通利水、清肺肝。
甘寒。清肺肝风热。渗膀胱湿热。开水窍以固精窍。令人有子。（男女阴中、各有二窍、
一
窍通精、一窍通水、二窍不并开、水窍开则湿热外泄、相火常宁、精窍常闭、久久精足、名
医别录云∶服固精药久、服此行房即有子、五子衍宗丸用之。）治湿痹五淋。暑湿泻痢。目
赤障翳。催生下胎。阳气下陷。肾气虚脱。勿服。入滋补药。酒蒸捣饼。入利水泄泻药。炒
研。
车前草（通、行水、泻热凉血。）甘寒。凉血去热，通淋明目。（凡利水之剂多损
目、唯此能
解肝与小肠之湿热、热去而目清矣。）使叶，勿使茎蕊。
轻、通、利水清心
甘淡微寒。降心火。清肺热。利小肠。（心与小肠相为表里、心火清则肺清、小肠亦清、
而
热从小便出矣。）通气止血。治五淋水肿。烧灰吹喉痹。涂乳止夜啼。擦癣最良。（缚成把、
擦摩极痒时、虫从草出、浮水可见、十余次可以断根。）中寒小便不禁者勿服。（破伤出血、
灯芯嚼烂敷之、即止。）
通、利水。
甘苦而寒。入膀胱。除虚热。利小便而通淋。（时珍曰∶无阴则阳无以化、亦犹东垣治
小
便不通、用知 滋肾之意、王节斋云∶小便不禁或频数、古方多以为寒、而用温涩之药、殊
不知属热者多、盖膀胱火邪妄动、水不得宁、故不能禁而频数也、老人多频数、由膀胱血少
、阳火偏旺也、治法当补膀胱阴血、泻火邪为主、而佐以收涩之剂、如牡蛎山茱北味之类、
补血泻火、治其本也、收之涩之、治其标也。）治 疝。散恶疮。（煎汤、洗疮疥良。）叶作
浴汤。去皮肤风热丹肿。洗眼。除雀盲涩痛。叶如蒿。茎赤。子类蚕砂。恶螵蛸。（胁下疼
痛、地肤子末、酒服方寸匕。）
车前子：通利小便，清泻肺、肝二经。味甘性寒。能清泻肺、肝的风热，渗利膀胱的湿热。开通水窍（尿道）以固摄精窍（射精管），使男子具备生育能力。（男女生殖器中各有两个孔窍，一个孔窍通精液，一个孔窍通尿液，这两个孔窍不会同时开放；当水窍开启时，湿热之邪向外排泄，相火（肾中寄藏的命门之火）保持宁静，精窍保持闭合，久而久之精气充足。《名医别录》记载：长期服用固精药物后，再服用此类通利之品，行房事即可受孕。五子衍宗丸中便使用了此药。）治疗湿痹、五种淋证（石淋、血淋、膏淋、劳淋、气淋）。暑湿引起的泄泻和痢疾。眼睛红肿、目生翳膜。催生胎儿及排出死胎。阳气下陷者、肾气虚脱者，禁止服用。入滋补类药物方剂时，用酒蒸熟后捣成饼状；入利水止泻类方剂时，炒熟后研末。
车前草：功效为通利、行水、泻热、凉血。味甘性寒。能凉血清热，通利小便以明目。（凡是利水的药物大多损伤视力，唯独车前草能解除肝与小肠的湿热，热邪去除后视力自然清晰。）只使用叶片，不要使用茎和花蕊。
灯芯：质地轻，功效为通利、利水、清心。味甘淡性微寒。能降心火，清肺热，利小肠。（心与小肠互为表里，心火清除则肺热亦清，小肠亦清，热邪随小便排出。）具有通气止血的功效。治疗五种淋证和水肿。烧成灰吹入喉部治疗喉痹。涂抹乳头可停止婴儿夜啼。治疗癣症效果极佳。（将其捆成一束，在极度瘙痒处摩擦，可见虫子从草中爬出并浮在水面上，反复十余次可以断根。）脾胃虚寒导致小便失禁者禁止服用。（若因外伤出血，嚼烂灯芯敷于患处，即可止血。）
地肤子：功效为通利、利水。味苦甘性寒。归膀胱经。清除虚热，利小便以通淋。（李时珍说：没有阴液则阳气无法气化，这也如同李东垣治疗小便不通时，使用知母滋补肾阴的意思。王节斋说：小便不禁或频数，古方多认为是寒证，而使用温涩的药物，殊不知属热证的居多，这是因为膀胱火邪妄动，水液不得安宁，所以不能控制而频数。老年人多出现频数，是由于膀胱阴血不足，阳火偏旺所致。治疗方法应当以补益膀胱阴血、泻除火邪为主，辅以收涩的药物，如牡蛎、山茱萸、五味子之类，补血泻火是治本，收涩是治标。）治疗疝气。消散恶疮。（煎汤外洗疮疥效果良好。）叶片煮水洗澡，可去除皮肤风热引起的丹毒肿胀。洗眼可治疗雀盲（夜盲症）和涩痛。叶片形状像蒿草，茎呈红色，种子类似蚕沙。忌与螵蛸（桑螵蛸）同用。（胁下疼痛，用地肤子粉末，酒送服一方寸匕。）
Cheqianzi (Plantaginis Semen): Promotes urination and clears the Lung and Liver. Sweet and cold in nature. Clears wind-heat of the Lung and Liver; leaches out damp-heat from the Bladder. Opens the water orifice (urethra) to secure the essence orifice (ejaculatory duct), enabling fertility. (Males and females each have two orifices in the genital region: one for semen and one for urine. These two orifices do not open simultaneously. When the water orifice opens, damp-heat is discharged externally, the ministerial fire [Xianghuo] remains tranquil, and the essence orifice remains closed. Over time, essence becomes abundant. *Mingyi Bie Lu* records: After long-term use of astringent drugs for securing essence, using this draining herb allows conception during intercourse. It is used in Wuzi Yanzong Wan.) Treats damp-bi obstruction and five types of Lin syndrome (Shi Lin, Xue Lin, Gao Lin, Lao Lin, Qi Lin). Summerheat-dampness diarrhea and dysentery. Red eyes with nebulae. Induces labor and expels dead fetus. Contraindicated in cases of sinking of Yang Qi and collapse of Kidney Qi. In tonifying formulas, steam with wine and pound into cakes. In diuretic and antidiarrheal formulas, stir-fry and grind.
Cheqiancao (Plantaginis Herba): Functions are promoting unobstructed flow, moving water, purging heat, and cooling blood. Sweet and cold in nature. Cools blood and removes heat, promotes urination and clarifies vision. (Most diuretic agents damage vision, but only this herb resolves damp-heat in the Liver and Small Intestine; once heat is removed, vision clears.) Use leaves only; do not use stems and flower buds.
Dengxin (Junci Medulla): Light in texture, functions are promoting unobstructed flow, diuresis, and clearing the Heart. Sweet and bland, slightly cold in nature. Descends Heart Fire, clears Lung Heat, benefits the Small Intestine. (The Heart and Small Intestine are exterior-interiorly related; clearing Heart Fire clears Lung Heat and Small Intestine Heat, allowing heat to exit via urination.) Promotes Qi movement and stops bleeding. Treats five types of Lin syndrome and edema. Burn to ash and insufflate into the throat for Hou Bi (sore throat/throat obstruction). Apply to nipples to stop infant night crying. Most effective for treating tinea. (Tie into a bundle and rub vigorously on extremely itchy areas; parasites can be seen crawling out of the herb and floating on water. Repeated application over ten times can eradicate the root cause.) Contraindicated in cases of middle-jiao cold with urinary incontinence. (For traumatic bleeding, chew Dengxin thoroughly and apply topically to stop bleeding immediately.)
Difuzi (Kochiae Fructus): Functions are promoting unobstructed flow and diuresis. Bitter and sweet, cold in nature. Enters the Bladder channel. Removes deficiency heat, benefits urination and unblocks Lin syndrome. (Li Shizhen stated: Without Yin, Yang cannot transform, similar to Li Dongyuan's intent in using Tumu to nourish Kidney Yin for treating urinary retention. Wang Jiezhai stated: Urinary incontinence or frequency is often considered cold in ancient formulas, leading to the use of warming and astringent herbs. However, many cases are actually due to heat, where Bladder fire evil moves recklessly, disturbing water and causing inability to retain urine. Elderly people often experience frequency due to deficient Bladder blood and hyperactive Yang fire. Treatment should focus on tonifying Bladder Yin blood and purging fire evil, assisted by astringents such as Muli (Ostreae Concha), Shanzhuyu (Corni Fructus), and Wuweizi (Schisandrae Fructus). Tonifying blood and purging fire treats the root; astringing treats the branch.) Treats hernia. Disperses malignant sores. (Decoct for washing sores and scabies is effective.) Leaves boiled for bathing remove wind-heat-induced erysipelas and swelling from the skin. Washing eyes treats nyctalopia (night blindness) and astringent pain. Leaves resemble Artemisia; stems are red; seeds resemble silkworm frass. Adverse reaction with Piaoxiao (Mantis Egg Case). (For hypochondriac pain, take Difuzi powder with wine, one cun bi in dose.)