苦温无毒。
发明 山茶花色红味苦，开于青阳初动之时，得肝木之气而生心火。肝藏血，心主血，
故吐血、衄血、下血为要药。生用则能破宿生新。入童便炒黑则能止血，其功不减郁金，真
血家之良药也。
甘平微寒无毒。嗅之即嚏者真。拣净酒浸一宿，漉出晒干用。
发明 密蒙入肝经血分，润肝燥，为搜风散结目疾之专药。治青盲昏翳，赤肿多眵泪，
消目中赤脉及小儿痘疮余毒，疳气攻眼宜之。
辛温微毒。
发明木棉叶青花黄茎赤，棉白、子黑，允为温走命门之品。取子烧存性，不独解霉疮
毒，而痔漏脱肛下血，每服半两，黑豆淋酒服之。其油燃灯能昏人目，以其助淫火也。
苦平无毒。
发明 柞专利窍，故治黄瘅鼠 ，催生，并烧末用之。
苦平无毒。
发明 黄杨性敛而降，妇人难产，入达生散中服之，则痛阵便紧。又捣叶涂疮疖，以其
性敛也。
甘温无毒。
发明 放杖专治一切风气、血气，理腰脚，老人浸酒服之一月放杖，故名。
一名续骨木，又名木蒴 ，俗名扦扦活
甘苦平无毒。
发明 此木专主折伤续筋骨，除风痹，龋齿，可作浴汤。根皮主痰饮水气痰疟，打伤瘀
血，一切血不行，并煮汁服之，不可多服，以气腥伤伐胃气也。
甘淡平无毒。入补气药，人乳润蒸入利水药，桂酒拌晒入补阴药，童便浸切。一种栽
莳而成者曰莳苓，出浙中，但白不坚，入药少力。凡用须去尽皮膜则不伤真气，以皮能泄利
，利津液。膜能阻滞经络也。
《本经》主胸胁逆气，忧恚惊邪恐悸，心下结痛，寒热烦满，咳逆口焦，舌干，利小便
，久服安魂养神，不饥延年。
发明 茯苓得松之余气而成，甘淡性平，能守五脏真气；其性先升后降，入手足太阴、
少阴，足太阳、阳明。开胃化痰，利水定悸，止呕逆泄泻，除湿气，散虚热，《本经》治胸
胁逆气，以其降泄也。忧恚惊悸心下结痛，以其上通心气也。寒热烦满，咳逆口焦舌干，利
小便，以其导热、滋干流通津液也。《本草》言其利小便，伐胃邪。东垣云，小便多者能止
，涩者能通，又大便泻者可止，大便约者可通。丹溪言阴虚者不宜用，义似相反者，何哉？
盖茯苓淡渗，上行生津液，开腠理，滋水之源，而下降利小便。洁古谓其属阳，浮而升，言
其性也。东垣言其阳中之阴，降而下，言其功也。《经》言，饮食入胃，游溢精气，上输于
脾，脾气散精，上归于肺，通调水道，下输膀胱。则知淡渗之性，必先上升而后下降，膀胱
气化而小便利矣。若肺气盛则上盛下虚，上盛则烦满喘乏，下虚则痿 软弱而小便频。茯苓
先升后降，引热下渗，故小便多者能止也。大便泻者，胃气不和，不能分利水谷，偏渗大肠
而泄注也，茯苓分利阴阳则泻自止矣。大便约者以膀胱之水不行，膀胱硬满，上撑大肠，故
大便不能下通也，宜茯苓先利小便，则大便随出也。至若肺虚则遗溺，心虚则少气遗溺，下
焦虚则遗溺，胞遗热于膀胱则遗溺，膀胱不约为遗溺，厥阴病则遗溺，皆虚热也。必上热下
寒，当用升阳之药，非茯苓辈淡渗所宜，故阴虚不宜用也。此物有行水之功，久服损人。八
味丸用之，不过接引他药归就肾经，去胞中久陈积垢，为搬运之功耳。是以阴虚精滑而不觉
，及小便不禁者，皆不可服，以其走津也。其赤者入丙丁，但主导赤而已。其皮治水肿、肤
肿、通水道、开腠理胜于大腹皮之耗气也。
苦温，无毒。
【发明】山茶花色红味苦，在春季阳气初动时开放，禀受肝木之气而生心火。肝藏血，心主血，因此是治疗吐血、鼻出血、便血或尿血等下部出血的重要药物。生用能够破除瘀血、生成新血。若用童便炒黑则能止血，其功效不亚于郁金，真是血证患者的良药。
甘平，微寒，无毒。闻之即打喷嚏的为真品。拣选干净后，用酒浸泡一夜，滤出晒干使用。
【发明】密蒙花入肝经血分，滋润肝燥，是搜风散结、治疗眼疾的专用药。治疗青盲（视力减退至失明）、视物昏花有翳膜、眼睛红肿多分泌物和泪水，消除眼中赤脉及小儿痘疮余毒，疳气攻眼也适宜使用。
辛温，微毒。
【发明】木棉叶青、花黄、茎赤，棉白、子黑，确为温通命门的药材。取种子烧存性，不仅能解梅毒疮毒，对于痔漏、脱肛、下血，每次服用半两，用黑豆淋过的酒送服。其油脂点燃灯烛会使人目眩，因为它助长淫火。
苦平，无毒。
【发明】柞树专于通利窍道，因此治疗黄疸、鼠瘰（淋巴结核）、催生，并烧成末使用。
苦平，无毒。
【发明】黄杨性质收敛且下降，妇女难产时，放入达生散中服用，阵痛便会收紧。又捣碎叶片涂抹疮疖，因为其性质收敛。
甘温，无毒。
【发明】放杖木专门治疗各种风气、血气病，调理腰脚，老人浸泡酒服用一个月后可扔掉拐杖，因此得名。
甘苦平，无毒。
【发明】这种木头专门主治骨折损伤、接续筋骨，祛除风痹，治疗龋齿，可用作洗浴汤剂。根皮主治痰饮水气、痰疟，跌打损伤导致的瘀血，一切血液运行不畅，均煮汁服用，不可多服，因其气味腥烈会损伤胃气。
甘淡平，无毒。入补气药方中，用人乳润蒸；入利水药方中，用桂酒拌晒；用童便浸切。一种通过栽培而成的是莳苓，产于浙江中部，但颜色白而不坚实，入药效力较弱。凡是用茯苓，必须去尽外皮和内膜才不伤真气，因为皮能泄利津液，膜能阻滞经络。
《神农本草经》主治胸胁逆气，忧愁愤怒、惊邪恐惧心悸，心下结痛，寒热烦闷胀满，咳嗽气逆、口焦舌干，通利小便，久服安魂养神，不感饥饿并能延年益寿。
【发明】茯苓得松树的余气而成，甘淡性平，能固守五脏真气；其性先升后降，入手足太阴、少阴经，足太阳、阳明经。开胃化痰，利水定悸，止呕逆泄泻，除湿气，散虚热。《本经》治疗胸胁逆气，是因为其具有降泄作用。治疗忧恚惊悸、心下结痛，是因为其上通心气。治疗寒热烦满、咳逆口焦舌干、利小便，是因为其导热、滋润干燥、流通津液。《本草》说它利小便，伐胃邪。李东垣说，小便多者它能止住，小便涩滞者它能通利；大便泻者它能止住，大便干结者它能通利。朱丹溪说阴虚者不宜用，道理似乎相反，为什么呢？大概茯苓淡渗，上行生津液，开腠理，滋水之源，而下降利小便。张洁古说它属阳，浮而升，说的是它的本性。李东垣说它是阳中之阴，降而下，说的是它的功效。《内经》说，饮食入胃，游溢精气，上输于脾，脾气散精，上归于肺，通调水道，下输膀胱。由此可知淡渗之性，必先上升而后下降，膀胱气化而小便利了。如果肺气盛则上盛下虚，上盛则烦满喘乏，下虚则痿软无力而小便频数。茯苓先升后降，引热下渗，所以小便多者它能止住。大便泻者，是胃气不和，不能分利水谷，偏渗大肠而泄注，茯苓分利阴阳则泻自止矣。大便干结者，是因为膀胱之水不行，膀胱硬满，向上撑挤大肠，所以大便不能下通，宜用茯苓先利小便，则大便随之而出。至于肺虚则遗尿，心虚则少气遗尿，下焦虚则遗尿，胞宫遗热于膀胱则遗尿，膀胱不约束则遗尿，厥阴病则遗尿，都是虚热所致。必定是上热下寒，应当用升阳的药物，不是茯苓这类淡渗药所适宜的，所以阴虚不宜用。此物有行水之功，久服损人。八味丸中使用它，不过是接引其他药物归就肾经，去除胞宫中久积的陈垢，起搬运之功罢了。因此阴虚精滑而不觉察，以及小便不禁者，都不可服用，因为它走泄津液。其中红色的入丙丁（心与小肠），只主导赤色而已。其皮治疗水肿、肤肿、通水道、开腠理的功效胜过耗气的大腹皮。
Bitter, warm, non-toxic.
[Invention] Camellia flower has red color and bitter taste; it blooms when the Yang energy of spring begins to stir, deriving from the Liver Wood Qi to generate Heart Fire. The Liver stores blood, and the Heart governs blood; therefore, it is a key herb for treating hematemesis (vomiting blood), epistaxis (nosebleed), and lower body bleeding. When used raw, it can break up old blood and generate new blood. When stir-fried with child's urine until blackened, it can stop bleeding; its efficacy is not inferior to Curcuma aromatica (Ezhao, 莪术) or Curcuma longa (Jianghuang, 姜黄) [Note: Du Jin usually refers to Curcuma wenyujin or similar, here translated as Curcuma species], making it truly an excellent medicine for blood disorders.
Sweet, neutral, slightly cold, non-toxic. Authentic specimens cause sneezing upon smelling. Select cleanly, soak in wine overnight, drain, and sun-dry for use.
[Invention] Vitex rotundifolia (Mimeng, 密蒙花) enters the Blood aspect of the Liver Meridian, moistens Liver dryness, and is a specialized herb for dispelling wind, resolving nodules, and treating eye diseases. It treats amaurosis (blindness), blurred vision with ocular membranes, redness and swelling with excessive discharge and tears, eliminates red vessels in the eyes, and addresses residual toxins from smallpox in children; it is also suitable for Gan heat attacking the eyes.
Acrid, warm, slightly toxic.
[Invention] Gossypium herbaceum leaf is green, flower yellow, stem red; cotton is white, seed black. It is indeed a warming agent that travels to the Gate of Vitality (Mingmen). Take the seeds, burn them retaining their character (charred), which not only resolves syphilitic sores toxicity but also treats hemorrhoids, fistulas, rectal prolapse, and lower bleeding. Take half tael per dose, administered with wine infused with black soybeans. Its oil, when burned in a lamp, can dazzle the eyes because it aids lustful fire.
Bitter, neutral, non-toxic.
[Invention] Quercus serrata (Za, 柞) specializes in opening orifices; thus, it treats jaundice, scrofula, facilitates childbirth, and is often used after being burnt to ash.
Bitter, neutral, non-toxic.
[Invention] Buxus sinica (Huangyang, 黄杨) has a contracting and descending nature. For difficult labor in women, when included in Dasheng San (Life-Reaching Powder) and taken, uterine contractions become tight. Also, crushed leaves applied topically treat carbuncles and furuncles due to its contracting nature.
Sweet, warm, non-toxic.
[Invention] Euonymus alatus (Fangzhang, 放杖) specifically treats all types of Wind and Qi/Blood disorders, regulates the waist and legs. Elderly people who soak it in wine and drink it can discard their walking sticks after one month, hence the name.
Also known as Xugu Mu (Bone-Continuing Wood), or Moshuodie, commonly known as Qianqian Huo.
Sweet, bitter, neutral, non-toxic.
[Invention] This wood specifically treats fractures and injuries, continues bones and tendons, dispels Wind-Bi (painful obstruction), treats dental caries, and can be made into a bathing decoction. The root bark treats phlegm-fluid retention, Phlegm-Malaria, traumatic blood stasis, and any condition where blood circulation fails. Decoct and drink; do not take in large amounts, as its fishy odor damages Stomach Qi.
Sweet, bland, neutral, non-toxic. When used in Qi-tonifying formulas, steam with human milk; when used in diuretic formulas, mix with Cinnamon Twig Wine (Guizhi Jiu) and sun-dry; cut after soaking in child's urine. A variety cultivated artificially is called Shiling, produced in central Zhejiang, but it is white and not firm, having less medicinal potency. When using Poria (Fuling, 茯苓), the outer skin and inner membrane must be completely removed to avoid damaging true Qi, as the skin promotes leakage of fluids, and the membrane obstructs meridians.
The *Shennong Bencao Jing* states it treats rebellious Qi in the chest and hypochondrium, sorrow/anger, fright, evil influences, fear, and palpitations, knotting pain below the heart, alternating chills and fever, vexation, fullness, cough with rebellious Qi, scorched mouth, and dry tongue; it promotes urination. Long-term use calms the soul, nourishes the spirit, prevents hunger, and extends longevity.
[Invention] Poria forms from the residual Qi of pine trees. Sweet and bland, neutral in nature, it can guard the true Qi of the Five Zang organs. Its nature rises first and descends later, entering the Hand and Foot Taiyin, Shaoyin, Foot Taiyang, and Yangming meridians. It opens the stomach, transforms phlegm, promotes urination, calms palpitations, stops vomiting and diarrhea, removes dampness, and disperses deficiency heat. The *Bencao Jing* treats rebellious Qi in the chest and hypochondrium due to its descending and draining action. It treats sorrow, anger, fright, palpitations, and knotting pain below the heart because it connects upward to Heart Qi. It treats alternating chills/fever, vexation/fullness, cough/rebellious Qi, scorched mouth/dry tongue, and promotes urination because it导 heat, moistens dryness, and circulates fluids. The *Bencao* says it promotes urination and attacks Stomach pathogenic factors. Li Dongyuan stated that for frequent urination, it can stop it; for urinary retention, it can promote flow; for diarrhea, it can stop it; for constipation, it can promote flow. Zhu Danxi said Yin-deficient patients should not use it. Why do these principles seem contradictory? Generally, Poria is bland and渗 (permeating); it ascends to generate fluids, opens interstices, nourishes the source of water, and then descends to promote urination. Zhang Jiegu said it belongs to Yang, floating and ascending, referring to its nature. Li Dongyuan said it is Yin within Yang, descending, referring to its function. The *Neijing* states: Food enters the Stomach, its essence floats and overflows, goes up to the Spleen; Spleen Qi scatters essence, returns it upward to the Lung; the Lung regulates water passages, sending it down to the Bladder. Thus, we know the permeating nature must rise first and descend later; when Bladder Qi transforms, urination becomes smooth. If Lung Qi is excessive, there is upper excess and lower deficiency; upper excess causes vexation/fullness and panting/fatigue, while lower deficiency causes flaccidity/weakness and frequent urination. Poria rises first and descends later, guiding heat downward to seep out, so it can stop frequent urination. Diarrhea occurs because Stomach Qi is disharmonious and cannot separate clear from turbid fluids, causing them to leak into the Large Intestine; Poria separates Yin and Yang, stopping diarrhea. Constipation occurs because Bladder water does not move, causing Bladder hardness/fullness that presses against the Large Intestine, preventing bowel movement; using Poria to promote urination first allows stool to follow. Regarding enuresis caused by Lung deficiency, Heart deficiency (shortness of breath/enuresis), Lower Jiao deficiency, Heat in the Bladder from the Bao organ, Bladder failure to constrain, or Jueyin disease—all are deficiency-heat conditions. If there is Upper Heat and Lower Cold, ascending Yang herbs are needed, not bland-permeating ones like Poria; thus, it is unsuitable for Yin deficiency. This herb has water-moving power; long-term use harms the person. In Ba Wei Wan (Eight-Ingredient Pill), it is used merely to guide other herbs to the Kidney meridian, removing accumulated filth in the Bao organ, acting as a transporter. Therefore, those with Yin deficiency, seminal emission without awareness, and urinary incontinence should not take it, as it drains fluids. The red variety enters Bing/Ding (Heart/Small Intestine), primarily addressing redness. Its skin treats edema, subcutaneous edema, unblocks water passages, and opens interstices, surpassing Areca Seed (Dafupi, 大腹皮) in efficacy without depleting Qi.