夫五脏六腑者。内应骨髓。外合皮毛肤肉。若病从外生。则皮毛肤肉关格强急。若病从
内发。则骨髓痛疼。然阴阳表里。外皮内髓。其源不可不详之也。皮虚者寒。皮实者热。凡
皮虚实之应主于肺大肠。其病发于皮毛。热则应脏。寒则应腑。
方
栀子煎（出千金方）治皮实。主肺病热气。
栀子仁 枳实（炒） 大青 杏仁 柴胡 芒硝 生地黄 淡竹叶（切各一升） 生玄
参
（五两）
蒴 蒸汤（出千金方）治皮虚主大肠病。寒气关格。
蒴 根叶（切三升） 桃叶皮枝（切升） 菖蒲叶（切三升） 细糠（一斗） 秫米（五
升） 上
以水一石五升。煮取米熟为度。大盆器贮之。于盆上作小竹床子罩盆。人身坐床中。四面周
回。将席荐障风。身上以衣被盖覆。若气急时。开孔对中泄气。取通身接汗。可得两食久许。
如此三日。蒸还。温药足汁用之。若盆里不过热。盆下安炭火。非但治寒。但是皮肤一切劳
冷。悉皆治之。
夫气极者主肺也。肺应气。气与肺合。又曰以秋遇病为皮痹。皮痹不已。复感于邪。内
舍于
伤风邪之气。为肺风。风之状多汗。若阴。伤则寒。寒则虚。虚则气逆咳。咳则短气。暮则
甚。阴气至。湿气生。故甚。阴畏阳气。昼日则瘥。若阳伤则热。热则实。实则气喘息上胸
臆。甚则唾血也。然阳病治阴。阴是其里。阴病治阳。阳是其表。是以阴阳表里衰王之源。
故知以阳调阴。以阴调阳。阳气实则决。阴气虚则引。善治病者。初入皮毛肌肤筋脉则治之
。若至六腑五脏。半死矣。
扁鹊云。气绝不治。喘而冷汗出。二日死。气应手太阴。太阴气绝。则皮毛焦。太阴者。
行气温于皮毛者也。气不荣则皮毛焦。皮毛焦则津液去。津液去则毛节伤。毛节伤则爪枯。
毛折则气先死。丙笃丁死。火胜金所致也。
夫六极者。天气通于肺。地气通于嗌。风气应于肝。雷气动于心。谷气感于脾。雨气润
于肾。六经为川。肠胃为海。九窍为水注之气。所以窍应于五脏。五脏邪伤。则六腑生极。
故曰五脏六极也。
方
钟乳丸（出圣惠方）治气极肺脏虚寒。胸胁胀满。呼吸短气。咳逆胸痛。四肢
淅洒。毛皮干
钟乳粉（二两） 五味子（三分） 桂心（三分） 石菖蒲（二分） 鹿角胶（一两捣
碎炒令黄
燥） 白茯苓（一两） 黄 （一两生） 干地黄 川椒（五分去目及闭口者微炒去汗） 白
术（三
分） 诃黎勒（一两半用皮） 木香（三分） 人参（一两去芦头） 天门冬（一两半去心
焙） 上
为末。炼蜜和捣三五百杵。丸如梧桐子大。每服以水酒下三十丸。空心及食前服。忌鲤鱼、
牛血。
甘露丸 治肺脏气极。风热所伤。津液不通。
甘草（炙锉） 生地黄 大黄（蒸锉焙） 天门冬（去心焙各一两） 防风（去叉） 远
志（去
心） 羌活（去芦头） 桑白皮（锉焙） 秦艽（去苗土） 地骨皮（各三分） 玄参 羚
羊角（镑）
胡黄连（各半两） 金粉（一两） 上为末。炼蜜和丸如梧桐子大。每服二十丸。食后姜、
蜜汤
送下。
钟乳散（出千金方）治气虚极。皮毛焦。津液不通。加之腹胀。甚则喘急气短
鼻塞。昼差夜
钟乳粉炼成 干姜（炮） 桔梗 茯苓 附子（炮去皮脐） 细辛（去苗） 桂心 人
参（各
一两一分） 白术（一两） 防风 牡蛎（ ） 栝蒌（各二两半） 上为末。每服二大钱。
温酒
调下。食前服。
前胡散（出千金方）治肺急胸膈不利。咳逆。头痛。呕吐不下食。
前胡（二两去芦头） 半夏（一两汤洗七次去滑） 枳壳（半两麸炒微黄去瓤） 赤芍
药（二
两） 麻黄（一两去根节） 人参（一两去芦头） 赤茯苓（一两） 陈皮（一两洗浸去白
瓤） 白
术（一两） 浓朴（一两去粗皮生姜汁制） 甘草（三两炙微赤锉） 上为末。每服三钱。
以水一
中盏
黄 汤 治肺极虚寒。皮毛枯燥。津液不通。
黄 （锉焙） 人参 白术 桂（去粗皮） 赤茯苓（去黑皮） 附子（炮裂去皮脐） 麻
黄
（去节） 柴胡（去苗） 半夏（汤洗去滑焙） 甘草（炙锉） 桔梗（锉焙各一两） 上
锉如麻豆
大。每服
天麻丸 治肺极虚寒皮痹。
天麻（酒炙锉炒） 干姜（炮） 桂（去粗皮） 桔梗（切锉） 附子（炮裂去皮脐各
二两） 木
香独活（去苗头各三两） 白术（炒） 诃黎勒（煨去核） 麻黄（去根节） 细辛（去
苗叶各半
两）
黄 散（出圣惠方）治肺极虚热。皮毛干焦。津液不通。四肢无力。
黄 （一两锉） 人参（一两去芦头） 桂心（一两） 紫菀（一两洗去苗土） 杏仁
（一两汤
浸去皮尖双仁麸炒微黄） 五味子（一两） 陈橘皮（三分浸去白焙） 柴胡（一两去苗） 甘
草
（半两炙微黄锉） 麦门冬（一两半去心焙） 桑白皮（一两锉） 上为散。每服四钱。水
一中盏。
入
五味子散 治气极寒伤于肺。咳嗽短气不得息。胸中迫急。
五味子（一两） 诃黎勒（一两半煨用皮） 紫菀（一两洗去苗土） 桂心（一两） 麻
黄（去
根节一两） 干姜（半两炮制锉） 前胡（一两去芦头） 细辛（一两炙微赤锉） 木香（半
两）
甘草（半两炙微赤锉） 款冬花（一两） 上为散。每服四钱。水一中盏。生姜半分。枣三
枚。
煎至
诃黎勒丸 治气极呼吸短气。脏虚腹胀。
诃黎勒（一两半煨用皮） 干姜（一两炮锉） 桂心（一两） 桔梗（一两去芦头） 附
子（一
两炮裂去皮脐） 木香（一两） 五味子（一两） 白术（半两） 人参（一两去芦头） 沉
香（一
两） 枳壳（半两麸炒微黄去瓤） 上为末。炼蜜和丸。捣三二百杵。丸如梧桐子大。每服
二
十丸。
麻黄散 治气极肺虚。上气喘急。
麻黄（一两去根节） 杏仁（一两汤浸去皮尖双仁麸炒微黄） 桂心（半两） 五味子
（三分）
麦门冬（一两半去心焙） 细辛（半两） 诃黎勒（一两半煨用皮） 甘草（半两炙微赤锉）
紫苏
子（半两焙） 上为散。每服三钱。以水一中盏。入生姜半分。枣三枚。煎至六分去滓。不
计
时候。温服。
竹叶饮子 治气极伤热则气喘急。甚则唾血。气短乏。不欲饮食。口燥咽干。
竹叶（二升） 麦门冬（半两去心） 小麦（半合） 生地黄（半两） 地骨皮（一两
捣碎） 黄
（一两锉） 麻黄（半两去根节） 甘草（一分炒微赤） 石膏（一两捣碎） 上为散。
每服五
钱。水一盏。入生姜半分。枣三枚。煎至六分。食后温服。
五味子汤 治气极寒喘嗽。短气胸迫急。
五味子（炒） 甘草（炙锉） 紫菀（去苗土） 桂（去粗皮） 麻黄（去根节） 干
姜（炮） 芎
细辛（去苗叶各一两） 上捣筛。每服五钱。水一盏半。枣二枚。煎至七分。空心服。
夜
卧各
前胡汤 治肺气实极。胸膈不利。咳逆短气。呕吐不下食。
前胡（去苗） 半夏（汤炮七次） 杏仁（去皮尖麸炒） 紫苏子（炒） 枳实（去瓤
麸炒） 橘
皮（去白） 桑白皮（炙） 甘草（炙各等分） 上罗匀。每服四钱。水一盏半。姜五片。
煎至八
分
紫菀汤 治肺虚极。皮毛焦。津液不通。四肢无力。或喘急气短。
紫菀茸（洗） 干姜（炮） 黄 （去芦） 五味子 人参 钟乳粉 杏仁（去皮尖麸
炒） 甘
草（炙各等分） 上杵罗。每服四钱。水一盏。生姜五片。枣子一枚。煎至七分去滓。温服。
不
麻黄汤 气极伤热。肺虚多汗。唾嗽上气喘急。
麻黄（四两去节） 甘草（二两炙） 桂心（二两） 生姜（二两） 紫菀（一两） 石
膏（六两
碎） 半夏（五十枚姜汁制四破） 杏仁（四十枚去皮尖双仁） 上切。以水九升。煎麻黄
两沸。
去上
前胡汤 治气实急。喘息冲胸。常欲自恚。心腹满痛。内外有热。烦呕不安。甚则
唾血。气
前胡（八两） 半夏（汤浸七次去滑） 麻黄（去节） 芍药（各六两） 黄芩（三两）
枳实
（麸炒去瓤一两） 上锉散。每服四钱。水二盏。生姜七片。枣二枚。煎至七分去滓。不以
时
候服
麦门冬竹叶汤 治气极伤热气喘。甚则唾血。气短乏。不欲食。口燥咽干。
麦门冬（去心二两） 小麦（一合） 麻黄（去根节一两半） 甘草（锉一两） 石膏
（碎三分）
上捣筛。每服五钱。水一盏半。入生姜一片。大枣一枚。竹叶五片。生地半分锉碎。同煎至
一盏去滓。分服。空腹夜卧各一。
麻黄汤 治气极热。肺虚多汗。咳唾上气喘息。
麻黄（去根节二两） 甘草（生锉） 桂（去粗皮） 芎 （各一两） 杏仁（十五枚
汤浸去皮
尖双仁生研） 上捣筛四味。入研杏仁拌匀。每服五钱。以水一盏半。煎至一盏去滓。分温
二服。空腹夜卧各一。
黄 汤 治气虚寒。皮毛焦。津液不通。虚劳百病。气力乏损。\x
黄 （锉二两） 人参 白术 桂（去粗皮各一两） 上为散。每服三钱。水一盏。入
生姜
半分。枣二枚。煎至七分去滓。温服。空腹夜卧各一。一方加附子一枚。炮制去皮脐。
【背景信息】
书名：普济方 作者：朱梓 朝代：明·永乐四年 章节：皮虚实（附论） / 气极（附论） 类别：方剂
【原文翻译】
五脏六腑，内部与骨髓相应，外部与皮毛、肌肤、肌肉相合。如果病邪从外部侵入，则会导致皮毛、肌肤、肌肉部位出现闭塞不通、僵硬急迫的症状；如果病邪从内部发生，则会导致骨髓疼痛。然而，阴阳、表里的关系，以及外皮与内髓的联系，其根源不可不详细探究。皮虚表现为寒证，皮实表现为热证。凡皮虚实的反应主要归属于肺和大肠。病变发于皮毛，热证会应及内脏，寒证会应及六腑。
方剂：
栀子煎（出自《千金方》），治疗皮实证。主治肺脏热气病。
药材：栀子仁、枳实（炒）、大青、杏仁、柴胡、芒硝、生地黄、淡竹叶（切碎，各一升）、生玄参（五两）。
蒴藋蒸汤（出自《千金方》），治疗皮虚证，主治大肠病。寒气导致的气机闭塞不通。
药材：蒴藋根叶（切碎三升）、桃叶、树皮、树枝（切碎一升）、菖蒲叶（切碎三升）、细糠（一斗）、秫米（五升）。
用法：以上药材用水一石五升，煮至米熟为度。用大盆盛装，在盆上放置一个小竹床罩住盆口。人坐在竹床上，四周用席子遮挡防风。身上用衣被覆盖。如果出现气急的情况，打开孔洞让热气从中泄出。目的是让全身出汗，大约持续两个进食的时间。如此连续三天，进行熏蒸后，再用温药足浴汁液使用。如果盆里不够热，可在盆下安放炭火。这不仅治疗寒证，凡是皮肤一切劳损寒冷之症，都能治愈。
所谓“气极”，主要归属于肺。肺对应气，气与肺相合。又说，在秋季患病称为“皮痹”。皮痹如果不愈，再次感受邪气，邪气内舍于肺，伤及风邪之气，称为“肺风”。肺风的症状是多汗，若遇阴气则受伤变寒，寒则导致虚证，虚则引起气逆咳嗽，咳嗽则短气，傍晚时加重。当阴气到达时，湿气滋生，所以病情加重。阴畏阳气，白天阳气盛则病情缓解。如果阳气受伤则发热，热则导致实证，实证则气喘息涌向胸臆，严重时会出现唾血。然而，阳病治阴，阴是其里；阴病治阳，阳是其表。因此要明了阴阳表里盛衰的根源，懂得以阳调阴，以阴调阳。阳气实则疏泄，阴气虚则牵引。善于治病的人，在病邪初入皮毛、肌肤、筋脉时就进行治疗；如果病邪传至六腑、五脏，患者就半死半活了。
扁鹊说：气绝者不治，喘促且冷汗出，两天后死亡。气脉应手太阴肺经。手太阴气绝，则皮毛枯焦。太阴经是运行气温煦皮毛的经脉。气不能荣养，则皮毛枯焦；皮毛枯焦则津液流失；津液流失则毛窍受损；毛窍受损则指甲干枯；毛发折断则气先死。丙日病重，丁日死亡，这是火克金所致。
所谓“六极”，天气通于肺，地气通于咽喉，风气应于肝，雷气动于心，谷气感于脾，雨气润于肾。六经如河流，肠胃如大海，九窍是水注之气所通达之处。所以窍穴对应五脏，五脏受邪损伤，则六腑产生极病。所以称为五脏六极。
方剂：
钟乳丸（出自《圣惠方》），治疗气极、肺脏虚寒。症状包括胸胁胀满、呼吸短气、咳逆胸痛、四肢战栗、毛皮干燥。
药材：钟乳粉（二两）、五味子（三分）、桂心（三分）、石菖蒲（二分）、鹿角胶（一两，捣碎炒至黄燥）、白茯苓（一两）、黄芪（一两，生用）、干地黄、川椒（五分，去目及闭口者，微炒去汗）、白术（三分）、诃黎勒（一两半，用皮）、木香（三分）、人参（一两，去芦头）、天门冬（一两半，去心焙）。
用法：以上药材研为末，炼蜜调和，捣三五百杵，制成梧桐子大小的丸药。每次服用三十丸，用水酒送下，空腹及食前服用。忌食鲤鱼、牛血。
甘露丸，治疗肺脏气极。风热所伤，津液不通。
药材：甘草（炙锉）、生地黄、大黄（蒸锉焙）、天门冬（去心焙，各一两）、防风（去叉）、远志（去心）、羌活（去芦头）、桑白皮（锉焙）、秦艽（去苗土）、地骨皮（各三分）、玄参、羚羊角（镑片）、胡黄连（各半两）、金粉（一两）。
用法：以上药材研为末，炼蜜和丸，制成梧桐子大小。每次服用二十丸，食后用姜、蜜汤送下。
钟乳散（出自《千金方》），治疗气虚极。症状包括皮毛焦枯、津液不通，加之腹胀，甚则喘急气短、鼻塞，白天减轻夜晚加重。
药材：钟乳粉（炼成）、干姜（炮）、桔梗、茯苓、附子（炮去皮脐）、细辛（去苗）、桂心、人参（各一两一分）、白术（一两）、防风、牡蛎（煅）、栝蒌（各二两半）。
用法：以上药材研为末。每次服用两大钱，用温酒调下，食前服用。
前胡散（出自《千金方》），治疗肺急、胸膈不利、咳逆、头痛、呕吐不下食。
药材：前胡（二两，去芦头）、半夏（一两，汤洗七次去滑）、枳壳（半两，麸炒微黄去瓤）、赤芍药（二两）、麻黄（一两，去根节）、人参（一两，去芦头）、赤茯苓（一两）、陈皮（一两，洗浸去白瓤）、白术（一两）、浓朴（一两，去粗皮生姜汁制）、甘草（三两，炙微赤锉）。
用法：以上药材研为末。每次服用三钱，用水一中盏，煎煮后服用。
黄芪汤，治疗肺极虚寒。症状包括皮毛枯燥、津液不通。
药材：黄芪（锉焙）、人参、白术、桂（去粗皮）、赤茯苓（去黑皮）、附子（炮裂去皮脐）、麻黄（去节）、柴胡（去苗）、半夏（汤洗去滑焙）、甘草（炙锉）、桔梗（锉焙，各一两）。
用法：以上药材锉如麻豆大。每次服用适量，水煎服。（原文此处剂量描述不全，依文意译）
天麻丸，治疗肺极虚寒、皮痹。
药材：天麻（酒炙锉炒）、干姜（炮）、桂（去粗皮）、桔梗（切锉）、附子（炮裂去皮脐，各二两）、木香、独活（去苗头，各三两）、白术（炒）、诃黎勒（煨去核）、麻黄（去根节）、细辛（去苗叶，各半两）。
用法：以上药材研末，炼蜜和丸，梧桐子大。每次服用适量，温水送下。（原文未详述具体服法，依常规补全语境）
黄芪散（出自《圣惠方》），治疗肺极虚热。症状包括皮毛干焦、津液不通、四肢无力。
药材：黄芪（一两，锉）、人参（一两，去芦头）、桂心（一两）、紫菀（一两，洗去苗土）、杏仁（一两，汤浸去皮尖双仁，麸炒微黄）、五味子（一两）、陈橘皮（三分，浸去白焙）、柴胡（一两，去苗）、甘草（半两，炙微黄锉）、麦门冬（一两半，去心焙）、桑白皮（一两，锉）。
用法：以上药材研为散。每次服用四钱，用水一中盏，煎煮后服用。（原文此处煎煮细节缺失，依文意译）
五味子散，治疗气极寒伤于肺。症状包括咳嗽、短气不得息、胸中迫急。
药材：五味子（一两）、诃黎勒（一两半，煨用皮）、紫菀（一两，洗去苗土）、桂心（一两）、麻黄（去根节一两）、干姜（半两，炮制锉）、前胡（一两，去芦头）、细辛（一两，炙微赤锉）、木香（半两）、甘草（半两，炙微赤锉）、款冬花（一两）。
用法：以上药材研为散。每次服用四钱，用水一中盏，加生姜半分、枣三枚，煎煮后服用。（原文此处煎煮细节缺失，依文意译）
诃黎勒丸，治疗气极呼吸短气、脏虚腹胀。
药材：诃黎勒（一两半，煨用皮）、干姜（一两，炮锉）、桂心（一两）、桔梗（一两，去芦头）、附子（一两，炮裂去皮脐）、木香（一两）、五味子（一两）、白术（半两）、人参（一两，去芦头）、沉香（一两）、枳壳（半两，麸炒微黄去瓤）。
用法：以上药材研为末，炼蜜和丸，捣三二百杵，制成梧桐子大小的丸药。每次服用二十丸。
麻黄散，治疗气极肺虚。症状包括上气喘急。
药材：麻黄（一两，去根节）、杏仁（一两，汤浸去皮尖双仁，麸炒微黄）、桂心（半两）、五味子（三分）、麦门冬（一两半，去心焙）、细辛（半两）、诃黎勒（一两半，煨用皮）、甘草（半两，炙微赤锉）、紫苏子（半两，焙）。
用法：以上药材研为散。每次服用三钱，用水一中盏，加生姜半分、枣三枚，煎至六分，去滓，不计时候，温服。
竹叶饮子，治疗气极伤热。症状包括气喘急，甚则唾血，气短乏力，不欲饮食，口燥咽干。
药材：竹叶（二升）、麦门冬（半两，去心）、小麦（半合）、生地黄（半两）、地骨皮（一两，捣碎）、黄芪（一两，锉）、麻黄（半两，去根节）、甘草（一分，炒微赤）、石膏（一两，捣碎）。
用法：以上药材研为散。每次服用五钱，用水一盏，加生姜半分、枣三枚，煎至六分，食后温服。
五味子汤，治疗气极寒喘嗽、短气胸迫急。
药材：五味子（炒）、甘草（炙锉）、紫菀（去苗土）、桂（去粗皮）、麻黄（去根节）、干姜（炮）、芎䓖、细辛（去苗叶，各一两）。
用法：以上药材捣筛。每次服用五钱，用水一盏半，加枣二枚，煎至七分，空腹服，夜卧各一次。
前胡汤，治疗肺气实极。症状包括胸膈不利、咳逆短气、呕吐不下食。
药材：前胡（去苗）、半夏（汤炮七次）、杏仁（去皮尖麸炒）、紫苏子（炒）、枳实（去瓤麸炒）、橘皮（去白）、桑白皮（炙）、甘草（炙，各等分）。
用法：以上药材罗匀。每次服用四钱，用水一盏半，加姜五片，煎至八分。
紫菀汤，治疗肺虚极。症状包括皮毛焦、津液不通、四肢无力，或喘急气短。
药材：紫菀茸（洗）、干姜（炮）、黄芪（去芦）、五味子、人参、钟乳粉、杏仁（去皮尖麸炒）、甘草（炙，各等分）。
用法：以上药材杵罗。每次服用四钱，用水一盏，加生姜五片、枣子一枚，煎至七分，去滓，温服。
麻黄汤，治疗气极伤热。症状包括肺虚多汗、唾嗽上气喘急。
药材：麻黄（四两，去节）、甘草（二两，炙）、桂心（二两）、生姜（二两）、紫菀（一两）、石膏（六两，碎）、半夏（五十枚，姜汁制四破）、杏仁（四十枚，去皮尖双仁）。
用法：以上药材切碎。用水九升，先煎麻黄两沸，去上沫。
前胡汤，治疗气实急。症状包括喘息冲胸，常欲自恚，心腹满痛，内外有热，烦呕不安，甚则唾血，气...（原文截断）。
药材：前胡（八两）、半夏（汤浸七次去滑）、麻黄（去节）、芍药（各六两）、黄芩（三两）、枳实（麸炒去瓤一两）。
用法：以上药材锉散。每次服用四钱，用水二盏，加生姜七片、枣二枚，煎至七分，去滓，不以时候服。
麦门冬竹叶汤，治疗气极伤热气喘。甚则唾血，气短乏力，不欲食，口燥咽干。
药材：麦门冬（去心二两）、小麦（一合）、麻黄（去根节一两半）、甘草（锉一两）、石膏（碎三分）。
用法：以上药材捣筛。每次服用五钱，用水一盏半，加生姜一片、大枣一枚、竹叶五片、生地半分锉碎，同煎至一盏，去滓，分服。空腹夜卧各一次。
麻黄汤，治疗气极热。症状包括肺虚多汗、咳唾上气喘息。
药材：麻黄（去根节二两）、甘草（生锉）、桂（去粗皮）、芎䓖（各一两）、杏仁（十五枚，汤浸去皮尖双仁生研）。
用法：以上四味捣筛，入研杏仁拌匀。每次服用五钱，用水一盏半，煎至一盏，去滓，分温二服。空腹夜卧各一次。
黄芪汤，治疗气虚寒。症状包括皮毛焦、津液不通、虚劳百病、气力乏损。
药材：黄芪（锉二两）、人参、白术、桂（去粗皮，各一两）。
用法：以上药材研为散。每次服用三钱，用水一盏，加生姜半分、枣二枚，煎至七分，去滓，温服。空腹夜卧各一次。一方加附子一枚，炮制去皮脐。
[Background Information]
Book: Puji Fang (Universal Effective Prescriptions)
Author: Zhu Zi
Dynasty: Ming Dynasty, Yongle 4th Year
Chapter: Skin Deficiency and Excess (with Discussion) / Qi Extremity (with Discussion)
Category: Formulas
The Five Zang organs and Six Fu organs internally correspond to the bone marrow, and externally harmonize with the skin, hair, muscles, and flesh. If disease arises from the exterior, it causes obstruction, stiffness, and urgency in the skin, hair, muscles, and flesh. If disease originates from the interior, it causes pain in the bone marrow. Therefore, the principles of Yin and Yang, Exterior and Interior, as well as the relationship between the outer skin and inner marrow, must be investigated in detail. Skin deficiency manifests as cold, while skin excess manifests as heat. The manifestations of skin deficiency and excess are primarily governed by the Lung and Large Intestine. Pathologies originating in the skin and hair manifest as heat corresponding to the Zang organs, and cold corresponding to the Fu organs.
Formulas:
Zhizi Jian (Gardenia Decoction) [from Qianjin Fang]: Treats skin excess. Mainly treats Lung heat qi pathology.
Ingredients: Zhizi Ren (Gardeniae Fructus), Zhishi (Immature Bitter Orange, stir-fried), Daqing (Isatidis Folium), Xingren (Armeniacae Semen Amarum), Chaihu (Bupleuri Radix), Mangxiao (Natrii Sulfas), Sheng Dihuang (Rehmanniae Radix Recens), Danzhuye (Lophatheri Folium, cut, each 1 sheng), Sheng Xuanshen (Scrophulariae Radix, 5 liang).
Shuodie Zheng Tang (Shuodie Fumigation Decoction) [from Qianjin Fang]: Treats skin deficiency, mainly treating Large Intestine pathology. Cold qi causing obstruction.
Ingredients: Shuodie Genye (Acalyphae Herba root and leaves, cut 3 sheng), Taoye (Peach Leaf), Tupi (Tree Bark), Zhizhi (Branches, cut 1 sheng), Changpuye (Acori Tatarinowii Rhizomatis Folium, cut 3 sheng), Xifang (Fine Bran, 1 dou), Shumi (Sorghum, 5 sheng).
Usage: Boil the above ingredients in 1 dan 5 sheng of water until the rice is cooked. Store in a large basin. Place a small bamboo bed over the basin. Sit on the bed with the body covered by clothes and blankets, shielding the surroundings with mats to block wind. If shortness of breath occurs, open the vent to release steam. The goal is to induce sweating throughout the body for about two meal durations. Repeat this fumigation for three days. Afterward, use warm medicinal foot bath liquid. If the basin is not hot enough, place charcoal fire underneath. This treats not only cold but all types of skin labor and cold conditions.
"Qi Ji" (Extremity of Qi) is primarily governed by the Lung. The Lung corresponds to Qi, and Qi combines with the Lung. It is also said that illness contracted in autumn is called "Pi Bi" (Skin Bi). If Pi Bi persists and is re-infected by pathogens, the pathogens enter internally and lodge in the Lung, injuring Wind Qi, termed "Lung Feng" (Lung Wind). Symptoms of Lung Wind include excessive sweating; if injured by Yin, it becomes cold; cold leads to deficiency; deficiency leads to rebellious Qi and cough; cough leads to shortness of breath, worsening at dusk. When Yin Qi arrives, Dampness generates, exacerbating the condition. Yin fears Yang, so symptoms improve during the day. If Yang is injured, it generates heat; heat leads to excess; excess causes Qi to rush upward to the chest and epigastrium, potentially leading to hemoptysis. However, Yang diseases are treated by addressing Yin, as Yin is the Interior; Yin diseases are treated by addressing Yang, as Yang is the Exterior. Thus, one must understand the source of fluctuation in Yin/Yang and Exterior/Interior, knowing how to regulate Yin with Yang and Yang with Yin. When Yang Qi is excess, it disperses; when Yin Qi is deficient, it pulls. A skilled healer treats the disease when it first enters the skin, muscles, sinews, and vessels. If it reaches the Six Fu or Five Zang organs, the patient is half-dead.
Bian Que stated: Qi Jue (Exhaustion of Qi) is untreatable; panting with cold sweat indicates death within two days. Qi pulses at the Hand Taiyin (Lung Meridian). When Hand Taiyin Qi exhausts, the skin and hair become scorched. Taiyin distributes Qi warmth to the skin and hair. Without Qi nourishment, skin and hair scorch; scorched skin loses Jin Ye (Body Fluids); loss of fluids damages hair follicles; damaged follicles cause nails to wither; withered hair indicates Qi death first. Bing days bring severe illness, Ding days bring death, caused by Fire overcoming Metal.
Regarding "Liu Ji" (Six Extremities): Heaven Qi connects to the Lung, Earth Qi connects to the throat, Wind Qi responds to the Liver, Thunder Qi moves the Heart, Grain Qi affects the Spleen, Rain Qi moistens the Kidney. The Six Channels are like rivers, the stomach and intestines like the sea, and the Nine Orifices are where Water Qi flows. Thus, orifices correspond to the Five Zang organs. Injury to the Five Zang by pathogens generates Ji diseases in the Six Fu organs. Hence, they are called the Five Zang and Six Fu Extremities.
Formulas:
Zhongru Wan (Calcitriol Pill) [from Shenghui Fang]: Treats Qi Ji and Lung Zang deficiency-cold. Symptoms include distension and fullness in the chest and hypochondrium, shortness of breath, rebellious cough with chest pain, chills in the four limbs, and dry skin/hair.
Ingredients: Zhongru Fen (Stalactitum Pulveratum, 2 liang), Wuweizi (Schisandrae Fructus, 3 fen), Guixin (Cinnamomi Ramulus Cortex, 3 fen), Shichangpu (Acori Tatarinowii Rhizome, 2 fen), Lujiaojiao (Corneus Cornu Colla, 1 liang, crushed and stir-fried until yellow and dry), Baifuling (Poria, 1 liang), Huangqi (Astragali Radix, 1 liang, raw), Gan Dihuang (Rehmanniae Radix Preparata), Chuanjiao (Zanthoxyli Pericarpium, 5 fen, remove eyes and closed-mouth ones, lightly stir-fried to remove moisture), Baizhu (Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma, 3 fen), Helile (Terminaliae Fructus, 1.5 liang, use peel), Muxiang (Aucklandiae Radix, 3 fen), Renshen (Ginseng Radix, 1 liang, remove rhizome), Tianmendong (Asparagi Radix, 1.5 liang, remove heart and bake).
Usage: Grind into powder, mix with refined honey, pound 300-500 times, form pills the size of Sophora seeds. Take 30 pills per dose with water and wine, before meals and on an empty stomach. Avoid carp and ox blood.
Ganlu Wan (Sweet Dew Pill): Treats Lung Zang Qi Ji. Injury by Wind-Heat, blocking Jin Ye (Body Fluids).
Ingredients: Gancao (Licorice Root, roasted and cut), Sheng Dihuang (Rehmanniae Radix Recens), Dahuang (Rhei Radix et Rhizoma, steamed, cut, baked), Tianmendong (Asparagi Radix, remove heart and bake, each 1 liang), Fangfeng (Saposhnikoviae Radix, remove forked parts), Yuanzhi (Polygalae Radix, remove heart), Qianghuo (Notopterygii Rhizoma et Radix, remove rhizome head), Sangbaipi (Mori Cortex, cut and bake), Qinjiao (Gentianae Macrophyllae Radix, remove seedlings and soil), Digupi (Lycii Cortex, each 3 fen), Xuanshen (Scrophulariae Radix), Lingyangjiao (Saigae Tataricae Cornu, shaved), Huhuanglian (Coptidis Rhizoma Alternate, each 0.5 liang), Jinfen (Gold Powder, 1 liang).
Usage: Grind into powder, mix with refined honey, form pills the size of Sophora seeds. Take 20 pills per dose after meals, washed down with ginger and honey water.
Zhongru San (Calcitriol Powder) [from Qianjin Fang]: Treats extreme Qi deficiency. Symptoms include scorched skin/hair, blocked Jin Ye (Body Fluids), abdominal distension, severe panting, shortness of breath, nasal congestion, improving by day and worsening by night.
Ingredients: Zhongru Fen (Stalactitum Pulveratum, refined), Ganjiang (Zingiberis Rhizoma Preparatum), Jiegeng (Platycodonis Radix), Fuling (Poria), Fuzi (Aconiti Lateralis Radix Preparata, roasted, remove skin and bud), Xixin (Asari Radix et Rhizoma, remove seedlings), Guixin (Cinnamomi Ramulus Cortex), Renshen (Ginseng Radix, each 1 liang 1 fen), Baizhu (Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma, 1 liang), Fangfeng (Saposhnikoviae Radix), Muli (Ostreae Concha, calcined), Gualou (Trichosanthis Fructus, each 2.5 liang).
Usage: Grind into powder. Take 2 large qian per dose, mixed with warm wine, before meals.
Qianhu San (Peucedani Radix Powder) [from Qianjin Fang]: Treats Lung urgency, chest/diaphragm obstruction, rebellious cough, headache, vomiting, inability to eat.
Ingredients: Qianhu (Peucedani Radix, 2 liang, remove rhizome head), Banxia (Pinelliae Rhizoma Preparatum, 1 liang, wash 7 times in hot water to remove slipperiness), Zhike (Aurantii Fructus Immaturus, 0.5 liang, bran-fried until slightly yellow, remove pulp), Chi Shaoyao (Paeoniae Radix Rubra, 2 liang), Mahuang (Ephedrae Herba, 1 liang, remove root joints), Renshen (Ginseng Radix, 1 liang, remove rhizome), Chi Fuling (Poria with Red Wood, 1 liang), Chenpi (Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium, 1 liang, wash, soak, remove white pith), Baizhu (Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma, 1 liang), Houpo (Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex, 1 liang, remove rough bark, process with ginger juice), Gancao (Licorice Root, 3 liang, roasted until slightly red and cut).
Usage: Grind into powder. Take 3 qian per dose. Boil in 1 zhong zhan of water.
Huangqi Tang (Astragalus Decoction): Treats extreme Lung deficiency-cold. Symptoms include dry/coarse skin/hair, blocked Jin Ye (Body Fluids).
Ingredients: Huangqi (Astragali Radix, cut and baked), Renshen (Ginseng Radix), Baizhu (Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma), Gui (Cinnamomi Ramulus Cortex, remove rough bark), Chi Fuling (Poria with Red Wood, remove black skin), Fuzi (Aconiti Lateralis Radix Preparata, roasted, split, remove skin and bud), Mahuang (Ephedrae Herba, remove joints), Chaihu (Bupleuri Radix, remove seedlings), Banxia (Pinelliae Rhizoma Preparatum, wash in hot water to remove slipperiness and bake), Gancao (Licorice Root, roasted and cut), Jiegeng (Platycodonis Radix, cut and bake, each 1 liang).
Usage: Cut into sizes similar to hemp seeds. Take appropriate dose, decoct in water.
Tianma Wan (Gastrodia Pill): Treats extreme Lung deficiency-cold and Pi Bi (Skin Bi).
Ingredients: Tianma (Gastrodiae Rhizoma, wine-roasted, cut, stir-fried), Ganjiang (Zingiberis Rhizoma Preparatum), Gui (Cinnamomi Ramulus Cortex, remove rough bark), Jiegeng (Platycodonis Radix, cut and cut), Fuzi (Aconiti Lateralis Radix Preparata, roasted, split, remove skin and bud, each 2 liang), Muxiang (Aucklandiae Radix), Duhuo (Angelicae Pubescentis Radix, remove seedling heads, each 3 liang), Baizhu (Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma, stir-fried), Helile (Terminaliae Fructus, baked, remove pit), Mahuang (Ephedrae Herba, remove root joints), Xixin (Asari Radix et Rhizoma, remove seedlings and leaves, each 0.5 liang).
Usage: Grind into powder, mix with refined honey, form pills the size of Sophora seeds. Take appropriate dose, wash down with warm water.
Huangqi San (Astragalus Powder) [from Shenghui Fang]: Treats extreme Lung deficiency-heat. Symptoms include dry/scorched skin/hair, blocked Jin Ye (Body Fluids), weakness in four limbs.
Ingredients: Huangqi (Astragali Radix, 1 liang, cut), Renshen (Ginseng Radix, 1 liang, remove rhizome), Guixin (Cinnamomi Ramulus Cortex, 1 liang), Ziwan (Asternae Radix, 1 liang, wash remove seedlings/soil), Xingren (Armeniacae Semen Amarum, 1 liang, soak in hot water, remove skin/tips, double kernels, bran-fried until slightly yellow), Wuweizi (Schisandrae Fructus, 1 liang), Chenjupi (Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium, 3 fen, soak remove white pith and bake), Chaihu (Bupleuri Radix, 1 liang, remove seedlings), Gancao (Licorice Root, 0.5 liang, roasted until slightly yellow and cut), Maidong (Ophiopogonis Radix, 1.5 liang, remove heart and bake), Sangbaipi (Mori Cortex, 1 liang, cut).
Usage: Grind into powder. Take 4 qian per dose, decoct in 1 zhong zhan of water.
Wuweizi San (Schisandra Powder): Treats Qi Ji cold injuring the Lung. Symptoms include cough, shortness of breath unable to breathe, chest tightness/urgency.
Ingredients: Wuweizi (Schisandrae Fructus, 1 liang), Helile (Terminaliae Fructus, 1.5 liang, baked, use peel), Ziwan (Asternae Radix, 1 liang, wash remove seedlings/soil), Guixin (Cinnamomi Ramulus Cortex, 1 liang), Mahuang (Ephedrae Herba, remove root joints, 1 liang), Ganjiang (Zingiberis Rhizoma Preparatum, 0.5 liang, processed and cut), Qianhu (Peucedani Radix, 1 liang, remove rhizome head), Xixin (Asari Radix et Rhizoma, 1 liang, roasted until slightly red and cut), Muxiang (Aucklandiae Radix, 0.5 liang), Gancao (Licorice Root, 0.5 liang, roasted until slightly red and cut), Kuandonghua (Farfarae Flos, 1 liang).
Usage: Grind into powder. Take 4 qian per dose, decoct in 1 zhong zhan of water with 0.5 part ginger and 3 jujubes.
Helile Wan (Terminalia Pill): Treats Qi Ji shortness of breath, Zang deficiency abdominal distension.
Ingredients: Helile (Terminaliae Fructus, 1.5 liang, baked, use peel), Ganjiang (Zingiberis Rhizoma Preparatum, 1 liang, roasted and cut), Guixin (Cinnamomi Ramulus Cortex, 1 liang), Jiegeng (Platycodonis Radix, 1 liang, remove rhizome head), Fuzi (Aconiti Lateralis Radix Preparata, 1 liang, roasted, split, remove skin and bud), Muxiang (Aucklandiae Radix, 1 liang), Wuweizi (Schisandrae Fructus, 1 liang), Baizhu (Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma, 0.5 liang), Renshen (Ginseng Radix, 1 liang, remove rhizome), Chenxiang (Aquilariae Lignum Resinatum, 1 liang), Zhike (Aurantii Fructus Immaturus, 0.5 liang, bran-fried until slightly yellow, remove pulp).
Usage: Grind into powder, mix with refined honey, pound 200-300 times, form pills the size of Sophora seeds. Take 20 pills per dose.
Mahuang San (Ephedra Powder): Treats Qi Ji Lung deficiency. Symptoms include upper Qi rushing and urgent panting.
Ingredients: Mahuang (Ephedrae Herba, 1 liang, remove root joints), Xingren (Armeniacae Semen Amarum, 1 liang, soak in hot water, remove skin/tips, double kernels, bran-fried until slightly yellow), Guixin (Cinnamomi Ramulus Cortex, 0.5 liang), Wuweizi (Schisandrae Fructus, 3 fen), Maidong (Ophiopogonis Radix, 1.5 liang, remove heart and bake), Xixin (Asari Radix et Rhizoma, 0.5 liang), Helile (Terminaliae Fructus, 1.5 liang, baked, use peel), Gancao (Licorice Root, 0.5 liang, roasted until slightly red and cut), Zisuzi (Perillae Fructus, 0.5 liang, baked).
Usage: Grind into powder. Take 3 qian per dose, decoct in 1 zhong zhan of water with 0.5 part ginger and 3 jujubes, reduce to 60%, strain, take warm at any time.
Zhuyeyinzi (Bamboo Leaf Drink): Treats Qi Ji injury by heat. Symptoms include urgent panting, severe hemoptysis, shortness of breath with fatigue, anorexia, dry mouth/throat.
Ingredients: Zhuye (Phyllostachys Folium, 2 sheng), Maidong (Ophiopogonis Radix, 0.5 liang, remove heart), Xiaomai (Tritici Fructus, 0.5 he), Sheng Dihuang (Rehmanniae Radix Recens, 0.5 liang), Digupi (Lycii Cortex, 1 liang, crushed), Huangqi (Astragali Radix, 1 liang, cut), Mahuang (Ephedrae Herba, 0.5 liang, remove root joints), Gancao (Licorice Root, 1 fen, roasted until slightly red), Shigao (Gypsum Fibrosum, 1 liang, crushed).
Usage: Grind into powder. Take 5 qian per dose, decoct in 1 zhan of water with 0.5 part ginger and 3 jujubes, reduce to 60%, take warm after meals.
Wuweizi Tang (Schisandra Decoction): Treats Qi Ji cold panting/cough, shortness of breath, chest tightness/urgency.
Ingredients: Wuweizi (Schisandrae Fructus, stir-fried), Gancao (Licorice Root, roasted and cut), Ziwan (Asternae Radix, remove seedlings/soil), Gui (Cinnamomi Ramulus Cortex, remove rough bark), Mahuang (Ephedrae Herba, remove root joints), Ganjiang (Zingiberis Rhizoma Preparatum), Xiong (Ligusticum Chuanxiong Rhizoma), Xixin (Asari Radix et Rhizoma, remove seedlings/leaves, each 1 liang).
Usage: Pound and sieve. Take 5 qian per dose, decoct in 1.5 zhan of water with 2 jujubes, reduce to 70%, take on empty stomach and before sleep.
Qianhu Tang (Peucedani Radix Decoction): Treats extreme Lung Qi excess. Symptoms include chest/diaphragm obstruction, rebellious cough, shortness of breath, vomiting, inability to eat.
Ingredients: Qianhu (Peucedani Radix, remove seedlings), Banxia (Pinelliae Rhizoma Preparatum, boil in water 7 times), Xingren (Armeniacae Semen Amarum, remove skin/tips, bran-fried), Zisuzi (Perillae Fructus, stir-fried), Zhishi (Immature Bitter Orange, remove pulp, bran-fried), Juapi (Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium, remove white pith), Sangbaipi (Mori Cortex, roasted), Gancao (Licorice Root, roasted, equal parts).
Usage: Sieve evenly. Take 4 qian per dose, decoct in 1.5 zhan of water with 5 slices of ginger, reduce to 80%.
Ziwan Tang (Asternae Radix Decoction): Treats extreme Lung deficiency. Symptoms include scorched skin/hair, blocked Jin Ye (Body Fluids), weakness in four limbs, or urgent panting/shortness of breath.
Ingredients: Ziwan Rong (Asternae Radix, wash), Ganjiang (Zingiberis Rhizoma Preparatum), Huangqi (Astragali Radix, remove rhizome), Wuweizi (Schisandrae Fructus), Renshen (Ginseng Radix), Zhongru Fen (Stalactitum Pulveratum), Xingren (Armeniacae Semen Amarum, remove skin/tips, bran-fried), Gancao (Licorice Root, roasted, equal parts).
Usage: Pound and sieve. Take 4 qian per dose, decoct in 1 zhan of water with 5 slices of ginger and 1 jujube, reduce to 70%, strain, take warm.
Mahuang Tang (Ephedra Decoction): Treats Qi Ji injury by heat. Symptoms include Lung deficiency with excessive sweating, hemoptysis/cough, upper Qi rushing and urgent panting.
Ingredients: Mahuang (Ephedrae Herba, 4 liang, remove joints), Gancao (Licorice Root, 2 liang, roasted), Guixin (Cinnamomi Ramulus Cortex, 2 liang), Shengjiang (Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens, 2 liang), Ziwan (Asternae Radix, 1 liang), Shigao (Gypsum Fibrosum, 6 liang, crushed), Banxia (Pinelliae Rhizoma Preparatum, 50 pieces, process with ginger juice, cut into 4), Xingren (Armeniacae Semen Amarum, 40 pieces, remove skin/tips, double kernels).
Usage: Chop. Boil in 9 sheng of water, boil Mahuang for two boils, remove foam on top.
Qianhu Tang (Peucedani Radix Decoction): Treats extreme Qi excess urgency. Symptoms include panting rushing to chest, frequent anger/frustration, fullness/pain in heart/abdomen, internal/external heat, irritability/vomiting/restlessness, severe hemoptysis, Qi... [text cuts off].
Ingredients: Qianhu (Peucedani Radix, 8 liang), Banxia (Pinelliae Rhizoma Preparatum, soak in water 7 times to remove slipperiness), Mahuang (Ephedrae Herba, remove joints), Shaoyao (Paeoniae Radix Alba/Rubra, each 6 liang), Huangqin (Scutellariae Radix, 3 liang), Zhishi (Immature Bitter Orange, bran-fried, remove pulp, 1 liang).
Usage: Cut into coarse powder. Take 4 qian per dose, decoct in 2 zhan of water with 7 slices of ginger and 2 jujubes, reduce to 70%, strain, take at any time.
Maidong Zhuyetang (Ophiopogon Bamboo Leaf Decoction): Treats Qi Ji injury by heat causing panting. Severe cases may have hemoptysis, shortness of breath with fatigue, anorexia, dry mouth/throat.
Ingredients: Maidong (Ophiopogonis Radix, remove heart, 2 liang), Xiaomai (Tritici Fructus, 1 he), Mahuang (Ephedrae Herba, remove root joints, 1.5 liang), Gancao (Licorice Root, cut, 1 liang), Shigao (Gypsum Fibrosum, crushed, 3 fen).
Usage: Pound and sieve. Take 5 qian per dose, decoct in 1.5 zhan of water with 1 slice of ginger, 1 large jujube, 5 bamboo leaves, and 0.5 part crushed Sheng Dihuang (Rehmanniae Radix Recens), boil to 1 zhan, strain, divide doses. Take once on empty stomach and once before sleep.
Mahuang Tang (Ephedra Decoction): Treats Qi Ji heat. Symptoms include Lung deficiency with excessive sweating, cough/hemoptysis, upper Qi rushing and panting.
Ingredients: Mahuang (Ephedrae Herba, remove root joints, 2 liang), Gancao (Licorice Root, raw and cut), Gui (Cinnamomi Ramulus Cortex, remove rough bark), Xiong (Ligusticum Chuanxiong Rhizoma, each 1 liang), Xingren (Armeniacae Semen Amarum, 15 pieces, soak in hot water, remove skin/tips, double kernels, grind raw).
Usage: Pound the first four ingredients into powder, mix with ground almonds. Take 5 qian per dose, decoct in 1.5 zhan of water to 1 zhan, strain, divide into two warm doses. Take once on empty stomach and once before sleep.
Huangqi Tang (Astragalus Decoction): Treats Qi deficiency-cold. Symptoms include scorched skin/hair, blocked Jin Ye (Body Fluids), consumptive disorders (Xu Lao), various diseases, lack of Qi and strength.
Ingredients: Huangqi (Astragali Radix, cut, 2 liang), Renshen (Ginseng Radix), Baizhu (Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma), Gui (Cinnamomi Ramulus Cortex, remove rough bark, each 1 liang).
Usage: Grind into powder. Take 3 qian per dose, decoct in 1 zhan of water with 0.5 part ginger and 2 jujubes, reduce to 70%, strain, take warm. Take once on empty stomach and once before sleep. Another prescription adds 1 Fuzi (Aconiti Lateralis Radix Preparata), roasted, remove skin and bud.