宣、活血利气。
辛苦而温。入手足太阴（肺、脾。）厥阴。（心包、肝。）能行血中气滞。气中血滞。通
小便。
除风痹。治上下内外诸痛。（通则不痛。）症癖崩淋。月候不调。（气血不和、因而凝滞、不
以时至。）产后血晕。暴血上冲。折伤积血。为活血利气之药。然辛温走而不守。（独用力迅
、宜兼补气血药用。）通经堕胎。瘀滞有余者宜之。生用破血。炒用调血。（酒炒行血、醋炒
止血。）经事先期。虚而崩漏。产后虚晕。均忌之。（根如半夏、黄色而坚。）
宣、行血止血。
甘平。治跌打损伤。及金疮出血。并用根煎。能行血。（酒炒。）又能止血。（醋炒、或
捣敷
之、不作脓。）苗高人许。叶如薄荷。根如玉竹而无节。捣烂则粘。
宣、祛风湿。
苦平。祛风湿。治手足不遂。筋骨疼痛。与苍术当归同用。甚效。产江浙。苗高三四尺。
叶
如萆 。根如何首乌而无棱。肉白色而无纹。略似菝 而无刺。
补肺肾。
甘平保肺。益肾止血。化痰已劳嗽。四川嘉定府所产者最佳。云南贵州所出者次之。冬
在土
中。身活如老蚕。有毛能动。至夏则毛出土上。连身俱化为草。若不取。至冬则复化为虫。
泻、解毒。
微苦平。治山岚瘴毒。疮毒。并中诸毒。以根生研。酒服一钱匕。即解。出广西庆远山
岩间
。镇安、归顺、柳州皆有之。根似萆 及栝蒌根状。彼处人颇珍重之。以充方物。
宣：具有活血、利气的作用。
味辛、苦，性温。归手太阴肺经、足太阴脾经、手厥阴心包经、足厥阴肝经。能够行散血分中的气滞，以及气分中的血滞。通利小便。祛除风痹。治疗上、下、内、外各种疼痛。（原理是通则不痛。）治疗症瘕积聚、崩漏带下、月经失调。（原因是气血不和，因而凝滞，不能按时来潮。）治疗产后血晕、突发血液上冲、跌打损伤导致的积血。它是活血利气的药物。然而其性辛温，走窜而不守静。（单独使用力量迅猛，适宜与补益气血的药物同用。）具有通经堕胎的作用，适用于瘀滞有余的实证。生用破血，炒用调血。（酒炒可增强行血作用，醋炒可止血。）经期提前、因虚而致的崩漏，以及产后虚性血晕，均忌用。（根部类似半夏，黄色且质地坚硬。）
宣：具有行血、止血的作用。
味甘，性平。治疗跌打损伤，以及金创出血。均用根部煎煮服用。能行血。（酒炒后）又能止血。（醋炒后，或捣烂敷贴，可使伤口不化脓。）植株高约一尺多。叶子像薄荷。根部像玉竹但没有节。捣烂后具有粘性。
宣：具有祛风湿的作用。
味苦，性平。祛除湿邪和风湿。治疗手足活动不利、筋骨疼痛。与苍术、当归同用，效果显著。产于江浙地区。植株高三四尺。叶子像萆薢。根部像何首乌但没有棱角。肉质白色且无纹理。略似菝葜但没有刺。
补肺肾。
味甘，性平。保肺。益肾止血。化痰，治愈劳嗽（虚劳咳嗽）。四川嘉定府所产的最好。云南、贵州出产的次之。冬天在土中时，身体活着像老蚕，有毛并能动弹。到了夏天，毛长出地面，连同身体一起化为草。如果不采摘，到冬天又会重新化为虫。
泻：具有解毒的作用。
味微苦，性平。治疗山岚瘴毒、疮毒，以及中毒诸症。将根部生研成粉，用酒送服一钱匕，即可解毒。产于广西庆远山岩间。镇安、归顺、柳州都有出产。根部形状像萆薢及栝楼根的样子。当地百姓非常珍视它，将其作为地方特产进贡。
Xuan: Promotes blood circulation and regulates Qi.
Pungent, bitter, and warm in nature. Enters the Hand-Taiyin Lung Meridian, Foot-Taiyin Spleen Meridian, Hand-Jueyin Pericardium Meridian, and Foot-Jueyin Liver Meridian. It can move Qi stagnation within the Blood level and Blood stagnation within the Qi level. It promotes urination. It dispels Wind-Bi (painful obstruction syndrome). It treats various pains in the upper, lower, interior, and exterior regions. (The principle is that pain ceases when there is free flow.) It treats masses and accumulations, metrorrhagia and leukorrhea, and irregular menstruation. (The cause is disharmony of Qi and Blood, leading to stagnation and failure of menses to arrive on time.) It treats postpartum syncope due to blood deficiency, sudden upward rushing of blood, and accumulated blood from traumatic injuries. It is a herb that invigorates blood and regulates Qi. However, its pungent and warm nature is moving and dispersing rather than stabilizing. (When used alone, its action is swift and forceful; it is advisable to combine it with herbs that tonify Qi and Blood.) It unblocks the menses and induces abortion; it is suitable for cases with excess stasis. Raw use breaks blood; stir-fried use regulates blood. (Stir-frying with wine enhances blood-moving properties; stir-frying with vinegar stops bleeding.) It is contraindicated in early menstruation due to deficiency, metrorrhagia due to deficiency, and postpartum syncope due to deficiency. (The root resembles Pinellia Rhizoma [Banxia], is yellow and hard.)
Xuan: Invigorates blood and stops bleeding.
Sweet and neutral in nature. Treats contusions and traumatic injuries, as well as bleeding from metal wounds. The root is decocted for use. It invigorates blood. (After stir-frying with wine) It also stops bleeding. (After stir-frying with vinegar, or applied externally as a paste, it prevents suppuration.) The plant grows about one chi tall. The leaves resemble Menthae Haplocalycis Herba [Bohe]. The root resembles Polygonati Odorati Rhizoma [Yuzhu] but lacks nodes. When crushed, it becomes sticky.
Xuan: Dispels Wind-Dampness.
Bitter and neutral in nature. Dispels Dampness and Wind-Dampness. Treats flaccidity of the limbs and pain in the sinews and bones. Used in combination with Atractylodis Rhizoma [Cangzhu] and Angelicae Sinensis Radix [Danggui], it is very effective. Produced in Jiangsu and Zhejiang provinces. The plant grows three to four chi tall. The leaves resemble Dioscoreae Hypoglaucae Rhizoma [Bixie]. The root resembles Polygoni Multiflori Radix [Heshouwu] but lacks angles. The flesh is white without striations. It slightly resembles Smilacis Glabrae Rhizoma [Baqia] but lacks thorns.
Tonifies Lung and Kidney.
Sweet and neutral in nature. Protects the Lung. Tonifies the Kidney and stops bleeding. Resolves phlegm and cures chronic cough due to consumption (Lao Sou). The variety produced in Jiading Prefecture, Sichuan, is the best. Those from Yunnan and Guizhou are secondary. In winter, while underground, the body is alive like an old silkworm, with movable hairs. In summer, the hairs emerge above ground, and the entire body transforms into grass. If not harvested, by winter it transforms back into an insect.
Xie: Detoxifies.
Slightly bitter and neutral in nature. Treats mountainous miasma toxins, carbuncle toxins, and various poisonings. The raw root is ground into powder and taken with wine, one qianbi dose, which immediately resolves the toxicity. Found in the rocky areas of Qingyuan Mountains, Guangxi. Also found in Zhen'an, Guishun, and Liuzhou. The root resembles Dioscoreae Hypoglaucae Rhizoma [Bixie] and Trichosanthis Radix [Gualougen]. Local people highly value it and offer it as a local tribute.