甘辛微温，无毒。
发明 时珍曰∶白前入手太阴，长于降气，肺气壅实而有痰者宜之。《金匮》治咳嗽而
脉沉者，用泽漆汤，以中有白前也。《深师》治久嗽上气，体肿短气，倚息不得卧，常作水
鸡声者，用白前汤。《外台》治久嗽吐血，用白前、桔梗、桑白皮、甘草，皆取其下气耳。
若虚嗽常哽气者，不可用也。白前较白薇稍温，较细辛稍平，专搜肺窍中风水。非若白薇之
咸寒，专泄肺胃之燥热；亦不似细辛之辛窜，能治肾肝之沉寒也。
甘辛温，无毒。蜀产者力刚可攻。秦产者力柔可补。凡治本病酒制，有痰姜汁制
。白者为粉归，性劣，不入补剂。
《本经》主咳逆上气，温疟寒热，洗洗在皮肤中，妇人漏下，绝子，诸恶疮疡，金疮，
煮汁饮之。
发明 当归气味俱浓，可升可降，入手少阴、足太阴厥阴血分，凡血受病，及诸病夜甚
必须用之。《本经》主咳逆上气，温疟寒热洒洒，妇人漏下绝子，皆取辛温润血之功。产后
恶血上冲，亦必用之。《别录》温中止痛。甄权治下利腹痛，女人沥血腰痛。好古治冲脉为
病，逆气里急，带脉为病，腹痛腰溶溶若坐水中。其功专于破恶血，养新血，润肠胃，荣筋
骨，泽皮肤，理痈疽，排脓止痛，盖血壅而不流则痛。当归甘温，能和营血，辛温能散内寒
，使气血各有所归。入手少阴心，主血也；入足太阴脾，裹血也；入足厥阴肝，藏血也。身
能养血，尾能行血。同人参、黄 则补气而生血。同牵牛、大黄则行气而泻血。同桂、附、
吴萸则热。同大黄、芒硝则寒。血虚以人参、赤脂为佐，血热以生地、条芩为佐。仲景治阳
邪陷阴，手足厥寒，脉细欲绝，用当归四逆汤，于桂枝汤加当归、细辛、通草以通其血脉。
即下痢脉大，气不归附，亦用此汤以归附之。凡血虚发热者，以当归补血汤，方用当归三钱
，黄 一两，作三服。心下刺痛者，一味当归酒煎服。专主血分诸病。海藏言当归血药，何
《本经》治咳逆上气。按∶当归辛散，乃血中气药，故咳逆上气有阴虚阳无所附者，用血药
补阴，则血和而气降矣。凡冲任督带病，皆不可少。惟泄泻家、痰饮家禁用。
【白前】
味甘、辛，性微温，无毒。
发明：李时珍说：白前入肺经（手太阴肺经），擅长降气，肺气壅滞实证且有痰的患者适宜使用。《金匮要略》治疗咳嗽且脉象沉的病症，使用泽漆汤，因为方中含有白前。《深师方》治疗久咳气喘，身体浮肿、呼吸短促，倚靠物体喘息不能平卧，常发出像水鸡叫声的症状，使用白前汤。《外台秘要》治疗久咳吐血，使用白前、桔梗、桑白皮、甘草，都是取其下气的作用。如果是虚证咳嗽经常哽气的人，不可使用。白前的药性比白薇稍温，比细辛稍平，专门搜剔肺窍中的风邪和水饮。不像白薇那样咸寒，专门清泄肺胃的燥热；也不像细辛那样辛散走窜，能治疗肾肝的沉寒。
【当归】
味甘、辛，性温，无毒。四川产的当归药力刚猛，可用于攻邪；陕西产的当归药力柔和，可用于补益。凡是治疗本病用酒制，有痰湿的用姜汁制。白色的粉归，药性低劣，不进入补益剂中。
《神农本草经》主治咳逆上气，温疟寒热，皮肤中感觉寒冷，妇人漏下（非经期阴道出血），绝子（不孕），各种恶疮疡，金疮（刀箭创伤），煮汁饮用。
发明：当归的气味浓厚，可升可降，入心经（手少阴心经）、脾经（足太阴脾经）和肝经（足厥阴肝经）的血分，凡是血液受病，以及诸病在夜间加重的，必须使用它。《神农本草经》主治咳逆上气，温疟寒热洒洒恶寒，妇人漏下绝子，都是取其辛温润血的功效。产后恶血上冲，也必须使用它。《名医别录》主治温中止痛。甄权治疗下利腹痛，妇女沥血腰痛。好古治疗冲脉为病，逆气里急，带脉为病，腹痛腰溶溶如坐水中。它的功效专门在于破除恶血，滋养新血，润肠胃，荣养筋骨，润泽皮肤，调理痈疽，排脓止痛，大概是因为血液壅滞不流通就会疼痛。当归甘温，能和营血，辛温能散内寒，使气血各有所归。入心经，心主血；入脾经，脾裹血；入肝经，肝藏血。当归身能养血，当归尾能行血。与人参、黄芪同用则补气而生血。与牵牛子、大黄同用则行气而泻血。与桂枝、附子、吴茱萸同用则偏热。与大黄、芒硝同用则偏寒。血虚以人参、赤芍为佐使，血热以生地黄、黄芩为佐使。张仲景治疗阳邪陷入阴分，手足厥冷，脉细欲绝，使用当归四逆汤，在桂枝汤基础上加当归、细辛、通草以通其血脉。即使是下痢脉大，气不归附，也使用此汤以使其气归附。凡是血虚发热者，使用当归补血汤，方中用当归三钱，黄芪一两，分三次服用。心下刺痛者，单味当归酒煎服。专门主治血分诸病。李东垣说当归是血药，为什么《神农本草经》治咳逆上气？按：当归辛散，是血中的气药，所以咳逆上气有阴虚阳气无所依附的，用血药补阴，则血和而气降了。凡是冲任督带脉的病，都不可缺少。只有泄泻家、痰饮家禁用。
[Baiqian (Caulis Petasitis)]
Sweet and acrid, slightly warm, non-toxic.
Invention: Li Shizhen said: Baiqian enters the Lung Meridian of Hand-Taiyin, excels at descending Qi, and is suitable for patients with excess stagnation of Lung Qi accompanied by phlegm. In *Jingui Yaolue* (Essential Prescriptions from the Golden Cabinet), Zeqi Tang (Ze Latex Decoction) is used to treat cough with a deep pulse because it contains Baiqian. In *Shenshi Fang* (Deep Master's Formulas), Baqian Tang (Baiqian Decoction) is used to treat chronic cough with asthma, edema, shortness of breath, inability to lie flat requiring leaning support, and wheezing sounds resembling those of a water frog. In *Waitai Miyao* (Secret Essentials of the Outer Treasury), a combination of Baiqian, Jiegeng (Platycodon Root), Sangbaipi (Mulberry Root Bark), and Gancao (Licorice Root) is used to treat chronic cough with hemoptysis, all chosen for their ability to descend Qi. It should not be used for deficiency-type coughs characterized by frequent choking sensations. Baiqian is slightly warmer than Baiwei (Dipsaci Radix) and slightly milder than Xixin (Asari Radix et Rhizoma); it specifically searches out wind-water pathogens in the lung orifices. It differs from Baiwei, which is salty and cold, specifically clearing dry-heat in the Lung and Stomach; nor is it like Xixin, which is pungent and penetrating, treating deep-cold in the Kidney and Liver.
[Danggui (Angelicae Sinensis Radix)]
Sweet and acrid, warm, non-toxic. Danggui produced in Sichuan has strong potency and can be used for attacking pathogens; Danggui produced in Shaanxi has mild potency and can be used for tonification. For treating the primary disease, use wine-processing; for cases with phlegm, use ginger juice processing. White powder-gui has inferior properties and is not included in tonifying formulas.
*Shennong Bencao Jing* (Divine Farmer's Materia Medica) states it treats cough with rebellious Qi, warm malaria with chills and fever, a sensation of cold in the skin, leukorrhea (non-menstrual vaginal bleeding) in women, infertility, various malignant sores, traumatic injuries, and decocted juice is drunk.
Invention: The aroma and flavor of Danggui are dense; it can ascend and descend, entering the Blood aspect of the Heart Meridian of Hand-Shaoyin, Spleen Meridian of Foot-Taiyin, and Liver Meridian of Foot-Jueyin. It must be used whenever blood pathology occurs or when diseases worsen at night. *Shennong Bencao Jing* states it treats cough with rebellious Qi, warm malaria with shivering chills, leukorrhea, and infertility, attributing these effects to its pungent, warm, and blood-nourishing properties. It is also essential for postpartum upward rushing of evil blood. *Mingyi Bielu* (Record of Famous Physicians) states it warms the middle and stops pain. Zhen Quan treated dysentery with abdominal pain and women's dripping blood with lower back pain. Hao Gu treated disorders of the Chong Mai (Penetrating Vessel) with rebellious Qi and abdominal urgency, and disorders of the Dai Mai (Girdle Vessel) with abdominal pain and a loose sensation in the lower back as if sitting in water. Its function specializes in breaking up evil blood, nourishing new blood, moistening the intestines and stomach, enriching sinews and bones, lustrating the skin, managing carbuncles and ulcers, discharging pus, and stopping pain; generally, pain arises from blood stagnation and lack of flow. Danggui is sweet and warm, harmonizing Ying-Blood; acrid and warm, dispersing internal cold, ensuring Qi and Blood each return to their proper residence. It enters the Heart Meridian of Hand-Shaoyin, which governs Blood; the Spleen Meridian of Foot-Taiyin, which envelopes Blood; and the Liver Meridian of Foot-Jueyin, which stores Blood. The body of the root nourishes blood, while the tail moves blood. Combined with Renshen (Ginseng Root) and Huangqi (Astragalus Root), it tonifies Qi to generate Blood. Combined with Qianniuxiang (Pharbitis Seed) and Dahuang (Rhubarb Root), it moves Qi and purges Blood. Combined with Guizhi (Cinnamon Twig), Fuzi (Aconite Lateral Root Preparata), and Wuyu (Evodia Fruit), it becomes hot. Combined with Dahuang (Rhubarb Root) and Mangxiao (Mirabilite), it becomes cold. For blood deficiency, Ren Shen (Ginseng Root) and Chishao (Red Peony Root) are used as assistants; for blood heat, Shengdihuang (Rehmannia Root Preparata) and Huangqin (Scutellaria Root) are used as assistants. Zhang Zhongjing treated Yang pathogen sinking into Yin, presenting with cold extremities and a fine pulse nearly imperceptible, using Danggui Sini Tang (Angelica Frigid Extremities Decoction), adding Danggui, Xixin, and Tongcao (Tetrapanacis Caulis) to Guizhi Tang (Cinnamon Twig Decoction) to unblock the blood vessels. Even in cases of dysentery with a large pulse and Qi failing to anchor, this formula is used to anchor the Qi. For all cases of blood deficiency generating fever, Danggui Buxue Tang (Angelica Tonifying Blood Decoction) is used, comprising 3 qian of Danggui and 1 liang of Huangqi, taken in three doses. For stabbing pain under the heart, a single dose of Danggui decocted in wine is administered. It specifically governs all diseases of the blood aspect. Li Dongyuan stated that Danggui is a blood herb; why does *Shennong Bencao Jing* treat cough with rebellious Qi? Analysis: Danggui is pungent and dispersing, acting as a Qi-moving agent within the blood; therefore, for cough with rebellious Qi caused by Yin deficiency with Yang lacking attachment, using blood herbs to tonify Yin harmonizes the blood and descends the Qi. Disorders of the Chong, Ren, Du, and Dai vessels cannot do without it. However, it is strictly contraindicated for patients with diarrhea or phlegm-fluid retention.