凡非风等证，当辨其在经在脏。经病者轻浅可延，脏病者深重可畏。经病者病连肢体，
脏病者败在神气。虽病在经者无不由中，而表里微甚则各有所主。此经脏之不可不辨也。然
在经在脏，虽有不同，而曰阴曰阳，则无不本乎气血。但知气血之缓急，知阴阳之亏胜，则
尽其善矣。若必曰某脏某经，必用某方某药，不知通变，多失其真。故凡凿执之谈，每有说
得行不得者，正以心之所至，口不能宣也，必也知几知微，斯足称神悟之品。
一、经病之轻证∶皮毛枯涩，汗出，眩运，鼻塞者，肺之经病。血脉不荣，颜色憔悴者
，心之经病。肌肉消瘦，浮肿不仁，肉 筋惕，四肢不用者，脾之经病。筋力疲困，拘急掉
螈，胁肋胀痛者，肝之经病。口眼歪斜者，足阳明及肝胆经病。骨弱无力，坐立不能者，肾
之经病。
一、经病之危证∶皮腠冰冷，滑汗如油，畏寒之甚者，肺之经病。舌强不能言者，心肾
经病。唇缓口开手撒者，脾之经病。眼瞀昏黑无见，筋痛之极者，肝肾经病。耳聋绝无闻，
骨痛之极者，肾之经病。反张戴眼，腰脊如折者，膀胱经病。
一、脏病之稍轻证∶咳嗽微喘，短气，悲忧不已者，病在肺脏。言语无伦，神昏多笑，
不寐者，病在心脏。腹满少食，吐涎呕恶，吞酸嗳气，谵语多思者，病在脾胃。胸胁气逆，
多惊多怒者，病在肝胆。少腹疼痛，二便不调，动气上冲，阴痿，呻吟多恐者，病在肾脏。
一、脏病之危证∶气大急大喘，或气脱失声，色灰白或紫赤者，肺肾气绝。神脱色脱，
昏沉不醒，色赤黑者，心脏气绝。痰涎壅极，吞吐不能，呃逆不止，腹胀之极，色青黑者，
脾胃气绝。眼闭不开，躁急扰乱，懊 囊缩，色青灰白者，肝脏气绝。声喑不出，寒厥
不回，二便闭不能通，泄不能禁者，肾脏气绝。
凡是非风（中风类疾病）等证候，应当辨别病邪是在经络还是在脏腑。经络受病的病情轻浅，可以逐渐恢复；脏腑受病的病情深重，令人畏惧。经络受病时，病症牵连肢体；脏腑受病时，败坏的是神气。虽然病在经络的无不是由内因引起，但表里病情的轻重各有其主导方面。这就是经络与脏腑不可不加以辨别的原因。然而，无论病在经络还是脏腑，虽然表现不同，但归结为阴和阳，无不以气血为本。只要懂得气血的虚实缓急，懂得阴阳的亏损与偏胜，就能达到治疗的最高境界了。如果一定要说某脏某经必须用某方某药，不知灵活变通，大多会失去真理。所以那些拘泥固执的言论，往往说得出来却行不通，正是因为心中所想，口中无法表达清楚。必须能够洞察细微征兆，才足以称为具有神奇悟性的人。
一、经络受病的轻证：皮肤毛发枯涩，出汗，头晕目眩，鼻塞的，是肺经受病。血脉不能荣养，面色憔悴的，是心经受病。肌肉消瘦，浮肿且麻木不仁，肌肉跳动、筋脉抽搐，四肢不能使用的，是脾经受病。筋力疲乏困倦，拘挛紧急、手足摇动抽搐，胁肋部胀痛，的，是肝经受病。口眼歪斜的，是足阳明胃经及肝胆经受病。骨骼软弱无力，坐立不能的，是肾经受病。
一、经络受病的危重证：皮肤腠理冰冷，冷汗如油，极度畏寒的，是肺经受病。舌体僵硬不能言语的，是心肾二经受病。嘴唇松弛、口开手撒的，是脾经受病。眼睛昏黑看不见东西，筋痛到极点的，是肝肾二经受病。耳聋完全听不见声音，骨痛到极点的，是肾经受病。身体反折向后仰，眼球上翻，腰脊像折断一样的，是膀胱经受病。
一、脏腑受病的较轻证：咳嗽轻微气喘，气短，悲伤忧愁不止的，病在肺脏。言语错乱，神志昏迷多笑，失眠的，病在心脏。腹部胀满，进食少，吐涎沫呕吐恶心，吞酸嗳气，胡言乱语思虑过多的，病在脾胃。胸胁部气机逆乱，容易惊恐易怒的，病在肝胆。小腹部疼痛，大小便不调，动气上冲，阳痿，呻吟且多恐惧的，病在肾脏。
一、脏腑受病的危重证：气息非常急促大喘，或者气脱失声，面色灰白或紫赤的，是肺肾之气绝。神气涣散面色败坏，昏沉不醒，面色赤黑的，是心脏之气绝。痰涎壅盛至极，吞咽困难，呃逆不止，腹胀到极点，面色青黑的，是脾胃之气绝。眼睛闭合不开，烦躁急迫扰乱，懊恼阴囊收缩，面色青灰白的，是肝脏之气绝。声音嘶哑发不出声，寒厥不回温，大小便闭塞不通，泄泻不能自禁的，是肾脏之气绝。
For all non-wind (stroke-like diseases) and other syndromes, it is necessary to distinguish whether the pathogen is in the meridians or the zang-fu organs. Diseases in the meridians are mild and superficial, allowing for gradual recovery; diseases in the zang-fu organs are deep and severe, inspiring fear. When the meridians are affected, the pathology involves the limbs; when the zang-fu organs are affected, the essence of Shen Qi (Spiritual Energy) is damaged. Although diseases located in the meridians invariably have internal origins, the severity of exterior and interior conditions has its respective dominants. This is why the distinction between meridians and zang-fu organs cannot be neglected. However, whether the disease is in the meridians or the zang-fu organs, although manifestations differ, regarding Yin and Yang, they all fundamentally rely on Qi and Blood. If one understands the urgency and deficiency of Qi and Blood, and comprehends the depletion and excess of Yin and Yang, one achieves the utmost excellence in treatment. If one rigidly insists that a specific zang or meridian must be treated with a specific formula or herb, without understanding flexibility and adaptation, one will mostly lose the truth. Therefore, dogmatic discussions often prove impractical despite sounding plausible, precisely because what the mind conceives cannot always be fully expressed by the mouth. Only those who can perceive subtle signs are worthy of being called individuals with divine insight.
1. Mild syndromes of meridian diseases: Withered and dry skin and hair, sweating, dizziness, and nasal congestion indicate Lung Meridian disease. Blood vessels failing to nourish, resulting in a haggard complexion, indicate Heart Meridian disease. Muscle emaciation, edema with numbness, muscle twitching, tendon tremors, and inability to use the four limbs indicate Spleen Meridian disease. Tendon fatigue, spasms, convulsions, and distending pain in the hypochondrium indicate Liver Meridian disease. Deviation of the mouth and eyes indicates Foot-Yangming Stomach Meridian and Liver/Gallbladder Meridian diseases. Weak bones and inability to sit or stand indicate Kidney Meridian disease.
2. Critical syndromes of meridian diseases: Cold skin and pores, profuse oily sweat, and extreme aversion to cold indicate Lung Meridian disease. A stiff tongue unable to speak indicates Heart and Kidney Meridian diseases. Relaxed lips, open mouth, and relaxed hands indicate Spleen Meridian disease. Blurred vision leading to blindness, and extreme tendon pain indicate Liver and Kidney Meridian diseases. Deafness with complete hearing loss, and extreme bone pain indicate Kidney Meridian disease. Opisthotonos (body arching backward), upward gaze, and a spine feeling like it is broken indicate Bladder Meridian disease.
3. Mild syndromes of zang-fu organ diseases: Cough with slight wheezing, shortness of breath, and incessant sorrow or worry indicate pathology in the Lung Zang. Incoherent speech, mental confusion with excessive laughter, and insomnia indicate pathology in the Heart Zang. Abdominal fullness, poor appetite, spitting saliva, vomiting, acid regurgitation, belching, delirium, and excessive rumination indicate pathology in the Spleen and Stomach. Rebellious Qi in the chest and hypochondrium, frequent惊 (fright) and anger indicate pathology in the Liver and Gallbladder. Pain in the lower abdomen, irregular urination and defecation, rebellious Qi rushing upward, impotence, groaning, and frequent fear indicate pathology in the Kidney Zang.
4. Critical syndromes of zang-fu organ diseases: Extremely rapid breathing and severe wheezing, or Qi exhaustion with loss of voice, accompanied by gray-white or purplish-red complexion, indicate exhaustion of Lung and Kidney Qi. Dispersion of Shen (Spirit) and deterioration of complexion, lethargy and unconsciousness, with a red-black complexion, indicate exhaustion of Heart Qi. Extreme phlegm-saliva obstruction, inability to swallow or spit, persistent hiccuping, extreme abdominal distension, and a blue-black complexion indicate exhaustion of Spleen and Stomach Qi. Eyes closed and unable to open, restlessness and agitation, mental distress with retraction of the scrotum, and a blue-gray-white complexion indicate exhaustion of Liver Qi. Hoarseness or aphonia, cold extremities that do not recover, blockage of both urination and defecation, and uncontrollable diarrhea indicate exhaustion of Kidney Qi.