夫气之在人。得温则舒。遇寒则涩。肺主气者也。若为寒邪所伤。则涩而不通。故气逆
上行。发为咳嗽。肺乃虚弱。呼吸之间。不能报息。故谓之咳逆短气。
方
人参丸 治年深喘嗽。春秋发动。痞满短气。痰涕如胶。睡卧不宁。
人参（一两） 蛤蚧（一对全者净洗酥炙） 百部（切） 紫菀（去苗土一两） 大黄
（锉炒半
两） 葶苈（隔纸炒一两） 款冬花 百合 贝母（去心） 知母（焙） 白前（各半两） 半
夏（汤
洗十次焙） 桑根白皮（炙黄锉） 五味子〔炒各三两（钱）〕 山芋（三分） 上为末。
炼蜜和
丸。如梧桐子大。每服二十丸。糯米饮下。橘皮汤亦可。
阿胶散 治肺脏虚。胸中短气。咳嗽声微。四肢无力。
阿胶（炒令燥） 山芋 甘草（炙锉） 麦门冬（去心焙） 五味子（炒） 人参（各
一两） 干
姜（半两炮） 白术（锉） 杏仁（汤浸去皮尖双仁麸炒） 桂（去粗皮各三两） 上为散。
每服二
钱。用粥饮调下。不拘时服。
前胡汤 治逆气咳嗽。胸中寒热。短气不足。
前胡（去芦头） 陈橘皮（去白炒） 桂（去粗皮） 甘草（炙锉） 人参 紫菀（去
苗土） 五
味子（炒各一两） 上为散。每服三钱。生姜二片。大枣一枚。水一盏。煎至七分。去滓温
服。
日
润肺汤 治咳逆短气。
人参 生姜（切与半夏同炒各一两） 甘草（三两炙锉） 竹叶（二两切） 陈橘皮（去
白焙
二两） 半夏（汤浸七次炒切同生姜炒半两） 上为散。每服三钱。水一盏半。生姜五片。
煎
至七分。去滓温服。日三夜一。
又方
水六升。煮取二升。分三服。亦治霍乱。忌羊肉、菘菜。
玉液饮 治咳逆。短气喘息。气不相续。
甘草（炙锉） 杏仁（去皮尖双仁研） 陈橘皮（汤浸去白瓤焙） 五味子（炒） 人
参（各一
两） 上为散。每服五钱。用水二盏。生姜三片。大枣一枚。同煎至一盏。去滓温服。不拘
时候。
羌活煮散 止咳逆短气。
羌活（去芦头） 附子（炮裂去皮脐） 香子（微炒各半两） 木香 干姜（炮各一
钱） 上
为散。每服二钱。水一盏。盐一捻。同煎一二十沸。乘热服。一服止。
款肺汤 治咳逆短气。
人参 半夏（汤洗七次去滑炒干各半两） 陈橘皮（去白焙二两） 甘草（炙锉一两） 上
为
散。每服三钱。水一盏。生姜三片。煎至七分。去滓温服。日三。
紫苏汤 治咳逆短气。
紫苏茎叶（锉一两） 人参（半两） 上为散。每服三钱。水一盏。煎至七分。去滓温
服。
日再。
治大人小儿咳逆短气。胸中吸吸。咳出涕唾。
用淡竹沥一合。日三五服。大人一升。
气存在于人体之中。得到温煦则舒展通畅，遇到寒邪则凝滞不畅。肺是主管气的脏腑。如果受到寒邪侵袭，气机就会凝滞而不通顺。因此气逆向上冲，引发咳嗽。若肺气虚弱，在呼吸之间，无法充分纳气（即吸气不能深入），所以称为咳逆短气。
方剂：
人参丸：治疗病程长久的喘促咳嗽，春秋季节发作，伴有胸脘痞闷、气息短促、痰涕粘稠如胶状、睡眠不安稳。
药材：人参（一两）、蛤蚧（一对，需完整且洗净后用酥油炙烤）、百部（切片）、紫菀（去苗土，一两）、大黄（锉碎后炒制，半两）、葶苈子（隔纸炒制，一两）、款冬花、百合、贝母（去心）、知母（焙干）、白前（各半两）、半夏（用汤水清洗十次后焙干）、桑根白皮（炙至黄色并锉碎）、五味子（炒制，各三两/钱*注：原文此处单位可能有误或指代不同规格，依原文记录*）、山芋（三分）。以上药物研为细末，用炼蜜调和制成丸药，大小如梧桐子。每次服用二十丸，用糯米饮送服，橘皮汤也可以。
阿胶散：治疗肺脏虚损，胸中气息短促，咳嗽声音微弱，四肢无力。
药材：阿胶（炒至干燥）、山芋、甘草（炙烤后锉碎）、麦门冬（去心后焙干）、五味子（炒制）、人参（各一两）、干姜（半两，炮制）、白术（锉碎）、杏仁（汤浸去皮尖及双仁，麸炒）、桂枝（去粗皮，各三两）。以上药物研为散剂。每次服用二钱，用米粥汁调服，不拘泥于固定时间服用。
前胡汤：治疗气逆咳嗽，胸中寒热交替，气息短促不足。
药材：前胡（去芦头）、陈橘皮（去白后炒制）、桂枝（去粗皮）、甘草（炙烤后锉碎）、人参、紫菀（去苗土）、五味子（炒制，各一两）。以上药物研为散剂。每次服用三钱，加生姜两片、大枣一枚、水一盏，煎煮至七分满，滤去药渣，温服。
润肺汤：治疗咳逆短气。
药材：人参、生姜（切片与半夏同炒，各一两）、甘草（三两，炙烤后锉碎）、竹叶（二两，切片）、陈橘皮（去白后焙干，二两）、半夏（汤浸七次后炒制切片，同生姜炒，半两）。以上药物研为散剂。每次服用三钱，加水一盏半、生姜五片，煎煮至七分满，滤去药渣，温服。每日三次，夜间一次。
又一方：
用水六升，煮取二升，分三次服用。也治疗霍乱。忌食羊肉、菘菜（白菜）。
玉液饮：治疗咳逆，气息短促伴喘息，气机不相接续。
药材：甘草（炙烤后锉碎）、杏仁（去皮尖双仁研碎）、陈橘皮（汤浸去白瓤后焙干）、五味子（炒制）、人参（各一两）。以上药物研为散剂。每次服用五钱，用水二盏、生姜三片、大枣一枚，共同煎煮至一盏，滤去药渣，温服。不拘泥于固定时间。
羌活煮散：止咳逆短气。
药材：羌活（去芦头）、附子（炮裂后去皮脐）、香子（微炒，各半两）、木香、干姜（炮制，各一钱）。以上药物研为散剂。每次服用二钱，加水一盏、盐一捻，共同煎煮一二十沸，趁热服用。服一次即可止住。
款肺汤：治疗咳逆短气。
药材：人参、半夏（汤洗七次去滑腻后炒干，各半两）、陈橘皮（去白焙干，二两）、甘草（炙烤锉碎，一两）。以上药物研为散剂。每次服用三钱，加水一盏、生姜三片，煎煮至七分满，滤去药渣，温服。每日三次。
紫苏汤：治疗咳逆短气。
药材：紫苏茎叶（锉碎，一两）、人参（半两）。以上药物研为散剂。每次服用三钱，加水一盏，煎煮至七分满，滤去药渣，温服。每日两次。
Qi within the human body expands and flows smoothly when warmed, but becomes stagnant and obstructed when exposed to cold. The Lung governs Qi. If injured by cold pathogenic factors, Qi stagnates and fails to flow freely. Consequently, Qi rebels and moves upward, manifesting as cough. If Lung Qi is deficient, during respiration, inhalation cannot reach its depth (failure to grasp Qi), thus it is termed "Ke Ni Duan Qi" (Rebellious Cough with Shortness of Breath).
Prescriptions:
**Renshen Wan (Ginseng Pill)**
Indications: Chronic asthma and cough, recurring in spring and autumn, accompanied by chest and epigastric fullness, shortness of breath, sticky phlegm and nasal discharge resembling glue, and restless sleep.
Ingredients: *Ren Shen* (Panacis Ginseng Radix) (1 liang); *Ge Jie* (Gecko) (one pair, whole, cleaned, roasted with butter); *Bai Bu* (Stemonae Radix) (sliced); *Zi Wan* (Asteris Radix) (remove seedlings and soil, 1 liang); *Da Huang* (Rhei Radix et Rhizoma) (cut into pieces and stir-fried, 0.5 liang); *Ting Li* (Lepidii Fructus) (stir-fried between papers, 1 liang); *Kuan Dong Hua* (Farfarae Flos); *Bai He* (Lilii Bulbus); *Bei Mu* (Fritillariae Cirrhosae Bulbus) (remove heart); *Zhi Mu* (Anemarrhenae Rhizoma) (baked); *Bai Qian* (Cynanchi Stauntonii Radix) (each 0.5 liang); *Ban Xia* (Pinelliae Rhizoma) (washed ten times with decoction, then baked); *Sang Bai Pi* (Mori Cortex) (roasted until yellow and cut into pieces); *Wu Wei Zi* (Schisandrae Chinensis Fructus) (stir-fried, each 3 liang/qian*); *Shan Yu* (Dioscoreae Rhizoma) (3 fen). Process all ingredients into a fine powder, mix with refined honey, and form pills the size of paulownia seeds. Take 20 pills per dose, washed down with rice gruel or tangerine peel decoction.
**Ejiao San (Donkey-Hide Gelatin Powder)**
Indications: Deficiency of the Lung organ, shortness of breath in the chest, weak voice during cough, and weakness in the four limbs.
Ingredients: *E Jiao* (Colla Corii Asini) (stir-fried until dry); *Shan Yu* (Dioscoreae Rhizoma); *Gan Cao* (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma) (roasted and cut into pieces); *Mai Men Dong* (Ophiopogonis Tuber) (remove heart and bake); *Wu Wei Zi* (Schisandrae Chinensis Fructus) (stir-fried); *Ren Shen* (Panacis Ginseng Radix) (each 1 liang); *Gan Jiang* (Zingiberis Rhizoma Consotum) (0.5 liang, processed); *Bai Zhu* (Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma) (cut into pieces); *Xing Ren* (Armeniacae Semen Amarum) (soaked in water, remove skin and tips, double-kernel, bran-roasted); *Gui Zhi* (Cinnamomi Ramulus) (remove rough bark, each 3 liang). Process into a powder. Take 2 qian per dose, mixed with porridge drink. Take at any time without restriction.
**Qian Hu Tang (Peucedani Decoction)**
Indications: Rebellious Qi cough, alternating cold and heat in the chest, insufficient shortness of breath.
Ingredients: *Qian Hu* (Peucedani Radix) (remove rhizome head); *Chen Ju Pi* (Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium) (remove white pith and stir-fry); *Gui Zhi* (Cinnamomi Ramulus) (remove rough bark); *Gan Cao* (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma) (roasted and cut into pieces); *Ren Shen* (Panacis Ginseng Radix); *Zi Wan* (Asteris Radix) (remove seedlings and soil); *Wu Wei Zi* (Schisandrae Chinensis Fructus) (stir-fried, each 1 liang). Process into a powder. Take 3 qian per dose, add 2 slices of fresh ginger, 1 jujube, and 1 sheng of water. Decoct until 0.7 sheng remains, strain, and take warm.
**Run Fei Tang (Moisten-Lung Decoction)**
Indications: Rebellious cough with shortness of breath.
Ingredients: *Ren Shen* (Panacis Ginseng Radix); *Sheng Jiang* (Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens) (sliced and stir-fried with Ban Xia, each 1 liang); *Gan Cao* (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma) (3 liang, roasted and cut into pieces); *Zhu Ye* (Bambusae Folium) (2 liang, sliced); *Chen Ju Pi* (Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium) (remove white pith and bake, 2 liang); *Ban Xia* (Pinelliae Rhizoma) (soaked in water seven times, stir-fried, sliced, stir-fried with fresh ginger, 0.5 liang). Process into a powder. Take 3 qian per dose, add 1.5 sheng of water and 5 slices of fresh ginger. Decoct until 0.7 sheng remains, strain, and take warm. Take three times daily and once at night.
**Another Prescription:**
Use 6 sheng of water, decoct to obtain 2 sheng, divide into three doses. Also treats Huoluan (Cholera-like syndrome). Avoid mutton and song cai (Chinese cabbage).
**Yuye Yin (Jade Fluid Drink)**
Indications: Rebellious cough, shortness of breath with panting, discontinuity of Qi.
Ingredients: *Gan Cao* (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma) (roasted and cut into pieces); *Xing Ren* (Armeniacae Semen Amarum) (remove skin and tips, double-kernel, crushed); *Chen Ju Pi* (Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium) (soaked in water, remove white pith and bake); *Wu Wei Zi* (Schisandrae Chinensis Fructus) (stir-fried); *Ren Shen* (Panacis Ginseng Radix) (each 1 liang). Process into a powder. Take 5 qian per dose, add 2 zhan of water, 3 slices of fresh ginger, and 1 jujube. Decoct together until 1 zhan remains, strain, and take warm. Take at any time.
**Qiang Huo Zhu San (Notopterygii Decoction Powder)**
Indications: Stop rebellious cough and shortness of breath.
Ingredients: *Qiang Huo* (Notopterygii Rhizoma et Radix) (remove rhizome head); *Fu Zi* (Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata) (processed until cracked, remove skin and umbilicus); *Xiang Zi* (Bupleuri Fructus? Note: Context suggests aromatic seed, likely *San Qi* or similar, but text says Xiang Zi) (lightly stir-fried, each 0.5 liang); *Mu Xiang* (Aucklandiae Radix); *Gan Jiang* (Zingiberis Rhizoma Consotum) (processed, each 1 qian). Process into a powder. Take 2 qian per dose, add 1 sheng of water and a pinch of salt. Decoct for 10-20 boils, take while hot. One dose stops the symptoms.
**Kuan Fei Tang (Relax-Lung Decoction)**
Indications: Rebellious cough with shortness of breath.
Ingredients: *Ren Shen* (Panacis Ginseng Radix); *Ban Xia* (Pinelliae Rhizoma) (washed in water seven times to remove slipperiness, stir-fried until dry, each 0.5 liang); *Chen Ju Pi* (Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium) (remove white pith and bake, 2 liang); *Gan Cao* (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma) (roasted and cut into pieces, 1 liang). Process into a powder. Take 3 qian per dose, add 1 sheng of water and 3 slices of fresh ginger. Decoct until 0.7 sheng remains, strain, and take warm. Three times daily.
**Zi Su Tang (Perilla Decoction)**
Indications: Rebellious cough with shortness of breath.
Ingredients: *Zi Su Jing Ye* (Perillae Caulis et Folium) (cut into pieces, 1 liang); *Ren Shen* (Panacis Ginseng Radix) (0.5 liang). Process into a powder. Take 3 qian per dose, add 1 sheng of water. Decoct until 0.7 sheng remains, strain, and take warm. Twice daily.
**For adults and children with rebellious cough and shortness of breath, rapid breathing sounds in the chest, and expectoration of nasal discharge and saliva:**
Use Dan Zhu Li (Bambusae Sapum) 1 he. Take 3-5 times daily. For adults, 1 sheng.