辛温无毒。去尖用，否则脱人须发。
发明 皂角刺治风杀虫，与荚略同，但其锐利直达病所为异。其治痘疹气滞不能起顶灌
脓者，功效最捷。而气虚者慎勿误用，恐透表过锐反生虚泡也。若血滞不能起顶灌脓，又需
鲮鲤，当非角刺所宜。《丹方》治大风恶疾，眉落鼻崩，用皂角刺三斤烧灰为末，食后煎大
黄汤调一匕服之，不终剂而愈。肿疡服之即消，溃疡服之难敛，以其性善开泄也。
辛温有毒。去皮弦子取净肉用之。
发明 肥皂涤除顽痰垢腻，不减二皂，痴病胜金丹用之，亦取涌发不使砒性留于肠胃之
意。其子亦治大肠风秘，须去硬壳及黄膜，但取其仁炒研用之，庶不致有伤肾气耳。
俗名鬼见愁
苦平无毒。
发明 无患子言其辟邪之功也。浣垢去面 。喉痹研纳喉中立开。又主飞尸，子中仁烧
之辟除恶邪，煨食辟恶气，去口臭。
一名无食子
苦温无毒。
发明 没石子合他药染须，仲景用治阴汗，烧灰先以汤浴之，以灰扑之甚良。又血痢及
产后下痢俱用之。绵裹塞牙痛效，取温散肾经湿热也。
即诃子
苦涩温无毒。六棱者佳，去核用。
发明 诃子苦涩降敛。生用清金止嗽，煨熟固脾止泻。古方取苦以化痰涎，涩以固滑
泄也。殊不知降敛之性，虽云涩能固脱，终非甘温益脾之比。昔人言，同乌梅、五倍则收敛
，同橘皮、浓朴则下气，同人参则补肺治嗽。东垣言嗽药不用者，非也。然此仅可施之于久
嗽喘乏，真气未艾者，庶有劫截之能。又久嗽阴火上炎，久痢虚热下迫，愈劫愈滞，岂特风
寒暴嗽、湿热下痢为禁剂乎？曷观世医用润肺丸、益黄散之功过可知。
【皂角刺】
味辛、性温，无毒。使用时需去除尖端，否则会导致人须发脱落。
【发明】
皂角刺具有祛风杀虫的功效，与皂荚大致相同，但不同之处在于其质地锐利，能直达病所。它治疗痘疹因气机阻滞导致无法起顶化脓的情况，功效最为迅速。但对于气虚者务必谨慎使用，恐怕因其透表作用过于锐利，反而产生虚性水泡。如果是血行瘀滞导致无法起顶化脓，则需要使用穿山甲（鲮鲤），这并非皂角刺适宜的治疗范围。《丹方》记载治疗严重的风疾恶疮，出现眉毛脱落、鼻梁崩塌等症状时，取三斤皂角刺烧成灰后研末，饭后用大黄汤调服一匕（古代量器名，约指一勺），尚未服完一剂即可痊愈。对于未溃破的肿疡，服用后可使肿块消散；对于已溃破的溃疡，服用后却难以收敛愈合，这是因为它药性善于开泄发散。
【肥皂】
味辛、性温，有毒。使用时需去除外皮和籽，只取纯净果肉使用。
【发明】
肥皂清除顽固痰浊和污垢腻滞的能力，不亚于两种皂类。在治疗痴呆病症时，使用名为“胜金丹”的方剂中包含肥皂，也是取其涌吐发散之意，防止砒霜的药性残留于肠胃之中。肥皂的种子也能治疗大肠风秘（因风邪引起的便秘），但必须去掉坚硬的壳及黄色的内膜，仅取种仁炒制后研磨使用，这样才不会损伤肾气。
【无患子】
俗名鬼见愁。
味苦、性平，无毒。
【发明】
无患子的名称寓意其具有辟除邪气的功效。它能洗涤污垢，去除面部黑斑。治疗喉痹（咽喉肿痛闭塞）时，将其研碎纳入咽喉中，可立即开通。此外，它还主治飞尸（一种古病名，指突然发作的怪病），将种子中的仁烧过后用于辟除恶邪，煨熟后食用可辟除恶气，去除口臭。
【没石子】
一名无食子。
味苦、性温，无毒。
【发明】
没石子配合其他药物可用于染黑头发。张仲景曾用它治疗阴汗（私处多汗），方法是先用热水洗浴患处，然后用没石子灰扑撒，效果很好。此外，治疗血痢以及产后下痢也使用它。用绵布包裹塞入牙痛部位，疗效显著，这是取其温散肾经湿热的作用。
【诃子】
即诃黎勒。
味苦、涩，性温，无毒。以六棱形者为佳，使用时去核。
【发明】
诃子味苦、涩，具有降逆收敛的特性。生用时能清肺金而止咳，煨熟后能固护脾胃而止泻。古方中利用其苦味来化痰涎，利用其涩味来固摄滑脱之症。殊不知其降敛的性质，虽然常说涩能固脱，但终究不如甘温益脾的药物那样温和补益。古人说，诃子同乌梅、五倍子一起使用则收敛性强，同橘皮、厚朴一起使用则能下气，同人参一起使用则能补肺治嗽。李东垣说咳嗽药中不用诃子，这种观点是不对的。然而，此药仅适用于久咳气喘乏力、真气尚未耗尽的患者，才可能有截断病势的效果。如果是久咳导致阴火上炎，或久痢导致虚热下迫，使用诃子会越劫夺正气越导致气机郁滞，岂止是风寒暴咳、湿热下痢属于禁忌用药呢？观察世医使用润肺丸、益黄散的功效与过失，就可以明白了。
[Sapiao Ci (Galla Chinensis Spina)]
Pungent, warm, non-toxic. Use after removing the tip; otherwise, it may cause hair loss in humans.
[Invention/Commentary]
Sapiao Ci treats wind and kills parasites, similar to Galla Chinensis (Zao Jiao), but differs in its sharpness which allows it to reach the disease site directly. It is most effective for treating varicella/rubella where qi stagnation prevents the lesions from rising and suppurating. However, those with qi deficiency must be cautious not to use it mistakenly, as its overly sharp exterior-penetrating nature may instead generate empty blisters. If blood stasis prevents the lesions from rising and suppurating, Pangolin Scales (Ling Li) are required, which is not suitable for Sapiao Ci. "Dan Fang" records the treatment of severe wind diseases and evil sores, characterized by eyebrow loss and nasal collapse: three jin of Sapiao Ci are burned to ash, ground into powder, and taken with a dose of one bi (a small spoonful) mixed with Da Huang Decoction after meals; the patient recovers before finishing one dose. For un-ulcerated swellings, taking it causes immediate resolution; for ulcerated sores, it hinders healing and closure because its nature is good at opening and draining.
[Fang Zao (Soap Nut Fruit - referring to the fruit pulp used for cleaning, distinct from Sapiao Ci)**Note: The text distinguishes between Sapiao Ci and Fang Zao here, though botanically related or confused in ancient texts. Based on context "Fang Zao" usually refers to the fruit itself or a specific preparation.**]
Pungent, warm, toxic. Use the clean flesh after removing the skin and seeds.
[Invention/Commentary]
Fang Zao removes stubborn phlegm and greasy filth, no less effective than the two types of galls. In the formula Sheng Jin Dan used for treating dementia, Fang Zao is included to take advantage of its vomiting-inducing and dispersing action, preventing the toxicity of arsenic from remaining in the stomach and intestines. Its seeds also treat wind-constipation of the large intestine. One must remove the hard shell and yellow membrane, using only the kernel stir-fried and ground, so as not to damage kidney qi.
[Wu Huan Zi (Sapindus Mukorossi Fruit)]
Commonly known as Gui Jian Chou (Ghost's Sorrow).
Bitter, neutral, non-toxic.
[Invention/Commentary]
The name Wu Huan Zi implies its power to ward off evil spirits. It washes away dirt and removes facial spots. For treating Hou Bi (sore throat obstruction), grinding it and inserting it into the throat brings immediate relief. It also treats Fei Shi (flying corpse syndrome/sudden mysterious illness); burning the kernels wards off evil influences. Roasted and eaten, it wards off bad odors and removes halitosis.
[Mo Shi Zi (Myrobalan Fruit / Terminalia Chebula Resin-like structure)**Note: Historically, Mo Shi Zi often referred to a gall or a specific part of Terminalia chebula, sometimes confused with He Zi. The text links it to Zhang Zhongjing for sweating and dental pain.**]
Also known as Wu Shi Zi.
Bitter, warm, non-toxic.
[Invention/Commentary]
Mo Shi Zi combined with other herbs can dye hair black. Zhang Zhongjing used it to treat Yin Han (sweating in the genital area): first bathe the area with hot water, then dust it with the ash of Mo Shi Zi, which is very effective. It is also used for bloody dysentery and postpartum dysentery. Wrapping it in cotton and inserting it into a toothache cavity is effective, utilizing its ability to warm and disperse damp-heat in the Kidney meridian.
[He Zi (Terminalia Chebula Fruit)]
This is He Zi.
Bitter, astringent, warm, non-toxic. Those with six ridges are superior. Use after removing the core.
[Invention/Commentary]
He Zi is bitter and astringent, possessing descending and consolidating properties. When used raw, it clears Lung Metal and stops coughing; when roasted/stewed, it secures the Spleen and stops diarrhea. Ancient formulas use its bitterness to transform phlegm-saliva and its astringency to consolidate sliding discharge. However, one should not ignore its descending and consolidating nature; although astringency can secure collapse, it is ultimately not comparable to sweet-warm Spleen-benefiting herbs. Ancients stated that combined with Wu Mei (Mume Fructus) and Wu Bei Zi (Galla Chinensis), it enhances consolidation; combined with Ju Pi (Citrus Reticulata Pericarpium) and Hou Po (Magnolia Bark), it moves qi downward; combined with Ren Shen (Ginseng Radix), it tonifies the Lung and treats cough. Li Dongyuan said He Zi should not be used in cough medicines, which is incorrect. However, this herb is only applicable to chronic cough with asthma and fatigue, where true qi has not yet been exhausted, allowing it to intercept the disease. If chronic cough leads to flaming up of yin fire, or chronic dysentery leads to downward pressure of deficient heat, using He Zi will further deplete and stagnate qi. Is it not forbidden in cases of sudden cough due to wind-cold and dysentery due to damp-heat? Observing the merits and faults of Shi Yong (worldly physicians) using Run Fei Wan (Lung-Moistening Pill) and Yi Huang San (Spleen-Benefiting Powder) makes this clear.