（别录下品）
【气味】甘微温，无毒。
【主治】主胸胁逆气，咳嗽上气，呼吸欲绝。
【核】曰∶生州渚沙碛上，苗高尺许，叶似柳，或似芫。根似白薇，或似细辛。粗长坚
直，色白微黄，折之易断者白前也；细短柔韧，色黄微白，折之不断者白薇也。修事，用生
甘草水浸一伏时；漉出，去头须了，焙干收用。
【 】曰∶在色为白，在脏归肺矣。前者坐而至，不行而进也，当入手太阴、阳明，足
阳明，为治咳之君主药。经云∶咳嗽上气，厥在胸中，过在手太阴阳明。又云∶白脉之至也，
喘
不行焉，则为厥为积矣。大明主奔豚，及肾气，亦即下实上虚之象乎。然则白薇功力，三因
并施，脏腑咸入，腠理皮毛，靡不前至，盖以功用为名也。
（黄帝问曰∶肺之令人咳，何也？歧伯对曰∶五脏六腑皆令人咳，非独肺也。帝曰∶愿
闻其状。歧伯曰∶皮毛者，肺之合也，皮毛先受邪气，邪气以从其合也。其寒饮食入胃，从
肺脉上至于肺则肺寒，肺寒则外内合邪，因而客之，则为肺咳，五脏各以其时受病，非其
时，各传以与之。人与天地相参，故五脏各以时治。时感于寒，则受病。微，则为咳；甚，
则为泄、为痛。乘秋，则肺先受之；乘春，则肝先受之；乘夏，则心先受之；乘至阴，则脾
先受之；乘冬，则肾先受之。帝曰∶何以异之？歧伯曰∶肺咳之状，咳而喘息有音，甚则唾
血；心咳之状，咳则心痛，喉仲介介如梗，甚则咽肿喉痹；肝咳之状，咳则两胁下痛，甚则
不可以转。转则两 下满；脾咳之状，咳则右 下痛，阴阴引肩背，甚则不可以动，动则咳
剧；肾咳之状，咳则腰背相引而痛，甚则咳涎。帝曰∶六腑之咳奈何？安所受病？歧伯曰∶
五
脏之久咳，乃移于六腑；脾咳不已，则胃受之；胃咳之状，咳而呕，呕甚则长虫出；肝咳不
已，则胆受之；胆咳之状，咳呕胆汁；肺咳不已，则大肠受之；大肠咳状，咳而遗矢；心咳
不已，则小肠受之；小肠咳状，咳而失气，气与咳俱失；肾咳不已，则膀胱受之；膀胱咳状，
咳而遗溺；久咳不已，则三焦受之；三焦咳状，咳而腹满，不欲食饮。此皆聚于胃，关于肺，
使人多
（收录于《名医别录》下品）
【气味】味甘，性微温，无毒。
【主治】主要治疗胸胁部气逆、咳嗽气上冲、呼吸近乎断绝的症状。
【考证】曰：白前生长在沙洲或沙石之上，苗高约一尺，叶子像柳叶，或者像芫花叶。根部像白薇，或者像细辛。粗壮、长而坚硬挺直、颜色白中带微黄、折断时容易断裂的是白前；细小、短而柔软有韧性、颜色黄中带微白、折断时不易断裂的是白薇。炮制方法：用生甘草水浸泡一个时辰（十二小时）；捞出后，去掉根头和须根，焙干后收存使用。
【发明】曰：在五色中属白，在五脏中归属于肺。所谓“前”，是坐而到达，不行走而前进的意思，应当归入手太阴肺经和手阳明大肠经、足阳明胃经，是治疗咳嗽的主药。经典记载：“咳嗽气上冲，厥气在于胸中，病机涉及手太阴肺经和手阳明大肠经。”又说：“白脉（肺脉）到来时，气喘而不能正常运行，就会形成厥证或积证。”李大明认为白前主治奔豚气及肾气上逆，这也就是下实上虚的征象吗？然而白薇的功效，三因（内因、外因、不内外因）并施，脏腑皆入，腠理皮毛无不到达，大概是以其功用命名的。
（黄帝问道：肺脏使人咳嗽，是什么原因呢？岐伯回答说：五脏六腑都能使人咳嗽，并非只有肺脏。黄帝说：我想听听它的状况。岐伯说：皮毛是肺的外合，皮毛先受到邪气侵袭，邪气便顺着经络传入肺脏。如果寒凉饮食进入胃中，寒气会沿着肺脉上行至肺，导致肺寒。肺寒则外部邪气与内部寒气相合，邪气停留其中，就形成肺咳。五脏各自在其所主的季节受病，如果不是其所主的季节，其他脏腑的病邪也会传给它。人与天地相应，所以五脏各自顺应时节调理。时令感受寒邪，就会生病。轻的，就表现为咳嗽；重的，就表现为泄泻或疼痛。遇到秋季，肺先受邪；遇到春季，肝先受邪；遇到夏季，心先受邪；遇到长夏（至阴），脾先受邪；遇到冬季，肾先受邪。黄帝说：如何区分它们呢？岐伯说：肺咳的症状，咳嗽伴有喘息且有声音，严重的会唾血；心咳的症状，咳嗽时心痛，喉咙感觉介介然像有异物梗阻，严重的咽喉肿痛喉痹；肝咳的症状，咳嗽时两侧胁下疼痛，严重时身体不能转动，转动时两侧胁下胀满；脾咳的症状，咳嗽时右胁下疼痛，隐隐作痛牵引肩背，严重时不能活动，活动则咳嗽加剧；肾咳的症状，咳嗽时腰背相互牵引而痛，严重时咳出涎沫。黄帝说：六腑的咳嗽怎么样？是从哪里受病的？岐伯说：五脏久咳不愈，病邪会转移至六腑；脾咳不止，则胃受邪；胃咳的症状，咳嗽伴呕吐，呕吐严重时会有蛔虫吐出；肝咳不止，则胆受邪；胆咳的症状，咳嗽呕吐胆汁；肺咳不止，则大肠受邪；大肠咳的症状，咳嗽伴大便失禁；心咳不止，则小肠受邪；小肠咳的症状，咳嗽伴放屁，气体随咳嗽一起排出；肾咳不止，则膀胱受邪；膀胱咳的症状，咳嗽伴遗尿；久咳不愈，则三焦受邪；三焦咳的症状，咳嗽伴腹部胀满，不想饮食。这些病症都聚集在胃，关联于肺，使人多……
(Recorded in the Lower Grade of *Mingyi Bielu*)
[Flavor and Nature] Sweet, slightly warm, non-toxic.
[Indications] Primarily treats rebellious Qi in the chest and hypochondrium, cough with Qi rushing upward, and breathing nearly ceasing.
[Verification] It is said: Baiqian (Caulis Petasitis) grows on sandy islets or gravelly shores. Its seedling is about one chi high; its leaves resemble those of willow or possibly *Peganum harmala* (Yuanhua). The root resembles that of Baishao (Radix Bupleuri? No, *Baiwei* - Radix Clematidis) or Xixin (Radix Asari). Those that are thick, long, hard, straight, white with a slight yellow tint, and break easily are Baiqian; those that are thin, short, soft, flexible, yellowish-white, and do not break easily are Baiwei. Processing method: Soak in water infused with raw Gancao (Radix Glycyrrhizae) for one shichen (12 hours); drain, remove the head and fibrous roots, dry by baking, and store for use.
[Elucidation] It is said: In colors, it corresponds to White; in Zang organs, it enters the Lung. "Qian" (Front/Before) implies arriving while seated, advancing without walking. It should enter the Hand-Taiyin Lung Meridian, Hand-Yangming Large Intestine Meridian, and Foot-Yangming Stomach Meridian. It is the sovereign herb for treating cough. The Classics state: "Cough with Qi rushing upward, with Jue Qi located in the chest, involves the Hand-Taiyin and Hand-Yangming meridians." It also states: "When the White Pulse (Lung Pulse) arrives, if wheezing prevents normal flow, it forms Jue syndrome or Accumulation." Li Daming holds that it primarily treats Ben Tun (Rushing Pig) and rebellious Kidney Qi, which is also indicative of excess below and deficiency above. However, the efficacy of Baiwei (Radix Clematidis) applies to all three causes (internal, external, and neither), enters all Zang and Fu organs, and reaches the interstices and skin/hair without exception; it is likely named after its function.
(The Yellow Emperor asked: Why does the Lung cause cough? Qibo replied: All five Zang and six Fu organs can cause cough, not just the Lung. The Emperor said: I wish to hear its manifestations. Qibo said: The skin and hair are the exterior correspondence of the Lung. When pathogenic factors first invade the skin and hair, they transmit inward via this correspondence. If cold food/drink enters the Stomach, the cold travels up along the Lung channel to the Lung, causing Lung cold. Lung cold leads to the combination of external and internal pathogenic factors; when these lodge within, it results in Lung cough. Each of the five Zang organs becomes diseased during its respective season; if not its season, pathogenic factors from other organs transmit to it. Humans correspond with Heaven and Earth, so each Zang organ regulates according to the season. Contracting cold in its season leads to disease. Mild cases result in cough; severe cases result in diarrhea or pain. In Autumn, the Lung is affected first; in Spring, the Liver first; in Summer, the Heart first; in Late Summer (Zhi Yin), the Spleen first; in Winter, the Kidney first. The Emperor asked: How to distinguish them? Qibo said: The manifestation of Lung cough is cough with wheezing and audible sounds; severe cases involve spitting blood. The manifestation of Heart cough is cough accompanied by heart pain, a sensation of obstruction in the throat like a stuck object; severe cases involve swollen throat and Bi syndrome. The manifestation of Liver cough is cough with pain under both hypochondria; severe cases make turning difficult, and turning causes fullness under both hypochondria. The manifestation of Spleen cough is cough with pain in the right hypochondrium, dull pain radiating to the shoulder and back; severe cases make movement difficult, and movement exacerbates the cough. The manifestation of Kidney cough is cough with pulling pain between the waist and back; severe cases involve coughing up saliva. The Emperor asked: What about cough of the six Fu organs? Where does the disease originate? Qibo said: Chronic cough of the five Zang organs transfers to the six Fu organs; if Spleen cough persists, the Stomach is affected; the manifestation of Stomach cough is cough with vomiting, and severe vomiting may expel roundworms; if Liver cough persists, the Gallbladder is affected; the manifestation of Gallbladder cough is cough with vomiting of bile; if Lung cough persists, the Large Intestine is affected; the manifestation of Large Intestine cough is cough with involuntary defecation; if Heart cough persists, the Small Intestine is affected; the manifestation of Small Intestine cough is cough with passing flatus, where gas escapes with the cough; if Kidney cough persists, the Bladder is affected; the manifestation of Bladder cough is cough with urinary incontinence; chronic cough unrelieved affects the Sanjiao; the manifestation of Sanjiao cough is cough with abdominal fullness and loss of appetite. These conditions all gather in the Stomach and relate to the Lung, causing people to have much...