（附论）
夫 渴者。有三般。一者 渴。二者 中。三者 肾。若饮水多者。小便又少。名
曰渴。
便数者
海。
不由己。
木石犹且
死不旋
虽不
饮食
方
羊肺羹方 治三 。小便数
羊肺（一具治如食法） 精羊肉（五两切） 粳米（半合） 葱白（五茎） 生姜（少
许） 盐醋
（各
治 渴饮水不止方
黄丹（三分） 栝蒌根（一两末） 葱白（一握切） 白面（五两） 薤白（一握切） 上
黄丹等
末。
羊骨汤方 治 渴。
羊脊骨（一具连喉者） 豉 白粟（各一升） 薤白（切一把） 上各分作两处煮。每
度用水
六升
杏酪粥方 治三 心。热气逆。不下食。
煎成浓杏酪（一升） 黄牛乳（一升） 大麦（二合研令细滑） 上根据常法煮粥食之。
入饧沙
糖和
藕实羹方 治 渴烦躁。狂言目眩。
藕实（去皮半斤） 薄荷（一握） 菜（半斤） 上于豉汁中作羹。入五味食之。
煮兔方 治 渴。神效。
兔（一枚） 新桑根白皮（半斤细锉） 上剥兔去皮。及肠胃。与桑白皮同煮烂熟为度。
尽
力食
麦豆方 治 渴
大麦仁 绿豆（水浸退去皮各半斤） 上淘净。于星月下。各贮一铛中。用水二升。慢
煮
熟。
尤妙
藕蜜浆方 治消渴。口干。心中烦热。散积血。
生藕（去皮节切） 炼蜜（各半斤） 上新汲水一升半。化蜜令散。纳藕于蜜中。浸半
日许。
渴
栝蒌根羹方 治 渴口干。心神烦躁。
栝蒌根（生嫩者各洗细切） 冬瓜（去瓤细切各半斤） 上以水六升。入盐豉半升。煎
至五
升。
栝蒌粉方 治 渴。
用栝蒌根。取削去皮。于新瓷中磨讫。以水淘。生绢袋摆。如造米粉法。曝干。渴时冷
水调
不问
螺。
盐豉饮（出圣惠方）治 渴。
用浓煎盐豉汁。停冷。渴即饮之。
又方（出圣济总录）
用粟米炊饭。频食之佳。
又方（出圣惠方）
用大麦仁炊饭。或煮粥。食之佳。小麦亦得。水淘食良。
又方（出圣济总录）
用青小豆净淘。煮粥食之。和饮食亦得。
又方（出圣惠方）
用牛乳饮一小盏。马乳亦得。生饮令人利。热饮令人渴。
蒸鹿头方 治 渴。口干。
用鹿头一具。治如食法。蒸熟。以酱醋食之。
黄雌鸡粥方 治 渴口干。小便数。
用黄雌鸡一只。治如食法。烂煮取肉。随意食之。其汁和豉作粥。食之亦妙。
生萝卜粥方 治 渴。发动无时。饮水不足。
用萝卜五枚。捣捩取汁。一大盏。搅粥作饮。频吃甚效。
野鸡肉汁方 治 渴。舌焦口干。小便数。
用野鸡。治如食法。以水五大盏。煮取三大盏。渴即取汁饮之。肉任性食。
绿豆汁方 治 渴。小便如常。
用绿豆二升净淘。用水一斗。煮烂研细。澄滤取汁。早晚食前各服一小盏。如觉小便浓
即瘥
胡豆汁方 治 渴。
用胡豆二合。煮取汁。勿用盐。随意食之。
粱米粥方 治 渴。及吐血心闷。
用青粱米半升。净淘粳米亦得。以水三升。煮稀粥饮之。以瘥为度。烂研取泔饮之亦可。
葵齑汁方 治 渴心闷。
用葵一束。洗汤内。略煮过。别煮粟米汁。如淹 法。候熟渴。即饮汁。以瘥为度。
地黄花粥方 治 渴。
用地黄花阴干。捣罗为末。每用粟米两合。净淘煮粥。候熟。入末三钱。搅匀。更煮令
沸。
【附论】
口渴的症状，主要有三种类型。一种是“渴”，第二种是“中消”（指多食易饥），第三种是“肾消”（即下消）。如果饮水很多，但小便量少，这种症状称为“渴”。如果小便频数且不受控制，这种症状称为“海”（此处原文可能有误或为特定古称，通常对应“上消”或泛指津液耗伤之象，依原文直译）。
羊肺羹方：治疗三消（上、中、下三消）及小便频数。
材料：羊肺一副（按食用方法处理）、精羊肉五两（切块）、粳米半合、葱白五茎、生姜少许、盐和醋适量。
治渴饮水不止方：治疗口渴且饮水无法缓解。
材料：黄丹三分、栝蒌根一两（研末）、葱白一握（切段）、白面五两、薤白一握（切段）。将黄丹等药材研成细末。
羊骨汤方：治疗消渴。
材料：羊脊骨一副（带喉部）、豆豉、白粟米各一升、薤白一把（切段）。将上述材料分为两部分煮制，每次用水六升。
杏酪粥方：治疗三消之心热，热气上逆，无法进食。
材料：煎好的浓杏仁浆一升、黄牛乳一升、大麦二合（研磨至细腻光滑）。按照常规方法煮粥食用，加入饴糖和砂糖调和味道。
藕实羹方：治疗消渴引起的烦躁、胡言乱语、目眩。
材料：藕实（去皮）半斤、薄荷一握、蔬菜半斤。在豆豉汁中制作羹汤，加入五味调料食用。
煮兔方：治疗消渴，效果显著。
材料：兔子一只、新桑根白皮半斤（细锉碎）。将兔子去毛皮及肠胃，与桑白皮一同煮烂熟透为止。尽力吃完。
麦豆方：治疗消渴。
材料：大麦仁、绿豆（水浸泡后褪去外皮，各半斤）。淘洗干净后，在星月下分别装入锅中，用水二升慢火煮熟。效果尤佳。
藕蜜浆方：治疗消渴，口干，心中烦热，散除积血。
材料：生藕（去皮节切块）、炼蜜各半斤。取新汲水一升半，化开蜂蜜使其分散，将藕放入蜜中，浸泡约半天。
栝蒌根羹方：治疗消渴口干，心神烦躁。
材料：栝蒌根（选用生嫩者，洗净细切）、冬瓜（去瓤细切，各半斤）。用水六升，加入盐豉半升，煎煮至五升。
栝蒌粉方：治疗消渴。
使用栝蒌根，削去外皮，在新瓷碗中磨碎，用水淘洗，用生绢袋过滤，像制作米粉的方法一样，晒干。口渴时用冷水调服。
不问（原文残缺，推测为某种用法或禁忌，此处略过不明部分）。
螺（原文残缺，可能指食用方式或配伍，此处略过）。
盐豉饮（出自《圣惠方》）：治疗消渴。
用浓煎的盐豉汁，冷却后，口渴时饮用。
又方（出自《圣济总录》）
用粟米做饭，经常食用效果良好。
又方（出自《圣惠方》）
用大麦仁做饭，或者煮粥，食用效果良好。小麦也可以，用水淘洗后食用良佳。
又方（出自《圣济总录》）
用青小豆洗净，煮粥食用。拌入饮食中也可以。
又方（出自《圣惠方》）
饮用牛乳一小盏，马乳也可以。生饮会导致腹泻，热饮会加重口渴。
蒸鹿头方：治疗消渴，口干。
用鹿头一个，按食用方法处理，蒸熟，蘸酱醋食用。
黄雌鸡粥方：治疗消渴口干，小便频数。
用黄雌鸡一只，按食用方法处理，烂煮取肉，随意食用。其汤汁配合豆豉煮粥，食用也很妙。
生萝卜粥方：治疗消渴，发作无定时，饮水不足。
用萝卜五个，捣碎拧出汁液一大盏，搅拌进粥中作为饮品，频繁服用非常有效。
野鸡肉汁方：治疗消渴，舌焦口干，小便频数。
用野鸡，按食用方法处理，用水五大盏，煮取三大盏汁液，口渴时取汁饮用。肉质可随意食用。
绿豆汁方：治疗消渴，小便如常。
用绿豆二升洗净，用水一斗，煮烂研细，澄清过滤取汁。早晚饭前各服用一小盏。如果觉得小便颜色变浓稠，病情就会好转。
胡豆汁方：治疗消渴。
用胡豆二合，煮取汁液，不要加盐，随意食用。
粱米粥方：治疗消渴，以及吐血心闷。
用青粱米半升，淘净，粳米也可以。用水三升，煮成稀粥饮用，以病愈为度。煮烂后取米汤饮用也可以。
葵齑汁方：治疗消渴心闷。
用葵菜一束，在热水中清洗，稍微煮过。另外煮粟米汁，像淹渍的方法一样。等煮熟后，口渴时饮用汁液，以病愈为度。
地黄花粥方：治疗消渴。
用地黄花阴干，捣碎过筛成粉末。每次用粟米两合，淘净煮粥，等煮熟后，加入药末三钱，搅拌均匀，再煮至沸腾。
[Supplementary Discussion]
Thirst (Shi) manifests in three primary patterns. The first is "Thirst" (general excessive thirst), the second is "Zhong Xiao" (Middle Consumption, characterized by polyphagia), and the third is "Shen Xiao" (Kidney Consumption, or Lower Consumption). If a patient drinks large amounts of water but produces little urine, this condition is termed "Thirst". If urination is frequent and involuntary, it is referred to as "Hai" (a term likely denoting fluid depletion or upper consumption in this specific context).
Sheep Lung Soup Recipe: Treats San Xiao (Upper, Middle, and Lower Consumption) and frequent urination.
Ingredients: One sheep lung (prepared for culinary use), five liang of lean mutton (cut into pieces), half he of japonica rice, five stalks of white onion, a small amount of fresh ginger, and appropriate amounts of salt and vinegar.
Recipe for Unquenchable Thirst: Treats persistent thirst that is not relieved by drinking.
Ingredients: Three fen of Huang Dan (Lead Carbonate), one liang of Trichosanthis Radix (Gu Lou Gen, 瓜蒌根) ground into powder, one handful of white onion (chopped), five liang of white flour, and one handful of Allii Macrostemonis Bulbus (Xie Bai, 薤白) chopped. Grind the Huang Dan and other ingredients into a fine powder.
Sheep Bone Soup Recipe: Treats Xiao Ke (Wasting and Thirsting Syndrome).
Ingredients: One sheep spine (including the throat), fermented soybeans (Chi, 豉), and white millet, each one sheng; one handful of Allii Macrostemonis Bulbus (Xie Bai, 薤白) chopped. Divide the ingredients into two portions for boiling, using six sheng of water per portion.
Apricot Kernel Milk Porridge Recipe: Treats Heart Heat associated with San Xiao, where rebellious heat prevents food intake.
Ingredients: One sheng of concentrated apricot kernel milk, one sheng of yellow cow's milk, and two he of barley (ground until smooth). Cook into porridge according to standard methods, sweetened with maltose and sugar.
Lotus Seed and Vegetable Soup Recipe: Treats irritability, delirium, and vertigo caused by Xiao Ke.
Ingredients: Half a jin of lotus seeds (peeled), one handful of mint, and half a jin of vegetables. Prepare as a soup in fermented soybean broth, seasoned with five flavors.
Boiled Rabbit Recipe: Treats Xiao Ke with remarkable efficacy.
Ingredients: One rabbit, half a jin of fresh mulberry root bark (Bai Pi, 白皮, finely cut). Remove the rabbit's fur, skin, and internal organs, then boil together with the mulberry bark until thoroughly tender. Consume as much as possible.
Barley and Mung Bean Recipe: Treats Xiao Ke.
Ingredients: Barley kernels and mung beans (soaked in water to remove skins, half a jin each). Wash thoroughly and cook slowly in separate pots with two sheng of water under the starlight. This method yields superior results.
Lotus Root and Honey Syrup Recipe: Treats Xiao Ke, dry mouth, inner restlessness, and resolves blood stasis.
Ingredients: Raw lotus root (peeled and cut) and refined honey, each half a jin. Dissolve the honey in one and a half sheng of freshly drawn water, place the lotus root in the honey mixture, and soak for approximately half a day.
Trichosanthes Root Soup Recipe: Treats dry mouth and mental restlessness due to Xiao Ke.
Ingredients: Fresh and tender Trichosanthis Radix (Gu Lou Gen, 瓜蒌根) and winter melon (pulp removed, both half a jin, finely chopped). Boil in six sheng of water with half a sheng of salted fermented soybeans until reduced to five sheng.
Trichosanthes Powder Recipe: Treats Xiao Ke.
Take Trichosanthis Radix (Gu Lou Gen, 瓜蒌根), peel it, grind it in a new ceramic bowl, wash with water, filter through a raw silk bag, and dry it in the manner of making rice flour. Mix with cold water to take when thirsty.
Salted Fermented Soybean Drink (from *Quan Sheng Mi Yao Fang*): Treats Xiao Ke.
Prepare a strong decoction of salted fermented soybeans, allow it to cool, and drink when thirsty.
Another Recipe (from *Sheng Ji Zong Lu*):
Cook millet rice and consume it frequently for good results.
Another Recipe (from *Quan Sheng Mi Yao Fang*):
Cook barley kernels into rice or porridge for beneficial effects. Wheat is also acceptable; rinse with water before cooking for best results.
Another Recipe (from *Sheng Ji Zong Lu*):
Cleanly wash green adzuki beans and cook them into porridge. They may also be incorporated into regular meals.
Another Recipe (from *Quan Sheng Mi Yao Fang*):
Drink one small cup of cow's milk; horse milk is also suitable. Raw milk may cause diarrhea, while hot milk may exacerbate thirst.
Steamed Deer Head Recipe: Treats Xiao Ke and dry mouth.
Process one deer head according to culinary standards, steam until cooked, and eat with sauce and vinegar.
Yellow Hen Porridge Recipe: Treats Xiao Ke with dry mouth and frequent urination.
Process one yellow hen according to culinary standards, boil until tender, and consume the meat freely. Use the broth with fermented soybeans to make porridge, which is also excellent.
Raw Radish Porridge Recipe: Treats Xiao Ke with unpredictable onset and insufficient fluid intake.
Crush five radishes to extract one large cup of juice, stir into porridge, and drink frequently for significant effect.
Wild Pheasant Juice Recipe: Treats Xiao Ke with scorched tongue, dry mouth, and frequent urination.
Process wild pheasant according to culinary standards, boil in five large cups of water until reduced to three large cups of juice. Drink the juice when thirsty. Consume the meat at will.
Mung Bean Juice Recipe: Treats Xiao Ke with normal urination.
Wash two sheng of mung beans, boil in one dou of water until soft, grind finely, clarify, and filter to obtain juice. Take one small cup before morning and evening meals. Improvement is indicated if urine becomes concentrated.
Broad Bean Juice Recipe: Treats Xiao Ke.
Boil two he of broad beans to extract juice. Do not add salt. Consume at will.
Liang Rice Porridge Recipe: Treats Xiao Ke, hematemesis, and chest oppression.
Use half a sheng of green Liang rice (japonica rice is also acceptable). Wash thoroughly and cook in three sheng of water into a thin porridge. Continue until recovery. Drinking the starchy water from well-cooked grains is also effective.
Malva Juice Recipe: Treats Xiao Ke with chest oppression.
Take one bundle of Malva, wash in hot water, and briefly boil separately. Prepare millet juice similarly to a pickling method. When cooked, drink the juice when thirsty until recovery.
Rehmannia Porridge Recipe: Treats Xiao Ke.
Dry Rehmanniae Radix (Di Huang, 地黄) in the shade, grind and sieve into powder. For each dose, use two he of millet, wash thoroughly, and cook into porridge. Once cooked, add three qian of the powder, mix well, and bring to a boil again.