仁（去皮尖）各三钱。先将甘草同白砂一起炒，然后放入干姜，接着放入杏仁，炒过后筛去砂，混合肉桂研为散剂。每次服用三钱，用沸水调服。
乌梅丸（出自《玉函经》）：治疗蛔厥（因蛔虫引起的四肢厥冷）。
理中汤去掉白术、甘草，加入乌梅、黄连、黄柏、附子、蜀椒、桂枝、细辛、当归。用醋浸泡乌梅一夜，在五升米下蒸熟，去核捣成泥状，与蜂蜜混合捣匀制成丸剂。饭前饮水送服十丸，每日三次，逐渐增加到二十丸。禁止食用生冷、滑腻、异味食物等。《千金方》治疗久痢各种药物无效者，本方去掉细辛、附子、人参、黄柏，将桂枝换为桂心。
Treats chest bi (chest obstruction with pain) accompanied by epigastric fullness and qi stagnation. Cholera (acute gastroenteritis with vomiting and diarrhea) presenting with vomiting and diarrhea but no thirst. As well as all cases of Spleen-Stomach deficiency-cold, manifesting as vomiting clear fluid, inability to take in food, and undigested food in stool.
Dried Ginger (processed, dosage: half qian to one qian) Ginseng (dosage: one qian to three qian) Atractylodes Macrocephala Rhizome (stir-fried until scorched, dosage: one qian to two qian) Licorice Root (honey-fried, dosage: half qian to one qian)
The above four ingredients are decocted in water, the dregs are strained out, and the liquid is taken warm. For cases of intestinal and stomach deficiency collapse with undigested food in stool, refine white honey into pills the size of bullet seeds. Dissolve in boiling water, mix with the dregs, and administer. Take three times during the day and twice at night; this is named Lizhong Wan (Regulate the Middle Pill).
Fuzi Lizhong Tang (Aconite Regulate the Middle Decoction): Treats lower jiao deficiency-cold, where fire fails to generate earth (failure of Mingmen fire to warm Spleen Earth), resulting in diarrhea and vomiting/nausea.
Add Prepared Aconite Root (Fuzi) to Lizhong Tang.
Note: When using three qian of Ginseng, only one qian of Aconite should be used. If employing a strong warming and tonifying method, using one liang of Ginseng allows for three qian of Aconite. In ordinary small doses, using one qian of Ginseng permits only three fen of Aconite. If this is not carefully considered, and the dosage of Aconite exceeds that of Ginseng, after ingestion, "vigorous fire" will consume Qi, instead inviting the disaster of exhaustion. Formulation principles must not be neglected.
Guizhi Renshen Tang (Cinnamon Twig and Ginseng Decoction, from *Yufang Jing*): Treats dysentery persisting due to accompanying heat, with epigastric hardness and fullness.
Add Cinnamon Twig (Guizhi) to Lizhong Tang.
Zhishi Lizhong Tang (Immature Bitter Orange Regulate the Middle Decoction): Treats Stomach deficiency with retained food, and Jie Xiong syndrome (chest binding syndrome) in patients whose root constitution is deficient and cannot tolerate purgative attacks.
Add Immature Bitter Orange (Zhishi) and Poria (Fuling) to Lizhong Tang. *Qianjin Fang* adds Pinellia Tuber (Banxia), Magnolia Bark (Houpo), and Aconite Root (Fuzi) to treat chest oppression. It can also be administered as pills made with aged rice water or steamed dough.
Zhizhong Tang (Regulate the Middle Decoction): Treats cold food retention and stagnation.
Add Green Tangerine Peel (Qingpi) and Dried Tangerine Peel (Chenpi) to Lizhong Tang.
Lianli Tang (Coptis and Regulate the Middle Decoction): Treats Stomach deficiency with retained food, presenting with epigastric fullness and fever.
Add Coptis Rhizome (Huanglian) and Poria (Fuling) to Lizhong Tang.
Liling Tang (Regulate the Middle and Five-Liquids Decoction): Treats Stomach deficiency with food stagnation, presenting with wheezing, abdominal distension, edema, and difficult urination.
Combine Lizhong Tang with Wuling San (Five-Ingredient Powder with Poria).
Jinkui Ganjiang Renshen Banxia Wan (Dry Ginger, Ginseng, and Pinellia Pill from *Jinkui Yaolue*): Treats pregnancy-related Stomach cold with persistent vomiting.
Remove Atractylodes Macrocephala Rhizome (Baizhu) and Licorice Root (Gancao) from Lizhong Tang. The original formula uses one liang each of Dried Ginger (Ganjiang) and Ginseng (Renshen), plus two liang of Pinellia Tuber (Banxia). Make pills with ginger juice paste, sized like wu-tzu seeds. Take ten pills with water, three times daily.
Gancao Ganjiang Tang (Licorice and Dry Ginger Decoction, from *Yufang Jing*): Treats Stomach Yang deficiency, presenting with dry throat, irritability, vomiting, and nausea.
Remove Ginseng (Renshen) and Atractylodes Macrocephala Rhizome (Baizhu) from Lizhong Tang.
Jinkui Sanwu Dajianzhong Tang (Three-Ingredient Greatly Tonify the Middle Decoction from *Jinkui Yaolue*): Treats severe cold in the chest, vomiting preventing food intake, and cold accumulation causing pain in the lower abdomen.
Remove Atractylodes Macrocephala Rhizome (Baizhu) and Licorice Root (Gancao) from Lizhong Tang. The original formula uses four qian of Dried Ginger (Ganjiang) and three qian of Ginseng (Renshen), plus half he of Sichuan Pepper (Shujiao) (remove closed-mouth peppers, stir-fry until sweat appears). Decoct in water, strain, add half cup of Malt Sugar (Jiaoyi), simmer gently over low heat until warm. After cooking for a moment, drink one sheng of thin porridge, then continue medication. One should consume porridge throughout the day and keep warm.
Ganjiang Lingzhu Tang (Licorice, Dried Ginger, Poria, and Atractylodes Decoction, from *Jinkui Yaolue*, also known as Shen Zhuo Tang/Kidney-Dampness Attaching Decoction): Treats heaviness and pain below the waist.
Remove Ginseng (Renshen) from Lizhong Tang and add Poria (Fuling). "Kidney-dampness attaching" refers to heaviness and pain caused by dampness adhering to the Kidney region; thus, the treatment priority is drying dampness. This is not suitable for general use in Kidney-deficiency lower back pain.
Shenshi Tang (Dampness-Percolating Decoction, from *Ju Fang*): Treats dampness obstructing meridians, causing heaviness and pain below the waist.
Remove Ginseng (Renshen) from Lizhong Tang and add Atractylodes Lancea Rhizome (Cangzhu), Poria (Fuling), Tangerine Peel (Juhong), Clove (Dingxiang), Ginger (Shengjiang), and Jujube (Dazao).
Dashun San (Great Harmony Powder, from *Ju Fang*): Treats cholera with vomiting and diarrhea induced by excessive drinking due to summer-heat.
Remove Ginseng (Renshen) and Atractylodes Macrocephala Rhizome (Baizhu) from Lizhong Tang. The original formula uses half liang each of Licorice Root (Gancao) and Dried Ginger (Ganjiang), plus three qian each of Cinnamon Bark (Rougui) and Apricot Seed (Xingren) (remove skin and tips). First, stir-fry Licorice Root with white sand. Then add Dried Ginger, followed by Apricot Seeds. Stir-fry, sieve to remove sand, and mix with Cinnamon Bark to form a powder. Take three qian per dose, mixed with boiling water.
Wumei Wan (Mume Pill, from *Yufang Jing*): Treats Hui Jue (ascaris-induced cold extremities).
Remove Atractylodes Macrocephala Rhizome (Baizhu) and Licorice Root (Gancao) from Lizhong Tang. Add Mume Fruit (Wumei), Coptis Rhizome (Huanglian), Phellodendron Bark (Huangbai), Aconite Root (Fuzi), Sichuan Pepper (Shujiao), Cinnamon Twig (Guizhi), Asarum Root (Xixin), and Angelica Sinensis Root (Danggui). Soak Mume Fruit in vinegar overnight. Steam under five sheng of rice until cooked. Remove pits, pound into a paste, mix with honey, and form pills. Take ten pills with water before meals, three times daily, gradually increasing to twenty pills. Avoid raw/cold, slippery, and foul-smelling foods. *Qianjin Fang* treats chronic dysentery unresponsive to other medicines by removing Asarum Root (Xixin), Aconite Root (Fuzi), Ginseng (Renshen), and Phellodendron Bark (Huangbai) from this formula, and substituting Cinnamon Twig (Guizhi) with Cinnamon Heart (Guixin).