寸口脉弱而缓。弱者。阳气不足。缓者。胃气有余。噫而吞酸。食卒不下。气填于膈上
也。
（弱者。阳气不足。阳能消谷。阳气不足。则不能消化谷食。缓者。胃气有余。则胃中
有未
谷。
趺阳脉紧而浮。浮为气。紧为寒。浮为腹满。紧为绞痛。浮紧相搏。肠鸣而转。转则气
动。
（浮为胃气虚。紧为脾中寒。胃虚则满。脾寒则痛。虚寒相搏。肠鸣而转。转则膈中之
气因
使阴
寸口脉微而涩。微者。卫气不行。涩者。营气不逮。荣卫不能相将。三焦无所仰。身体
痹不
噫而
（人养三焦者。血也。护三焦者。气也。营卫俱损。不能相将而行。三焦无所根据仰。身
体为
不足。
三焦因
中焦
归者
谷。
口。
趺阳脉沉而数。沉为实。数消谷。紧者。病难治。
（沉为实者。沉主里也。数消谷者。数为热也。紧为肝脉。见于脾部。木来克土
。为鬼贼相刑。故云难治。）
寸口脉微而涩。微者。卫气衰。涩者。营气不足。卫气衰。面色黄。营气不足。面色青。
营
（卫为气。面色黄者。卫气衰也。营为血。面色青者。营血衰也。营行脉中为根。卫行
脉外
咳逆
趺阳脉浮而芤。浮者。卫气衰。芤者。营气伤。其身体瘦。肌肉甲错。浮芤相搏。宗气
衰微
（经曰。卫气盛。名曰高。高者。暴狂而肥。营气盛。名曰章。章者。暴泽而光。其身
体瘦
皮、
寸口脉微而缓。微者。卫气疏。疏则其肤空。缓者。胃气实。实则谷消而水化也。谷入
于胃
（卫为阳。微为亡阳。脉微者。卫气疏。卫温分肉。肥腠理。卫气既疏。皮肤不得温肥。
则
于
成
密
卫气疏。则气不循常度。三焦绝其常度也。）
趺阳脉微而紧。紧则为寒。微则为虚。微紧相搏。则为短气。
（中气虚且寒。气自短矣。）
少阴脉弱而涩。弱者微烦。涩者厥逆。
（烦者。热也。少阴脉弱者。阴虚也。阴虚。则发热。以阴部见阳脉。非大虚也。故生
微烦
者。
趺阳脉不出。脾不上下。身冷肤硬。
（脾胃为营卫之根。脾能上下。则水谷磨消。营卫之气得以行。脾气虚衰不能上下。则
营卫
少阴脉不至。肾气微。少精血。奔气促迫。上入胸膈。宗气反聚。血结心下。阳气退下。
热
（尸厥者。为其从厥而生。形无所知。其状若尸。故名尸厥。少阴脉不出。则厥气客于
肾。
五
呼
不
股
为
期
寸口脉微。尺脉紧。其人虚损。多汗。知阴常在。绝不见阳也。
（寸微为亡阳。尺紧为阴胜。阳微阴胜。故云虚损。又加之多汗。则愈损阳气。是阴常
在。
寸口诸微亡阳。诸濡亡血。诸弱发热。诸紧为寒。诸乘寒者。则为厥。郁冒不仁。以胃
无谷
（卫。阳也。微为卫气微。故云亡阳。营。血也。濡为营气弱。故云亡血。弱为阴虚。
虚则
阳气
无谷
问曰。濡弱何以反适十一头。师曰。五脏六腑相乘。故令十一。
（濡弱者。气血也。往反有十一头者。五脏六腑共十一也。）
问曰。何以知乘腑。何以知乘脏。师曰。诸阳浮数为乘腑。诸阴迟涩为乘脏也。
（腑阳也。阳脉见者。为乘腑也。脏阴也。阴脉见者。为乘脏也。）
夫人迎。左手关前一分是也。肝胆之位。脉紧盛。伤于寒。在结喉旁一寸半。动脉应手
是穴
脏主。
兼属
夫太 。在足内踝骨上动脉陷中。伤寒何以须诊太 脉耶。太 穴。是少阴肾之经。男
子以
阴病
也。
本。
叶枯矣
不吐者
将枯槁
夫冲阳。一名会源。在足跗上五寸。骨间动脉上。去陷谷三寸。伤寒何以须诊冲阳脉耶。
答
其清者为营。营。血也。浊者为卫。卫，气也。营行脉中，卫行脉外。阴阳相贯，循环无端。
胃为水谷之海。土禀四时
以察其胃气之有无也
缓时一止复来。曰结。
聚气痞。忧思所成。大
动而中止。不能自还
甘草汤。夫又据脉论云。伤寒治法。据脉为要。问证次之。证如此。脉亦如此。条例径行。
若证热而
理之。庶
流通而无
之无力。
洪。但指
邪。以行
邪乘虚。
夫外有脉。内无脉。为外实内虚。外无脉。内有脉。为内实外虚。虚实之义。随其脉之
有无
八难
乘阳
入
以
盛
盛
阳
之
氏
损
下
有
正恐阳盛入内。而误以桂枝汗之。内得热以助邪。外撤虚而损正。又安得而不毙。观古人发
表之药多温。攻里之药多寒。则知阴阳虚盛之意微。非止为汗下设。正所以为用药寒温设也
。可不明辨哉。
伤寒治法。内则审脉。外则审证。大要辨表里虚实为先。病在表。有表虚。有表实。病
在里
缓。
脉
冷
与
赤
同
夫太阳属膀胱。非发汗不能愈。必用桂枝、麻黄。以助阳却邪。阳明属胃。非通泄不能
痊
热
附
阳
阳
有
皆
为毒瓦斯入脏。皆当下之。知乎此。则伤寒用药之法。随变随应而不穷矣。虽然。伤寒七日。
传遍六经。此约法也。或首尾只在一经。或间传一二经而止。又不可拘。但据脉与外证验之
。是为活法。
发热憎寒体痛时。脉浮解表定无疑。不憎寒却频憎热。多汗咽干里下之。
夫三阳外证。腰脊头疼热恶寒。目疼汗热鼻中干。耳聋口苦时干呕。胸胁肋疼寒热干。
太阳证。腰脊强。头项痛。发热恶寒。若伤风。则鼻塞恶风。阳明证。目疼身热。鼻干。不
恶寒。反恶热。自汗自出。不得卧。内实。大便难。少阴证。耳聋。胸胁痛。或口苦咽干。
目眩。或往来寒热而呕。阳病。体轻脉轻。外证。壮热烦渴。大小便秘。头面有汗。昏愦气
粗。扬手掷足。
夫三阴外证。肠满肢温利不烦。舌干燥渴或憎寒。唇青舌卷多烦满。筋急囊间缩又挛。
太阴证。腹满或痛。手足温。自利不渴。喉下干。少阴证。口燥舌干而渴。或口中和。
皆恶
筋急
大小
发躁
胃解
夫汗下温正法。太阳伤风。自汗恶风。桂枝汤。伤寒。无汗恶寒。麻黄汤。风寒俱盛。
则以
麻黄
汗多
汤。
为
腹
舌不燥。及背恶寒者。并用四逆汤。小便白者。亦用四逆。始得病。脉沉。反发热。麻黄细
辛附子汤。口燥咽干而渴。急下之。用大承气汤。厥阴脉微浮。为欲愈。不浮未愈。小建中
汤。脉浮缓。如疟状者。囊不缩者。亦欲愈。桂枝麻黄各半汤。脉沉短者。囊必缩。为毒瓦斯
入脏。可用承气汤下之。利不止。用四逆汤。三阴中寒。微则理中汤。稍厥或中寒下利。则
干姜甘草汤。大段重者。用四逆汤。无脉者。用通脉四逆汤。六经惟少阴难治。大要以口燥
而渴。别其热。脉沉而迟。别其寒。然亦有表里无热。但烦愦。默默不欲见光明。其脉沉细
。或时腹痛。此可四顺汤。增加干姜。对之增损。理中丸亦可矣。凡阴证。白通汤。四逆汤。
通脉汤条例。未敢遽用者。且以理中汤。甘草干姜汤代之。虽然。阴寒亦有毒。乃病气也。
滞须行之。养正丹。金液丹。半硫丸。皆可疏利。又为要药。
夫三部之位。左右手。去鱼际一寸。名曰寸口。去尺泽一尺。名曰尺部。两境之间。名
曰关
至关
之数
三阳
上。
不可
（今人以男子尺脉常弱。女子尺脉常盛。谓之反。非也。男子阳有余。脉在上。尺脉必
弱。
以左
是正
耳。
圣人以察阴阳。以决生死。虽经络流注。如环无端。岂能逃于三部者哉。
夫诊候之法。凡初下指。先以中指揣按得关位。乃齐下前后二指。为三部脉。前指寸口
也。
（男先左手。女先右手。）
浮按消息之。次中按消息之。次重按消息之。次上竟消息之。次下竟消息之。次推指外
消息
（医家责肥人脉浮。为肌肉浓实。重取乃得。若举手而得。则其浮也甚矣。责瘦人脉沉。
为
凡诊脉。以气息平定方下指。一呼一吸为一息。其一息之间。脉息四至。或五至。不大
不小
之详
（所属部分。谓心位洪。肺位浮。肾位沉。肝位弦。脾位缓也。四时。谓春脉弦。夏脉
洪。
应。
夫脉息之证。盖脉以肉为阳。脉以血为阴。华佗云。脉者。气血之先也。气血盛则脉盛。
气
短人脉短。性急脉急。性缓脉缓。反此者逆。按内经云。形盛脉细。气少不足以息者危。形
瘦脉大。胸中气多者死。形气相得者生。参伍不调者病。难经云。数者腑也。迟者脏也。数
则为热。迟者为寒。诸阳为热。诸阴为寒。王叔和云。脉沉为在里。脉浮为在表。迟则在脏
。数则在腑。滑为实为下。数为虚为热。张仲景云。脉大、浮、数、动、滑。此名阳也。脉
沉、涩、弱、弦、微。此名阴也。阴病见阳脉者生。阳病见阴脉者死。大抵阳脉常浮而速。
阴脉常沉而迟。七表属腑。病在于阳。春夏见之易治。八里属脏。病在于阴。秋冬见之犹轻
。假令数在左寸。浮之得者。热入小肠。沉之得者。热入于心。余皆仿此。脉理精微。非言
可尽论。其梗概不出于此矣。王叔和云。在心易了。指下难明。亦在乎人熟之而已矣。
夫七表浮、芤、滑、实、弦、紧、洪。七表阳也。阳数奇。
夫浮。按之不足。举之有余。
（寸口浮。其人有风。发热头疼。关上浮。腹满。尺中浮。小便难。趺阳浮。即为虚。）
夫芤。浮大而软。按之中央空，两边实。
（芤主失血。寸口芤。主吐血。微芤者衄。关上芤。大便血。尺中芤。小便血。）
夫滑。往来疾。却流利。替替然与数相似。
（脉滑为阳。寸口滑。为阳盛。关上滑。为呕逆。尺中滑。小便赤。妇人经脉不利。然
而尺
夫实。大而长。按之应指。 然浮沉皆得。
（寸口实。主上焦热。关上见实。腹胀。尺中有此。主小腹痛。小便涩。）
夫弦。举之无有。按之弓弦状。又曰。浮紧乃为弦。状如弓弦。按之不移。
（阳弦则头痛。阴弦则腹痛。大抵伤寒脉必弦。盖人迎脉盛。伤寒干人迎者。少阳之分。
少
甚
夫紧。按之实数。似切绳状。
（紧则为寒。寸口紧。头痛。关紧。心下满痛。尺紧。脐下痛。阴阳俱紧。当清邪中上。
浊
夫洪。极大在指下。举按满指。
（寸口洪。主胸膈烦热。关上洪。主胃热口干。尺中洪。主大小便有血。三部洪。三焦
俱热
夫八里微、沉、缓、涩、迟、伏、濡、弱八里阴也。阴数偶。
夫微。若有若无。极细而软。
（微则为虚。寸口微。为阳不足。阳微则恶寒。阴微则下利。）
夫沉。举之不足。按之有余。
（沉为在里。尺寸俱沉者。少阴受病也。然沉而迟者。乃阴证也。宜温之。沉而数者。
有热
夫缓。去来亦迟。小快于迟。
（缓则为虚。太阳病。其脉缓者。为伤风。惟脾得之。即是本脉。）
夫涩。细而迟。往来难。时一止。
（涩则为少血。寸口涩。少气。上焦冷。关上涩。胃冷脾痛。尺涩。小便数。小腹冷。
三部
不足
夫迟。呼吸三至。去来极迟。
（迟则为寒。寸口迟。则上焦冷。关上迟。胃冷不欲食。吞酸吐冷水。尺中迟。小便多。
并
夫伏。极重按之。指着骨乃得。
（伏主物聚。寸口伏。胸中逆气。关上伏。有水气。溏泄。尺中伏。水谷不化。大抵关
前得之。多为热。关后得之。多为冷。关中得之。阴阳结。或冷或热不定。当以余证参之。）
夫濡。按之似无。举之全无力。
（形与缓、涩、迟、脉虽稍殊。其为冷证皆一也。）
夫弱。极软而沉细。按之欲绝指下。
（弱为虚。寸口弱。阳气虚。汗自出。关弱。无胃气。胃中有热。脉弱为虚热病作不可
大攻
夫脉按之来缓。时一止复来。又脉来动而中止。不能自还。因而复动。
夫有结脉。有促脉。有代脉。结者阴也。阴盛则结。脉来缓。时一止复来。曰结。主胸
满烦
（太阳病。下之后。脉促。胸满者。桂枝去芍药汤主之。若微寒者。桂枝去芍药加附子
汤主
芩黄
大抵结、促之脉。虽时一止。为病脉。非死脉也。唯代脉者。真死矣。往来缓动而中止。
不
。夫脉浮而紧涩。头疼。身体拘急。恶寒无汗。寒多热少。面色惨而不舒。腰脊疼痛。手足
指
盖伤寒之候。发热恶寒。头疼。腰脊痛。脉紧无汗。宜发汗而解。麻黄汤主之。经曰。
只与
（杂方中。人参顺气散。葱豉汤。苍术散。麻黄葛根汤。可选而用之。）
然太阳病。亦有热多寒少者。须仔细看脉与证也。热多寒少。不呕。清便自可。宜桂枝
麻黄
热
一
解
夫脉浮而缓。寸大而尺弱。自汗体热。头疼恶风。热多寒少。其面光而不惨。烦
足不冷。
盖伤风之候。头疼发热。脉缓。汗出恶风。当须解肌。宜桂枝汤主之。轻者。只与柴胡
桂枝
（杂方中。败毒散。独活散。可选用。）
治太阳中风。有汗用桂枝汤。
（凡脉紧。必无汗。唯濡而紧。却自汗。勿误用桂枝。当用小建中汤也。须是脉浮而缓
者。
寸口脉弱而缓。弱，是阳气不足；缓，是胃气有余。会出现嗳气、吞酸，食物突然无法下咽，气堵塞在膈上的情况。
（弱，是因为阳气不足。阳能消化谷物，阳气不足，就不能消化谷食。缓，是因为胃气有余，所以胃中有未消化的谷物。）
趺阳脉紧而浮。浮代表气，紧代表寒。浮导致腹部胀满，紧导致绞痛。浮和紧相互搏结，肠鸣且转动，转动则气动。
（浮代表胃气虚，紧代表脾中寒。胃虚则胀满，脾寒则疼痛。虚寒相互搏结，肠鸣且转动，转动则膈中的气……）
寸口脉微而涩。微，是卫气不行；涩，是营气不到。营卫不能互相配合，三焦无所依赖，身体麻木不仁。
（人养护三焦的是血，保护三焦的是气。营卫都受损，不能互相配合运行，三焦没有依靠，身体……）
趺阳脉沉而数。沉代表实，数代表消谷。如果是紧脉，病难治。
（沉代表实，是因为沉主里。数代表消谷，是因为数为热。紧是肝脉，出现在脾部，木来克土，称为鬼贼相刑，所以说难治。）
寸口脉微而涩。微，是卫气衰；涩，是营气不足。卫气衰，面色黄；营气不足，面色青。
（卫是气，面色黄，是卫气衰。营是血，面色青，是营血衰。营行于脉中为根，卫行于脉外……）
趺阳脉浮而芤。浮，是卫气衰；芤，是营气伤。身体消瘦，肌肉如鳞甲交错。浮和芤相互搏结，宗气衰微。
（经说：卫气盛，名叫高，高的人，突然发狂且肥胖。营气盛，名叫章，章的人，突然润泽有光。其身体瘦……皮……）
寸口脉微而缓。微，是卫气疏；疏则皮肤空虚。缓，是胃气实；实则谷物消化而水液转化。谷物进入胃……
（卫是阳，微是亡阳。脉微，是卫气疏。卫气温养分肉，肥厚腠理。卫气既已疏，皮肤不得温养肥厚，则……成密。卫气疏，则气不循常度，三焦断绝其常度。）
趺阳脉微而紧。紧则为寒，微则为虚。微和紧相互搏结，则为短气。
（中气虚且寒，气自然短促。）
少阴脉弱而涩。弱则微烦，涩则四肢厥逆。
（烦，是热。少阴脉弱，是阴虚。阴虚，则发热。以阴部见阳脉，不是大虚，所以生微烦者。）
趺阳脉不出，脾不上下，身冷肤硬。
（脾胃是营卫的根本。脾能上下，则水谷磨碎消化，营卫之气得以运行。脾气虚衰不能上下，则营卫……）
少阴脉不至，肾气微，少精血，奔气促迫，上入胸膈，宗气反聚，血结心下，阳气退下，热……
（尸厥，是因为从厥而生，形体无知，其状像尸体，所以叫尸厥。少阴脉不出，则厥气客于肾……五呼不股为期……）
寸口脉微，尺脉紧，其人虚损，多汗，知道阴常在，绝不见阳。
（寸微为亡阳，尺紧为阴胜。阳微阴胜，所以说虚损。又加上多汗，则更损阳气，是阴常在。）
寸口诸微亡阳，诸濡亡血，诸弱发热，诸紧为寒，诸乘寒者，则为厥，郁冒不仁，因为胃无谷……
（卫，是阳，微为卫气微，所以说亡阳。营，是血，濡为营气弱，所以说亡血。弱为阴虚，虚则阳气无谷……）
问：濡弱何以反而适合十一头？师曰：五脏六腑相乘，所以令十一。
（濡弱，是气血。往反有十一头，是五脏六腑共十一也。）
问：怎么知道乘腑？怎么知道乘脏？师曰：诸阳浮数为乘腑，诸阴迟涩为乘脏。
（腑是阳，阳脉见者，为乘腑。脏是阴，阴脉见者，为乘脏。）
夫人迎穴，左手关前一分是也，肝胆之位。脉紧盛，伤于寒，在结喉旁一寸半，动脉应手是穴……脏主兼属……
夫太溪穴，在足内踝骨上动脉陷中。伤寒为什么须诊太溪脉？太溪穴，是少阴肾之经，男子以阴病本。叶枯矣不吐者将枯槁……
夫冲阳穴，一名会源，在足跗上五寸，骨间动脉上，去陷谷三寸。伤寒为什么须诊冲阳脉？答……其清者为营，营是血。浊者为卫，卫是气。营行脉中，卫行脉外。阴阳相贯，循环无端。胃为水谷之海，土禀四时以察其胃气之有无也。
缓时一止复来，叫作结脉。聚气痞，忧思所成，大动而中止，不能自还甘草汤。夫又据脉论云：伤寒治法，据脉为要，问证次之。证如此，脉亦如此，条例径行。若证热而理之，庶流通而无之无力。洪，但指邪。邪乘虚。
夫外有脉，内无脉，为外实内虚。外无脉，内有脉，为内实外虚。虚实之义，随其脉之有无八难乘阳入以盛盛阳之氏损下有正恐阳盛入内，而误以桂枝汗之，内得热以助邪，外撤虚而损正，又安得而不毙。观古人发表之药多温，攻里之药多寒，则知阴阳虚盛之意微，非止为汗下设，正所以为用药寒温设也，可不明辨哉。
伤寒治法，内则审脉，外则审证，大要辨表里虚实为先。病在表，有表虚，有表实。病在里缓。脉冷与赤同。
夫太阳属膀胱，非发汗不能愈，必用桂枝、麻黄，以助阳却邪。阳明属胃，非通泄不能痊热附阳阳有皆为毒瓦斯入脏，皆当下之。知乎此，则伤寒用药之法，随变随应而不穷矣。虽然，伤寒七日传遍六经，此约法也。或首尾只在一经，或间传一二经而止，又不可拘。但据脉与外证验之，是为活法。
发热憎寒体痛时，脉浮解表定无疑。不憎寒却频憎热，多汗咽干里下之。
夫三阳外证，腰脊头疼热恶寒，目疼汗热鼻中干，耳聋口苦时干呕，胸胁肋疼寒热干。太阳证，腰脊强，头项痛，发热恶寒。若伤风，则鼻塞恶风。阳明证，目疼身热，鼻干，不恶寒，反恶热，自汗自出，不得卧，内实，大便难。少阴证，耳聋，胸胁痛，或口苦咽干，目眩，或往来寒热而呕。阳病，体轻脉轻，外证壮热烦渴，大小便秘，头面有汗，昏愦气粗，扬手掷足。
夫三阴外证，肠满肢温利不烦，舌干燥渴或憎寒，唇青舌卷多烦满，筋急囊间缩又挛。太阴证，腹满或痛，手足温，自利不渴，喉下干。少阴证，口燥舌干而渴，或口中和，皆恶筋急大小发躁胃解。
夫汗下温正法：太阳伤风，自汗恶风，桂枝汤。伤寒，无汗恶寒，麻黄汤。风寒俱盛，则以麻黄汗多汤。为腹舌不燥，及背恶寒者，并用四逆汤。小便白者，亦用四逆。始得病，脉沉，反发热，麻黄细辛附子汤。口燥咽干而渴，急下之，用大承气汤。厥阴脉微浮，为欲愈，不浮未愈，小建中汤。脉浮缓，如疟状者，囊不缩者，亦欲愈，桂枝麻黄各半汤。脉沉短者，囊必缩，为毒瓦斯入脏，可用承气汤下之。利不止，用四逆汤。三阴中寒，微则理中汤。稍厥或中寒下利，则干姜甘草汤。大段重者，用四逆汤。无脉者，用通脉四逆汤。六经惟少阴难治，大要以口燥而渴别其热，脉沉而迟别其寒。然亦有表里无热，但烦愦，默默不欲见光明，其脉沉细，或时腹痛，此可四顺汤，增加干姜，对之增损，理中丸亦可矣。凡阴证，白通汤，四逆汤，通脉汤条例，未敢遽用者，且以理中汤，甘草干姜汤代之。虽然，阴寒亦有独，乃病气也，滞须行之，养正丹，金液丹，半硫丸，皆可疏利，又为要药。
夫三部之位，左右手，去鱼际一寸，名曰寸口。去尺泽一尺，名曰尺部。两境之间，名曰关至关之数三阳上不可。
（今人以男子尺脉常弱，女子尺脉常盛，谓之反，非也。男子阳有余，脉在上，尺脉必弱。以左是正耳。）
圣人以察阴阳，以决生死，虽经络流注，如环无端，岂能逃于三部者哉。
夫诊候之法，凡初下指，先以中指揣按得关位，乃齐下前后二指，为三部脉。前指寸口也。（男先左手，女先右手。）
浮按消息之，次中按消息之，次重按消息之，次上竟消息之，次下竟消息之，次推指外消息之。
（医家责肥人脉浮，为肌肉浓实，重取乃得。若举手而得，则其浮也甚矣。责瘦人脉沉，为……）
凡诊脉，以气息平定方下指。一呼一吸为一息，其一息之间，脉息四至，或五至，不大不小之详。
（所属部分，谓心位洪，肺位浮，肾位沉，肝位弦，脾位缓也。四时，谓春脉弦，夏脉洪。应。）
夫脉息之证，盖脉以肉为阳，脉以血为阴。华佗云：脉者，气血之先也。气血盛则脉盛，气短人脉短，性急脉急，性缓脉缓，反此者逆。按内经云：形盛脉细，气少不足以息者危。形瘦脉大，胸中气多者死。形气相得者生，参伍不调者病。难经云：数者腑也，迟者脏也。数则为热，迟者为寒。诸阳为热，诸阴为寒。王叔和云：脉沉为在里，脉浮为在表。迟则在脏，数则在腑。滑为实为下，数为虚为热。张仲景云：脉大、浮、数、动、滑，此名阳也。脉沉、涩、弱、弦、微，此名阴也。阴病见阳脉者生，阳病见阴脉者死。大抵阳脉常浮而速，阴脉常沉而迟。七表属腑，病在于阳，春夏见之易治。八里属脏，病在于阴，秋冬见之犹轻。假令数在左寸，浮之得者，热入小肠，沉之得者，热入于心，余皆仿此。脉理精微，非言可尽论，其梗概不出于此矣。王叔和云：在心易了，指下难明，亦在乎人熟之而已矣。
夫浮，按之不足，举之有余。
（寸口浮，其人有风，发热头疼。关上浮，腹满。尺中浮，小便难。趺阳浮，即为虚。）
夫芤，浮大而软，按之中央空，两边实。
（芤主失血。寸口芤，主吐血。微芤者衄。关上芤，大便血。尺中芤，小便血。）
夫滑，往来疾，却流利，替替然与数相似。
（脉滑为阳。寸口滑，为阳盛。关上滑，为呕逆。尺中滑，小便赤。妇人经脉不利，然而尺……）
夫实，大而长，按之应指，然浮沉皆得。
（寸口实，主上焦热。关上见实，腹胀。尺中有此，主小腹痛，小便涩。）
夫弦，举之无有，按之弓弦状。又曰：浮紧乃为弦，状如弓弦，按之不移。
（阳弦则头痛，阴弦则腹痛。大抵伤寒脉必弦，盖人迎脉盛，伤寒干人迎者，少阳之分，少甚……）
夫紧，按之实数，似切绳状。
（紧则为寒。寸口紧，头痛。关紧，心下满痛。尺紧，脐下痛。阴阳俱紧，当清邪中上，浊……）
夫洪，极大在指下，举按满指。
（寸口洪，主胸膈烦热。关上洪，主胃热口干。尺中洪，主大小便有血。三部洪，三焦俱热……）
夫微，若有若无，极细而软。
（微则为虚。寸口微，为阳不足。阳微则恶寒，阴微则下利。）
夫沉，举之不足，按之有余。
（沉为在里。尺寸俱沉者，少阴受病也。然沉而迟者，乃阴证也，宜温之。沉而数者，有热……）
夫缓，去来亦迟，小快于迟。
（缓则为虚。太阳病，其脉缓者，为伤风。惟脾得之，即是本脉。）
夫涩，细而迟，往来难，时一止。
（涩则为少血。寸口涩，少气，上焦冷。关上涩，胃冷脾痛。尺涩，小便数，小腹冷，三部不足……）
夫迟，呼吸三至，去来极迟。
（迟则为寒。寸口迟，则上焦冷。关上迟，胃冷不欲食，吞酸吐冷水。尺中迟，小便多，并……）
夫伏，极重按之，指着骨乃得。
（伏主物聚。寸口伏，胸中逆气。关上伏，有水气，溏泄。尺中伏，水谷不化。大抵关前得之，多为热，关后得之，多为冷，关中得之，阴阳结，或冷或热不定，当以余证参之。）
夫濡，按之似无，举之全无力。
（形与缓、涩、迟，脉虽稍殊，其为冷证皆一也。）
夫弱，极软而沉细，按之欲绝指下。
（弱为虚。寸口弱，阳气虚，汗自出。关弱，无胃气，胃中有热，脉弱为虚热病作不可大攻……）
夫脉按之来缓，时一止复来，又脉来动而中止，不能自还，因而复动。
夫有结脉，有促脉，有代脉。结者阴也，阴盛则结。脉来缓，时一止复来，曰结。主胸满烦……
（太阳病，下之后，脉促，胸满者，桂枝去芍药汤主之。若微寒者，桂枝去芍药加附子汤主……芩黄……）
大抵结、促之脉，虽时一止，为病脉，非死脉也。唯代脉者，真死矣。往来缓动而中止，不……
夫脉浮而紧涩，头疼，身体拘急，恶寒无汗，寒多热少，面色惨而不舒，腰脊疼痛，手足指……
盖伤寒之候，发热恶寒，头疼，腰脊痛，脉紧无汗，宜发汗而解，麻黄汤主之。经曰：只与……
（杂方中，人参顺气散，葱豉汤，苍术散，麻黄葛根汤，可选而用之。）
然太阳病，亦有热多寒少者，须仔细看脉与证也。热多寒少，不呕，清便自可，宜桂枝麻黄……热一解……
夫脉浮而缓，寸大而尺弱，自汗体热，头疼恶风，热多寒少，其面光而不惨，烦足不冷。
盖伤风之候，头疼发热，脉缓，汗出恶风，当须解肌，宜桂枝汤主之。轻者，只与柴胡桂枝……
（杂方中，败毒散，独活散，可选用。）
The pulse at the Cun Kou (Cun position, radial artery) is weak and slow. "Weak" indicates insufficiency of Yang Qi (Yang energy). "Slow" indicates excess of Stomach Qi (Stomach energy). Symptoms include belching, acid regurgitation, sudden inability to swallow food, and a sensation of Qi blocking the upper Diaphragm (Diaphragm area).
(Weakness arises from insufficient Yang Qi. Yang aids in digesting grains; insufficient Yang Qi leads to an inability to digest grain food. Slowness arises from excess Stomach Qi, meaning undigested grains remain in the Stomach.)
The pulse at the Fu Yang (Dazu point, dorsalis pedis artery) is tight and floating. "Floating" represents Qi, and "tight" represents Cold. Floating causes abdominal fullness, while tight causes colic pain. When floating and tight contend with each other, borborygmus (intestinal rumbling) occurs, and movement ensues; movement stimulates Qi dynamics.
(Floating indicates deficiency of Stomach Qi, while tight indicates Cold in the Spleen. Stomach deficiency leads to fullness, and Spleen Cold leads to pain. The contention of deficiency and Cold causes borborygmus and movement, which then affects the Qi in the Diaphragm...)
The pulse at the Cun Kou is faint and choppy. "Faint" indicates that Wei Qi (Defensive Qi) does not circulate. "Choppy" indicates that Ying Qi (Nutritive Qi) does not reach. Ying and Wei cannot coordinate with each other, leaving the San Jiao (Triple Burner) without support, resulting in numbness and lack of sensation in the body.
(The blood nourishes the San Jiao, and Qi protects it. When both Ying and Wei are damaged and cannot coordinate their circulation, the San Jiao lacks foundation, leading to bodily...)
The pulse at the Fu Yang is deep and rapid. "Deep" indicates Excess, and "rapid" indicates the ability to digest grains. If the pulse is tight, the disease is difficult to treat.
("Deep" indicating Excess means Deep signifies interior conditions. "Rapid" indicating digestion of grains means Rapid signifies Heat. Tight is the Liver pulse appearing in the Spleen region; Wood overcoming Earth is called "Ghost Thief Mutual Punishment," hence it is said to be difficult to treat.)
The pulse at the Cun Kou is faint and choppy. "Faint" indicates decline of Wei Qi, and "choppy" indicates insufficiency of Ying Qi. Decline of Wei Qi results in a sallow complexion; insufficiency of Ying Qi results in a bluish complexion.
(Wei is Qi; a sallow complexion indicates Wei Qi decline. Ying is Blood; a bluish complexion indicates Ying Blood decline. Ying circulates within the vessels as the root, while Wei circulates outside the vessels...)
The pulse at the Fu Yang is floating and hollow. "Floating" indicates decline of Wei Qi, and "hollow" indicates injury to Ying Qi. The body becomes emaciated, and muscles present with rough, scale-like texture. The contention of floating and hollow pulses leads to the decline of Zong Qi (Pectoral Qi).
(The Classics state: Abundant Wei Qi is called "Gao"; those with Gao experience sudden mania and obesity. Abundant Ying Qi is called "Zhang"; those with Zhang experience sudden luster and radiance. Their bodies are thin... skin...)
The pulse at the Cun Kou is faint and slow. "Faint" indicates dispersion of Wei Qi; dispersion leads to emptiness in the skin. "Slow" indicates solidity of Stomach Qi; solidity means grains are digested and water is transformed. Grains enter the Stomach...
(Wei is Yang; faint indicates loss of Yang. A faint pulse indicates dispersed Wei Qi. Wei warms the muscle intervals and thickens the interstices. Once Wei Qi is dispersed, the skin fails to receive warmth and thickening, thus... becoming dense. Dispersed Wei Qi means Qi does not follow its normal course, severing the San Jiao's normal regulation.)
The pulse at the Fu Yang is faint and tight. Tight indicates Cold, and faint indicates Deficiency. The contention of faint and tight leads to shortness of breath.
(Middle Qi deficiency combined with Cold naturally results in shortness of Qi.)
The pulse at the Shao Yin (Kidney channel) is weak and choppy. Weakness brings slight irritability, and choppy brings cold extremities.
(Irritability is Heat. A weak Shao Yin pulse indicates Yin deficiency. Yin deficiency generates Heat. Observing a Yang pulse in a Yin region does not indicate severe deficiency, hence slight irritability arises.)
The pulse at the Fu Yang is imperceptible; the Spleen fails to ascend and descend, resulting in cold body and hard skin.
(The Spleen and Stomach are the roots of Ying and Wei. If the Spleen ascends and descends properly, water and grains are ground and digested, allowing Ying and Wei Qi to circulate. Spleen Qi deficiency and failure to ascend/descend lead to disruptions in Ying and Wei...)
The pulse at the Shao Yin is absent; Kidney Qi is微弱 (faint), Jing and Blood are scanty. Rushing Qi presses urgently, entering the chest and diaphragm. Zong Qi gathers inversely, Blood clots under the heart, Yang Qi retreats downward, and Heat...
(Shi Jue (Corpse Syncope) arises from Jue (Cold Reversal); the form loses consciousness, resembling a corpse, hence the name. Absence of the Shao Yin pulse allows Jue Qi to lodge in the Kidney... five calls... thigh... period...)
The pulse at the Cun Kou is faint, and the Chi (Cun-Kou distal) pulse is tight. The person suffers from deficiency and wasting, with excessive sweating. It is known that Yin is constantly present, while Yang is absolutely absent.
(Cun faint indicates loss of Yang; Chi tight indicates Yin dominance. Yang faint and Yin dominant is termed deficiency and wasting. Furthermore, excessive sweating further damages Yang Qi, meaning Yin remains constant...)
All faint pulses at the Cun Kou indicate loss of Yang; all soggy pulses indicate loss of Blood; all weak pulses indicate Fever; all tight pulses indicate Cold. All cases where Cold attacks result in Jue (Cold Reversal), depression, dizziness, and insensitivity, because the Stomach lacks grain...
(Wei is Yang; faint indicates weak Wei Qi, hence loss of Yang. Ying is Blood; soggy indicates weak Ying Qi, hence loss of Blood. Weak indicates Yin deficiency; deficiency allows Yang Qi... lacking grain...)
Question: Why do soggy and weak pulses correspond to the eleven heads? Master says: The mutual interaction of the Five Zang and Six Fu organs results in eleven.
(Soggy and weak represent Qi and Blood. The term "eleven heads" refers to the total of Five Zang and Six Fu organs.)
Question: How do we know if one organ overacts on another Fu organ? How do we know if it overacts on a Zang organ? Master says: All Yang pulses that are floating and rapid indicate overaction on a Fu organ; all Yin pulses that are slow and choppy indicate overaction on a Zang organ.
(Fu organs are Yang; observing Yang pulses indicates overaction on a Fu organ. Zang organs are Yin; observing Yin pulses indicates overaction on a Zang organ.)
The Ren Ying (Human Welcome) pulse is located one fen anterior to the Guan position on the left hand, corresponding to the Liver and Gallbladder positions. If the pulse is tight and vigorous due to Cold injury, it is located one and a half cun lateral to the Adam's apple, where the arterial pulse is palpable... Zang governs... also belongs to...
The Tai Xi (Great Stream) acupoint is located in the depression of the arterial pulse above the medial malleolus of the foot. Why must the Tai Xi pulse be examined in Shang Han (Cold Damage)? The Tai Xi acupoint belongs to the Shao Yin Kidney meridian. In men, it relates to... Yin disease... Root. Leaves wither... those who do not vomit... will become withered...
The Chong Yang (Surging Yang) acupoint, also known as Hui Yuan, is located five cun above the foot sole, on the arterial pulse between the bones, three cun away from Xian Gu. Why must the Chong Yang pulse be examined in Shang Han? Answer... The clear part becomes Ying, which is Blood. The turbid part becomes Wei, which is Qi. Ying circulates within the vessels, and Wei circulates outside. Yin and Yang connect continuously, cycling endlessly. The Stomach is the Sea of Water and Grain; Earth receives the four seasons to observe the presence or absence of Stomach Qi.
If the pulse is slow with occasional pauses before returning, it is called a Knot Pulse (Jie Mai). Accumulation of Qi and痞 (Pi syndrome) caused by worry and thought... large movement stops midway, unable to return... Licorice Decoction. Furthermore, based on pulse theory: In treating Shang Han, the pulse is primary, and symptoms are secondary. If symptoms are like this, the pulse is also like this; regulations are followed directly. If symptoms involve Heat, treat accordingly, so that flow is unimpeded and strength is not lost. Surging [pulse] only indicates pathogen. Pathogen exploits deficiency.
Exterior having pulse, interior lacking pulse indicates Exterior Excess and Interior Deficiency. Exterior lacking pulse, interior having pulse indicates Interior Excess and Exterior Deficiency. The meaning of Excess and Deficiency follows the presence or absence of the pulse... Eight Difficulties... Overacting on Yang... Enter... To... Prosper... Prosper... Yang... Of... Shi... Damage... Below... Have... Correctly fear Yang excess entering interior, and mistakenly using Guizhi Tang (Cinnamon Twig Decoction) to induce sweat; interior gains Heat to assist the pathogen, exterior withdraws deficiency damaging Righteous Qi, how can death not occur? Observing that ancient exterior-releasing medicines were mostly warm, and interior-attacking medicines were mostly cold, we understand the subtle meaning of Yin/Yang deficiency/excess, not just for inducing sweat, but precisely for setting the temperature of medicines. Must this not be clearly distinguished?
In treating Shang Han, internally examine the pulse, externally examine symptoms. The major principle is to first distinguish Exterior/Interior and Excess/Deficiency. Disease in the Exterior has Exterior Deficiency and Exterior Excess. Disease in the Interior... Slow. Pulse... Cold... With... Red... Same.
The Tai Yang channel belongs to the Bladder; without inducing sweat, it cannot heal. One must use Guizhi Tang (Cinnamon Twig Decoction) and Mahuang Tang (Ephedra Decoction) to assist Yang and repel pathogens. Yang Ming belongs to the Stomach; without purgation and drainage, it cannot recover... Heat... Fu Zi (Aconite Root)... Yang... Yang... Have... All... Are... Poisonous gas entering Zang organs must all be treated with purgation. Knowing this, the method of using medicines for Shang Han responds flexibly without end. Although Shang Han spreads through the six channels in seven days, this is an approximate rule. Sometimes it stays in one channel from start to finish, or stops after transmitting to one or two channels; one must not be rigid. Only verify according to the pulse and external symptoms; this is the flexible method.
When fever, aversion to cold, and body pain occur, and the pulse is floating, resolving the Exterior is undoubtedly correct. If there is no aversion to cold but frequent aversion to heat, with excessive sweating and dry throat, purge the Interior.
External symptoms of the Three Yang channels: Waist and spine pain, headache, heat, aversion to cold; eye pain, sweating, heat, dry nose; deafness, bitter taste, occasional dry retching; chest, hypochondrium, and rib pain, alternating cold and heat, dryness.
Tai Yang syndrome: Waist and spine stiffness, head and neck pain, fever, aversion to cold. If Wind Strike, then nasal congestion and aversion to wind.
Yang Ming syndrome: Eye pain, body heat, dry nose, no aversion to cold, but aversion to heat, spontaneous sweating, inability to lie down, interior excess, difficulty defecating.
Shao Yin syndrome: Deafness, chest and hypochondrium pain, or bitter taste and dry throat, vertigo, or alternating cold and heat with vomiting. Yang diseases: Light body and light pulse; external symptoms: High fever, irritability, thirst, constipation of urine and stool, sweating on head and face, confusion, coarse breathing, waving hands and throwing feet.
External symptoms of the Three Yin channels: Intestinal fullness, warm limbs, diarrhea without irritability; dry tongue and throat with thirst or aversion to cold, blue lips, curled tongue, much irritability and fullness, tendon spasms, retraction of the scrotum and cramping.
Tai Yin syndrome: Abdominal fullness or pain, warm hands and feet, spontaneous diarrhea without thirst, dryness below the throat.
Shao Yin syndrome: Dry mouth and tongue with thirst, or neutral taste in mouth, all with aversion... Tendon spasm... Large and small... Restlessness... Stomach resolve...
Standard methods of sweating, purging, and warming:
Tai Yang Wind Strike with spontaneous sweating and aversion to wind: Use Guizhi Tang (Cinnamon Twig Decoction).
Shang Han with no sweating and aversion to cold: Use Mahuang Tang (Ephedra Decoction).
If Wind and Cold are both vigorous, use... Mahuang... Sweating too much... Decoction.
For abdomen... Tongue not dry, and aversion to cold on the back: Use Sini Tang (Frigid Extremities Decoction) for both. If urine is white, also use Sini Tang.
At the onset of illness, if the pulse is deep but there is contrary fever: Use Mahuang Xixin Fuzi Tang (Ephedra, Asarum, and Prepared Aconite Root Decoction).
If mouth is dry, throat is parched, and thirsty: Purge urgently using Dachengqi Tang (Major Order the Qi Decoction).
Jue Yin pulse faint and floating indicates impending recovery; if not floating, not recovered yet: Use Xiaojianzhong Tang (Minor Construct the Middle Decoction).
Pulse floating and slow, resembling malaria, with no scrotal retraction: Also indicates impending recovery. Use Guizhi Mahuang Ban Ge Tang (Half Guizhi Half Ephedra Decoction).
Pulse deep and short: Scrotum will definitely retract; poisonous gas has entered Zang organs. Chengqi Tang may be used to purge. If diarrhea does not stop: Use Sini Tang.
Cold invading the Three Yin channels: Mild cases use Lizhong Tang (Regulate the Middle Decoction). Slight cold extremities or cold-induced diarrhea: Use Ganjiang Gancao Tang (Dried Ginger and Licorice Decoction). Severe cases: Use Sini Tang. No pulse: Use Tongmai Sini Tang (Pulse-Recovering Frigid Extremities Decoction). Among the six channels, Shao Yin is the most difficult to treat. Generally, distinguish Heat by dry mouth and thirst, and distinguish Cold by deep and slow pulse. However, there are cases with no Heat in Exterior or Interior, only irritability, silence, unwillingness to see light, deep and fine pulse, or occasional abdominal pain. These may be treated with Sishun Tang, adding Dried Ginger, adjusting increases and decreases; Lizhong Wan (Regulate the Middle Pill) is also acceptable. For all Yin syndromes, Baicong Tang (White Onion Decoction), Sini Tang, and Tongmai Tang regulations: If hesitant to use them immediately, substitute with Lizhong Tang and Gancao Ganjiang Tang (Licorice and Dried Ginger Decoction). Although Yin Cold also has toxicity, being the pathogenic Qi, stagnation must be moved. Yangzheng Dan (Nourish Righteous Elixir), Jin Ye Dan (Golden Liquid Elixir), Banshu Wan (Half Sulfur Pill) can all promote drainage and are important medicines.
The positions of the Three Parts: Left and right hands, one cun from the Thenar eminence is named Cun Kou. One chi from Chi Ze is named Chi Bu. Between the two boundaries is named Guan. Regarding the number of Guan... Three Yang... Above... Cannot...
(Modern people consider weak Chi pulse in men and strong Chi pulse in women as "reverse," which is incorrect. Men have surplus Yang, so pulses are superior, and Chi pulse must be weak. Using left... is correct.)
The Sages use [pulse diagnosis] to observe Yin and Yang and determine life and death. Although meridians circulate like an endless ring, how can they escape the Three Parts?
The method of pulse examination: Upon initially placing fingers, first use the middle finger to press and locate the Guan position, then place the index and ring fingers simultaneously to form the Three Parts pulse. The front finger is Cun Kou. (Men: Left hand first. Women: Right hand first.)
Lightly press and observe, then moderately press and observe, then heavily press and observe, then observe to the end upwards, then observe to the end downwards, then push fingers outward and observe.
(Physicians note that fat people have floating pulses because muscles are dense, requiring heavy pressure to feel. If felt lightly, the floating is extreme. Physicians note that thin people have deep pulses because...)
Generally, take the pulse only when breathing is calm. One exhalation and one inhalation constitute one "Xi" (breath cycle). Within one Xi, the pulse beats four or five times, neither too large nor too small... Details.
(Associated parts: Heart position is Surging, Lung position is Floating, Kidney position is Deep, Liver position is String-taut, Spleen position is Slow. Four Seasons: Spring pulse is String-taut, Summer pulse is Surging. Correspondence.)
Regarding pulse and breath signs: Pulse uses flesh as Yang and blood as Yin. Hua Tuo said: Pulse is the precursor of Qi and Blood. Abundant Qi and Blood mean abundant pulse. Short breath corresponds to short pulse. Impatient nature corresponds to urgent pulse. Relaxed nature corresponds to slow pulse. Reverse of this is adverse. According to Nei Jing: Full form with fine pulse, insufficient breath to breathe—dangerous. Thin form with large pulse, much Qi in chest—death. Form and Qi matching—life. Inconsistent pulse—disease. Nan Jing says: Rapid is Fu, Slow is Zang. Rapid indicates Heat, Slow indicates Cold. All Yang is Heat, all Yin is Cold. Wang Shuhe said: Deep pulse is Interior, Floating pulse is Exterior. Slow is Zang, Rapid is Fu. Slippery is Excess and Lowering, Rapid is Deficiency and Heat. Zhang Zhongjing said: Large, Floating, Rapid, Moving, Slippery are named Yang. Deep, Choppy, Weak, String-taut, Faint are named Yin. Yin disease seeing Yang pulse lives; Yang disease seeing Yin pulse dies. Generally, Yang pulses are often floating and fast; Yin pulses are often deep and slow. Seven Tables belong to Fu, disease in Yang; seen in Spring/Summer, easy to treat. Eight Li belong to Zang, disease in Yin; seen in Autumn/Winter, still mild. Suppose Rapid is in the left Cun; if felt superficially, Heat enters Small Intestine; if felt deeply, Heat enters Heart. Others follow this. Pulse principles are subtle and cannot be fully discussed in words; the outline is here. Wang Shuhe said: Easy to understand in heart, difficult to clarify under fingers; it depends on familiarity.
The Seven Tables: Floating, Hollow, Slippery, Solid, String-taut, Tight, Surging. Seven Tables are Yang. Yang numbers are odd.
Floating: Insufficient upon pressing, sufficient upon lifting.
(Cun Kou floating: Person has Wind, fever, headache. Guan floating: Abdominal fullness. Chi floating: Difficulty urinating. Fu Yang floating: Indicates Deficiency.)
Hollow: Floating, large, and soft; empty in the center when pressed, solid on sides.
(Hollow indicates Blood loss. Cun Kou hollow: Mainly hematemesis. Slightly hollow: Epistaxis. Guan hollow: Hematochezia. Chi hollow: Hematuria.)
Slippery: Fast coming and going, yet smooth, resembling Rapid.
(Slippery pulse is Yang. Cun Kou slippery: Yang excess. Guan slippery: Vomiting and reflux. Chi slippery: Red urine. Women: Menstrual irregularity. However, Chi...)
Solid: Large and long, responding to touch when pressed; obtained in both floating and deep positions.
(Cun Kou solid: Upper Jiao Heat. Guan solid: Abdominal distension. Chi solid: Lower abdominal pain, astringent urination.)
String-taut: Not felt upon lifting, feels like a bowstring when pressed. Also said: Floating and tight constitutes String-taut, shaped like a bowstring, immovable when pressed.
(Yang string-taut causes headache, Yin string-taut causes abdominal pain. Generally, Shang Han pulses must be string-taut, as Ren Ying pulse is vigorous; Shang Han affecting Ren Ying belongs to Shaoyang division, Shaoyang... severe...)
Tight: Solid and rapid when pressed, resembling cutting a rope.
(Tight indicates Cold. Cun Kou tight: Headache. Guan tight: Fullness and pain below heart. Chi tight: Pain below umbilicus. Both Yin and Yang tight: Clear pathogen attacks upper, Turbid...)
Surging: Very large under fingers, filling the finger upon lifting and pressing.
(Cun Kou surging: Chest and diaphragm irritability and heat. Guan surging: Stomach Heat, dry mouth. Chi surging: Blood in urine and stool. Three parts surging: Triple Burner all Heat...)
The Eight Li: Faint, Deep, Slow, Choppy, Slow, Hidden, Soggy, Weak. Eight Li are Yin. Yin numbers are even.
Faint: As if present or absent, extremely fine and soft.
(Faint indicates Deficiency. Cun Kou faint: Yang insufficiency. Yang faint causes aversion to cold, Yin faint causes diarrhea.)
Deep: Insufficient upon lifting, sufficient upon pressing.
(Depth indicates Interior. Deep in both Cun and Chi: Shao Yin disease. However, Deep and Slow is Yin syndrome, suitable for warming. Deep and Rapid has Heat...)
Slow: Coming and going is also slow, slightly faster than Chi (very slow).
(Slow indicates Deficiency. Tai Yang disease, if pulse is slow, it is Wind Strike. Only Spleen obtaining this is its native pulse.)
Choppy: Fine and slow, difficult coming and going, occasionally pausing.
(Choppy indicates little Blood. Cun Kou choppy: Little Qi, Upper Jiao Cold. Guan choppy: Cold Stomach, Spleen pain. Chi choppy: Frequent urination, lower abdominal cold, Three parts insufficiency...)
Chi (Very Slow): Three beats per respiration, coming and going extremely slowly.
(Chi indicates Cold. Cun Kou Chi: Upper Jiao Cold. Guan Chi: Cold Stomach, no desire to eat, acid regurgitation, vomiting cold water. Chi Chi: Frequent urination, and...)
Hidden: Requires extreme heavy pressure, felt only when touching bone.
(Hidden indicates accumulation of substances. Cun Kou hidden: Rebellious Qi in chest. Guan hidden: Water Qi, loose stools. Chi hidden: Undigested food and water. Generally, obtained anterior to Guan: mostly Heat; posterior to Guan: mostly Cold; central Guan: Yin-Yang knotting, cold or heat不定, refer to other symptoms.)
Soggy: Seems absent when pressed, completely powerless when lifted.
(Form differs slightly from Slow, Choppy, Chi, but all indicate Cold syndromes.)
Weak: Extremely soft, deep, and fine; feels as if disappearing under fingers when pressed.
(Weak indicates Deficiency. Cun Kou weak: Yang Qi deficiency, spontaneous sweating. Guan weak: No Stomach Qi, Heat in Stomach. Pulse weak indicates Deficient Heat syndrome, cannot attack strongly...)
Pulse comes slowly with occasional pauses before returning, or pulse comes moving then stops midway, unable to return, then moves again.
There are Knot Pulses, Cramping Pulses, and Intermitting Pulses. Knot is Yin; Yin excess causes Knot. Pulse comes slowly with occasional pauses before returning, called Knot. Mainly chest fullness and irritability...
(Tai Yang disease, after purging, if pulse is Cramping and chest is full: Guizhi Qu Shaoyao Tang (Guizhi Decoction without Paeonia) governs. If slightly cold: Guizhi Qu Shaoyao Jia Fuzi Tang (Guizhi Decoction without Paeonia plus Aconite) governs... Qin Huang...)
Generally, Knot and Cramping pulses, though pausing occasionally, are disease pulses, not death pulses. Only Intermitting Pulses are truly fatal. Coming and going slowly, moving then stopping, not...
Pulse floating, tight, and choppy; headache, body stiffness, aversion to cold, no sweating, more Cold than Heat, pale and unhappy complexion, waist and spine pain, finger toes...
Generally, Shang Han signs: Fever, aversion to cold, headache, waist and spine pain, tight pulse, no sweating. Induce sweat to resolve; Mahuang Tang governs. Classics say: Only give...
(In miscellaneous formulas: Renshen Shunqi San (Ginseng Regulating Qi Powder), Congchi Tang (Scallion and Soybean Decoction), Cangzhu San (Atractylodes Powder), Mahuang Gegen Tang (Ephedra and Kudzu Decoction) can be selected and used.)
However, Tai Yang disease also has cases with more Heat than Cold; one must carefully examine pulse and symptoms. More Heat than Cold, no vomiting, normal urination and stool: Guizhi Mahuang... Heat... One... Resolve...
Pulse floating and slow, Cun large and Chi weak, spontaneous sweating, body heat, headache, aversion to wind, more Heat than Cold, face lustrous not pale, irritability, feet not cold.
Generally, Wind Strike signs: Headache, fever, slow pulse, sweating, aversion to wind. Must resolve muscle layer; Guizhi Tang governs. Mild cases: Only Chaihu Guizhi...
(In miscellaneous formulas: Baidu San (Resist Toxin Powder), Duhuo San (Angelica Pubescens Powder) can be selected and used.)
Treating Tai Yang Wind Strike with sweating: Use Guizhi Tang.
(All tight pulses must have no sweating; only soggy and tight pulses have sweating. Do not mistakenly use Guizhi; use Xiaojianzhong Tang instead. Must be floating and slow pulse.)