燥、暖胃温肾。
辛温纯阳。泄肺温胃。大能疗肾。壮阳事。暖阴户。治胃冷壅胀。呕哕呃逆。（呃逆、
有痰
阻气滞、食塞不得升降者、有火郁下焦者、有伤寒汗吐下后、中气大虚者、有阳明内热失下
者、有痢疾大下、胃虚而阴火上冲者、丹溪曰∶人之阴气、依胃为养、土伤则木挟相火、直
冲清道而上、古人以为胃寒、用丁香柿蒂、不能清痰利气、唯助火而已、时珍曰∶当视虚实
阴阳、或泄热、或降气、或温或补、或吐或下可也、古方单用柿蒂、取其苦温降气、济生加
丁香生姜、以取其开郁散痰、亦尝收效、朱氏但执以寒治热、矫枉之过矣。） 癖奔豚。腹
痛口臭。（丹溪曰∶脾有郁火、溢入肺中、浊气上行、发为口气、治以丁香、是扬汤止沸耳
、唯香薷最捷。）脑疳齿 。痘疮灰白不发。辛热而燥。非属虚寒。概勿施用。雄者颗小。
为公丁香。雌者颗大。为母丁香。即鸡舌香。畏郁金。忌火。（证治要诀、治食蟹致伤、丁
香末、姜汤服五分。）
宣、理气。
辛温。调脾肺。利胸膈。疗噎膈之吐。止心腹之疼。辟鬼杀虫。开胃进食。（能引胃气
上升
。）
重、和血。
咸平。血分之药。和营气。消肿毒。敷金疮。止血定痛。诸香动火耗气。夏月囊香辟臭。
尚
谓其散真气而开毛孔。况服之乎。痈疽溃后。诸疮脓多。及阴虚火盛。俱不宜用。
（丁香）具有燥湿、暖胃、温肾的功效。
其性味辛温，属于纯阳之品。能宣发肺气、温暖胃腑。对肾脏疾病有极好的疗效，能壮阳事，温暖阴户。用于治疗胃寒引起的胀满堵塞、呕吐、干呕及呃逆。（关于呃逆：若因痰阻气滞、食积阻塞导致气机升降失常者；若因下焦火郁者；若因伤寒经过汗、吐、下法治疗后，中气大虚者；若因阳明内热未及时攻下者；若因痢疾剧烈泻下后，胃气虚弱而阴火上冲者。朱丹溪说：人的阴气依靠胃气来滋养，脾胃受损则肝木挟带相火，直冲清道而上行。古人认为是胃寒，使用丁香柿蒂汤，不能清除痰浊、利顺气机，只会助长火势罢了。李时珍说：应当辨别虚实阴阳，或者泄热，或者降气，或者温补，或者催吐，或者攻下，都可以。古方单用柿蒂，取其苦温降气的作用；济生方加入丁香和生姜，以取其开郁散痰的作用，也曾收到疗效。朱氏只执着于以寒治热，是矫枉过正了。）还能治疗癖积、奔豚气。治疗腹痛、口臭。（朱丹溪说：脾中有郁火，溢入肺中，浊气上行，引发口气，用丁香治疗，这是扬汤止沸的做法，只有香薷最快捷有效。）治疗脑疳齿龋。治疗痘疮颜色灰白、不能透发。丁香性辛热且燥烈。如果不是虚寒证，一概不要使用。雄性的丁香颗粒小，称为公丁香；雌性的丁香颗粒大，称为母丁香。也就是鸡舌香。丁香畏忌郁金。忌用火煅。（《证治要诀》记载：治疗因吃螃蟹导致的损伤，用丁香末，姜汤送服五分。）
（白檀香）具有宣通、理气的功效。
其性味辛温。能调和脾肺。利胸膈气机。治疗噎膈引起的呕吐。停止心腹疼痛。辟除鬼邪、杀虫。开胃增进食欲。（能引导胃气上升。）
（紫檀香）具有重镇、和血的功效。
其性味咸平。是入血分的药物。能调和营气。消除肿毒。敷贴金创（金属利器造成的伤口）。止血定痛。各种香药都会动火耗气。夏季人们佩戴香囊辟臭，尚且认为它会散失真气并打开毛孔，何况是服用呢？痈疽溃烂之后，各种疮疡脓液较多，以及阴虚火旺者，都不宜使用。
(Dingxiang / Clove) possesses the functions of drying dampness, warming the stomach, and tonifying the kidney.
Its nature is acrid and warm, belonging to pure yang. It can diffuse lung qi and warm the stomach. It is highly effective in treating kidney disorders, strengthening sexual function, and warming the yin cavity. It treats stomach cold causing fullness and distension, vomiting, retching, and hiccups. (Regarding hiccups: if caused by phlegm obstructing qi stagnation or food impaction preventing the ascending and descending of qi; if caused by fire depression in the lower jiao; if caused by severe deficiency of middle qi after treatment with sweating, vomiting, or purging methods for Cold Damage; if caused by Yangming internal heat that was not properly purged; if caused by yin fire rushing upward due to weak stomach qi after severe diarrhea from dysentery. Zhu Danxi stated: Human yin qi relies on stomach qi for nourishment. When spleen and stomach are injured, liver wood carries ministerial fire straight up the clear pathways. The ancients considered this stomach cold and used Dingxiang Shidi Tang, which cannot clear phlegm and regulate qi, but only assists fire. Li Shizhen stated: One must examine deficiency/excess and yin/yang, and may use methods to drain heat, descend qi, warm, tonify, induce vomiting, or purge. Ancient formulas used only Shidi for its bitter-warm qi-descending property; the Jisheng formula added Dingxiang and Shengjiang to open depression and scatter phlegm, achieving efficacy. Zhu's adherence solely to using cold to treat heat was an overcorrection.) It also treats pi accumulation (masses), Bentun qi (rushing gas), abdominal pain, and bad breath. (Zhu Danxi stated: Stagnant fire in the spleen overflows into the lungs, turbid qi ascends, causing halitosis. Treating this with Dingxiang is like stirring hot soup to stop boiling; Xiangru (Moslae Herba) is most effective.) It treats brain gangrene and dental caries. It treats smallpox lesions that are grayish-white and fail to erupt. Its nature is acrid, hot, and drying. If not a deficiency-cold syndrome, it should generally not be used. Male cloves are smaller grains, called Gong Dingxiang (Male Clove); female cloves are larger grains, called Mu Dingxiang (Female Clove). This is also known as Jiti Xiang (Caryophylli Flos / Chicken Tongue Fragrance). It is incompatible with Yujin (Curcumae Radix). Avoid calcination. (Zhengzhi Yaojue records: To treat injury caused by eating crab, take 5 fen of Dingxiang powder with ginger decoction.)
(Baitanxiang / White Sandalwood) has the functions of unblocking and regulating qi.
Its nature is acrid and warm. It harmonizes the spleen and lungs. It benefits the chest and diaphragm. It treats vomiting caused by yige (dysphagia/esophageal obstruction). It stops heart and abdominal pain. It repels evil spirits and kills parasites. It opens the stomach and promotes appetite. (It can guide stomach qi to ascend.)
(Zitanxiang / Red Sandalwood) has the functions of heavy settling and harmonizing blood.
Its nature is salty and neutral. It is a herb entering the blood level. It harmonizes ying qi. It reduces swelling and detoxifies. It is applied to metal wounds. It stops bleeding and relieves pain. All aromatic herbs move fire and consume qi. In summer, carrying sachets for fragrance is said to dissipate true qi and open pores; how much more so when ingested? After ulceration of carbuncles and sores, or when there is excessive pus in various sores, and in cases of yin deficiency with flourishing fire, they are not suitable for use.